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Luo Y, Zheng S, Xiao W, Zhang H, Li Y. Pannexins in the musculoskeletal system: new targets for development and disease progression. Bone Res 2024; 12:26. [PMID: 38705887 PMCID: PMC11070431 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
During cell differentiation, growth, and development, cells can respond to extracellular stimuli through communication channels. Pannexin (Panx) family and connexin (Cx) family are two important types of channel-forming proteins. Panx family contains three members (Panx1-3) and is expressed widely in bone, cartilage and muscle. Although there is no sequence homology between Panx family and Cx family, they exhibit similar configurations and functions. Similar to Cxs, the key roles of Panxs in the maintenance of physiological functions of the musculoskeletal system and disease progression were gradually revealed later. Here, we seek to elucidate the structure of Panxs and their roles in regulating processes such as osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and muscle growth. We also focus on the comparison between Cx and Panx. As a new key target, Panxs expression imbalance and dysfunction in muscle and the therapeutic potentials of Panxs in joint diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Shengyuan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiangya Medicine School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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2
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Sayed LH, Badr G, Omar HEDM, Elghaffar SKA, Sayed A. Bee gomogenat enhances the healing process of diabetic wounds by orchestrating the connexin-pannexin gap junction proteins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19961. [PMID: 37968314 PMCID: PMC10651848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Delay in wound healing remains one of diabetes's worse side effects, which increases mortality. The proposed study sought to scrutinize the implications of bee gomogenat (BG) on diabetic's wound closure in a streptozotocin-(STZ)-enhanced type-1 diabetes model's rodents. We used 3 different mice groups: group 1 non-diabetic rodents "serving as control", group 2 diabetic rodents, and group3 BG-treated diabetic rodents. We noticed that diabetic rodents experience a delayed wound closure, which emerged as a significant (*P < 0.05) decline in the deposition of collagen as compared to control non-diabetic animals. We noticed that diabetic rodents have a delayed wound closure characterized by a significant (*P < 0.05) decrease in the CD31 expression (indicator for wound angiogenesis and neovascularization) and an apparent elevation in the expression of such markers of inflammation as MCP-1 and HSP-70 as compared to control animals. Moreover, diabetic animals displayed a significant (*P < 0.05) increase in the expression of gap junction proteins Cx43 and a significant decrease in the expression of Panx3 in the wounded skin tissues when compared to the controls. Intriguingly, topical application with BG on the diabetic wounded skin tissues contributes to a significant (#P < 0.05) enhancing in the collagen deposition, up-regulating the level of CD31 expression and a significant (#P < 0.05) down-regulation in the MCP-1 and HSP-70 expressions as compared to diabetic non-treated animals. The expression's levels of Cx43 and Panx3 were significantly (#P < 0.05) retrieved in diabetic rodents after BG treatment. Taken together, our findings showed for the first time that BG promotes the recovering process and accelerated the closure of diabetic related wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
- Laboratory of Immunology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | | | - Sary Khaleel Abd Elghaffar
- Pathology and Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Aml Sayed
- Mallawi Specialized Hospital, 26Th of July Street, Mallawi, Minia, Egypt
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3
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Larrañaga-Vera A, Marco-Bonilla M, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G, Mediero A, Cronstein B. ATP transporters in the joints. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:591-605. [PMID: 34392490 PMCID: PMC8677878 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a central role in a wide variety of joint diseases. ATP is generated intracellularly, and the concentration of the extracellular ATP pool is determined by the regulation of its transport out of the cell. A variety of ATP transporters have been described, with connexins and pannexins the most commonly cited. Both form intercellular channels, known as gap junctions, that facilitate the transport of various small molecules between cells and mediate cell-cell communication. Connexins and pannexins also form pores, or hemichannels, that are permeable to certain molecules, including ATP. All joint tissues express one or more connexins and pannexins, and their expression is altered in some pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), indicating that they may be involved in the onset and progression of these pathologies. The aging of the global population, along with increases in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic dysfunction, is associated with a rising frequency of joint diseases along with the increased costs and burden of related illness. The modulation of connexins and pannexins represents an attractive therapeutic target in joint disease, but their complex regulation, their combination of gap-junction-dependent and -independent functions, and their interplay between gap junction and hemichannel formation are not yet fully elucidated. In this review, we try to shed light on the regulation of these proteins and their roles in ATP transport to the extracellular space in the context of joint disease, and specifically OA and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Larrañaga-Vera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Marco-Bonilla
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Aránzazu Mediero
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz UAM, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bruce Cronstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Mok CH, MacLeod JN. Kinetics of Gene Expression Changes in Equine Fetal Interzone and Anlagen Cells Over 14 Days of Induced Chondrogenesis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:722324. [PMID: 34434986 PMCID: PMC8380811 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.722324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within developing synovial joints, interzone and anlagen cells progress through divergent chondrogenic pathways to generate stable articular cartilage and transient hypertrophic anlagen cartilage, respectively. Understanding the comparative cell biology between interzone and anlagen cells may provide novel insights into emergent cell-based therapies to support articular cartilage regeneration. The aim of this study was to assess the kinetics of gene expression profiles in these skeletal cell lines after inducing chondrogenesis in culture. Interzone and anlagen cells from seven equine fetuses were isolated and grown in a TGF-β1 chondrogenic inductive medium. Total RNA was isolated at ten time points (0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 168, and 336 h), and gene expression for 93 targeted gene loci was measured in a microfluidic RT-qPCR system. Differential transcriptional responses were observed as early as 1.5 h after the initiation of chondrogenesis. Genes with functional annotations that include transcription regulation responded to the chondrogenic stimulation earlier (1.5–96 h) than genes involved in signal transduction (1.5–336 h) and the extracellular matrix biology (3–336 h). Between interzone and anlagen cell cultures, expression levels of 73 out of the 93 targeted genes were not initially different at 0 h, but 47 out of the 73 genes became differentially expressed under the chondrogenic stimulation. While interzone and anlagen cells are both chondrogenic, they display clear differences in response to the same TGF-β1 chondrogenic stimulation. This study provides new molecular insight into a timed sequence of the divergent developmental fates of interzone and anlagen cells in culture over 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Mok
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James N MacLeod
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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5
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O'Donnell BL, Penuela S. Pannexin 3 channels in health and disease. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:577-589. [PMID: 34250568 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 3 (PANX3) is a member of the pannexin family of single membrane channel-forming glycoproteins. Originally thought to have a limited localization in cartilage, bone, and skin, PANX3 has now been detected in a variety of other tissues including skeletal muscle, mammary glands, the male reproductive tract, the cochlea, blood vessels, small intestines, teeth, and the vomeronasal organ. In many cell types of the musculoskeletal system, such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and odontoblasts, PANX3 has been shown to regulate the balance of proliferation and differentiation. PANX3 can be induced during progenitor cell differentiation, functioning at the cell surface as a conduit for ATP and/or in the endoplasmic reticulum as a calcium leak channel. Evidence in osteoblasts and monocytes also highlight a role for PANX3 in purinergic signalling through its function as an ATP release channel. PANX3 is critical in the development and ageing of bone and cartilage, with its levels temporally regulated in other tissues such as skeletal muscle, skin, and the cochlea. In diseases such as osteoarthritis and intervertebral disc degeneration, PANX3 can have either protective or detrimental roles depending on if the disease is age-related or injury-induced. This review will discuss PANX3 function in tissue growth and regeneration, its role in cellular differentiation, and how it becomes dysregulated in disease conditions such as obesity, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, osteosarcoma, and non-melanoma skin cancer, where most of the findings on PANX3 function can be attributed to the characterization of Panx3 KO mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L O'Donnell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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6
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Moon PM, Shao ZY, Wambiekele G, Appleton CTG, Laird DW, Penuela S, Beier F. Global Deletion of Pannexin 3 Resulting in Accelerated Development of Aging-Induced Osteoarthritis in Mice. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1178-1188. [PMID: 33426805 DOI: 10.1002/art.41651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) results in pathologic changes in the joint tissue. The mechanisms driving disease progression remain largely unclear, and thus disease-modifying treatments are lacking. Pannexin 3 (Panx3) was identified as a potential mediator of cartilage degeneration in OA, and our previous study in mice indicated that deletion of the Panx3 gene delayed surgically induced cartilage degeneration. This study was undertaken to examine the role of Panx3 in other OA subtypes, particularly primary OA during aging, in a mouse model of aging-induced OA. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Panx3-/- C57BL/6J (Black-6) mice, ages 18-24 months, were analyzed by micro-computed tomography to investigate bone mineral density and body composition. Joints were harvested from the mice, and histopathologic analysis of the joint tissue for OA development was conducted with a specific focus on changes in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and synovial tissue. RESULTS Global loss of Panx3 in aging mice was not associated with increased mortality or changes in body composition. Mice lacking Panx3 had shorter appendicular skeletons than WT mice, but overall the body compositions appeared quite similar. Panx3 deletion dramatically accelerated cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone thickening with aging in both 18-month-old and 24-month-old mice, while promoting synovitis in 18-month-old mice. CONCLUSION These observations in a mouse model of OA suggest that Panx3 has a protective role against the development of primary aging-associated OA. It appears that Panx3 has opposing context-specific roles in joint health following traumatic injury versus that associated with aging. These data strongly suggest that there are differences in the molecular pathways driving different subtypes of OA, and therefore a detailed understanding of these pathways could directly improve strategies for OA diagnosis, therapy, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Moon
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z Y Shao
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Wambiekele
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - D W Laird
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Penuela
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - F Beier
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Srivastava P, Kane A, Harrison C, Levin M. A Meta-Analysis of Bioelectric Data in Cancer, Embryogenesis, and Regeneration. Bioelectricity 2021; 3:42-67. [PMID: 34476377 DOI: 10.1089/bioe.2019.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental bioelectricity is the study of the endogenous role of bioelectrical signaling in all cell types. Resting potentials and other aspects of ionic cell physiology are known to be important regulatory parameters in embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer. However, relevant quantitative measurement and genetic phenotyping data are distributed throughout wide-ranging literature, hampering experimental design and hypothesis generation. Here, we analyze published studies on bioelectrics and transcriptomic and genomic/phenotypic databases to provide a novel synthesis of what is known in three important aspects of bioelectrics research. First, we provide a comprehensive list of channelopathies-ion channel and pump gene mutations-in a range of important model systems with developmental patterning phenotypes, illustrating the breadth of channel types, tissues, and phyla (including man) in which bioelectric signaling is a critical endogenous aspect of embryogenesis. Second, we perform a novel bioinformatic analysis of transcriptomic data during regeneration in diverse taxa that reveals an electrogenic protein to be the one common factor specifically expressed in regeneration blastemas across Kingdoms. Finally, we analyze data on distinct Vmem signatures in normal and cancer cells, revealing a specific bioelectrical signature corresponding to some types of malignancies. These analyses shed light on fundamental questions in developmental bioelectricity and suggest new avenues for research in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranjal Srivastava
- Rye High School, Rye, New York, USA; Current Affiliation: College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Anna Kane
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Harrison
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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Serjeant M, Moon PM, Quinonez D, Penuela S, Beier F, Séguin CA. The Role of Panx3 in Age-Associated and Injury-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031080. [PMID: 33499145 PMCID: PMC7865929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 3 (Panx3) is a mechanosensitive, channel-forming glycoprotein implicated in the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Despite evidence for Panx3 expression in the intervertebral disc (IVD), its function in this cartilaginous joint structure remained unknown. Using Panx3 knockout mice, this study investigated the role of Panx3 in age-associated IVD degeneration and degeneration induced by annulus fibrosus (AF) needle puncture. Loss of Panx3 did not significantly impact the progression of age-associated histopathological IVD degeneration; however, loss of Panx3 was associated with decreased gene expression of Acan, Col1a1, Mmp13 and Runx2 and altered localization of COLX in the IVD at 19 months-of-age. Following IVD injury in the caudal spine, histological analysis of wild-type mice revealed clusters of hypertrophic cells in the AF associated with increased pericellular proteoglycan accumulation, disruptions in lamellar organization and increased lamellar thickness. In Panx3 knockout mice, hypertrophic AF cells were rarely detected and AF structure was largely preserved post-injury. Interestingly, uninjured IVDs adjacent to the site of injury more frequently showed evidence of early nucleus pulposus degeneration in Panx3 knockout mice but remained healthy in wild-type mice. These findings suggest a role for Panx3 in mediating the adaptive cellular responses to altered mechanical stress in the IVD, which may buffer aberrant loads transferred to adjacent motion segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Serjeant
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (M.S.); (P.M.M.); (D.Q.); (F.B.)
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Paxton M. Moon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (M.S.); (P.M.M.); (D.Q.); (F.B.)
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Diana Quinonez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (M.S.); (P.M.M.); (D.Q.); (F.B.)
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (M.S.); (P.M.M.); (D.Q.); (F.B.)
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Cheryle A. Séguin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (M.S.); (P.M.M.); (D.Q.); (F.B.)
- Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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Zhang P, Ishikawa M, Doyle A, Nakamura T, He B, Yamada Y. Pannexin 3 regulates skin development via Epiprofin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1779. [PMID: 33469169 PMCID: PMC7815752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexin 3 (Panx3), a member of the gap junction pannexin family is required for the development of hard tissues including bone, cartilage and teeth. However, the role of Panx3 in skin development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Panx3 regulates skin development by modulating the transcription factor, Epiprofin (Epfn). Panx3-/- mice have impaired skin development and delayed hair follicle regeneration. Loss of Panx3 in knockout mice and suppression by shRNA both elicited a reduction of Epfn expression in the epidermis. In cell culture, Panx3 overexpression promoted HaCaT cell differentiation, cell cycle exit and enhanced Epfn expression. Epfn-/- mice and inhibition of Epfn by siRNA showed no obvious differences of Panx3 expression. Furthermore, Panx3 promotes Akt/NFAT signaling pathway in keratinocyte differentiation by both Panx3 ATP releasing channel and ER Ca2+ channel functions. Our results reveal that Panx3 has a key role factor for the skin development by regulating Epfn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zhang
- Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry 4-1, Seiryo chou, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Andrew Doyle
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Bing He
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Yamada
- Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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10
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Yorgan TA, Peters S, Amling M, Schinke T. Osteoblast-specific expression of Panx3 is dispensable for postnatal bone remodeling. Bone 2019; 127:155-163. [PMID: 31202927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since cost-effective osteoanabolic treatment options remain to be established, it is relevant to identify specific molecules physiologically regulating osteoblast differentiation and/or activity that are principally accessible as drug targets. Specific or predominant gene expression in a given cell type often predicts a relevant function in the respective tissue. Thus, we aimed to identify genes encoding membrane-associated proteins with selective expression in differentiated osteoblasts. We therefore applied an unbiased approach, i.e. Affymetrix Gene Chip hybridization, to compare global gene expression in primary murine osteoblasts at two stages of differentiation. For the most strongly induced genes we analyzed their expression pattern in different tissues, which led us to identify known and unknown osteoblast differentiation markers with predominant expression in bone. One of these genes was Panx3, encoding a transmembrane hemichannel with ill-defined function in skeletal remodeling. To decipher the role of Panx3 in osteoblasts we first generated Panx3-fl/fl mice carrying a Runx2-Cre transgene. Using undecalcified histology followed by bone-specific histomorphometry we did not observe any significant difference between 24 weeks old Cre-negative and Cre-positive littermates. We additionally generated and analyzed mice with ubiquitous Panx3 deletion, where a delay of endochondral ossification did not translate into a detectable skeletal phenotype after weaning, possibly explained by compensatory induction of Panx1. Of note, newborn Panx3-deficient mice displayed significantly reduced serum glucose levels, which was not the case in older animals. Our findings demonstrate that Panx3 expression in osteoblasts is not required for postnatal bone remodeling, which essentially rules out its suitability as a target protein for osteoanabolic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur A Yorgan
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Stephanie Peters
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
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11
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Li J, Liu C, Li Y, Zheng Q, Xu Y, Liu B, Sun W, Li Y, Ji S, Liu M, Zhang J, Zhao D, Du R, Liu Z, Zhong G, Sun C, Wang Y, Song J, Zhang S, Qin J, Ling S, Wang X, Li Y. TMCO1-mediated Ca 2+ leak underlies osteoblast functions via CaMKII signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1589. [PMID: 30962442 PMCID: PMC6453895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 1 (TMCO1) is a recently identified Ca2+ leak channel in the endoplasmic reticulum. TMCO1 dysfunction in humans is associated with dysmorphism, mental retardation, glaucoma and the occurrence of cancer. Here we show an essential role of TMCO1 in osteogenesis mediated by local Ca2+/CaMKII signaling in osteoblasts. TMCO1 levels were significantly decreased in bone from both osteoporosis patients and bone-loss mouse models. Tmco1−/− mice exhibited loss of bone mass and altered microarchitecture characteristic of osteoporosis. In the absence of TMCO1, decreased HDAC4 phosphorylation resulted in nuclear enrichment of HADC4, which leads to deacetylation and degradation of RUNX2, the master regulator of osteogenesis. We further demonstrate that TMCO1-mediated Ca2+ leak provides local Ca2+ signals to activate the CaMKII-HDAC4-RUNX2 signaling axis. The establishment of TMCO1 as a pivotal player in osteogenesis uncovers a novel potential therapeutic target for ameliorating osteoporosis. TMCO1 is a recently described endoplasmic reticular Ca2+ channel. Here, the authors show it is important for osteoblast function and bone formation in mice, and identify a novel pathway linking local increases in Ca2+ at the ER surface with the posttranslational modification of RUNX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.,The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Qiaoxia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Youjia Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Weijia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yuan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shuhui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Ruikai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Zizhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Cuiwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jinping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
| | - Xianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, 100094, China.
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12
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Nakatomi C, Nakatomi M, Matsubara T, Komori T, Doi-Inoue T, Ishimaru N, Weih F, Iwamoto T, Matsuda M, Kokabu S, Jimi E. Constitutive activation of the alternative NF-κB pathway disturbs endochondral ossification. Bone 2019; 121:29-41. [PMID: 30611922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is important for skeletal development. Recent findings indicate that the p65 (RelA) subunit, a main subunit of the classical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, plays essential roles in chondrocyte differentiation. Although several groups have reported that the alternative NF-κB pathway also regulates bone homeostasis, the role of the alternative NF-κB pathway in chondrocyte development is still unclear. Here, we analyzed the in vivo function of the alternative pathway on endochondral ossification using p100-deficient (p100-/-) mice, which carry a homozygous deletion of the COOH-terminal ankyrin repeats of p100 but still express functional p52 protein. The alternative pathway was activated during the periarticular stage in wild-type mice. p100-/- mice exhibited dwarfism, and histological analysis of the growth plate revealed abnormal arrangement of chondrocyte columns and a narrowed hypertrophic zone. Consistent with these observations, the expression of hypertrophic chondrocyte markers, type X collagen (ColX) or matrix metalloproteinase 13, but not early chondrogenic markers, such as Col II or aggrecan, was suppressed in p100-/- mice. An in vivo BrdU tracing assay clearly demonstrated less proliferative activity in chondrocytes in p100-/- mice. These defects were partly rescued when the RelB gene was deleted in p100-/- mice. Taken together, the alternative NF-κB pathway may regulate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation to maintain endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Nakatomi
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-kux, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-kux, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | | | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Falk Weih
- Research Group Immunology, Leibniz-Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Miho Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-kux, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-kux, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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13
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Double deletion of Panx1 and Panx3 affects skin and bone but not hearing. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:723-736. [PMID: 30918989 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pannexins (Panxs), large-pore channel forming glycoproteins, are expressed in a wide variety of tissues including the skin, bone, and cochlea. To date, the use of single knock-out mouse models of both Panx1 and Panx3 have demonstrated their roles in skin development, bone formation, and auditory phenotypes. Due to sequence homology between Panx1 and Panx3, when one Panx is ablated from germline, the other may be upregulated in a compensatory mechanism to maintain tissue homeostasis and function. To evaluate the roles of Panx1 and Panx3 in the skin, bone, and cochlea, we created the first Panx1/Panx3 double knock-out mouse model (dKO). These mice had smaller litters and reduced body weight compared to wildtype controls. The dKO dorsal skin had decreased epidermal and dermal area as well as decreased hypodermal area in neonatal but not in older mice. In addition, mouse skull shape and size were altered, and long bone length was decreased in neonatal dKO mice. Finally, auditory tests revealed that dKO mice did not exhibit hearing loss and were even slightly protected against noise-induced hearing damage at mid-frequency regions. Taken together, our findings suggest that Panx1 and Panx3 are important at early stages of development in the skin and bone but may be redundant in the auditory system. KEY MESSAGES: Panx double KO mice had smaller litters and reduced body weight. dKO skin had decreased epidermal and dermal area in neonatal mice. Skull shape and size changed plus long bone length decreased in neonatal dKO mice. dKO had no hearing loss and were slightly protected against noise-induced damage.
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14
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Bergen DJM, Kague E, Hammond CL. Zebrafish as an Emerging Model for Osteoporosis: A Primary Testing Platform for Screening New Osteo-Active Compounds. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:6. [PMID: 30761080 PMCID: PMC6361756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is metabolic bone disease caused by an altered balance between bone anabolism and catabolism. This dysregulated balance is responsible for fragile bones that fracture easily after minor falls. With an aging population, the incidence is rising and as yet pharmaceutical options to restore this imbalance is limited, especially stimulating osteoblast bone-building activity. Excitingly, output from large genetic studies on people with high bone mass (HBM) cases and genome wide association studies (GWAS) on the population, yielded new insights into pathways containing osteo-anabolic players that have potential for drug target development. However, a bottleneck in development of new treatments targeting these putative osteo-anabolic genes is the lack of animal models for rapid and affordable testing to generate functional data and that simultaneously can be used as a compound testing platform. Zebrafish, a small teleost fish, are increasingly used in functional genomics and drug screening assays which resulted in new treatments in the clinic for other diseases. In this review we outline the zebrafish as a powerful model for osteoporosis research to validate potential therapeutic candidates, describe the tools and assays that can be used to study bone homeostasis, and affordable (semi-)high-throughput compound testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. M. Bergen
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Kague
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chrissy L. Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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15
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Boucher J, Simonneau C, Denet G, Clarhaut J, Balandre AC, Mesnil M, Cronier L, Monvoisin A. Pannexin-1 in Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Regulates Lymphangiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061558. [PMID: 29882918 PMCID: PMC6032340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms governing the formation of lymphatic vasculature are not yet well understood. Pannexins are transmembrane proteins that form channels which allow for diffusion of ions and small molecules (<1 kDa) between the extracellular space and the cytosol. The expression and function of pannexins in blood vessels have been studied in the last few decades. Meanwhile, no studies have been conducted to evaluate the role of pannexins during human lymphatic vessel formation. Here we show, using primary human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs), pharmacological tools (probenecid, Brilliant Blue FCF, mimetic peptides [10Panx]) and siRNA-mediated knockdown that Pannexin-1 is necessary for capillary tube formation on Matrigel and for VEGF-C-induced invasion. These results newly identify Pannexin-1 as a protein highly expressed in HDLECs and its requirement during in vitro lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Boucher
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Claire Simonneau
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Golthlay Denet
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Jonathan Clarhaut
- CNRS UMR 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
- CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France.
| | - Annie-Claire Balandre
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Marc Mesnil
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Laurent Cronier
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
| | - Arnaud Monvoisin
- CNRS ERL 7003, Laboratoire "Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires", University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
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16
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Whyte-Fagundes P, Kurtenbach S, Zoidl C, Shestopalov VI, Carlen PL, Zoidl G. A Potential Compensatory Role of Panx3 in the VNO of a Panx1 Knock Out Mouse Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:135. [PMID: 29780304 PMCID: PMC5946002 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pannexins (Panx) are integral membrane proteins, with Panx1 being the best-characterized member of the protein family. Panx1 is implicated in sensory processing, and knockout (KO) animal models have become the primary tool to investigate the role(s) of Panx1 in sensory systems. Extending previous work from our group on primary olfaction, the expression patterns of Panxs in the vomeronasal organ (VNO), an auxiliary olfactory sense organ with a role in reproduction and social behavior, were compared. Using qRT-PCR and Immunohistochemistry (IHC), we confirmed the loss of Panx1, found similar Panx2 expression levels in both models, and a significant upregulation of Panx3 in mice with a global ablation of Panx1. Specifically, Panx3 showed upregulated expression in nerve fibers of the non-sensory epithelial layer in juvenile and adult KO mice and in the sensory layer of adults, which overlaps with Panx1 expression areas in WT populations. Since both social behavior and evoked ATP release in the VNO was not compromised in KO animals, we hypothesized that Panx3 could compensate for the loss of Panx1. This led us to compare Panx1 and Panx3 channels in vitro, demonstrating similar dye uptake and ATP release properties. Outcomes of this study strongly suggest that Panx3 may functionally compensate for the loss of Panx1 in the VNO of the olfactory system, ensuring sustained chemosensory processing. This finding extends previous reports on the upregulation of Panx3 in arterial walls and the skin of Panx1 KO mice, suggesting that roles of Panx1 warrant uncharacterized safeguarding mechanisms involving Panx3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Whyte-Fagundes
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Kurtenbach
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Valery I Shestopalov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Peter L Carlen
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Zoidl
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Guerrero J, Oliveira H, Aid R, Bareille R, Siadous R, Letourneur D, Mao Y, Kohn J, Amédée J. Influence of the three‐dimensional culture of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells within a macroporous polysaccharides scaffold on Pannexin 1 and Pannexin 3. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:e1936-e1949. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guerrero
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue BioengineeringUniversity of Bordeaux Bordeaux Cedex France
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue BioengineeringUniversity of Bordeaux Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Rachida Aid
- Inserm U1148, LVTS, X. Bichat HospitalUniversity Paris Diderot F‐75018 Paris, Institut Galilée, University Paris 13, 93430 Villetaneuse Paris Cedex 18; University Paris Diderot, CHUX, Bichat Paris France
| | - Reine Bareille
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue BioengineeringUniversity of Bordeaux Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Robin Siadous
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue BioengineeringUniversity of Bordeaux Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- Inserm U1148, LVTS, X. Bichat HospitalUniversity Paris Diderot F‐75018 Paris, Institut Galilée, University Paris 13, 93430 Villetaneuse Paris Cedex 18; University Paris Diderot, CHUX, Bichat Paris France
| | - Yong Mao
- The New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Joachim Kohn
- The New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyRutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ USA
| | - Joëlle Amédée
- Inserm, U1026, Tissue BioengineeringUniversity of Bordeaux Bordeaux Cedex France
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18
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Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Myoblast Differentiation and Proliferation by Pannexins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 925:57-73. [PMID: 27518505 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pannexins are newly discovered channels that are now recognized as mediators of adenosine triphosphate release from several cell types allowing communication with the extracellular environment. Pannexins have been associated with various physiological and pathological processes including apoptosis, inflammation, and cancer. However, it is only recently that our work has unveiled a role for Pannexin 1 and Pannexin 3 as novel regulators of skeletal muscle myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Myoblast differentiation is an ordered multistep process that includes withdrawal from the cell cycle and the expression of key myogenic factors leading to myoblast differentiation and fusion into multinucleated myotubes. Eventually, myotubes will give rise to the diverse muscle fiber types that build the complex skeletal muscle architecture essential for body movement, postural behavior, and breathing. Skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation are crucial processes required for proper skeletal muscle development during embryogenesis, as well as for the postnatal skeletal muscle regeneration that is necessary for muscle repair after injury or exercise. However, defects in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and/or deregulation of cell proliferation are involved in various skeletal muscle pathologies. In this review, we will discuss the expression of pannexins and their post-translational modifications in skeletal muscle, their known functions in various steps of myogenesis, including myoblast proliferation and differentiation, as well as their possible roles in skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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19
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Pannexin 3 regulates proliferation and differentiation of odontoblasts via its hemichannel activities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177557. [PMID: 28494020 PMCID: PMC5426780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly coordinated regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation contributes to the formation of functionally shaped and sized teeth; however, the mechanism underlying the switch from cell cycle exit to cell differentiation during odontogenesis is poorly understood. Recently, we identified pannexin 3 (Panx3) as a member of the pannexin gap junction protein family from tooth germs. The expression of Panx3 was predominately localized in preodontoblasts that arise from dental papilla cells and can differentiate into dentin-secreting odontoblasts. Panx3 also co-localized with p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein, in preodontoblasts. Panx3 was expressed in primary dental mesenchymal cells and in the mDP dental mesenchymal cell line. Both Panx3 and p21 were induced during the differentiation of mDP cells. Overexpression of Panx3 in mDP cells reduced cell proliferation via up-regulation of p21, but not of p27, and promoted the Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp), a marker of differentiated odontoblasts. Furthermore, Panx3 released intracellular ATP into the extracellular space through its hemichannel and induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-ribonucleoside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, reduced mDP cell proliferation and induced p21 expression. Conversely, knockdown of endogenous Panx3 by siRNA inhibited AMPK phosphorylation, p21 expression, and the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 even in the presence of BMP2. Taken together, our results suggest that Panx3 modulates intracellular ATP levels, resulting in the inhibition of odontoblast proliferation through the AMPK/p21 signaling pathway and promotion of cell differentiation by the BMP/Smad signaling pathway.
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20
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Mathews J, Levin M. Gap junctional signaling in pattern regulation: Physiological network connectivity instructs growth and form. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:643-673. [PMID: 27265625 PMCID: PMC10478170 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions (GJs) are aqueous channels that allow cells to communicate via physiological signals directly. The role of gap junctional connectivity in determining single-cell functions has long been recognized. However, GJs have another important role: the regulation of large-scale anatomical pattern. GJs are not only versatile computational elements that allow cells to control which small molecule signals they receive and emit, but also establish connectivity patterns within large groups of cells. By dynamically regulating the topology of bioelectric networks in vivo, GJs underlie the ability of many tissues to implement complex morphogenesis. Here, a review of recent data on patterning roles of GJs in growth of the zebrafish fin, the establishment of left-right patterning, the developmental dysregulation known as cancer, and the control of large-scale head-tail polarity, and head shape in planarian regeneration has been reported. A perspective in which GJs are not only molecular features functioning in single cells, but also enable global neural-like dynamics in non-neural somatic tissues has been proposed. This view suggests a rich program of future work which capitalizes on the rapid advances in the biophysics of GJs to exploit GJ-mediated global dynamics for applications in birth defects, regenerative medicine, and morphogenetic bioengineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 643-673, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Mathews
- Department of Biology, Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Biology, Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA
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21
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Abstract
Cell-cell and cell-matrix communications play important roles in both cell proliferation and differentiation. Gap junction proteins mediate signaling communication by exchanging small molecules and dramatically stimulating intracellular signaling pathways to determine cell fate. Vertebrates have 2 gap junction families: pannexins (Panxs) and connexins (Cxs). Unlike Cxs, the functions of Panxs are not fully understood. In skeletal formation, Panx3 and Cx43 are the most abundantly expressed gap junction proteins from each family. Panx3 is induced in the transient stage from the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoprogenitor cells. Panx3 regulates both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation via the activation of intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathways through multiple channel activities: hemichannels, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ channels, and gap junctions. Moreover, Panx3 also inhibits osteoprogenitor cell proliferation and promotes cell cycle exit through the inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the activation of p21. Panx3-knockout (KO) mice have more severe skeletal abnormalities than those of Cx43-KO mice. A phenotypic analysis of Panx3-KO mice indicates that Panx3 regulates the terminal differentiation of chondrocytes by promoting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13. Based on the generation of Panx3-/-; Cx43-/- mice, Panx3 is upstream of Cx43 in osteogenesis. Panx3 promotes Cx43 expression by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and osterix expression. Further, although Panx3 can function in 3 ways, Cx43 cannot function through the ER Ca2+ channel, only via the hemichannels and gap junction routes. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the roles of Panx3 in skeletal formation and address the potential for new therapies in the treatment of diseases and pathologies associated with Panx3, such as osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishikawa
- 1 Division of Operative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,2 Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Y Yamada
- 2 Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Bond SR, Abramyan J, Fu K, Naus CC, Richman JM. Pannexin 3 is required for late stage bone growth but not for initiation of ossification in avian embryos. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:913-24. [PMID: 27295565 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pannexin 3 (PANX3) is a channel-forming protein capable of stimulating osteogenesis in vitro. Here, we studied the in vivo roles of PANX3 in the chicken embryo using the RCAS retroviral system to over-express and knockdown expression during endochondral bone formation. RESULTS In the limbs, PANX3 RNA was first detected in the cartilage condensations and became restricted to the prehypertrophic cartilage of the epiphyses, diaphysis, and perichondrium. The increase in PANX3 was not sufficient to alter osteogenesis; however, knockdown with a virus containing an interference RNA construct caused a 20% reduction in bone volume. The control virus containing an shEGFP cassette did not affect development. Interestingly, the phenotype was restricted to later stages rather than to proliferation of the skeletogenic mesenchyme, formation of the cartilage condensation, or creation of the hypertrophic zones. In addition, there was also no change in readouts of Hedgehog, WNT, fibroblast growth factor, or bone morphogenetic protein signaling using either quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or radioactive in situ hybridization. CONCLUSIONS Based on the normal expression domains of PANX3 and the relatively late manifestation of the phenotype, it is possible that PANX3 hemichannels may be required to facilitate the transition of hypertrophic chondrocytes to osteoblasts, thereby achieving final bone size. Developmental Dynamics 245:913-924, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Bond
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Science, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Abramyan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kathy Fu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian C Naus
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Science, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joy M Richman
- Faculty of Dentistry, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Caskenette D, Penuela S, Lee V, Barr K, Beier F, Laird DW, Willmore KE. Global deletion of Panx3 produces multiple phenotypic effects in mouse humeri and femora. J Anat 2016; 228:746-56. [PMID: 26749194 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexins form single-membrane channels that allow passage of small molecules between the intracellular and extracellular compartments. Of the three pannexin family members, Pannexin3 (Panx3) is the least studied but is highly expressed in skeletal tissues and is thought to play a role in the regulation of chondrocyte and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of our study is to closely examine the in vivo effects of Panx3 ablation on long bone morphology using micro-computed tomography. Using Panx3 knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) adult mice, we measured and compared aspects of phenotypic shape, bone mineral density (BMD), cross-sectional geometric properties of right femora and humeri, and lean mass. We found that KO mice have absolutely and relatively shorter diaphyseal shafts compared with WT mice, and relatively larger areas of muscle attachment sites. No differences in BMD or lean mass were found between WT and KO mice. Interestingly, KO mice had more robust femora and humeri compared with WT mice when assessed in cross-section at the midshaft. Our results clearly show that Panx3 ablation produces phenotypic effects in mouse femora and humeri, and support the premise that Panx3 has a role in regulating long bone growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidre Caskenette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Barr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Dale W Laird
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine E Willmore
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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