1
|
ANGGORO D, PURBA MS, JIANG F, NISHIDA N, ITOH H, ITAMOTO K, NEMOTO Y, NAKAICHI M, SUNAHARA H, TANI K. Elucidation of the radius and ulna fracture mechanisms in toy poodle dogs using finite element analysis. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:575-583. [PMID: 38556325 PMCID: PMC11144531 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fractures occurring in the distal radius and ulna of toy breed dogs pose distinctive challenges for veterinary practitioners, requiring specialized treatment approaches primarily based on anatomical features. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was applied to conduct numerical experiments to determine stress distribution across the bone. This methodology offers an alternative substitute for directly investigating these phenomena in living dog experiments, which could present ethical obstacles. A three-dimensional bone model of the metacarpal, carpal, radius, ulna, and humerus was reconstructed from Computed Tomography (CT) images of the toy poodle and dachshund forelimb. The model was designed to simulate the jumping and landing conditions from a vertical distance of 40 cm to the ground within a limited timeframe. The investigation revealed considerable variations in stress distribution patterns between the radius and ulna of toy poodles and dachshunds, indicating notably elevated stress levels in toy poodles compared to dachshunds. In static and dynamic stress analysis, toy poodles exhibit peak stress levels at the distal radius and ulna. The Von Mises stresses for toy poodles reach 90.07 MPa (static) and 1,090.75 MPa (dynamic) at the radius and 1,677.97 MPa (static) and 1,047.98 MPa (dynamic) at the ulna. Conversely, dachshunds demonstrate lower stress levels for 5.39 MPa (static) and 231.79 MPa (dynamic) at the radius and 390.56 MPa (static) and 513.28 MPa (dynamic) at the ulna. The findings offer valuable insights for modified treatment approaches in managing fractures in toy breed dogs, optimizing care and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dito ANGGORO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Melpa Susanti PURBA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Fei JIANG
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Norihiro NISHIDA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Harumichi ITOH
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuhito ITAMOTO
- Laboratory of Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yuki NEMOTO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Munekazu NAKAICHI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi SUNAHARA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kenji TANI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fois MG, van Griensven M, Giselbrecht S, Habibović P, Truckenmüller RK, Tahmasebi Birgani ZN. Mini-bones: miniaturized bone in vitro models. Trends Biotechnol 2024:S0167-7799(24)00004-0. [PMID: 38493050 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering (TE) and regeneration, miniaturized, (sub)millimeter-sized bone models have become a popular trend since they bring about physiological biomimicry, precise orchestration of concurrent stimuli, and compatibility with high-throughput setups and high-content imaging. They also allow efficient use of cells, reagents, materials, and energy. In this review, we describe the state of the art of miniaturized in vitro bone models, or 'mini-bones', describing these models based on their characteristics of (multi)cellularity and engineered extracellular matrix (ECM), and elaborating on miniaturization approaches and fabrication techniques. We analyze the performance of 'mini-bone' models according to their applications for studying basic bone biology or as regeneration models, disease models, and screening platforms, and provide an outlook on future trends, challenges, and opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Fois
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roman K Truckenmüller
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Zeinab Niloofar Tahmasebi Birgani
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Z, Wang Q, Zhang J, Qi S, Duan Y, Li C. The Mechanotransduction Signaling Pathways in the Regulation of Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14326. [PMID: 37762629 PMCID: PMC10532275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bones are constantly exposed to mechanical forces from both muscles and Earth's gravity to maintain bone homeostasis by stimulating bone formation. Mechanotransduction transforms external mechanical signals such as force, fluid flow shear, and gravity into intracellular responses to achieve force adaptation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms on the conversion from mechanical signals into bone formation has not been completely defined yet. In the present review, we provide a comprehensive and systematic description of the mechanotransduction signaling pathways induced by mechanical stimuli during osteogenesis and address the different layers of interconnections between different signaling pathways. Further exploration of mechanotransduction would benefit patients with osteoporosis, including the aging population and postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshuo Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qilin Wang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junyou Zhang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sihan Qi
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingying Duan
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
van Santen VJB, Jin J, Hogervorst JMA, Bakker AD. Shear loaded osteocyte-like-cells affect epithelial and mesenchymal gene expression in DU145 prostate cancer cells, while decreasing their invasion in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 646:70-77. [PMID: 36706708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Once prostate cancer (PC) metastasizes towards bone the 5-year survival rates drop with 70%, but it is largely unknown why. Bone is continuously mechanically loaded, which likely modulates the paracrine signaling from osteocytes towards PC cells to affect tumor behavior. We hypothesize that shear loaded osteocytes affect PC cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial and mesenchymal-related gene and protein expression. We cultured human DU145 cells, a commonly used cell line for prostate cancer metastases, in the conditioned medium (CM) from shear loaded or unloaded human osteocyte-like-cells (OCYLCs) for 1 and 3 days and assessed their number by staining nuclei with DAPI, their invasion by performing an invasion assay, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT)-related gene and protein expression by qPCR and immunocytochemistry. CM of shear loaded OCYLCs did not affect DU145 cell number compared to CM of static cultured OCYLCs, but decreased their invasion 1.34-fold. CM of shear loaded OCYLCs enhanced expression of epithelial genes: SYND1 and CDH1 after day 1, while it also enhanced CDH1 after day 3. CM of shear loaded osteocytes enhanced mesenchymal genes: VMN, Snail and MIP2 after day 1, while it decreased expression of mesenchymal CYR61 after day 3. We conclude that CM of shear loaded OCYLCs does not affect DU145 cell proliferation, but decreases their invasion, and differentially affects their EMT-related gene expression. Identifying paracrine signals from shear loaded osteocytes that decrease PC cell invasion may provide novel leads in developing treatments for bone metastases from PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor J B van Santen
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jianfeng Jin
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M A Hogervorst
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid D Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Darshna, Kumar R, Srivastava P, Chandra P. Bioengineering of bone tissues using bioreactors for modulation of mechano-sensitivity in bone. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-41. [PMID: 36596226 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2162249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the last decade, significant developments have been made in the area of bone tissue engineering associated with the emergence of novel biomaterials as well as techniques of scaffold fabrication. Despite all these developments, the translation from research findings to clinical applications is still very limited. Manufacturing the designed tissue constructs in a scalable manner remains the most challenging aspect. This bottleneck could be overcome by using bioreactors for the manufacture of these tissue constructs. In this review, a current scenario of bone injuries/defects and the cause of the translational gap between laboratory research and clinical use has been emphasized. Furthermore, various bioreactors being used in the area of bone tissue regeneration in recent studies have been highlighted along with their advantages and limitations. A vivid literature survey on the ideal attributes of bioreactors has been accounted, viz. dynamic, versatile, automated, reproducible and commercialization aspects. Additionally, the illustration of computational approaches that should be combined with bone tissue engineering experiments using bioreactors to simulate and optimize cellular growth in bone tissue constructs has also been done extensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darshna
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pradeep Srivastava
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma Q, Miri Z, Haugen HJ, Moghanian A, Loca D. Significance of mechanical loading in bone fracture healing, bone regeneration, and vascularization. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231172573. [PMID: 37251734 PMCID: PMC10214107 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231172573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1892, J.L. Wolff proposed that bone could respond to mechanical and biophysical stimuli as a dynamic organ. This theory presents a unique opportunity for investigations on bone and its potential to aid in tissue repair. Routine activities such as exercise or machinery application can exert mechanical loads on bone. Previous research has demonstrated that mechanical loading can affect the differentiation and development of mesenchymal tissue. However, the extent to which mechanical stimulation can help repair or generate bone tissue and the related mechanisms remain unclear. Four key cell types in bone tissue, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone lining cells, and osteocytes, play critical roles in responding to mechanical stimuli, while other cell lineages such as myocytes, platelets, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes also exhibit mechanosensitivity. Mechanical loading can regulate the biological functions of bone tissue through the mechanosensor of bone cells intraosseously, making it a potential target for fracture healing and bone regeneration. This review aims to clarify these issues and explain bone remodeling, structure dynamics, and mechano-transduction processes in response to mechanical loading. Loading of different magnitudes, frequencies, and types, such as dynamic versus static loads, are analyzed to determine the effects of mechanical stimulation on bone tissue structure and cellular function. Finally, the importance of vascularization in nutrient supply for bone healing and regeneration was further discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Ma
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, School of
Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Zahra Miri
- Department of Materials Engineering,
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Amirhossein Moghanian
- Department of Materials Engineering,
Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Dagnjia Loca
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials
Innovations and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga,
Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of
Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Z, Yang X, Cao X, Qin A, Zhao J. Current applications of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in bone repair and regeneration: A review of cell experiments, animal models, and clinical trials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:942128. [PMID: 36159705 PMCID: PMC9490047 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.942128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of orthopaedics, bone defects caused by severe trauma, infection, tumor resection, and skeletal abnormalities are very common. However, due to the lengthy and painful process of related surgery, people intend to shorten the recovery period and reduce the risk of rejection; as a result, more attention is being paid to bone regeneration with mesenchymal stromal cells, one of which is the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) from adipose tissue. After continuous subculture and cryopreservation, ASCs still have the potential for multidirectional differentiation. They can be implanted in the human body to promote bone repair after induction in vitro, solve the problems of scarce sources and large damage, and are expected to be used in the treatment of bone defects and non-union fractures. However, the diversity of its differentiation lineage and the lack of bone formation potential limit its current applications in bone disease. Here, we concluded the current applications of ASCs in bone repair, especially with the combination and use of physical and biological methods. ASCs alone have been proved to contribute to the repair of bone damage in vivo and in vitro. Attaching to bone scaffolds or adding bioactive molecules can enhance the formation of the bone matrix. Moreover, we further evaluated the efficiency of ASC-committed differentiation in the bone in conditions of cell experiments, animal models, and clinical trials. The results show that ASCs in combination with synthetic bone grafts and biomaterials may affect the regeneration, augmentation, and vascularization of bone defects on bone healing. The specific conclusion of different materials applied with ASCs may vary. It has been confirmed to benefit osteogenesis by regulating osteogenic signaling pathways and gene transduction. Exosomes secreted by ASCs also play an important role in osteogenesis. This review will illustrate the understanding of scientists and clinicians of the enormous promise of ASCs’ current applications and future development in bone repair and regeneration, and provide an incentive for superior employment of such strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyue Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankun Cao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: An Qin, ; Jie Zhao,
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: An Qin, ; Jie Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bafor A, Duncan ME, Iobst CA. Early Weight-bearing Accelerates Regenerate Bone Mineralisation: A Pilot Study Comparing Two Post-operative Weight-bearing Protocols Following Intramedullary Limb Lengthening Using the Pixel Value Ratio. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2022; 17:148-152. [PMID: 36756288 PMCID: PMC9886033 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10080-1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Limb lengthening is increasingly accomplished by internal lengthening nails. Previous versions of the magnetic lengthening nails made from titanium alloy allowed limited weight-bearing. In contrast, the newer nails made of stainless steel allow increased weight-bearing. An objective comparison of the rate of healing of the regenerate bone based on the weight-bearing capabilities of these two types of lengthening nails has not been evaluated. The hypothesis for the study is that earlier commencement of full weight-bearing in patients treated with the stainless steel STRYDE® nail will lead to faster healing of the regenerate bone during intramedullary limb lengthening compared with those treated with the titanium PRECICE® nail. Materials and methods Thirty patients, divided into two groups of 15 each, underwent antegrade intramedullary lengthening of the femur using a magnetic lengthening nail between May 2017 and November 2020. The pixel value ratio (PVR) obtained from serial digital radiographs was used to quantitatively determine the regenerate bone's mineralisation rate. We compared the rate of healing of the regenerate bone in both groups of patients using the PVR. Results Patients treated with the STRYDE® nail achieved unassisted full weight-bearing significantly earlier than patients treated with the PRECICE® nail (12 weeks vs 17 weeks for STRYDE® and PRECICE® nail-lengthened patients, respectively, p = 0.003). There was no difference in the PVR between both groups of patients at the time of full weight-bearing (p = 0.0857). However, patients treated with the STRYDE® nail attained a PVR of 1 significantly earlier than those treated with the PRECICE® nail (0.0317). Conclusion The STRYDE® nail provides an earlier return of function and full weight-bearing compared with the PRECICE® lengthening nail. Earlier commencement of weight-bearing ambulation leads to more rapid mineralisation of the regenerate bone in patients undergoing intramedullary limb lengthening. How to cite this article Bafor A, Duncan ME, Iobst CA, et al. Early Weight-bearing Accelerates Regenerate Bone Mineralisation: A Pilot Study Comparing Two Post-operative Weight-bearing Protocols Following Intramedullary Limb Lengthening Using the Pixel Value Ratio. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2022;17(3):148-152.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirejuoritse Bafor
- Department of Orthopedics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Molly E Duncan
- Department of Orthopedics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Christopher A Iobst
- Department of Orthopedics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Design Strategies and Biomimetic Approaches for Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Regeneration. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030112. [PMID: 35997432 PMCID: PMC9397031 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a complex biologic tissue, which is extremely relevant for various physiological functions, in addition to movement, organ protection, and weight bearing. The repair of critical size bone defects is a still unmet clinical need, and over the past decades, material scientists have been expending efforts to find effective technological solutions, based on the use of scaffolds. In this context, biomimetics which is intended as the ability of a scaffold to reproduce compositional and structural features of the host tissues, is increasingly considered as a guide for this purpose. However, the achievement of implants that mimic the very complex bone composition, multi-scale structure, and mechanics is still an open challenge. Indeed, despite the fact that calcium phosphates are widely recognized as elective biomaterials to fabricate regenerative bone scaffolds, their processing into 3D devices with suitable cell-instructing features is still prevented by insurmountable drawbacks. With respect to biomaterials science, new approaches maybe conceived to gain ground and promise for a substantial leap forward in this field. The present review provides an overview of physicochemical and structural features of bone tissue that are responsible for its biologic behavior. Moreover, relevant and recent technological approaches, also inspired by natural processes and structures, are described, which can be considered as a leverage for future development of next generation bioactive medical devices.
Collapse
|
10
|
Crolla JP, Lawless BM, Cederlund AA, Aspden RM, Espino DM. Analysis of hydration and subchondral bone density on the viscoelastic properties of bovine articular cartilage. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:228. [PMID: 35260135 PMCID: PMC8905800 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Articular cartilage is known to be a viscoelastic material, however little research has explored the impact of cartilage water content and bone density on its viscoelasticity. This study aimed to isolate subchondral bone density and hydration of articular cartilage and analyse their effects on the viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage. Methods Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to test samples at frequencies of 1, 8, 12, 29, 49, 71, and 88 Hz. Synthetic bone material with densities of 663.7 kg/m3 and 156.8 kg/m3 were used to mimic the bone mineral density (BMD). Dehydration occurred in a stepwise manner at relative humidity (RH) levels of 100%, 30%, and 1%. These relative humidity levels led to water contents of approximately 76%, 8.5%, and ≈ 0% by mass, respectively. Results Samples from eight bovine femoral heads were tested under a sinusoidal load. Storage stiffness was lower on the lower substrate density. Storage stiffness, though, increased as cartilage samples were dehydrated from a water content of 76% to 8.5%; decreasing again as the water content was further reduced. Loss stiffness was lower on a lower density substrate and decreased as the water content decreased. Conclusions In conclusions, a decrease in hydration decreases the loss stiffness, but a non-linear relationship between hydration and storage stiffness may exist. Additionally, higher BMD values led to greater storage and loss stiffnesses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05169-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Crolla
- Deptment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Bernard M Lawless
- Deptment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anna A Cederlund
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Foresterhill Aberdeen, UK
| | - Richard M Aspden
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Foresterhill Aberdeen, UK
| | - Daniel M Espino
- Deptment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Machado P, Li J, Blackman R, Liu JB, Kepler CK, Fang T, Muratore R, Winder JH, Winder AA, Forsberg F. Comparison Between Clinically Available Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) and a Novel Bimodal Acoustic Signal System for Accelerating Fracture Healing. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:629-636. [PMID: 34822327 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3130554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) accelerates fracture healing by stimulating the production of bone callus and the mineralization process. This study compared a novel bimodal acoustic signal (BMAS) device for bone fracture healing to a clinical LIPUS system (EXOGEN; Bioventus, Durham, NC, USA). Thirty rabbits underwent a bilateral fibular osteotomy. Each rabbits' legs were randomized to receive 20-min treatment daily for 18 days with BMAS or LIPUS. The latter utilizes a longitudinal ultrasonic mode only, while the former employs ultrasound-induced shear stress to promote bone formation. Power Doppler imaging (PDI) was acquired days 0, 2, 4, 7, 11, 14, and 18 post-surgery to monitor treatment response and quantified off-line. X-rays were acquired to evaluate fractures on days 0, 14, 18, and 21. Seventeen rabbits completed the study and were euthanized day 21 post-surgery. The fibulae were analyzed to determine maximum torque, initial torsional stiffness, and angular displacement at failure. ANOVAs and paired t-tests were used to compare pair-wise outcome variables for the two treatment modes on a per rabbit basis. The BMAS system induced better fracture healing with greater stiffness (BMAS 0.21 ± 0.19 versus LIPUS 0.16 ± 0.19 [Formula: see text]cm/°, p = 0.050 ) and maximum torque (BMAS 7.84 ± 5.55 versus LIPUS 6.26 ± 3.46 [Formula: see text]cm, p = 0.022 ) than the LIPUS system. Quantitative PDI assessments showed a higher amount of vascularity with LIPUS than BMAS on days 4 and 18 ( ). In conclusion, the novel BMAS technique achieved better bone fracture healing response than the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved LIPUS system.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Cai F, Liu K, Liu J, Zhang X, Yusufu A. Cyclic Distraction–Compression Dynamization Technique Enhances the Bone Formation During Distraction Osteogenesis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:810723. [PMID: 35118057 PMCID: PMC8806138 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.810723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Interfragmentary movements have benefits in the improvement of bone formation during distraction osteogenesis (DO). Although several clinical studies reported positive outcomes regarding the application of the cyclic distraction–compression (CDC) dynamization technique in cases with poor bone formation during DO, they are mostly anecdotal without a detailed description. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and potential mechanism of different amplitudes and rates of the CDC technique on bone regeneration in a rat femur DO model.Methods: A total of 60 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent right femoral mid-diaphysis transverse osteotomy and were randomly and evenly divided into Control (no manipulation), Group1 (CDC therapy), Group2 (CDC therapy with larger amplitude), and Group3 (CDC therapy with a slower rate) after distraction. The CDC technique was performed during the middle phase of the consolidation period according to different protocols. Animals were sacrificed after 4 and 6 weeks of consolidation. The process of bone formation was monitored by digital radiographs, and the regenerate bone was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), biomechanical test, and histological analysis. The serum contents of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Bone regeneration after the CDC technique was improved significantly during DO. The digital radiograph, micro-CT, histomorphological analysis, and biomechanical evaluation showed better effects regarding volume, continuity, and mechanical properties of the regenerate bone in Group2 and Group3 when compared to Group1. The angiogenic and osteogenic markers were more highly expressed in Group2 and Group3 than in Group1 according to the immunohistochemical analysis. As for ELISA, the serum contents of HIF-1α and VEGF were also increased after the CDC technique, especially in Group2 and Group3.Conclusion: The CDC dynamization technique has benefits on the improvement of bone formation during DO, and the mechanism may be due to tissue hypoxia activating the HIF pathway followed by the augmentation of osteogenic–angiogenic coupling. Better outcomes may be achieved by moderately increasing the amplitude and slowing down the rate of the CDC technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshi Liu
- Department of Trauma and Microreconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Feiyu Cai
- Department of Trauma and Microreconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Trauma and Microreconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Aihemaitijiang Yusufu
- Department of Trauma and Microreconstructive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- *Correspondence: Aihemaitijiang Yusufu,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Structural Biology of the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1350:91-100. [PMID: 34888845 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-83282-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancers can be described as "rogue organs" (Balkwill FR, Capasso M, Hagemann T, J Cell Sci 125:5591-5596, 2012) because they are composed of multiple cell types and tissues. The transformed cells can recruit and alter healthy cells from surrounding tissues for their own benefit. It is these interactions that create the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME describes the cells, factors, and extracellular matrix proteins that make up the tumor and the area around it; the biology of the TME influences tumor progression. Changes in the TME can lead to the growth and development of the tumor, the death of the tumor, or tumor metastasis. Metastasis is the process by which cancer spreads from its initial site to a different part of the body. Metastasis occurs when cancer cells enter the circulatory system or lymphatic system after they break away from a tumor. Once the cells leave, they can travel to a different part of the body and form new tumors. Therefore, understanding the TME is critical to fully understand cancer and find a way to successfully combat it. Knowledge of the TME can better inform researchers of the ability of potential therapies to reach tumor cells. It can also give researchers potential targets to kill the tumor. Instead of directly killing the cancer cells, therapies can target an aspect of the TME which could then halt tumor development or lead to tumor death. In other cases, targeting another aspect of the TME could make it easier for another therapy to kill the cancer cells, for example, using nanoparticles with collagenases to target the collagen in the surrounding environment to expose the cancer cells to drugs (Zinger A, et al, ACS Nano 13(10):11008-11021, 2019).The TME can be split simply into cells and the structural matrix. Within these groups are fibroblasts, structural proteins, immune cells, lymphocytes, bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, blood vessels, and signaling molecules (Spill F, et al, Curr Opin Biotechnol 40:41-48, 2016; Del Prete A, et al, Curr Opin Pharmacol 35:40-47, 2017; Arneth B, Medicina (Kaunas) 56(1), 2019). From structure to providing nutrients for growth, each of these components plays a critical role in tumor maintenance. Together these components impact cancer growth, development, and resistance to therapies (Hanahan D, Coussens LM, Cancer Cell 21:309-322, 2012). In this chapter, we will describe the TME and express the importance of the cellular and structural elements of the TME.
Collapse
|
14
|
Matsushita K, Nakahara C, Kimura S, Sakamoto N, Ii S, Miyoshi H. Intranuclear mesoscale viscoelastic changes during osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22071. [PMID: 34820910 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100536rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell nuclei behave as viscoelastic materials. Dynamic regulation of the viscoelastic properties of nuclei in living cells is crucial for diverse biological and biophysical processes, specifically for intranuclear mesoscale viscoelasticity, through modulation of the efficiency of force propagation to the nucleoplasm and gene expression patterns. However, how the intranuclear mesoscale viscoelasticity of stem cells changes with differentiation is unclear and so is its biological significance. Here, we quantified the changes in intranuclear mesoscale viscoelasticity during osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. This analysis revealed that the intranuclear region is a viscoelastic solid, probably with a higher efficiency of force transmission that results in high sensitivity to mechanical signals in the early stages of osteoblastic differentiation. The intranuclear region was noted to alter to a viscoelastic liquid with a lower efficiency, which is responsible for the robustness of gene expression toward terminal differentiation. Additionally, evaluation of changes in the mesoscale viscoelasticity due to chromatin decondensation and correlation between the mesoscale viscoelasticity and local DNA density suggested that size of gap and flexibility of chromatin meshwork structures, which are modulated depending on chromatin condensation state, determine mesoscale viscoelasticity, with various rates of contribution in different differentiation stages. Given that chromatin within the nucleus condenses into heterochromatin as stem cells adopt a specific lineage by restricting transcription, viscoelasticity is perhaps a key factor in cooperative regulation of the nuclear mechanosensitivity and gene expression pattern for stem cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kojiro Matsushita
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Chiharu Nakahara
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Shun Kimura
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ii
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Hiromi Miyoshi
- Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kholinne E, Kwak JM, Sun Y, Koh KH, Jeon IH. Forearm Interosseous Ligaments: Anatomical and Histological Analysis of the Proximal, Central, and Distal Bands. J Hand Surg Am 2021; 46:1029.e1-1029.e8. [PMID: 33892984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize and compare the histological structure of the proximal, central, and distal bands of the interosseous membrane (IOM) of the human forearm in fresh-frozen specimens. METHODS The IOMs from 16 fresh-frozen left forearm specimens were carefully dissected and examined. The footprint areas of the proximal, central, and distal IOM bands were measured in 6 specimens. The histological characteristics of the IOM bands were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining protocols in 10 specimens as histological analysis necessitated an intact footprint. The footprint areas of the IOM were measured using an image processing program. The insertion complex was assessed using a light microscope. RESULTS Histological assessment revealed that the IOM structure demonstrated similarities with ligament structure. The average footprint areas of the proximal, central, and distal bands at the radial site were 11.1 ± 0.8, 180.4 ± 30.4, and 10.7 ± 1.3 mm2, respectively. At the ulnar site, they were 11.0 ± 1.1, 171.8 ± 30.1, and 10.7 ± 1.2 mm2, respectively. The insertion complex of the IOM into the bone comprised 4 layers: (1) interwoven collagen, (2) oblique collagen, (3) mineralized fibrocartilage (tidemark), and (4) lamellar bone. The average tidemark zone thicknesses of the proximal, central, and distal bands were 20.1 ± 6.3, 107.8 ± 22.9, and 20.6 ± 4.7 μm, respectively at the radial site and 12.0 ± 4.5, 85.7 ± 23.2, and 13.5 ± 6.9 μm, respectively at the ulnar site. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we confirm that the histological characteristics of the IOM are similar to those of ligaments. Compared with the proximal and distal bands, the central band has a greater footprint area and thicker tidemark zone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE If surgical reconstruction is performed, the size and histological characteristics of the graft should be similar to those of the native ligaments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica Kholinne
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Carolus Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Man Kwak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yucheng Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kyoung Hwan Koh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Ho Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kon E, Salamanna F, Filardo G, Di Matteo B, Shabshin N, Shani J, Fini M, Perdisa F, Parrilli A, Sprio S, Ruffini A, Marcacci M, Tampieri A. Bone Regeneration in Load-Bearing Segmental Defects, Guided by Biomorphic, Hierarchically Structured Apatitic Scaffold. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:734486. [PMID: 34646817 PMCID: PMC8503888 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.734486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of load-bearing segmental bone defects remains a significant clinical problem in orthopedics, mainly due to the lack of scaffolds with composition and 3D porous structure effective in guiding and sustaining new bone formation and vascularization in large bone defects. In the present study, biomorphic calcium phosphate bone scaffolds (GreenBone™) featuring osteon-mimicking, hierarchically organized, 3D porous structure and lamellar nano-architecture were implanted in a critical cortical defect in sheep and compared with allograft. Two different types of scaffolds were tested: one made of ion-doped hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium-phosphate (GB-1) and other made of undoped hydroxyapatite only (GB-2). X-ray diffraction patterns of GB-1 and GB-2 confirmed that both scaffolds were made of hydroxyapatite, with a minor amount of β-TCP in GB-1. The chemical composition analysis, obtained by ICP-OES spectrometer, highlighted the carbonation extent and the presence of small amounts of Mg and Sr as doping ions in GB-1. SEM micrographs showed the channel-like wide open porosity of the biomorphic scaffolds and the typical architecture of internal channel walls, characterized by a cell structure mimicking the natural parenchyma of the rattan wood used as a template for the scaffold fabrication. Both GB-1 and GB-2 scaffolds show very similar porosity extent and 3D organization, as also revealed by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Comparing the two scaffolds, GB-1 showed slightly higher fracture strength, as well as improved stability at the stress plateau. In comparison to allograft, at the follow-up time of 6 months, both GB-1 and GB-2 scaffolds showed higher new bone formation and quality of regenerated bone (trabecular thickness, number, and separation). In addition, higher osteoid surface (OS/BS), osteoid thickness (OS.Th), osteoblast surface (Ob.S/BS), vessels/microvessels numbers, as well as substantial osteoclast-mediated implant resorption were observed. The highest values in OS.Th and Ob. S/BS parameters were found in GB-1 scaffold. Finally, Bone Mineralization Index of new bone within scaffolds, as determined by micro-indentation, showed a significantly higher microhardness for GB-1 scaffold in comparison to GB-2. These findings suggested that the biomorphic calcium phosphate scaffolds were able to promote regeneration of load-bearing segmental bone defects in a clinically relevant scenario, which still represents one of the greatest challenges in orthopedics nowadays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Kon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Salamanna
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies - IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- First Moscow State Medical University - Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Radiology, Emek Medical Center, Clalit Healthcare Services, Afula, Israel
| | - Berardo Di Matteo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- First Moscow State Medical University - Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nogah Shabshin
- Department of Radiology, Emek Medical Center, Clalit Healthcare Services, Afula, Israel
- Department of Radiology, Pennmedicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan Shani
- Chavat Daat Veterinary Referral Center, Beit Berl, Israel
| | - Milena Fini
- Complex Structure of Surgical Sciences and Technologies - IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Perdisa
- Hip and Knee Replacement Division, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annapaola Parrilli
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Center for X-ray Analytics, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simone Sprio
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruffini
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| | - Maurilio Marcacci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Research Council, Faenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pereira AR, Lipphaus A, Ergin M, Salehi S, Gehweiler D, Rudert M, Hansmann J, Herrmann M. Modeling of the Human Bone Environment: Mechanical Stimuli Guide Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interactions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4431. [PMID: 34442954 PMCID: PMC8398413 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In bone tissue engineering, the design of in vitro models able to recreate both the chemical composition, the structural architecture, and the overall mechanical environment of the native tissue is still often neglected. In this study, we apply a bioreactor system where human bone-marrow hMSCs are seeded in human femoral head-derived decellularized bone scaffolds and subjected to dynamic culture, i.e., shear stress induced by continuous cell culture medium perfusion at 1.7 mL/min flow rate and compressive stress by 10% uniaxial load at 1 Hz for 1 h per day. In silico modeling revealed that continuous medium flow generates a mean shear stress of 8.5 mPa sensed by hMSCs seeded on 3D bone scaffolds. Experimentally, both dynamic conditions improved cell repopulation within the scaffold and boosted ECM production compared with static controls. Early response of hMSCs to mechanical stimuli comprises evident cell shape changes and stronger integrin-mediated adhesion to the matrix. Stress-induced Col6 and SPP1 gene expression suggests an early hMSC commitment towards osteogenic lineage independent of Runx2 signaling. This study provides a foundation for exploring the early effects of external mechanical stimuli on hMSC behavior in a biologically meaningful in vitro environment, opening new opportunities to study bone development, remodeling, and pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Pereira
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (A.R.P.); (M.E.)
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Lipphaus
- Biomechanics Research Group, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Mert Ergin
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (A.R.P.); (M.E.)
- Department of Biomaterials, Center of Energy Technology und Materials Science (TAO), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Sahar Salehi
- Department of Biomaterials, Center of Energy Technology und Materials Science (TAO), University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | | | - Maximilian Rudert
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Marietta Herrmann
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (A.R.P.); (M.E.)
- Bernhard-Heine-Centrum for Locomotion Research, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wildemann B, Ignatius A, Leung F, Taitsman LA, Smith RM, Pesántez R, Stoddart MJ, Richards RG, Jupiter JB. Non-union bone fractures. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:57. [PMID: 34354083 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The human skeleton has remarkable regenerative properties, being one of the few structures in the body that can heal by recreating its normal cellular composition, orientation and mechanical strength. When the healing process of a fractured bone fails owing to inadequate immobilization, failed surgical intervention, insufficient biological response or infection, the outcome after a prolonged period of no healing is defined as non-union. Non-union represents a chronic medical condition not only affecting function but also potentially impacting the individual's psychosocial and economic well-being. This Primer provides the reader with an in-depth understanding of our contemporary knowledge regarding the important features to be considered when faced with non-union. The normal mechanisms involved in bone healing and the factors that disrupt the normal signalling mechanisms are addressed. Epidemiological considerations and advances in the diagnosis and surgical therapy of non-union are highlighted and the need for greater efforts in basic, translational and clinical research are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britt Wildemann
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany. .,Julius Wolff Institute and BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University, Ulm, Baden Württemberg, Germany
| | - Frankie Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lisa A Taitsman
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R Malcolm Smith
- Orthopedic trauma service, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Pesántez
- Departamento de Ortopedia Y Traumatología Fundación Santa Fé de Bogotá - Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Jesse B Jupiter
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pant A, Paul E, Niebur GL, Vahdati A. Integration of mechanics and biology in computer simulation of bone remodeling. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 164:33-45. [PMID: 33965425 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a complex physiological process that spans across multiple spatial and temporal scales and is regulated by both mechanical and hormonal cues. An imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation in the process of bone remodeling may lead to various bone pathologies. One powerful and non-invasive approach to gain new insights into mechano-adaptive bone remodeling is computer modeling and simulation. Recent findings in bone physiology and advances in computer modeling have provided a unique opportunity to study the integration of mechanics and biology in bone remodeling. Our objective in this review is to critically appraise recent advances and developments and discuss future research opportunities in computational bone remodeling approaches that enable integration of mechanics and cellular and molecular pathways. Based on the critical appraisal of the relevant recent published literature, we conclude that multiscale in silico integration of personalized bone mechanics and mechanobiology combined with data science and analytics techniques offer the potential to deepen our knowledge of bone remodeling and provide ample opportunities for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Pant
- Multi-disciplinary Mechanics and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Elliot Paul
- Multi-disciplinary Mechanics and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Glen L Niebur
- Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ali Vahdati
- Multi-disciplinary Mechanics and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Engineering, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ulian G, Moro D, Valdrè G. Hydroxylapatite and Related Minerals in Bone and Dental Tissues: Structural, Spectroscopic and Mechanical Properties from a Computational Perspective. Biomolecules 2021; 11:728. [PMID: 34068073 PMCID: PMC8152500 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hard tissues (e.g., bone, enamel, dentin) in vertebrates perform various and different functions, from sustaining the body to haematopoiesis. Such complex and hierarchal tissue is actually a material composite whose static and dynamic properties are controlled by the subtle physical and chemical interplay between its components, collagen (main organic part) and hydroxylapatite-like mineral. The knowledge needed to fully understand the properties of bony and dental tissues and to develop specific applicative biomaterials (e.g., fillers, prosthetics, scaffolds, implants, etc.) resides mostly at the atomic scale. Among the different methods to obtains such detailed information, atomistic computer simulations (in silico) have proven to be both corroborative and predictive tools in this subject. The authors have intensively worked on quantum mechanical simulations of bioapatite and the present work reports a detailed review addressed to the crystal-chemical, physical, spectroscopic, mechanical, and surface properties of the mineral phase of bone and dental tissues. The reviewed studies were conducted at different length and time scales, trying to understand the features of hydroxylapatite and biological apatite models alone and/or in interaction with simplified collagen-like models. The reported review shows the capability of the computational approach in dealing with complex biological physicochemical systems, providing accurate results that increase the overall knowledge of hard tissue science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Ulian
- Centro di Ricerca Interdisciplinare di Biomineralogia, Cristallografia e Biomateriali, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, P. Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | | | - Giovanni Valdrè
- Centro di Ricerca Interdisciplinare di Biomineralogia, Cristallografia e Biomateriali, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, P. Porta San Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bone remodeling analysis for a swine skull at continuous scale based on the smoothed finite element method. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 118:104444. [PMID: 33721770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to study bone response during chewing, bone remodeling analysis at a continuous scale is performed to a swine skull obtained using μCT. The smoothed finite element method (S-FEM) is utilized to replace the finite element method (FEM) in bone remodeling as it is solving the "overly-stiff" problem in FEM by introducing strain smoothing technology to soften the stiffness matrix. Three S-FEM models with different levels of softening effects are developed, including node-based, edge-based, and face-based, which leads to various bone remodeling results for a better understanding of the remodeling process. During the remodeling process, the strain energy density is used as the mechanical stimulus, and the surface elements or smoothing domains are regarded as cortical bone. Under the action of mechanical stimuli, cortical bone and cancellous bone have been remodeled. In remodeling progress, ES-FEM shows close results as compared with the experimental μCT in nodal bone density distribution, FEM and FS-FEM are close to the μCT experimental model in average nodal density. In summary, the combined use of several methods provides more angles for the description of bone remodeling.
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Why is exercise important to dentistry? BDJ TEAM 2021. [PMCID: PMC7891924 DOI: 10.1038/s41407-021-0526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
24
|
Pei F, Liu J, Zhang L, Pan X, Huang W, Cen X, Huang S, Jin Y, Zhao Z. The functions of mechanosensitive ion channels in tooth and bone tissues. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109877. [PMID: 33296740 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tooth and bone are independent tissues with a close relationship. Both are composed of a highly calcified outer structure and soft inner tissue, and both are constantly under mechanical stress. In particular, the alveolar bone and tooth constitute an occlusion system and suffer from masticatory and occlusal force. Thus, mechanotransduction is a key process in many developmental, physiological and pathological processes in tooth and bone. Mechanosensitive ion channels such as Piezo1 and Piezo2 are important participants in mechanotransduction, but their functions in tooth and bone are poorly understood. This review summarizes our current understanding of mechanosensitive ion channels and their roles in tooth and bone tissues. Research in these areas may shed new light on the regulation of tooth and bone tissues and potential treatments for diseases affecting these tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jialing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiao Cen
- Department of the Temporomandibular Joint, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shishu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Ying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Entezari A, Swain MV, Gooding JJ, Roohani I, Li Q. A modular design strategy to integrate mechanotransduction concepts in scaffold-based bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2020; 118:100-112. [PMID: 33059100 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Repair or regeneration of load-bearing bones has long been an incentive for the tissue engineering community to develop a plethora of synthetic bone scaffolds. Despite the key role of physical forces and the mechanical environment in bone regeneration, the mechanotransduction concept has rarely been incorporated in structural design of bone tissue scaffolds, particularly those made of bioactive materials such as hydrogels and bioceramics. Herein, we introduce a modular design strategy to fabricate a load bearing device that can support a wide range of hydrogel- and ceramic-based scaffolds against complex in-vivo loading conditions to induce desirable mechanical strains for bone regeneration within the scaffolds. The device is comprised of a fenestrated polymeric shell and ceramic structural pillars arranged in a sophisticated configuration to provide ample internal space for the scaffold, also enabling it to purposely regulate the levels of strains and stresses within the scaffolds. Utilizing this top-down design approach, we demonstrate that the failure load of alginate hydrogels increases 3200-fold in compression, 300-fold in shear and 75-fold in impact, achieving the values that enable them to withstand physiological loads in weight-bearing sites, while allowing generation of osteoinductive strains (i.e., 0.2-0.4%) in the hydrogel. This modular design approach opens a broad range of opportunities to utilize various bioactive but mechanically weak scaffolds for the treatment of load-bearing defects and exploiting mechanobiology strategies to improve bone regeneration.
Collapse
|
26
|
The expression and regulation of Wnt1 in tooth movement-initiated mechanotransduction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:e151-e160. [PMID: 33139146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Wnt signaling pathway acts as a key regulator of skeletal development and its homeostasis. However, the potential role of Wnt1 in the mechanotransduction machinery of orthodontic tooth movement-initiated bone remodeling is still unclear. Hence, this study focused on the regulatory dynamics of the Wnt1 expression in both the periodontal ligament (PDL) and osteocytes in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The Wnt1 expression in the orthodontically moved maxillary first molar in mice was assessed at 0, 1, and 5 days, on both the compression and tension sides. Primary isolated human PDL (hPDL) fibroblasts, as well as murine long-bone osteocyte-Y4 (MLO-Y4) cells, were exposed to continuous compressive force and static tensile force. RESULTS The relative quantification of immunodetection showed that orthodontic tooth movement significantly stimulated the Wnt1 expression in both the PDL and alveolar osteocytes on the tension side on day 5, whereas the expression on the compression side did not change. This increase in the Wnt1 expression, shown in vivo, was also noted after the application of 12% static tensile force in isolated hPDL fibroblasts and 20% in MLO-Y4 cells. In contrast, a compressive force led to the attenuation of the Wnt1 gene expression in both hPDL fibroblasts and MLO-Y4 cells in a force-dependent manner. In the osteocyte-PDL coculture system, recombinant sclerostin attenuated Wnt1 in PDL, whereas the antisclerostin antibody upregulated its gene expression, indicating that mechanically-driven Wnt1 signaling in PDL might be regulated by osteocytic sclerostin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide that Wnt1 signaling plays a vital role in tooth movement-initiated bone remodeling via innovative mechanotransduction approaches.
Collapse
|
27
|
Tsata V, Beis D. In Full Force. Mechanotransduction and Morphogenesis during Homeostasis and Tissue Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040040. [PMID: 33019569 PMCID: PMC7711708 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of form and function have been the focus of numerous studies in the context of development and more recently regeneration. Our understanding on how cells, tissues and organs sense and interpret external cues, such as mechanical forces, is becoming deeper as novel techniques in imaging are applied and the relevant signaling pathways emerge. These cellular responses can be found from bacteria to all multicellular organisms such as plants and animals. In this review, we focus on hemodynamic flow and endothelial shear stress during cardiovascular development and regeneration, where the interactions of morphogenesis and proper function are more prominent. In addition, we address the recent literature on the role of extracellular matrix and fibrotic response during tissue repair and regeneration. Finally, we refer to examples where the integration of multi-disciplinary approaches to understand the biomechanics of cellular responses could be utilized in novel medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Tsata
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (D.B.); Tel.: +3021-0659-7439 (V.T. & D.B.)
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Correspondence: (V.T.); (D.B.); Tel.: +3021-0659-7439 (V.T. & D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Reengineering Bone-Implant Interfaces for Improved Mechanotransduction and Clinical Outcomes. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:1121-1138. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
29
|
Osteocyte lacunar strain determination using multiscale finite element analysis. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100277. [PMID: 32478144 PMCID: PMC7251370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are thought to be the primary mechanosensory cells within bone, regulating both osteoclasts and osteoblasts to control load induced changes in bone resorption and formation. Osteocytes initiate intracellular responses including activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway after experiencing mechanical forces. In response to changing mechanical loads (strain) the osteocytes signal to cells on the bone surface. However, this process of osteocyte activation appears heterogeneous since it occurs in sub-populations of osteocytes, even within regions predicted to be experiencing similar global strain magnitudes determined based on traditional finite element modeling approaches. Several studies have investigated the strain responses of osteocyte lacunae using finite element (FE) models, but many were limited by the use of idealized geometries (e.g., ellipsoids) and analysis of a single osteocyte. Finite element models by other groups included more details, such as canaliculi, but all were done on models consisting of a single osteocyte. We hypothesized that variation in size and orientation of the osteocyte lacunae within bone would give rise to micro heterogeneity in the strain fields that could better explain the observed patterns of osteocyte activation following load. The osteocytes in our microscale and nanoscale models have an idealized oval shape and some are based on confocal scans. However, all the FE models in this preliminary study consist of multiple osteocytes. The number of osteocytes in the 3D confocal scan models ranged from five to seventeen. In this study, a multi-scale computational approach was used to first create an osteocyte FE model at the microscale level to examine both the theoretical lacunar and perilacunar strain responses based on two parameters: 1) lacunar orientation and 2) lacunar size. A parametric analysis was performed by steadily increasing the perilacunar modulus (5, 10, 15, and 20 GPa). Secondly, a nanoscale FE model was built using known osteocyte dimensions to determine the predicted strains in the perilacunar matrix, fluid space, and cell body regions. Finally, 3-D lacunar models were created using confocal image stacks from mouse femurs to determine the theoretical strain in the lacunae represented by realistic geometries. Overall, lacunar strains decreased by 14% in the cell body, 15% in the fluid space region and 25% in the perilacunar space as the perilacunar modulus increased, indicating a stress shielding effect. Lacunar strains were lower for the osteocytes aligned along the loading axis compared to those aligned perpendicular to axis. Increases in lacuna size also led to increased lacunar strains. These finite element model findings suggest that orientation and lacunar size may contribute to the heterogeneous initial pattern of osteocyte strain response observed in bone following in vivo applied mechanical loads. A better understanding of how mechanical stimuli directly affect the lacunae and perilacunar tissue strains may ultimately lead to a better understanding of the process of osteocyte activation in response to mechanical loading. A multi-scale computational approach used to first create multiple osteocyte FE model at the microscale level 3-D Lacuna model created using confocal image stacks from a mouse femur to determine the theoretical strain in the lacunae. Lacunar strains decreased as the perilacunar modulus increased. Lacunar strains were lower for the osteocytes aligned along the loading axis compared to those aligned perpendicular to axis. Increases in lacuna size also led to increased lacunar strains
Collapse
|
30
|
Shafaei H, Kalarestaghi H. Adipose-derived stem cells: An appropriate selection for osteogenic differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8371-8386. [PMID: 32239731 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of various forms of tissue engineering. MSCs have self-renewal and multidifferential potential. Osteogenic differentiation of MSCs is an area of attention in bone regeneration. One form of MSCs are adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which can be simply harvested and differentiated into several cell lineages, such as chondrocytes, adipocytes, or osteoblasts. Due to special properties, ASCs are frequently used in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration. Identifying factors involved in osteogenic differentiation of ASCs is important for better understanding the mechanism of osteogenic differentiation. Different methods are used to stimulate osteogenesis of ASCs in literature, including common osteogenic media, growth factors, hormones, hypoxia, mechanical and chemical stimuli, genetic modification, and nanotechnology. This review article provides an overview describing the isolation procedure, characterization, properties, current methods for osteogenic differentiation of ASCs, and their basic biological mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Shafaei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Kalarestaghi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hierarchical porosity inherited by natural sources affects the mechanical and biological behaviour of bone scaffolds. Ann Ital Chir 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
32
|
Zhou T, Gao B, Fan Y, Liu Y, Feng S, Cong Q, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Yadav PS, Lin J, Wu N, Zhao L, Huang D, Zhou S, Su P, Yang Y. Piezo1/2 mediate mechanotransduction essential for bone formation through concerted activation of NFAT-YAP1-ß-catenin. eLife 2020; 9:52779. [PMID: 32186512 PMCID: PMC7112954 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces are fundamental regulators of cell behaviors. However, molecular regulation of mechanotransduction remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the mechanosensitive channels Piezo1 and Piezo2 as key force sensors required for bone development and osteoblast differentiation. Loss of Piezo1, or more severely Piezo1/2, in mesenchymal or osteoblast progenitor cells, led to multiple spontaneous bone fractures in newborn mice due to inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and increased bone resorption. In addition, loss of Piezo1/2 rendered resistant to further bone loss caused by unloading in both bone development and homeostasis. Mechanistically, Piezo1/2 relayed fluid shear stress and extracellular matrix stiffness signals to activate Ca2+ influx to stimulate Calcineurin, which promotes concerted activation of NFATc1, YAP1 and ß-catenin transcription factors by inducing their dephosphorylation as well as NFAT/YAP1/ß-catenin complex formation. Yap1 and ß-catenin activities were reduced in the Piezo1 and Piezo1/2 mutant bones and such defects were partially rescued by enhanced ß-catenin activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taifeng Zhou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Shuhao Feng
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Cong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxing Zhou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Prem S Yadav
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Jiachen Lin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingzi Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fan Y, Jalali A, Chen A, Zhao X, Liu S, Teli M, Guo Y, Li F, Li J, Siegel A, Yang L, Liu J, Na S, Agarwal M, Robling AG, Nakshatri H, Li BY, Yokota H. Skeletal loading regulates breast cancer-associated osteolysis in a loading intensity-dependent fashion. Bone Res 2020; 8:9. [PMID: 32128277 PMCID: PMC7021802 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-0083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes are mechanosensitive bone cells, but little is known about their effects on tumor cells in response to mechanical stimulation. We treated breast cancer cells with osteocyte-derived conditioned medium (CM) and fluid flow-treated conditioned medium (FFCM) with 0.25 Pa and 1 Pa shear stress. Notably, CM and FFCM at 0.25 Pa induced the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), but FFCM at 1 Pa induced the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This suggested that the effects of fluid flow on conditioned media depend on flow intensity. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based evaluation of Src activity and vinculin molecular force showed that osteopontin was involved in EMT and MET switching. A mouse model of tumor-induced osteolysis was tested using dynamic tibia loadings of 1, 2, and 5 N. The low 1 N loading suppressed tumor-induced osteolysis, but this beneficial effect was lost and reversed with loads at 2 and 5 N, respectively. Changing the loading intensities in vivo also led to changes in serum TGFβ levels and the composition of tumor-associated volatile organic compounds in the urine. Collectively, this study demonstrated the critical role of intensity-dependent mechanotransduction and osteopontin in tumor-osteocyte communication, indicating that a biophysical factor can tangibly alter the behaviors of tumor cells in the bone microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fan
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Aydin Jalali
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Andy Chen
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.,Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Shengzhi Liu
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Meghana Teli
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Yunxia Guo
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Fangjia Li
- 4Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Junrui Li
- 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA
| | - Amanda Siegel
- 6Integrative Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Lianxiang Yang
- 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA
| | - Jing Liu
- 4Department of Physics, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Sungsoo Na
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Mangilal Agarwal
- 6Integrative Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- 7Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.,8Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- 9Department of Surgery, Simon Cancer Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- 1Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 China.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.,5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA.,6Integrative Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.,7Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.,8Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Miller MQ, McColl LF, Arul MR, Nip J, Madhu V, Beck G, Mathur K, Sahadeo V, Kerrigan JR, Park SS, Christophel JJ, Dighe AS, Kumbar SG, Cui Q. Assessment of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Activation for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration in a Critical-Sized Rat Mandibular Defect. JAMA FACIAL PLAST SU 2020; 21:110-117. [PMID: 30520953 DOI: 10.1001/jamafacial.2018.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance Osseous craniofacial defects are currently reconstructed with bone grafting, rigid fixation, free tissue transfer, and/or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2. Although these treatment options often have good outcomes, they are associated with substantial morbidity, and many patients are not candidates for free tissue transfer. Objective To assess whether polysaccharide-based scaffold (PS) constructs that are cross-linked with smoothened agonist (SAG), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) would substantially increase bone regeneration. Design, Setting, and Participants This animal model study was conducted at the University of Virginia School of Medicine Cui Laboratory from March 1, 2017, to June 30, 2017. Thirty-three 10-week-old female Lewis rats were acquired for the study. Bilateral nonsegmental critical-sized defects were created in the angle of rat mandibles. The defects were either left untreated or filled with 1 of the 9 PSs. The rats were killed after 8 weeks, and bone regeneration was evaluated using microcomputed tomographic imaging and mechanical testing. Analysis of variance testing was used to compare the treatment groups. Main Outcomes and Measures Blinded analysis and computer analysis of the microcomputed tomographic images were used to assess bone regeneration. Results In the 33 female Lewis rats, minimal healing was observed in the untreated mandibles. Addition of SAG was associated with increases in bone regeneration and bone density in all treatment groups, and maximum bone healing was seen in the group with BMP-6, VEGF, and SAG cross-linked to PS. For each of the 5 no scaffold group vs BMP-6, VEGF, and SAG cross-linked to PS group comparisons, mean defect bone regeneration was 4.14% (95% CI, 0.94%-7.33%) vs 66.19% (95% CI, 54.47%-77.90%); mean bone volume, 14.52 mm3 (95% CI, 13.07-15.97 mm3) vs 20.87 mm3 (95% CI, 14.73- 27.01 mm3); mean bone surface, 68.97 mm2 (95% CI, 60.08-77.85 mm2) vs 96.77 mm2 (95% CI, 76.11-117.43 mm2); mean ratio of bone volume to total volume, 0.11 (95% CI, 0.10-0.11) vs 0.15 (95% CI, 0.10-0.19); and mean connectivity density 0.03 (95% CI, 0.02-0.05) vs 0.32 (95% CI, 0.25-0.38). On mechanical testing, mandibles with untreated defects broke with less force than control mandibles in which no defect was made, although this force did not reach statistical significance. No significant difference in force to fracture was observed among the treatment groups. Conclusions and Relevance In this rat model study, activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway using smoothened agonist was associated with increased craniofacial bone regeneration compared with growth factors alone, including US Food and Drug Administration-approved recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2. Pharmaceuticals that target this pathway may offer a new reconstructive option for bony craniofacial defects as well as nonunion and delayed healing fractures. Level of Evidence NA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Q Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Logan F McColl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Michael R Arul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington
| | - Jonathan Nip
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington
| | - Vedavathi Madhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Gina Beck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kishan Mathur
- Center for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Vashaana Sahadeo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jason R Kerrigan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.,Center for Applied Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Stephen S Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | - Abhijit S Dighe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Sangamesh G Kumbar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Grover K, Hu M, Lin L, Muir J, Qin YX. Functional disuse initiates medullary endosteal micro-architectural impairment in cortical bone characterized by nanoindentation. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:1048-1057. [PMID: 31292723 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of functional disuse-induced bone remodeling on its mechanical properties, individually at periosteum and medullary endosteum regions of the cortical bone. Left middle tibiae were obtained from 5-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats for the baseline control as well as hindlimb suspended (disuse) groups. Micro-nano-mechanical elastic moduli (at lateral region) was evaluated along axial (Z), circumferential (C) and radial (R) orientations using nanoindentation. Results indicated an anisotropic microstructure with axial orientation having the highest and radial orientation with the lowest moduli at periosteum and medullary endosteum for both baseline control as well as disuse groups. Between the groups: at periosteum, an insignificant difference was evaluated for each of the orientations (p > 0.05) and at endosteum, a significant decrease of elastic moduli in the radial (p < 0.0001), circumferential (p < 0.001) and statistically insignificant difference in axial (p > 0.05) orientation. For the moduli ratios between groups: at periosteum, only significant difference in the Z/R (p < 0.05) anisotropy ratio, whereas at endosteum, a statistically significant difference in Z/C (p < 0.001), and Z/R (p < 0.001), as well as C/R (p < 0.05) anisotropy ratios, was evaluated. The results suggested initial bone remodeling impaired bone micro-architecture predominantly at the medullary endosteum with possible alterations in the geometric orientations of collagen and mineral phases inside the bone. The findings could be significant for studying the mechanotransduction pathways involved in maintaining the bone micro-architecture and possibly have high clinical significance for drug use against impairment from functional disuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kartikey Grover
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook University, 215 Bioengineering Building, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Minyi Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook University, 215 Bioengineering Building, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Liangjun Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook University, 215 Bioengineering Building, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Jesse Muir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook University, 215 Bioengineering Building, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Yi-Xian Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SUNY Stony Brook University, 215 Bioengineering Building, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kazimierczak P, Palka K, Przekora A. Development and Optimization of the Novel Fabrication Method of Highly Macroporous Chitosan/Agarose/Nanohydroxyapatite Bone Scaffold for Potential Regenerative Medicine Applications. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E434. [PMID: 31480579 PMCID: PMC6769655 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone scaffolds mimicking the three-dimensional bone structure are of essential importance for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize the production method of highly macroporous bone scaffold composed of polysaccharide matrix (chitosan-agarose) reinforced with nanohydroxyapatite. The highly macroporous structure was obtained by the simultaneous application of a gas-foaming agent and freeze-drying technique. Fabricated variants of biomaterials (produced using different gas-foaming agent and solvent concentrations) were subjected to porosity evaluation and compression test in order to select the scaffold with the best properties. Then, bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and cell growth on the surface of the selected biomaterial were assessed. The obtained results showed that the simultaneous application of gas-foaming and freeze-drying methods allows for the production of biomaterials characterized by high total and open porosity. It was proved that the best porosity is obtained when solvent (CH3COOH) and foaming agent (NaHCO3) are applied at ratio 1:1. Nevertheless, the high porosity of novel biomaterial decreases its mechanical strength as determined by compression test. Importantly, novel scaffold is non-toxic to osteoblasts and favors cell attachment and growth on its surface. All mentioned properties make the novel biomaterial a promising candidate to be used in regenerative medicine in non-load bearing implantation sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kazimierczak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Palka
- Department of Materials Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Przekora
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mechanical Stress Modulates the RANKL/OPG System of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells via α7 nAChR in Human Deciduous Teeth: An In Vitro Study. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5326341. [PMID: 31191674 PMCID: PMC6525817 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5326341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) modulate root resorption of human deciduous teeth under mechanical stress. In this investigation, the PDLSCs were derived from deciduous and permanent teeth at different stages of root resorption. A cyclic hydraulic pressure was applied on the PDLSCs to mimic chewing forces in the oral environment. The cultured cells were characterized using osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting analysis. The PDLSCs exhibited the ability to induce osteoclast differentiation under certain mechanical stresses. As the expressions of RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were significantly reduced, the receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) was upregulated increasing the RANKL/OPG ratio. Under hydrodynamic pressure at 0-135 kPa, the expressions of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChR), p-GSK-3β, and active-β-catenin were markedly upregulated in PDLSCs from unresorbed deciduous teeth. Treatment with the α7 nAChR inhibitor alpha-bungarotoxin (α-BTX) and the Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1 may reverse the mechanical stress inducing upregulation of RANKL and reduction of RUNX2, ALP, and OPG. Alizarin red staining confirmed these results. The mechanical stress applied on the deciduous tooth PDLSCs can induce osteoclastic effects through upregulation of α7 nAChR and activation of the canonical Wnt pathway. It can be suggested that chewing forces may play a major role at the beginning of the physiological root resorption of deciduous teeth.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lin Z, Tang Y, Tan H, Cai D. MicroRNA-92a-1-5p influences osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by regulating β-catenin. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:264-272. [PMID: 30019248 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblastic differentiation is a complex process that is critical for proper bone formation. An increasing number of studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal regulators in various physiological and pathological processes, including osteogenesis. Here, we discuss the influence of miRNA-92a-1-5p on osteogenic differentiation. We found that miR-92a-1-5p was obviously downregulated during osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments revealed that miR-92a-1-5p was a negative regulator of osteogenic differentiation. Experimental validation demonstrated that β-catenin, which acts as a positive regulator of osteogenic differentiation, was negatively regulated by miR-92a1-5p. The findings of this study provide new insights into the possibility of miR-92a1-5p being a potential therapeutic target in the management of bone regeneration-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, number 183, Zhong shan Road West, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Tang
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchang Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People's Republic of China
| | - Daozhang Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, number 183, Zhong shan Road West, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dissaux C, Wagner D, George D, Spingarn C, Rémond Y. Mechanical impairment on alveolar bone graft: A literature review. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2019; 47:149-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
40
|
Kao FC, Chiu PY, Tsai TT, Lin ZH. The application of nanogenerators and piezoelectricity in osteogenesis. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2019; 20:1103-1117. [PMID: 32002085 PMCID: PMC6968561 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2019.1693880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a complex organ possessing both physicomechanical and bioelectrochemical properties. In the view of Wolff's Law, bone can respond to mechanical loading and is subsequently reinforced in the areas of stress. Piezoelectricity is one of several mechanical responses of the bone matrix that allows osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteoprogenitors to react to changes in their environment. The present review details how osteocytes convert external mechanical stimuli into internal bioelectrical signals and the induction of intercellular cytokines from the standpoint of piezoelectricity. In addition, this review introduces piezoelectric and triboelectric materials used as self-powered electrical generators to promote osteogenic proliferation and differentiation due to their electromechanical properties, which could promote the development of promising applications in tissue engineering and bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Cheng Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yeh Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Hong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- CONTACT Zong-Hong Lin Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yang Z, Li K, Liang Q, Zheng G, Zhang S, Lao X, Liang Y, Liao G. Elevated hydrostatic pressure promotes ameloblastoma cell invasion through upregulation of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression via Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. J Oral Pathol Med 2018; 47:836-846. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Kan Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Qian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Guangsen Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Sien Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaomei Lao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Guiqing Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Guanghua School of Stomatology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Manoukian OS, Aravamudhan A, Lee P, Arul MR, Yu X, Rudraiah S, Kumbar SG. Spiral Layer-by-Layer Micro-Nanostructured Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2181-2192. [PMID: 30976659 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This Article reports the fabrication and characterization of composite micro-nanostructured spiral scaffolds functionalized with nanofibers and hydroxyapatite (HA) for bone regeneration. The spiral poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) porous microstructure was coated with sparsely spaced PLGA nanofibers and HA to enhance surface area and bioactivity. Polyelectrolyte-based HA coating in a layer-by-layer (LBL) fashion allowed 10-70 μM Ca2+/mm2 incorporation. These scaffolds provided a controlled release of Ca2+ ions up to 60 days with varied release kinetics accounting up to 10-50 μg. Spiral scaffolds supported superior adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) as compared to controls microstructures. Spiral micro-nanostructures supported homogeneous tissue ingrowth and resulted in bone-island formation in the center of the scaffold as early as 3 weeks in a rabbit ulnar bone defect model. In contrast, control cylindrical scaffolds showed tissue ingrowth only at the surface because of limitations in scaffold transport features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ohan S Manoukian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Aja Aravamudhan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Paul Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Michael R Arul
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point Terrace, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Swetha Rudraiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Saint Joseph, 229 Trumbull St., Hartford Connecticut 06103, United States
| | - Sangamesh G Kumbar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
|
44
|
Sreekumar V, Aspera-Werz R, Ehnert S, Strobel J, Tendulkar G, Heid D, Schreiner A, Arnscheidt C, Nussler AK. Resveratrol protects primary cilia integrity of human mesenchymal stem cells from cigarette smoke to improve osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1525-1538. [PMID: 29264620 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have explored the negative effects of cigarette smoke on bone healing; however, the complex pathogenesis still remains unclear. One crucial and primary factor determining effective fracture repair is the recruitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into bone-forming cells. Recently, primary cilia, microtubule-based sensory organelles, have been shown to be critical in lineage commitment and differentiation of MSCs. Our present study indicates that exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE 0.1-10%) impaired osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell line (SCP-1) and interestingly, also affected primary cilia distribution and integrity in these cells during the differentiation. Furthermore, significant amounts of free radicals generated by CSE could be causative of primary cilia loss since treatment with 0.01% of hydrogen peroxide, a prime free radical in CSE, destroyed primary cilia in these cells. The debilitated differentiation of CSE-exposed SCP-1 cells also correlated with the significantly reduced expression of transcription factor and target genes of primary cilia-specific hedgehog signalling, a key player in osteogenic differentiation. As a treatment strategy, co-incubation of the CSE-exposed SCP-1 cells with the antioxidant resveratrol (1 µM) had a protective effect as it significantly reduced free radical production, protected the primary cilia and enhanced osteogenic differentiation. The current study shows for the first time that cigarette smoke affects primary cilia in human MSCs during osteogenic differentiation and treatment with resveratrol could reverse the effects and enhance differentiation, thus opening up potential therapeutic alternatives to treat fracture healing in smokers, in particularly, when delayed fracture healing is assumed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Sreekumar
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Romina Aspera-Werz
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julius Strobel
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gauri Tendulkar
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Heid
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Schreiner
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Arnscheidt
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas K Nussler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Clinic, Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
George EL, Lin YL, Saunders MM. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a mechanobiology perspective. Bone Rep 2018; 8:104-109. [PMID: 29955628 PMCID: PMC6020112 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a dramatic disintegration of the jaw that affects patients treated with bisphosphonates (BPs) for diseases characterized by bone loss. These diseases are often metastasizing cancers (like multiple myeloma, breast cancer and prostate cancer (Aragon-Ching et al., 2009)) as well as osteoporosis. BRONJ is incompletely understood, although it is believed to arise from a defect in bone remodeling—the intricate process by which sensory osteocytes signal to osteoclasts and osteoblasts to resorb and form bone in response to stimuli. Further, tooth extraction and infection have been overwhelmingly linked to BRONJ (Ikebe, 2013). Because bone cells are highly networked, the importance of multicellular interactions and mechanotransduction during the onset of these risk factors cannot be overstated. As such, this perspective addresses current research on the effects of BPs, mechanical load and inflammation on bone remodeling and on development of BRONJ. Our investigation has led us to conclude that improved in vitro systems capable of adequately recapitulating multicellular communication and incorporating effects of osteocyte mechanosensing on bone resorption and formation are needed to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which BRONJ ensues. Current research on cofactors implicated in BRONJ is reviewed. BPs, load and inflammation work in tandem to contribute to BRONJ. Effects of cofactors on remodeling in the oral cavity are poorly understood. Osteocytes' ability to sense and respond to cofactors is likely central to BRONJ. Research is limited by a lack of multicellular systems integrating mechanosensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estee L George
- The University of Akron, Olson Research Center 319, 302 E. Buchtel Ave., Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marnie M Saunders
- The University of Akron, Olson Research Center 319, 302 E. Buchtel Ave., Akron, OH 44325, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jacob J, More N, Kalia K, Kapusetti G. Piezoelectric smart biomaterials for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:2. [PMID: 29497465 PMCID: PMC5828134 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissues like bone and cartilage are remodeled dynamically for their functional requirements by signaling pathways. The signals are controlled by the cells and extracellular matrix and transmitted through an electrical and chemical synapse. Scaffold-based tissue engineering therapies largely disturb the natural signaling pathways, due to their rigidity towards signal conduction, despite their therapeutic advantages. Thus, there is a high need of smart biomaterials, which can conveniently generate and transfer the bioelectric signals analogous to native tissues for appropriate physiological functions. Piezoelectric materials can generate electrical signals in response to the applied stress. Furthermore, they can stimulate the signaling pathways and thereby enhance the tissue regeneration at the impaired site. The piezoelectric scaffolds can act as sensitive mechanoelectrical transduction systems. Hence, it is applicable to the regions, where mechanical loads are predominant. The present review is mainly concentrated on the mechanism related to the electrical stimulation in a biological system and the different piezoelectric materials suitable for bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaicy Jacob
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, 380054 India
| | - Namdev More
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, 380054 India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, 380054 India
| | - Govinda Kapusetti
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, 380054 India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hazenbiller O, Nasr S, Krawetz RJ, Duncan NA. Effect of mechanical strain on the pluripotency of murine embryonic stem cells seeded in a collagen-I scaffold. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:799-807. [PMID: 28976591 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of embryonic stem cells (ESC) in regenerative medicine is restricted due to the possibility of tumorigenicity after inefficient or incomplete differentiation. Studies from our group, and others, suggest that mechanical stimuli may have a suppressive effect on the pluripotency/tumorigenesis of murine ESC (mESC). Furthermore, we have demonstrated that mESC seeded in a type I collagen scaffold, and transplanted into a murine bone fracture model, demonstrated repair without tumor formation. However, it remains unknown if mechanical factors were involved in blocking tumorigenicity of the mESC. Therefore, the aims of the current study were: (i) to characterize the mechanical environment within the transplanted construct (mESC-Col I) in an in vivo murine fracture model using computational analyses; and (ii) to reproduce this mechanical environment in vitro to elucidate the role of these mechanical factors on mESC pluripotent gene expression. It was predicted that the mESC-Col I construct was subjected to an average octahedral shear strain of ∼3.8% and a compressive strain of ∼3.1% within the fracture in vivo when the murine tibia was subjected to an axial compression load of 4 N (1 Hz). When a similar strain environment was replicated experimentally in vitro, the expression patterns of marker genes for pluripotency (Oct 4, Sox 2, Nanog, Rex 1, and oncogene ERas) were significantly down-regulated. This suggests that the local micro-mechanical environment within the fracture site in vivo may be involved in regulating stem cell fate after transplantation, and that these physical factors should be considered when developing regenerative medicine strategies. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:799-807, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olesja Hazenbiller
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Saghar Nasr
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman J Krawetz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Neil A Duncan
- Departments of Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Echeverry-Rendón M, Galvis O, Aguirre R, Robledo S, Castaño JG, Echeverría F. Modification of titanium alloys surface properties by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and influence on biological response. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:169. [PMID: 28956201 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Surface characteristics can mediate biological interaction improving or affecting the tissue integration after implantation of a biomaterial. Features such as topography, wettability, surface energy and chemistry can be key determinants for interactions between cells and materials. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is a technique used to control this kind of parameters by the addition of chemical species and the production of different morphologies on the surfaces of titanium and its alloys. With the purpose to improve the biological response, surfaces of c.p titanium and Ti6Al4V were modified by using PEO. Different electrolytes, voltages, current densities and anodizing times were tested in order to obtain surfaces with different characteristics. The obtained materials were characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). Wettability of the obtained surfaces were measured and the corresponding surface energies were calculated. Superhydrophilic surfaces with contact angles of about 0 degrees were obtained without any other treatment but PEO and this condition in some cases remains stable after several weeks of anodizing; crystal phase composition (anatase-rutile) of the anodic surface appears to be critical for obtaining this property. Finally, in order to verify the biological effect of these surfaces, osteoblast were seeded on the samples. It was found that cell behavior improves as SFE (surface free energy) and coating porosity increases whereas it is affected negatively by roughness. Techniques for surface modification allow changes in the coatings such as surface energy, roughness and porosity. As a consequence of this, biological response can be altered. In this paper, surfaces of c.p Ti and Ti6Al4V were modified by using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in order to accelerate the cell adhesion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Echeverry-Rendón
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Oscar Galvis
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Robinson Aguirre
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sara Robledo
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Guillermo Castaño
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Félix Echeverría
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo de Materiales CIDEMAT, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bioreactor as a New Resource of Autologous Bone Graft to Overcome Bone Defect In Vivo. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-017-9237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
50
|
Al-Jabri T, Tan JYQ, Tong GY, Shenoy R, Kayani B, Parratt T, Khan T. The role of electrical stimulation in the management of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in adults: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:319. [PMID: 28754159 PMCID: PMC5534113 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avascular necrosis of the femoral head causes significant morbidity and occurs in up to 20,000 people per year. A variety of nonoperative and operative measures have been trialled however a definitive treatment algorithm is yet to be established. Young adults in many cases have undergone multiple surgical procedures in their lifetime with increasing risks of complications. Less invasive techniques may help reduce the number of operations required and positively influence the natural history of the disease process. Our aim was to navigate the literature and examine the results of electrical stimulation of the femoral head in avascular necrosis. METHODS The following defined search strategy was used to perform a systematic review using MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases: ((avascular necrosis) OR (osteonecrosis)) AND (femoral head) AND ((electrical stimulation) OR (capacitive coupling) OR (pulsed electromagnetic fields)). Articles were reviewed and data compiled into tables for analysis. RESULTS Fourty six articles were identified with a total of 10 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. 8 articles were prospective studies and 2 were retrospective. Early Ficat stages showed the best responses to treatment via pulsed electromagnetic fields with improvements in both clinical and radiographic parameters. Direct current and capacitative coupling have had a more ambiguous outcome. CONCLUSIONS Pulsed electromagnetic fields may have a role in the management of early avascular necrosis. The paucity of clinical studies into this technique indicates a need for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talal Al-Jabri
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK.
| | | | | | - Ravikiran Shenoy
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Babar Kayani
- Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond St, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Timothy Parratt
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Tahir Khan
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| |
Collapse
|