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Liu R, Chu W, Liu X, Hong J, Wang H. Establishment of Golgi apparatus-related genes signature to predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response in gastric cancer patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37439. [PMID: 38489711 PMCID: PMC10939665 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in intracellular protein transportation, processing, and sorting. Dysfunctions of the Golgi apparatus have been implicated in tumorigenesis and drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic and treatment response assessment value of Golgi apparatus-related gene (GARGs) features in gastric cancer patients. Transcriptome data and clinical information of gastric cancer patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Cox regression analysis was employed to assess the prognostic significance of GARGs and construct risk features. The immune landscape, drug sensitivity, immune therapy response, gene expression patterns, and somatic mutation characteristics were analyzed between different risk groups. A nomogram model for predicting gastric cancer prognosis was developed and evaluated. Among 1643 GARGs examined, 365 showed significant associations with gastric cancer prognosis. Five independent prognostic GARGs (NGF, ABCG1, CHAC1, GBA2, PCSK7) were selected to construct risk features for gastric cancer patients. These risk features effectively stratified patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, with the former exhibiting worse prognosis than the latter. Patients in the high-risk group displayed higher levels of immune cell infiltration, while the expression levels of NGF, CHAC1, GBA2, PCSK7 were significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration. Notably, the low-risk group exhibited higher sensitivity to epothilone.B, metformin, and tipifarnib compared to the high-risk group. Moreover, patients in the low-risk group demonstrated greater responsiveness to immune therapy than those in the high-risk group. In terms of biological processes and KEGG pathways related to immunity regulation, significant suppression was observed in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group; meanwhile cell cycle pathways exhibited significant activation in the high-risk group. Furthermore, the low-risk group exhibited a higher tumor mutation burden compared to the high-risk group. The risk features derived from GARGs, in conjunction with age, were identified as independent risk factors for gastric cancer. The nomogram incorporating these factors demonstrated improved performance in predicting gastric cancer prognosis. Our study established risk features derived from GARGs that hold potential clinical utility in prognostic assessment and immune therapy response evaluation of gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiming Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Jiang B, Qiu M, Qin L, Tang J, Zhan S, Lin Q, Wei J, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Liang X, Cao J, Lian J, Mai Y, Jiang Y, Yu H. Associations between genetic variants in sphingolipid metabolism pathway genes and hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma survival. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1252158. [PMID: 38260847 PMCID: PMC10801735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1252158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although the sphingolipid metabolism pathway is known to play a significant role in tumor progression, there have been few studies on how genetic variants in the sphingolipid metabolism pathway genes affect the survival of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We utilized available genotyping data to conduct multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis, examining the associations of 12,188 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 86 sphingolipid metabolism pathway genes on the survival of 866 HBV-HCC patients, and the model was also used in additive interaction analysis. We used bioinformatics functional prediction and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis to explore the potential functions of SNPs and to evaluate the association of SNPs with the corresponding mRNA expression, respectively. We also used the online database TIMER2.0 (http://timer.comp-genomics.org/) to analyze the relationship between the corresponding mRNA expression levels and immune cell infiltration. Results Our study found that GBA2 rs1570247 G>A was significantly associated with elevated survival of HBV-HCC patients [(hazards ratio (HR)=0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.64-0.86, P<0.001)]. And on an additive scale, a synergistic effect was observed between the GG genotype of rs1570247 and advanced BCLC stage. Among HBV-HCC patients with advanced BCLC stage, those carrying the GBA2 rs1570247 GG genotype exhibited a significantly elevated risk of mortality (HR=3.32, 95%CI=2.45-4.50). Further functional prediction and eQTL analysis revealed that rs1570247 were located in the 5' untranslated region of the GBA2, the A allele of SNP rs1570247 was associated with higher mRNA expression levels of GBA2 in normal liver tissues (P=0.009). Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between GBA2 mRNA expression and the infiltration level of B lymphocytes cell (R=0.331, P<0.001), while a negative correlation was noted between GBA2 mRNA expression and the infiltration level of macrophage M2 in HCC (R=-0.383, P<0.001). Conclusion Our findings suggest that GBA2 rs1570247 G>A in sphingolipid metabolism pathway may be a key factor for survival of HBV-HCC patients by regulating the expression of corresponding genes and affecting the infiltration level of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Jiang
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Moqin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Liming Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingmei Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shicheng Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuling Lin
- Department of Clinical Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Junjie Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiumei Liang
- Department of Disease Process Management, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jiawei Lian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuejiao Mai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanji Jiang
- Department of Scientific Research Dept, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hongping Yu
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Health Commission, Key Cultivated Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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3
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Paquet Luzy C, Doppler E, Polasek TM, Giorgino R. First-in-human single-dose study of nizubaglustat, a dual inhibitor of ceramide glucosyltransferase and non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase: Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single ascending and multiple doses in healthy adults. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 141:108113. [PMID: 38113551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Nizubaglustat is a novel, orally available, brain penetrant, potent, and selective dual inhibitor of ceramide glucosyltranferase and non-lysosomal neutral glucosylceramidase (NLGase), which is currently under development for the treatment of subjects with neurological manifestations in primary and secondary gangliosidoses. The objectives of this first-in-human study were to evaluate the safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics (PD) of single oral doses of nizubaglustat after single (1, 3, and 9 mg) and multiple oral doses (9 mg once per day (QD) over 14 days) in healthy adults. Nizubaglustat was rapidly absorbed and systemic exposure was dose-proportional. Steady-state was achieved after three days of QD multiple dosing with minimal accumulation. Renal clearance accounted for around 15% of nizubaglustat elimination. Following multiple dosing, plasma concentrations of glucosylceramide (GlcCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer), and monosialodihexosylganglioside (GM3) decreased to a nadir at Day 10. PD target engagement of GCS inhibition was shown by a median decrease from baseline of plasma concentrations of GlcCer, LacCer, and GM3 ganglioside by 70%, 50%, and 48%, respectively. NLGase inhibition was also manifested by increased concentrations of GlcCer in cerebrospinal fluid from Day 1 to Day 14. Nizubaglustat was safe and well-tolerated at all doses tested. Consistent with the high selectivity, and the absence of intestinal disaccharidases inhibition, no cases of diarrhea were reported. No decreased appetite or weight loss was noted. Only treatment-emergent adverse events with preferred terms belonging to the system organ class skin and subcutaneous disorders of mild intensity were reported as drug-related in the nizubaglustat arm, in line with the pharmacological mechanism targeting glucosylceramide metabolism. Taken together, these data support QD dosing of nizubaglustat and its ongoing development in patients with primary and secondary forms of gangliosidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas M Polasek
- Principal Investigator, CMAX Research Phase 1 Unit, Ground Floor 21-24 North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, SA, Australia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Port Rd, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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4
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Inokuchi JI, Go S, Hirabayashi Y. Synthesis of O-Linked Glycoconjugates in the Nervous System. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:95-116. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Ablation of Acid Ceramidase Impairs Autophagy and Mitochondria Activity in Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063247. [PMID: 33806766 PMCID: PMC8004726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is often resistant to therapy due to its high plasticity, as well as its ability to metabolise chemotherapeutic drugs. Sphingolipid signalling plays a pivotal role in its progression and metastasis. One of the ways melanoma alters sphingolipid rheostat is via over-expression of lysosomal acid ceramidase (AC), which catalyses the hydrolysis of pro-apoptotic long-chain ceramides into sphingosine and fatty acid. In this report, we examine the role of acid ceramidase in maintaining cellular homeostasis through the regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial activity in melanoma cell lines. We show that under baseline conditions, wild-type melanoma cells had 3-fold higher levels of the autophagy marker, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3 II), compared to AC-null cells. This difference was further magnified after cell starvation. Moreover, we noticed autophagy impairment in A375 AC-null cells, possibly due to local accumulation of non-metabolized ceramides. Nonetheless, we observed that AC-null cells exhibited a significant increase in mitochondrial membrane potential compared to control cells. Consistent with this observation, we found that, after total starvation, ~30% of AC-null cells undergo apoptosis compared to ~6% of wild-type cells. As expected, AC transfection restored viability in A375 AC-null cells. Together, these findings suggest that AC-null melanoma cells change and adapt their metabolism to survive in the absence of AC, although in a way that does not allow them to cope with the stress of nutrient deprivation.
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6
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Montfort A, Bertrand F, Rochotte J, Gilhodes J, Filleron T, Milhès J, Dufau C, Imbert C, Riond J, Tosolini M, Clarke CJ, Dufour F, Constantinescu AA, Junior NDF, Garcia V, Record M, Cordelier P, Brousset P, Rochaix P, Silvente-Poirot S, Therville N, Andrieu-Abadie N, Levade T, Hannun YA, Benoist H, Meyer N, Micheau O, Colacios C, Ségui B. Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 Heightens Anti-Melanoma Immune Responses and Anti-PD-1 Therapy Efficacy. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 9:568-582. [PMID: 33727246 PMCID: PMC9631340 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of lipid metabolism affects the behavior of cancer cells, but how this happens is not completely understood. Neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2), encoded by SMPD3, catalyzes the breakdown of sphingomyelin to produce the anti-oncometabolite ceramide. We found that this enzyme was often downregulated in human metastatic melanoma, likely contributing to immune escape. Overexpression of nSMase2 in mouse melanoma reduced tumor growth in syngeneic wild-type but not CD8-deficient mice. In wild-type mice, nSMase2-overexpressing tumors showed accumulation of both ceramide and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and this was associated with increased level of transcripts encoding IFNγ and CXCL9. Overexpressing the catalytically inactive nSMase2 failed to alter tumor growth, indicating that the deleterious effect nSMase2 has on melanoma growth depends on its enzymatic activity. In vitro, small extracellular vesicles from melanoma cells overexpressing wild-type nSMase2 augmented the expression of IL12, CXCL9, and CCL19 by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, suggesting that melanoma nSMase2 triggers T helper 1 (Th1) polarization in the earliest stages of the immune response. Most importantly, overexpression of wild-type nSMase2 increased anti-PD-1 efficacy in murine models of melanoma and breast cancer, and this was associated with an enhanced Th1 response. Therefore, increasing SMPD3 expression in melanoma may serve as an original therapeutic strategy to potentiate Th1 polarization and CD8+ T-cell-dependent immune responses and overcome resistance to anti-PD-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Montfort
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Florie Bertrand
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Julia Rochotte
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Julia Gilhodes
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer (IUCT-O), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean Milhès
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Dufau
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Imbert
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Joëlle Riond
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, New York
| | - Florent Dufour
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,UFR Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Andrei A Constantinescu
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,UFR Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Nilton De França Junior
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,UFR Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Virginie Garcia
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Record
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations," Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier/ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Cordelier
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Brousset
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Institut Universitaire du Cancer (IUCT-O), Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Rochaix
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Institut Universitaire du Cancer (IUCT-O), Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations," Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), UMR1037 Inserm/Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier/ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicole Therville
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York, New York
| | - Hervé Benoist
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Institut Universitaire du Cancer (IUCT-O), Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Micheau
- INSERM, UMR1231, Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,UFR Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Dijon, France
| | - Céline Colacios
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France. .,Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Structure, metabolism and biological functions of steryl glycosides in mammals. Biochem J 2021; 477:4243-4261. [PMID: 33186452 PMCID: PMC7666875 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Steryl glycosides (SGs) are sterols glycosylated at their 3β-hydroxy group. They are widely distributed in plants, algae, and fungi, but are relatively rare in bacteria and animals. Glycosylation of sterols, resulting in important components of the cell membrane SGs, alters their biophysical properties and confers resistance against stress by freezing or heat shock to cells. Besides, many biological functions in animals have been suggested from the observations of SG administration. Recently, cholesteryl glucosides synthesized via the transglycosidation by glucocerebrosidases (GBAs) were found in the central nervous system of animals. Identification of patients with congenital mutations in GBA genes or availability of respective animal models will enable investigation of the function of such endogenously synthesized cholesteryl glycosides by genetic approaches. In addition, mechanisms of the host immune responses against pathogenic bacterial SGs have partially been resolved. This review is focused on the biological functions of SGs in mammals taking into consideration their therapeutic applications in the future.
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Melchior M, Dingemanse J, Alatrach A, Feldkamp T, Sidharta PN, Géhin M. Effect of Renal Function Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of the Iminosugar Sinbaglustat. J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 61:932-938. [PMID: 33368330 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sinbaglustat (ACT-519276), a brain-penetrating inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase and nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase, is developed as a new therapy for lysosomal storage disorders. In the first-in-human study, sinbaglustat was primarily excreted unchanged in urine. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mild, moderate, and severe renal function impairment on the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of sinbaglustat. In this single-center, open-label study, 32 subjects (8 per renal function group, assessed by the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and 8 healthy subjects) received a single oral dose of 200 mg sinbaglustat. Plasma PK parameters of sinbaglustat were derived by noncompartmental analysis. Standard safety and tolerability evaluations were analyzed descriptively. When compared with healthy subjects, Cmax did not present clinically relevant differences in subjects with impaired renal function, but median tmax was slightly longer in subjects with moderate and severe renal function impairment. Overall, when compared with healthy subjects, exposure to sinbaglustat based on AUC0-t (geometric mean and 90% confidence interval) increased in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe renal function impairment by 1.2-fold (1.08- to 1.36-fold), 1.8-fold (1.47- to 2.17-fold), and 2.6-fold (2.23- to 3.00-fold), respectively. There were no clinically relevant findings on electrocardiogram, vital signs, and clinical laboratory variables. Headache was reported by 2 of 24 subjects with renal function impairment and by 2 of 8 healthy subjects. In conclusion, 200 mg of sinbaglustat was well tolerated in all groups. In future studies, a 2- and 3-fold dose reduction is needed for subjects with moderate and severe renal function impairment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meggane Melchior
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Thorsten Feldkamp
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patricia N Sidharta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Martine Géhin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
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Effect of Expression of Human Glucosylceramidase 2 Isoforms on Lipid Profiles in COS-7 Cells. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120488. [PMID: 33261081 PMCID: PMC7761373 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramide (GlcCer) is a major membrane lipid and the precursor of gangliosides. GlcCer is mainly degraded by two enzymes, lysosomal acid β-glucosidase (GBA) and nonlysosomal β-glucosidase (GBA2), which may have different isoforms because of alternative splicing. To understand which GBA2 isoforms are active and how they affect glycosphingolipid levels in cells, we expressed nine human GBA2 isoforms in COS-7 cells, confirmed their expression by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, and assayed their activity to hydrolyze 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4MUG) in cell extracts. Human GBA2 isoform 1 showed high activity, while the other isoforms had activity similar to the background. Comparison of sphingolipid levels by ultra-high resolution/accurate mass spectrometry (UHRAMS) analysis showed that isoform 1 overexpression increased ceramide and decreased hexosylceramide levels. Comparison of ratios of glucosylceramides to the corresponding ceramides in the extracts indicated that GBA2 isoform 1 has broad specificity for the lipid component of glucosylceramide, suggesting that only one GBA2 isoform 1 is active and affects sphingolipid levels in the cell. Our study provides new insights into how increased breakdown of GlcCer affects cellular lipid metabolic networks.
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10
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Gehin M, Melchior M, Welford RWD, Sidharta PN, Dingemanse J. Assessment of Target Engagement in a First-in-Human Trial with Sinbaglustat, an Iminosugar to Treat Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 14:558-567. [PMID: 33142037 PMCID: PMC7993281 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this first-in-human study, the tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of single and multiple oral doses of sinbaglustat, a dual inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) and non-lysosomal glucosyl ceramidase (GBA2), were investigated in healthy subjects. The single-ascending dose (SAD) and multiple-ascending dose (MAD) studies were randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled. Single doses from 10 to 2,000 mg in men and multiple doses from 30 to 1,000 mg twice daily for 7 days in male and female subjects were investigated. Tolerability, PK, and PD data were collected up to 3 days after (last) treatment administration and analyzed descriptively. Sinbaglustat was well-tolerated in the SAD and MAD studies, however, at the highest dose of the MAD, three of the four female subjects presented a similar pattern of general symptoms. In all cohorts, sinbaglustat was rapidly absorbed. Thereafter, plasma concentrations decreased biphasically. In the MAD study, steady-state conditions were reached on Day 2 without accumulation. During sinbaglustat treatment, plasma concentrations of glucosylceramide (GlcCer), lactosylceramide, and globotriaosylceramide decreased in a dose-dependent manner, reflecting GCS inhibition. The more complex the glycosphingolipid, the more time was required to elicit PD changes. After treatment stop, GlcCer levels returned to baseline and increased above baseline at lowest doses, probably due to the higher potency of sinbaglustat on GBA2 compared to GCS. Overall, sinbaglustat was welltolerated up to the highest tested doses. The PK profile is compatible with b.i.d. dosing. Sinbaglustat demonstrated target engagement in the periphery for GCS and GBA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Gehin
- Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Meggane Melchior
- Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Richard W D Welford
- Drug Discovery, Translational Biomarkers, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Jasper Dingemanse
- Clinical Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
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11
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Carrié L, Virazels M, Dufau C, Montfort A, Levade T, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N. New Insights into the Role of Sphingolipid Metabolism in Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:E1967. [PMID: 32858889 PMCID: PMC7565650 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a deadly skin cancer whose aggressiveness is directly linked to its metastatic potency. Despite remarkable breakthroughs in term of treatments with the emergence of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the prognosis for metastatic patients remains uncertain mainly because of resistances. Better understanding the mechanisms responsible for melanoma progression is therefore essential to uncover new therapeutic targets. Interestingly, the sphingolipid metabolism is dysregulated in melanoma and is associated with melanoma progression and resistance to treatment. This review summarises the impact of the sphingolipid metabolism on melanoma from the initiation to metastatic dissemination with emphasis on melanoma plasticity, immune responses and resistance to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorry Carrié
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Mathieu Virazels
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Carine Dufau
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Anne Montfort
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Thierry Levade
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC, Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm 1037, 2 avenue Hubert Curien, CS 53717, 31037 Toulouse CEDEX 1, France; (L.C.); (M.V.); (C.D.); (A.M.); (T.L.); (B.S.)
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12
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Coazzoli M, Napoli A, Roux-Biejat P, De Palma C, Moscheni C, Catalani E, Zecchini S, Conte V, Giovarelli M, Caccia S, Procacci P, Cervia D, Clementi E, Perrotta C. Acid Sphingomyelinase Downregulation Enhances Mitochondrial Fusion and Promotes Oxidative Metabolism in a Mouse Model of Melanoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040848. [PMID: 32244541 PMCID: PMC7226741 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most severe type of skin cancer. Its unique and heterogeneous metabolism, relying on both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, allows it to adapt to disparate conditions. Mitochondrial function is strictly interconnected with mitochondrial dynamics and both are fundamental in tumour progression and metastasis. The malignant phenotype of melanoma is also regulated by the expression levels of the enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (A-SMase). By modulating at transcriptional level A-SMase in the melanoma cell line B16-F1 cells, we assessed the effect of enzyme downregulation on mitochondrial dynamics and function. Our results demonstrate that A-SMase influences mitochondrial morphology by affecting the expression of mitofusin 1 and OPA1. The enhanced expression of the two mitochondrial fusion proteins, observed when A-SMase is expressed at low levels, correlates with the increase of mitochondrial function via the stimulation of the genes PGC-1alpha and TFAM, two genes that preside over mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, the reduction of A-SMase expression, observed in malignant melanomas, may determine their metastatic behaviour through the stimulation of mitochondrial fusion, activity and biogenesis, conferring a metabolic advantage to melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Coazzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessandra Napoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “Luigi Sacco”-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, 20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Paulina Roux-Biejat
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Clara De Palma
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy;
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Conte
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Sonia Caccia
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Patrizia Procacci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (E.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Emilio Clementi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
- Scientific Institute IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (M.C.); (A.N.); (P.R.-B.); (C.M.); (S.Z.); (M.G.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (C.P.)
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13
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Bennett MK, Wallington-Beddoe CT, Pitson SM. Sphingolipids and the unfolded protein response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1483-1494. [PMID: 31176037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a response by the endoplasmic reticulum to stress, classically caused by any disruption to cell homeostasis that results in an accumulation in unfolded proteins. However, there is an increasing body of research demonstrating that the UPR can also be activated by changes in lipid homeostasis, including changes in sphingolipid metabolism. Sphingolipids are a family of bioactive lipids with important roles in both the formation and integrity of cellular membranes, and regulation of key cellular processes, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Bi-directional interactions between sphingolipids and the UPR have now been observed in a range of diseases, including cancer, diabetes and liver disease. Determining how these two key cellular components influence each other could play an important role in deciphering the causes of these diseases and potentially reveal new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Bennett
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Craig T Wallington-Beddoe
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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14
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Bilal F, Montfort A, Gilhodes J, Garcia V, Riond J, Carpentier S, Filleron T, Colacios C, Levade T, Daher A, Meyer N, Andrieu-Abadie N, Ségui B. Sphingomyelin Synthase 1 (SMS1) Downregulation Is Associated With Sphingolipid Reprogramming and a Worse Prognosis in Melanoma. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:443. [PMID: 31114500 PMCID: PMC6503817 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid (SL) metabolism alterations have been frequently reported in cancer including in melanoma, a bad-prognosis skin cancer. In normal cells, de novo synthesized ceramide is mainly converted to sphingomyelin (SM), the most abundant SL, by sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1) and, albeit to a lesser extent, SMS2, encoded by the SGMS1 and SGMS2 genes, respectively. Alternatively, ceramide can be converted to glucosylceramide (GlcCer) by the GlcCer synthase (GCS), encoded by the UGCG gene. Herein, we provide evidence for the first time that SMS1 is frequently downregulated in various solid cancers, more particularly in melanoma. Accordingly, various human melanoma cells displayed a SL metabolism signature associated with (i) a robust and a low expression of UGCG and SGMS1/2, respectively, (ii) higher in situ enzyme activity of GCS than SMS, and (iii) higher intracellular levels of GlcCer than SM. SMS1 was expressed at low levels in most of the human melanoma biopsies. In addition, several mutations and increased CpG island methylation in the SGMS1 gene were identified that likely affect SMS1 expression. Finally, low SMS1 expression was associated with a worse prognosis in metastatic melanoma patients. Collectively, our study indicates that SMS1 downregulation in melanoma enhances GlcCer synthesis, triggering an imbalance in the SM/GlcCer homeostasis, which likely contributes to melanoma progression. Evaluating SMS1 expression level in tumor samples might serve as a biomarker to predict clinical outcome in advanced melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Bilal
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Ecole Doctorale de Sciences et Technologies, Université Libanaise, Beirut, Lebanon.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Montfort
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Virginie Garcia
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Joëlle Riond
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Carpentier
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Céline Colacios
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Purpan, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Ahmad Daher
- Ecole Doctorale de Sciences et Technologies, Université Libanaise, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- INSERM UMR 1037, CRCT, Toulouse, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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15
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Garandeau D, Noujarède J, Leclerc J, Imbert C, Garcia V, Bats ML, Rambow F, Gilhodes J, Filleron T, Meyer N, Brayer S, Arcucci S, Tartare-Deckert S, Ségui B, Marine JC, Levade T, Bertolotto C, Andrieu-Abadie N. Targeting the Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Axis Exerts Potent Antitumor Activity in BRAFi-Resistant Melanomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 18:289-300. [PMID: 30482853 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) are used to treat patients with melanoma harboring the V600E mutation. However, resistance to BRAFi is inevitable. Here, we identified sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors as regulators of BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma cell-autonomous resistance to BRAFi. Moreover, our results reveal a distinct sphingolipid profile, that is, a tendency for increased very long-chain ceramide species, in the plasma of patients with melanoma who achieve a response to BRAFi therapy as compared with patients with progressive disease. Treatment with BRAFi resulted in a strong decrease in S1PR1/3 expression in sensitive but not in resistant cells. Genetic and pharmacologic interventions, that increase ceramide/S1P ratio, downregulated S1PR expression and blocked BRAFi-resistant melanoma cell growth. This effect was associated with a decreased expression of MITF and Bcl-2. Moreover, the BH3 mimetic ABT-737 improved the antitumor activity of approaches targeting S1P-metabolizing enzymes in BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that targeting the S1P/S1PR axis could provide effective therapeutic options for patients with melanoma who relapse after BRAFi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Garandeau
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Noujarède
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Leclerc
- Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Inserm, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Caroline Imbert
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Garcia
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Lise Bats
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Julia Gilhodes
- Bureau des essais cliniques, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Filleron
- Bureau des essais cliniques, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Meyer
- Service de Dermatologie-Oncologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Brayer
- Service de Dermatologie-Oncologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopôle, Toulouse, France
| | - Silvia Arcucci
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Tartare-Deckert
- Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Inserm, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Thierry Levade
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, CHU Toulouse, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Inserm, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Inserm, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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16
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Wallington-Beddoe CT, Bennett MK, Vandyke K, Davies L, Zebol JR, Moretti PAB, Pitman MR, Hewett DR, Zannettino ACW, Pitson SM. Sphingosine kinase 2 inhibition synergises with bortezomib to target myeloma by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43602-43616. [PMID: 28467788 PMCID: PMC5546428 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has proven to be invaluable in the treatment of myeloma. By exploiting the inherent high immunoglobulin protein production of malignant plasma cells, bortezomib induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR), resulting in myeloma cell death. In most cases, however, the disease remains incurable highlighting the need for new therapeutic targets. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SK2) has been proposed as one such therapeutic target for myeloma. Our observations that bortezomib and SK2 inhibitors independently elicited induction of ER stress and the UPR prompted us to examine potential synergy between these agents in myeloma. Targeting SK2 synergistically contributed to ER stress and UPR activation induced by bortezomib, as evidenced by activation of the IRE1 pathway and stress kinases JNK and p38MAPK, thereby resulting in potent synergistic myeloma apoptosis in vitro. The combination of bortezomib and SK2 inhibition also exhibited strong in vivo synergy and favourable effects on bone disease. Therefore, our studies suggest that perturbations of sphingolipid signalling can synergistically enhance the effects seen with proteasome inhibition, highlighting the potential for the combination of these two modes of increasing ER stress to be formally evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of myeloma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Wallington-Beddoe
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melissa K Bennett
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kate Vandyke
- SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lorena Davies
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julia R Zebol
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul A B Moretti
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melissa R Pitman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Duncan R Hewett
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Australia
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17
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Evidence for the Involvement of Lipid Rafts and Plasma Membrane Sphingolipid Hydrolases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection of Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1730245. [PMID: 29333001 PMCID: PMC5733190 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1730245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal genetic recessive disease caused by mutations of gene encoding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Patients with CF display a wide spectrum of symptoms, the most severe being chronic lung infection and inflammation, which lead to onset of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Several studies indicate that sphingolipids play a regulatory role in airway inflammation. The inhibition and downregulation of GBA2, the enzyme catabolizing glucosylceramide to ceramide, are associated with a significant reduction of IL-8 production in CF bronchial epithelial cells. Herein, we demonstrate that GBA2 plays a role in the proinflammatory state characterizing CF cells. We also report for the first time that Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection causes a recruitment of plasma membrane-associated glycosphingolipid hydrolases into lipid rafts of CuFi-1-infected cells. This reorganization of cell membrane may be responsible for activation of a signaling cascade, culminating in aberrant inflammatory response in CF bronchial epithelial cells upon bacterial infection. Taken together, the presented data further support the role of sphingolipids and their metabolic enzymes in controlling the inflammatory response in CF.
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A novel function for glucocerebrosidase as a regulator of sterylglucoside metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2507-2514. [PMID: 28596107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sterols are major cell membrane lipids, and in many organisms they are modified with glucose to generate sterylglucosides. Glucosylation dramatically changes the functional properties of sterols. The formation of sterylglucosides from sterols in plants, fungi, and bacteria uses UDP-glucose as a glucose donor. By contrast, sterylglucoside biosynthesis in mammals is catalyzed by the transglucosylation activity of glucocerebrosidases, with glucosylceramide acting as the glucose donor. Recent success in isolation and structural determination of sterylglucosides in the vertebrate central nervous system shows that transglucosylation also occurs in vivo. These analyses also revealed that sterylglucoside aglycons are composed of several cholesterol-related metabolites, including a plant-type sitosteryl. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss the biological functions and metabolism of sterylglucosides. We also summarize new findings from studies on the metabolism of vertebrate sterylglucosides and review the circumstances underlying the recent discovery of sterylglucosides in vertebrate brain. Finally, we discuss the role of sterylglucosides in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders such as Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The biological significance of UDP-glucose-independent sterol glucosylation is still unknown, but it is plausible that glucosylation may provide sterols with novel biological functions. Even though sterol glucosylation is a simple reaction, it can dramatically change the physical properties of sterols. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Sterylglucosides may play roles in various physiological processes and in the pathogenesis of different diseases. Arriving at a better understanding of them at the organ and cellular level may open up new approaches to developing therapeutics for a variety of diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuro-glycoscience, edited by Kenji Kadomatsu and Hiroshi Kitagawa.
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Mrad M, Imbert C, Garcia V, Rambow F, Therville N, Carpentier S, Ségui B, Levade T, Azar R, Marine JC, Diab-Assaf M, Colacios C, Andrieu-Abadie N. Downregulation of sphingosine kinase-1 induces protective tumor immunity by promoting M1 macrophage response in melanoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:71873-71886. [PMID: 27708249 PMCID: PMC5342129 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The infiltration of melanoma tumors by macrophages is often correlated with poor prognosis. However, the molecular signals that regulate the dialogue between malignant cells and the inflammatory microenvironment remain poorly understood. We previously reported an increased expression of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1), which produces the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), in melanoma. The present study aimed at defining the role of tumor SK1 in the recruitment and differentiation of macrophages in melanoma. Herein, we show that downregulation of SK1 in melanoma cells causes a reduction in the percentage of CD206highMHCIIlow M2 macrophages in favor of an increased proportion of CD206lowMHCIIhigh M1 macrophages into the tumor. This macrophage differentiation orchestrates T lymphocyte recruitment as well as tumor rejection through the expression of Th1 cytokines and chemokines. In vitro experiments indicated that macrophage migration is triggered by the binding of tumor S1P to S1PR1 receptors present on macrophages whereas macrophage differentiation is stimulated by SK1-induced secretion of TGF-β1. Finally, RNA-seq analysis of human melanoma tumors revealed a positive correlation between SK1 and TGF-β1 expression. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that melanoma SK1 plays a key role in the recruitment and phenotypic shift of the tumor macrophages that promote melanoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Mrad
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Molecular Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Pharmacology, EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Caroline Imbert
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Garcia
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nicole Therville
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Carpentier
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Ségui
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Rania Azar
- Molecular Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Pharmacology, EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | | | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Molecular Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Pharmacology, EDST, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Céline Colacios
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- Université de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
- Inserm 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2013, Toulouse, France
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20
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Charoenwattanasatien R, Pengthaisong S, Breen I, Mutoh R, Sansenya S, Hua Y, Tankrathok A, Wu L, Songsiriritthigul C, Tanaka H, Williams S, Davies GJ, Kurisu G, Cairns JRK. Bacterial β-Glucosidase Reveals the Structural and Functional Basis of Genetic Defects in Human Glucocerebrosidase 2 (GBA2). ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1891-900. [PMID: 27115290 PMCID: PMC4949581 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human glucosylcerebrosidase 2 (GBA2) of the CAZy family GH116 is responsible for the breakdown of glycosphingolipids on the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Genetic defects in GBA2 result in spastic paraplegia and cerebellar ataxia, while cross-talk between GBA2 and GBA1 glucosylceramidases may affect Gaucher disease. Here, we report the first three-dimensional structure for any GH116 enzyme, Thermoanaerobacterium xylanolyticum TxGH116 β-glucosidase, alone and in complex with diverse ligands. These structures allow identification of the glucoside binding and active site residues, which are shown to be conserved with GBA2. Mutagenic analysis of TxGH116 and structural modeling of GBA2 provide a detailed structural and functional rationale for pathogenic missense mutations of GBA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Charoenwattanasatien
- Institute
for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan,School
of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree
Univerity of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand,Center
for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Salila Pengthaisong
- School
of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree
Univerity of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand,Center
for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Imogen Breen
- Structural
Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Risa Mutoh
- Institute
for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sompong Sansenya
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rajamangala
University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Yanling Hua
- Center
for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand,Center for
Scientific and Technological Equipment, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Anupong Tankrathok
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin 46000, Thailand
| | - Liang Wu
- Structural
Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Chomphunuch Songsiriritthigul
- Center
for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand,Synchrotron
Light Research Institute, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Institute
for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Spencer
J. Williams
- School
of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gideon J. Davies
- Structural
Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom,Tel.: +44 1904 322511. Fax: +44 1904 322516. E-mail:
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Institute
for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan,Tel.: +81 6-6879-8604. Fax: +81-6-6879-8606. E-mail:
| | - James R. Ketudat Cairns
- School
of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree
Univerity of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand,Center
for Biomolecular Structure, Function and Application, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand,Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand,Tel.: +66 44
224304. Fax: +66 44 224185. E-mail:
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21
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Astudillo L, Therville N, Colacios C, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Levade T. Glucosylceramidases and malignancies in mammals. Biochimie 2016; 125:267-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Yang J, Yang C, Zhang S, Mei Z, Shi M, Sun S, Shi L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Li Z, Xie C. ABC294640, a sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor, enhances the antitumor effects of TRAIL in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 16:1194-204. [PMID: 26054751 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1056944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidences suggest that tumor microenvironment may play an important role in cancer drug resistance. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) is proposed to be the key regulator of sphingolipid signaling. This study is aimed to investigate whether the combination of molecular targeting therapy using a specific inhibitor of SphK2 (ABC294640), with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can enhance the apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Our results revealed that NSCLC cells' sensitivity to TRAIL is correlated with the level of SphK2. Compared with TRAIL alone, the combination therapy enhanced the apoptosis induced by TRAIL, and knockdown of SphK2 by siRNA presented a similar effect. Combination therapy with ABC294640 increased the activity of caspase-3/8 and up-regulated the expression of death receptors (DR). Additional investigations revealed that translocation of DR4/5 to the cell membrane surface was promoted by adding ABC294640. However, expression of anti-apoptosis proteins such as Bcl(-)2 and IAPs was not significantly modified by this SphK2 inhibitor. Overall, this work demonstrates that SphK2 may contribute to the apoptosis resistance in NSCLC, thus indicating a new therapeutic target for resistant NSCLC cells.
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Key Words
- ABC294640, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-adamantane-1-carboxylic acid (pyridin-4-ylmethyl) amide
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- Cer, ceramide
- DISC, death-induced signaling complex
- DR4, death receptor 4
- DR5, death receptor 5
- MTT, (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- NSCLC
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate
- SphK2, sphingosine kinase 2
- TRAIL
- TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand
- death receptor
- resistance
- sphingosine kinase 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- a Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology ; Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University ; Wuhan , PR China
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23
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Major apoptotic mechanisms and genes involved in apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8471-86. [PMID: 27059734 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As much as the cellular viability is important for the living organisms, the elimination of unnecessary or damaged cells has the opposite necessity for the maintenance of homeostasis in tissues, organs and the whole organism. Apoptosis, a type of cell death mechanism, is controlled by the interactions between several molecules and responsible for the elimination of unwanted cells from the body. Apoptosis can be triggered by intrinsically or extrinsically through death signals from the outside of the cell. Any abnormality in apoptosis process can cause various types of diseases from cancer to auto-immune diseases. Different gene families such as caspases, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 family of genes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor gene superfamily, or p53 gene are involved and/or collaborate in the process of apoptosis. In this review, we discuss the basic features of apoptosis and have focused on the gene families playing critical roles, activation/inactivation mechanisms, upstream/downstream effectors, and signaling pathways in apoptosis on the basis of cancer studies. In addition, novel apoptotic players such as miRNAs and sphingolipid family members in various kind of cancer are discussed.
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24
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Blanz J, Saftig P. Parkinson's disease: acid-glucocerebrosidase activity and alpha-synuclein clearance. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 1:198-215. [PMID: 26860955 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of mutations in the gene GBA1 encoding the lysosomal hydrolase β-glucocerebrosidase for the development of synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, was only very recently uncovered. The knowledge obtained from the study of carriers or patients suffering from Gaucher disease (a common lysosomal storage disorder because of GBA1 mutations) is of particular importance for understanding the role of the enzyme and its catabolic pathway in the development of synucleinopathies. Decreased activity of β-glucocerebrosidase leads to lysosomal dysfunction and the accumulation of its substrate glucosylceramide and related lipid derivatives. Glucosylceramide is suggested to stabilize toxic oligomeric forms of α-synuclein that negatively influence the activity of β-glucocerebrosidase and to partially block export of newly synthesized β-glucocerebrosidase from the endoplasmic reticulum to late endocytic compartments, amplifying the pathological effects of α-synuclein and ultimately resulting in neuronal cell death. This pathogenic molecular feedback loop and most likely other factors (such as impaired endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, activation of the unfolded protein response and dysregulation of calcium homeostasis induced by misfolded GC mutants) are involved in shifting the cellular homeostasis from monomeric α-synuclein towards oligomeric neurotoxic and aggregated forms, which contribute to Parkinson's disease progression. From a therapeutic point of view, strategies aiming to increase either the expression, stability or delivery of the β-glucocerebrosidase to lysosomes are likely to decrease the α-synuclein burden and may be useful for an in depth evaluation at the organismal level. Lysosomes are critical for protein and lipid homeostasis. Recent research revealed that dysfunction of this organelle contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the lysosomal hydrolase β-glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) are a major risk factor for the development of PD and the molecular events linked to the reduced activity of GBA1 and the pathological accumulation of lipids and α-synuclein are just at the beginning to be understood. New therapeutic concepts in regards to how to increase the expression, stability, or delivery of β-glucocerebrosidase to lysosomes are currently developed. This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Blanz
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institut für Biochemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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25
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Current and Novel Aspects on the Non-lysosomal β-Glucosylceramidase GBA2. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:210-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Marques ARA, Aten J, Ottenhoff R, van Roomen CPAA, Herrera Moro D, Claessen N, Vinueza Veloz MF, Zhou K, Lin Z, Mirzaian M, Boot RG, De Zeeuw CI, Overkleeft HS, Yildiz Y, Aerts JMFG. Reducing GBA2 Activity Ameliorates Neuropathology in Niemann-Pick Type C Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135889. [PMID: 26275242 PMCID: PMC4537125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA) hydrolyses glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in lysosomes. Markedly reduced GBA activity is associated with severe manifestations of Gaucher disease including neurological involvement. Mutations in the GBA gene have recently also been identified as major genetic risk factor for Parkinsonism. Disturbed metabolism of GlcCer may therefore play a role in neuropathology. Besides lysosomal GBA, cells also contain a non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase (GBA2). Given that the two β-glucosidases share substrates, we speculated that over-activity of GBA2 during severe GBA impairment might influence neuropathology. This hypothesis was studied in Niemann-Pick type C (Npc1-/-) mice showing secondary deficiency in GBA in various tissues. Here we report that GBA2 activity is indeed increased in the brain of Npc1-/- mice. We found that GBA2 is particularly abundant in Purkinje cells (PCs), one of the most affected neuronal populations in NPC disease. Inhibiting GBA2 in Npc1-/- mice with a brain-permeable low nanomolar inhibitor significantly improved motor coordination and extended lifespan in the absence of correction in cholesterol and ganglioside abnormalities. This trend was recapitulated, although not to full extent, by introducing a genetic loss of GBA2 in Npc1-/- mice. Our findings point to GBA2 activity as therapeutic target in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R. A. Marques
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Aten
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniela Herrera Moro
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kuikui Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhanmin Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf G. Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy of Arts & Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yildiz Yildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Bregenz, 6900, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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27
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Volmer R, Ron D. Lipid-dependent regulation of the unfolded protein response. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 33:67-73. [PMID: 25543896 PMCID: PMC4376399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein folding homeostasis in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum is defended by signal transduction pathways that are activated by an imbalance between unfolded proteins and chaperones (so called ER stress). Collectively referred to as the unfolded protein response (UPR) this homeostatic response is initiated by three known ER stress transducers: IRE1, PERK and ATF6. These ER-localised transmembrane (TM) proteins posses lumenal stress sensing domains and cytosolic effector domains that collectively activate a gene expression programme regulating the production of proteins involved in the processing and maturation of secreted proteins that enter the ER. However, beyond limiting unfolded protein stress in the ER the UPR has important connections to lipid metabolism that are the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Volmer
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, INRA, UMR 1225, IHAP, Toulouse, France.
| | - David Ron
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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28
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Hill DS, Lovat PE, Haass NK. Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress as a strategy for melanoma therapy: is there a future? Melanoma Manag 2014; 1:127-137. [PMID: 30190818 DOI: 10.2217/mmt.14.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma cells employ several survival strategies, including induction of the unfolded protein response, which mediates resistance to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. Activation of oncogenes specifically suppresses ER stress-induced apoptosis, while upregulation of ER chaperone proteins and antiapoptotic BCL-2 family members increases the protein folding capacity of the cell and the threshold for the induction of ER stress-induced apoptosis, respectively. Modulation of unfolded protein response signaling, inhibition of the protein folding machinery and/or active induction of ER stress may thus represent potential strategies for the therapeutic management of melanoma. To this aim, the present article focuses on the current understanding of how melanoma cells avoid or overcome ER stress-induced apoptosis, as well as therapeutic strategies through which to harness ER stress for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hill
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,The Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Penny E Lovat
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.,Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Nikolas K Haass
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.,The Centenary Institute, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Dermatology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.,The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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29
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Kallemeijn WW, Witte MD, Voorn-Brouwer TM, Walvoort MTC, Li KY, Codée JDC, van der Marel GA, Boot RG, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JMFG. A sensitive gel-based method combining distinct cyclophellitol-based probes for the identification of acid/base residues in human retaining β-glucosidases. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35351-62. [PMID: 25344605 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Retaining β-exoglucosidases operate by a mechanism in which the key amino acids driving the glycosidic bond hydrolysis act as catalytic acid/base and nucleophile. Recently we designed two distinct classes of fluorescent cyclophellitol-type activity-based probes (ABPs) that exploit this mechanism to covalently modify the nucleophile of retaining β-glucosidases. Whereas β-epoxide ABPs require a protonated acid/base for irreversible inhibition of retaining β-glucosidases, β-aziridine ABPs do not. Here we describe a novel sensitive method to identify both catalytic residues of retaining β-glucosidases by the combined use of cyclophellitol β-epoxide- and β-aziridine ABPs. In this approach putative catalytic residues are first substituted to noncarboxylic amino acids such as glycine or glutamine through site-directed mutagenesis. Next, the acid/base and nucleophile can be identified via classical sodium azide-mediated rescue of mutants thereof. Selective labeling with fluorescent β-aziridine but not β-epoxide ABPs identifies the acid/base residue in mutagenized enzyme, as only the β-aziridine ABP can bind in its absence. The Absence of the nucleophile abolishes any ABP labeling. We validated the method by using the retaining β-glucosidase GBA (CAZy glycosylhydrolase family GH30) and then applied it to non-homologous (putative) retaining β-glucosidases categorized in GH1 and GH116: GBA2, GBA3, and LPH. The described method is highly sensitive, requiring only femtomoles (nanograms) of ABP-labeled enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter W Kallemeijn
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - Martin D Witte
- Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P. O. box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke M Voorn-Brouwer
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - Marthe T C Walvoort
- Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P. O. box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kah-Yee Li
- Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P. O. box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P. O. box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P. O. box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf G Boot
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P. O. box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes M F G Aerts
- From the Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands and
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30
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Loberto N, Tebon M, Lampronti I, Marchetti N, Aureli M, Bassi R, Giri MG, Bezzerri V, Lovato V, Cantù C, Munari S, Cheng SH, Cavazzini A, Gambari R, Sonnino S, Cabrini G, Dechecchi MC. GBA2-encoded β-glucosidase activity is involved in the inflammatory response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104763. [PMID: 25141135 PMCID: PMC4139313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current anti-inflammatory strategies for the treatment of pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) are limited; thus, there is continued interest in identifying additional molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Given the emerging role of sphingolipids (SLs) in various respiratory disorders, including CF, drugs that selectively target the enzymes associated with SL metabolism are under development. Miglustat, a well-characterized iminosugar-based inhibitor of β-glucosidase 2 (GBA2), has shown promise in CF treatment because it reduces the inflammatory response to infection by P. aeruginosa and restores F508del-CFTR chloride channel activity. This study aimed to probe the molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory activity of miglustat by examining specifically the role of GBA2 following the infection of CF bronchial epithelial cells by P. aeruginosa. We also report the anti-inflammatory activity of another potent inhibitor of GBA2 activity, namely N-(5-adamantane-1-yl-methoxy)pentyl)-deoxynojirimycin (Genz-529648). In CF bronchial cells, inhibition of GBA2 by miglustat or Genz-529648 significantly reduced the induction of IL-8 mRNA levels and protein release following infection by P. aeruginosa. Hence, the present data demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory effects of miglustat and Genz-529648 are likely exerted through inhibition of GBA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Loberto
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maela Tebon
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Massimo Aureli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosaria Bassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Giri
- Medical Physics Unit, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentino Bezzerri
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Valentina Lovato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cantù
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Munari
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Seng H. Cheng
- Genzyme, a Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Dechecchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
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31
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Genes and gene networks involved in sodium fluoride-elicited cell death accompanying endoplasmic reticulum stress in oral epithelial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:8959-78. [PMID: 24853129 PMCID: PMC4057769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15058959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cell death induced by sodium fluoride (NaF), we analyzed gene expression patterns in rat oral epithelial ROE2 cells exposed to NaF using global-scale microarrays and bioinformatics tools. A relatively high concentration of NaF (2 mM) induced cell death concomitant with decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential, chromatin condensation and caspase-3 activation. Using 980 probe sets, we identified 432 up-regulated and 548 down-regulated genes, that were differentially expressed by >2.5-fold in the cells treated with 2 mM of NaF and categorized them into 4 groups by K-means clustering. Ingenuity® pathway analysis revealed several gene networks from gene clusters. The gene networks Up-I and Up-II included many up-regulated genes that were mainly associated with the biological function of induction or prevention of cell death, respectively, such as Atf3, Ddit3 and Fos (for Up-I) and Atf4 and Hspa5 (for Up-II). Interestingly, knockdown of Ddit3 and Hspa5 significantly increased and decreased the number of viable cells, respectively. Moreover, several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes including, Ddit3, Atf4 and Hapa5, were observed in these gene networks. These findings will provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms of NaF-induced cell death accompanying ER stress in oral epithelial cells.
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32
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Ferraz MJ, Kallemeijn WW, Mirzaian M, Herrera Moro D, Marques A, Wisse P, Boot RG, Willems LI, Overkleeft H, Aerts J. Gaucher disease and Fabry disease: New markers and insights in pathophysiology for two distinct glycosphingolipidoses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:811-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Giussani P, Tringali C, Riboni L, Viani P, Venerando B. Sphingolipids: key regulators of apoptosis and pivotal players in cancer drug resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4356-92. [PMID: 24625663 PMCID: PMC3975402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance elicited by cancer cells still constitutes a huge problem that frequently impairs the efficacy of both conventional and novel molecular therapies. Chemotherapy usually acts to induce apoptosis in cancer cells; therefore, the investigation of apoptosis control and of the mechanisms used by cancer cells to evade apoptosis could be translated in an improvement of therapies. Among many tools acquired by cancer cells to this end, the de-regulated synthesis and metabolism of sphingolipids have been well documented. Sphingolipids are known to play many structural and signalling roles in cells, as they are involved in the control of growth, survival, adhesion, and motility. In particular, in order to increase survival, cancer cells: (a) counteract the accumulation of ceramide that is endowed with pro-apoptotic potential and is induced by many drugs; (b) increase the synthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate and glucosylceramide that are pro-survivals signals; (c) modify the synthesis and the metabolism of complex glycosphingolipids, particularly increasing the levels of modified species of gangliosides such as 9-O acetylated GD3 (αNeu5Ac(2-8)αNeu5Ac(2-3)βGal(1-4)βGlc(1-1)Cer) or N-glycolyl GM3 (αNeu5Ac (2-3)βGal(1-4)βGlc(1-1)Cer) and de-N-acetyl GM3 (NeuNH(2)βGal(1-4)βGlc(1-1)Cer) endowed with anti-apoptotic roles and of globoside Gb3 related to a higher expression of the multidrug resistance gene MDR1. In light of this evidence, the employment of chemical or genetic approaches specifically targeting sphingolipid dysregulations appears a promising tool for the improvement of current chemotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Giussani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan 20090), Italy.
| | - Cristina Tringali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan 20090), Italy.
| | - Laura Riboni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan 20090), Italy.
| | - Paola Viani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan 20090), Italy.
| | - Bruno Venerando
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Segrate (Milan 20090), Italy.
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34
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Ridley CM, Thur KE, Shanahan J, Thillaiappan NB, Shen A, Uhl K, Walden CM, Rahim AA, Waddington SN, Platt FM, van der Spoel AC. β-Glucosidase 2 (GBA2) activity and imino sugar pharmacology. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:26052-26066. [PMID: 23880767 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.463562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Glucosidase 2 (GBA2) is an enzyme that cleaves the membrane lipid glucosylceramide into glucose and ceramide. The GBA2 gene is mutated in genetic neurological diseases (hereditary spastic paraplegia and cerebellar ataxia). Pharmacologically, GBA2 is reversibly inhibited by alkylated imino sugars that are in clinical use or are being developed for this purpose. We have addressed the ambiguity surrounding one of the defining characteristics of GBA2, which is its sensitivity to inhibition by conduritol B epoxide (CBE). We found that CBE inhibited GBA2, in vitro and in live cells, in a time-dependent fashion, which is typical for mechanism-based enzyme inactivators. Compared with the well characterized impact of CBE on the lysosomal glucosylceramide-degrading enzyme (glucocerebrosidase, GBA), CBE inactivated GBA2 less efficiently, due to a lower affinity for this enzyme (higher KI) and a lower rate of enzyme inactivation (k(inact)). In contrast to CBE, N-butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin exclusively inhibited GBA2. Accordingly, we propose to redefine GBA2 activity as the β-glucosidase that is sensitive to inhibition by N-butyldeoxygalactonojirimycin. Revised as such, GBA2 activity 1) was optimal at pH 5.5-6.0; 2) accounted for a much higher proportion of detergent-independent membrane-associated β-glucosidase activity; 3) was more variable among mouse tissues and neuroblastoma and monocyte cell lines; and 4) was more sensitive to inhibition by N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (miglustat, Zavesca®), in comparison with earlier studies. Our evaluation of GBA2 makes it possible to assess its activity more accurately, which will be helpful in analyzing its physiological roles and involvement in disease and in the pharmacological profiling of monosaccharide mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Ridley
- From the Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Karen E Thur
- From the Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jessica Shanahan
- From the Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Ann Shen
- From the Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Karly Uhl
- From the Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Charlotte M Walden
- the Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom, and
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- the Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute of Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
| | - Simon N Waddington
- the Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute of Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M Platt
- the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Aarnoud C van der Spoel
- From the Atlantic Research Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada,.
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35
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Ishibashi Y, Kohyama-Koganeya A, Hirabayashi Y. New insights on glucosylated lipids: metabolism and functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1475-85. [PMID: 23770033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ceramide, cholesterol, and phosphatidic acid are major basic structures for cell membrane lipids. These lipids are modified with glucose to generate glucosylceramide (GlcCer), cholesterylglucoside (ChlGlc), and phosphatidylglucoside (PtdGlc), respectively. Glucosylation dramatically changes the functional properties of lipids. For instance, ceramide acts as a strong tumor suppressor that causes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, while GlcCer has an opposite effect, downregulating ceramide activities. All glucosylated lipids are enriched in lipid rafts or microdomains and play fundamental roles in a variety of cellular processes. In this review, we discuss the biological functions and metabolism of these three glucosylated lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Molecular Membrane Neuroscience, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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