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Yang Y, Hao Z, An N, Han Y, Miao W, Storey KB, Lefai E, Liu X, Wang J, Liu S, Xie M, Chang H. Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal protective effects on heart of hibernating Daurian ground squirrels. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2724-2748. [PMID: 37733616 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Hibernating mammals are natural models of resistance to ischemia, hypoxia-reperfusion injury, and hypothermia. Daurian ground squirrels (spermophilus dauricus) can adapt to endure multiple torpor-arousal cycles without sustaining cardiac damage. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms that underlie this adaptive response are not yet fully understood. This study investigates morphological, functional, genetic, and metabolic changes that occur in the heart of ground squirrels in three groups: summer active (SA), late torpor (LT), and interbout arousal (IBA). Morphological and functional changes in the heart were measured using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, Masson staining, echocardiography, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed significant changes in cardiac function in the LT group as compared with SA or IBA groups, but no irreversible damage occurred. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypic changes, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to assess differential changes in gene expression and metabolite levels in the three groups of ground squirrels, with a focus on GO and KEGG pathway analysis. Transcriptomic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes were involved in the remodeling of cytoskeletal proteins, reduction in protein synthesis, and downregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway during hibernation (including LT and IBA groups), as compared with the SA group. Metabolomic analysis revealed increased free amino acids, activation of the glutathione antioxidant system, altered cardiac fatty acid metabolic preferences, and enhanced pentose phosphate pathway activity during hibernation as compared with the SA group. Combining the transcriptomic and metabolomic data, active mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and creatine-phosphocreatine energy shuttle systems were observed, as well as inhibition of ferroptosis signaling pathways during hibernation as compared with the SA group. In conclusion, these results provide new insights into cardio-protection in hibernators from the perspective of gene and metabolite changes and deepen our understanding of adaptive cardio-protection mechanisms in mammalian hibernators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziwei Hao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning An
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuting Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weilan Miao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Etienne Lefai
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junshu Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Manjiang Xie
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Jiang C, Storey KB, Yang H, Sun L. Aestivation in Nature: Physiological Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations in Hypometabolic States. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14093. [PMID: 37762394 PMCID: PMC10531719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aestivation is considered to be one of the "purest" hypometabolic states in nature, as it involves aerobic dormancy that can be induced and sustained without complex factors. Animals that undergo aestivation to protect themselves from environmental stressors such as high temperatures, droughts, and food shortages. However, this shift in body metabolism presents new challenges for survival, including oxidative stress upon awakening from aestivation, accumulation of toxic metabolites, changes in energy sources, adjustments to immune status, muscle atrophy due to prolonged immobility, and degeneration of internal organs due to prolonged food deprivation. In this review, we summarize the physiological and metabolic strategies, key regulatory factors, and networks utilized by aestivating animals to address the aforementioned components of aestivation. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive overview of the advancements made in aestivation research across major species, including amphibians, fish, reptiles, annelids, mollusks, and echinoderms, categorized according to their respective evolutionary positions. This approach offers a distinct perspective for comparative analysis, facilitating an understanding of the shared traits and unique features of aestivation across different groups of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxi Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.J.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.J.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; (C.J.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science & Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Guerra-Ojeda S, Jorda A, Aldasoro C, Vila JM, Valles SL, Arias-Mutis OJ, Aldasoro M. Improvement of Vascular Insulin Sensitivity by Ranolazine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13532. [PMID: 37686345 PMCID: PMC10487645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ranolazine (RN) is a drug used in the treatment of chronic coronary ischemia. Different clinical trials have shown that RN behaves as an anti-diabetic drug by lowering blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. However, RN has not been shown to improve insulin (IN) sensitivity. Our study investigates the possible facilitating effects of RN on the actions of IN in the rabbit aorta. IN induced vasodilation of the abdominal aorta in a concentration-dependent manner, and this dilatory effect was due to the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the formation of nitric oxide (NO). On the other hand, IN facilitated the vasodilator effects of acetylcholine but not the vasodilation induced by sodium nitroprusside. RN facilitated all the vasodilatory effects of IN. In addition, IN decreased the vasoconstrictor effects of adrenergic nerve stimulation and exogenous noradrenaline. Both effects were in turn facilitated by RN. The joint effect of RN with IN induced a significant increase in the ratio of p-eNOS/eNOS and pAKT/AKT. In conclusion, RN facilitated the vasodilator effects of IN, both direct and induced, on the adrenergic system. Therefore, RN increases vascular sensitivity to IN, thus decreasing tissue resistance to the hormone, a key mechanism in the development of type II diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 València, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.J.); (C.A.); (J.M.V.); (S.L.V.); (O.J.A.-M.)
| | - Adrian Jorda
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 València, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.J.); (C.A.); (J.M.V.); (S.L.V.); (O.J.A.-M.)
- Department of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, 46010 València, Spain
| | - Constanza Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 València, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.J.); (C.A.); (J.M.V.); (S.L.V.); (O.J.A.-M.)
| | - Jose M. Vila
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 València, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.J.); (C.A.); (J.M.V.); (S.L.V.); (O.J.A.-M.)
| | - Soraya L. Valles
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 València, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.J.); (C.A.); (J.M.V.); (S.L.V.); (O.J.A.-M.)
| | - Oscar J Arias-Mutis
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 València, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.J.); (C.A.); (J.M.V.); (S.L.V.); (O.J.A.-M.)
| | - Martin Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 València, Spain; (S.G.-O.); (A.J.); (C.A.); (J.M.V.); (S.L.V.); (O.J.A.-M.)
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Rocco-Machado N, Lai L, Kim G, He Y, Luczak ED, Anderson ME, Levine RL. Oxidative stress–induced autonomous activation of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II involves disulfide formation in the regulatory domain. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102579. [PMID: 36220393 PMCID: PMC9643438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ (CaMKIIδ) has a pivotal role in cardiac signaling. Constitutive and deleterious CaMKII “autonomous” activation is induced by oxidative stress, and the previously reported mechanism involves oxidation of methionine residues in the regulatory domain. Here, we demonstrate that covalent oxidation leads to a disulfide bond with Cys273 in the regulatory domain causing autonomous activity. Autonomous activation was induced by treating CaMKII with diamide or histamine chloramine, two thiol-oxidizing agents. Autonomy was reversed when the protein was incubated with DTT or thioredoxin to reduce disulfide bonds. Tryptic mapping of the activated CaMKII revealed formation of a disulfide between Cys273 and Cys290 in the regulatory domain. We determined the apparent pKa of those Cys and found that Cys273 had a low pKa while that of Cys290 was elevated. The low pKa of Cys273 facilitates oxidation of its thiol to the sulfenic acid at physiological pH. The reactive sulfenic acid then attacks the thiol of Cys290 to form the disulfide. The previously reported CaMKII mutant in which methionine residues 281 and 282 were mutated to valine (MMVV) protects mice and flies from cardiac decompensation induced by oxidative stress. Our initial hypothesis was that the MMVV mutant underwent a conformational change that prevented disulfide formation and autonomous activation. However, we found that the thiol-oxidizing agents induced autonomy in the MMVV mutant and that the mutant undergoes rapid degradation by the cell, potentially preventing accumulation of the injurious autonomous form. Together, our results highlight additional mechanistic details of CaMKII autonomous activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Rocco-Machado
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lo Lai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Geumsoo Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi He
- Fermentation Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Luczak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney L Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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5
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Han Y, Miao W, Hao Z, An N, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Chen J, Storey KB, Lefai E, Chang H. The Protective Effects on Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury Mechanisms of the Thoracic Aorta in Daurian Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) over the Torpor–Arousal Cycle of Hibernation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810248. [PMID: 36142152 PMCID: PMC9499360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernators are a natural model of vascular ischemia–reperfusion injury; however, the protective mechanisms involved in dealing with such an injury over the torpor–arousal cycle are unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the changes in the thoracic aorta and serum in summer-active (SA), late-torpor (LT) and interbout-arousal (IBA) Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus). The results show that total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was unchanged, but malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were significantly increased for the LT group, whereas the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly reduced in the LT group as compared with the SA group. Moreover, the levels of MDA and IL-1β were significantly reduced, whereas SOD and IL-10 were significantly increased in the IBA group as compared with the SA group. In addition, the lumen area of the thoracic aorta and the expression of the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contractile marker protein 22α (SM22α) were significantly reduced, whereas the protein expression of the synthetic marker proteins osteopontin (OPN), vimentin (VIM) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were significantly increased in the LT group as compared with the SA group. Furthermore, the smooth muscle layer of the thoracic aorta was significantly thickened, and PCNA protein expression was significantly reduced in the IBA group as compared with the SA group. The contractile marker proteins SM22α and synthetic marker protein VIM underwent significant localization changes in both LT and IBA groups, with localization of the contractile marker protein α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) changing only in the IBA group as compared with the SA group. In tunica intima, the serum levels of heparin sulfate (HS) and syndecan-1 (Sy-1) in the LT group were significantly reduced, but the serum level of HS in the IBA group increased significantly as compared with the SA group. Protein expression and localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was unchanged in the three groups. In summary, the decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory factors and increase in SOD and anti-inflammatory factors during the IBA period induced controlled phenotypic switching of thoracic aortic SMCs and restoration of endothelial permeability to resist ischemic and hypoxic injury during torpor of Daurian ground squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Weilan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Ziwei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Ning An
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yingyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Ziwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Etienne Lefai
- INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 1019, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, 229# North Taibai Road, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Duffy BM, Staples JF. Arousal from Torpor Increases Oxidative Damage in the Hibernating Thirteen-Lined Ground Squirrel ( Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). Physiol Biochem Zool 2022; 95:229-238. [DOI: 10.1086/719931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Siri-Angkul N, Dadfar B, Jaleel R, Naushad J, Parambathazhath J, Doye AA, Xie LH, Gwathmey JK. Calcium and Heart Failure: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147392. [PMID: 34299010 PMCID: PMC8306046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and prevalence of heart failure remain high in the United States as well as globally. One person dies every 30 s from heart disease. Recognizing the importance of heart failure, clinicians and scientists have sought better therapeutic strategies and even cures for end-stage heart failure. This exploration has resulted in many failed clinical trials testing novel classes of pharmaceutical drugs and even gene therapy. As a result, along the way, there have been paradigm shifts toward and away from differing therapeutic approaches. The continued prevalence of death from heart failure, however, clearly demonstrates that the heart is not simply a pump and instead forces us to consider the complexity of simplicity in the pathophysiology of heart failure and reinforces the need to discover new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Behzad Dadfar
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 1471655836, Iran
| | - Riya Jaleel
- School of International Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jazna Naushad
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha P. O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | | | | | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Judith K. Gwathmey
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +973-972-2411; Fax: +973-972-7489
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Siri-Angkul N, Song Z, Fefelova N, Gwathmey JK, Chattipakorn SC, Qu Z, Chattipakorn N, Xie LH. Activation of TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential Canonical) Channel Currents in Iron Overloaded Cardiac Myocytes. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2021; 14:e009291. [PMID: 33417472 DOI: 10.1161/circep.120.009291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmias and heart failure are common cardiac complications leading to substantial morbidity and mortality in patients with hemochromatosis, yet mechanistic insights remain incomplete. We investigated the effects of iron (Fe) on electrophysiological properties and intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) handling in mouse left ventricular cardiomyocytes. METHODS Cardiomyocytes were isolated from the left ventricle of mouse hearts and were superfused with Fe3+/8-hydroxyquinoline complex (5-100 μM). Membrane potential and ionic currents including TRPC (transient receptor potential canonical) were recorded using the patch-clamp technique. Ca2+i was evaluated by using Fluo-4. Cell contraction was measured with a video-based edge detection system. The role of TRPCs in the genesis of arrhythmias was also investigated by using a mathematical model of a mouse ventricular myocyte with the incorporation of the TRPC component. RESULTS We observed prolongation of the action potential duration and induction of early and delayed afterdepolarizations in myocytes superfused with 15 µmol/L Fe3+/8-hydroxyquinoline complex. Iron treatment decreased the peak amplitude of the L-type Ca2+ current and total K+ current, altered Ca2+i dynamics, and decreased cell contractility. During the final phase of Fe treatment, sustained Ca2+i waves and repolarization failure occurred and ventricular cells became unexcitable. Gadolinium abolished Ca2+i waves and restored the resting membrane potential to the normal range. The involvement of TRPC activation was confirmed by TRPC channel current recordings in the absence or presence of functional TRPC channel antibodies. Computer modeling captured the same action potential and Ca2+i dynamics and provided additional mechanistic insights. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that iron overload induces cardiac dysfunction that is associated with TRPC channel activation and alterations in membrane potential and Ca2+i dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (N.S.-A., N.F., J.K.G., L.-H.X.).,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (N.S.-A., S.C.C., N.C.), Chiang Mai University, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine (N.S.-A., N.C.), Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Zhen Song
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of California, Los Angeles (Z.S., Z.Q.)
| | - Nadezhda Fefelova
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (N.S.-A., N.F., J.K.G., L.-H.X.)
| | - Judith K Gwathmey
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (N.S.-A., N.F., J.K.G., L.-H.X.)
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (N.S.-A., S.C.C., N.C.), Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Zhilin Qu
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of California, Los Angeles (Z.S., Z.Q.)
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center (N.S.-A., S.C.C., N.C.), Chiang Mai University, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine (N.S.-A., N.C.), Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark (N.S.-A., N.F., J.K.G., L.-H.X.)
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9
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Xie LH, Gwathmey JK, Zhao Z. Cardiac adaptation and cardioprotection against arrhythmias and ischemia-reperfusion injury in mammalian hibernators. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:407-416. [PMID: 33394082 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hibernation allows animals to enter an energy conserving state to survive severe drops in external temperatures and a shortage of food. It has been observed that the hearts of mammalian hibernators exhibit intrinsic protection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and cardiac arrhythmias in the winter whether they are hibernating or not. However, the molecular and ionic mechanisms for cardioprotection in mammalian hibernators remain elusive. Recent studies in woodchucks (Marmota monax) have suggested that cardiac adaptation occurs at different levels and mediates an intrinsic cardioprotection prior to/in the winter. The molecular/cellular remodeling in the winter (with or without hibernation) includes (1) an upregulation of transcriptional factor, anti-apoptotic factor, nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase C-ε, and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase; (2) an upregulation of antioxidant enzymes (e.g. superoxide dismutase and catalase); (3) a reduction in the oxidation level of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII); and (4) alterations in the expression and activity of multiple ion channels/transporters. Therefore, the cardioprotection against I/R injury in the winter is most likely mediated by enhancement in signaling pathways that are shared by preconditioning, reduced cell apoptosis, and increased detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The resistance to cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in the winter is closely associated with an upregulation of the antioxidant catalase and a downregulation of CaMKII activation. This remodeling of the heart is associated with a reduction in the incidence of afterdepolarizations and triggered activities. In this short review article, we will discuss the seasonal changes in gene and protein expression profiles as well as alterations in the function of key proteins that are associated with the occurrence of cardioprotection against myocardial damage from ischemic events and fatal arrhythmias in a mammalian hibernator. Understanding the intrinsic cardiac adaptive mechanisms that confer cardioprotection in hibernators may offer new strategies to protect non-hibernating animals, especially humans, from I/R injury and ischemia-induced fatal cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Judith K Gwathmey
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Zhenghang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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10
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Andrews MT. Molecular interactions underpinning the phenotype of hibernation in mammals. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:222/2/jeb160606. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.160606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mammals maintain a constant warm body temperature, facilitating a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Mammals that hibernate have the ability to slow their metabolism, which in turn reduces their body temperature and leads to a state of hypothermic torpor. For this metabolic rate reduction to occur on a whole-body scale, molecular interactions that change the physiology of cells, tissues and organs are required, resulting in a major departure from normal mammalian homeostasis. The aim of this Review is to cover recent advances in the molecular biology of mammalian hibernation, including the role of small molecules, seasonal changes in gene expression, cold-inducible RNA-binding proteins, the somatosensory system and emerging information on hibernating primates. To underscore the importance of differential gene expression across the hibernation cycle, mRNA levels for 14,261 ground squirrel genes during periods of activity and torpor are made available for several tissues via an interactive transcriptome browser. This Review also addresses recent findings on molecular interactions responsible for multi-day survival of near-freezing body temperatures, single-digit heart rates and a slowed metabolism that greatly reduces oxygen consumption. A better understanding of how natural hibernators survive these physiological extremes is beginning to lead to innovations in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Wen H, Zhao Z, Fefelova N, Xie LH. Potential Arrhythmogenic Role of TRPC Channels and Store-Operated Calcium Entry Mechanism in Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1785. [PMID: 30618800 PMCID: PMC6300467 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is an important physiological phenomenon that extensively mediates intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) load. It has been previously found in myocytes isolated from neonatal or diseased hearts. We aimed to determine its existence, molecular nature in undiseased hearts and its potential arrhythmogenic implications under hyperactive conditions. Experimental Approach: Ventricular myocytes isolated from adult FVB mice were studied by using Ca2+ imaging and whole-cell perforated patch-clamp recording. In addition, lead II ECGs were recorded in isolated Langendorff-perfused mice hearts. Functional TRPC channel antibodies and inhibitors, and TRPC6 activator hyperforin were used. Key Results: In this study, we demonstrate the existence and contribution of SOCE in normal adult mouse cardiac myocytes. For an apparent SOCE activation, complete depletion of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ by employing both caffeine (10 mM) and thapsigargin (1 μM) or cyclopiazonic acid (10 μM) was required. Consistent with the notion that SOCE may be mediated by heteromultimeric TRPC channels, SOCEs observed from those myocytes were significantly reduced by the pretreatment with anti-TRPC1, 3, and 6 antibodies as well as by gadolinium, a non-selective TRPC channel blocker. In addition, we showed that SOCE may regulate spontaneous SR Ca2+ release, Ca2+ waves, and triggered activities which may manifest cardiac arrhythmias. Since the spontaneous depolarization in membrane potential preceded the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, an inward membrane current presumably via TRPC channels was considered as the predominant cause of cellular arrhythmias. The selective TRPC6 activator hyperforin (0.1–10 μM) significantly facilitated the SOCE, SOCE-mediated inward current, and calcium load in the ventricular myocytes. ECG recording further demonstrated the proarrhythmic effects of hyperforin in ex vivo mouse hearts. Conclusion and Implications: We suggest that SOCE, which is at least partially mediated by TRPC channels, exists in adult mouse ventricular myocytes. TRPC channels and SOCE mechanism may be involved in cardiac arrhythmogenesis via promotion of spontaneous Ca2+ waves and triggered activities under hyperactivated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairuo Wen
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States.,Key Laboratory of Beijing for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation Research of Drugs, National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nadezhda Fefelova
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
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Investigating Nrf2-associated non-coding RNAs in the hibernating ground squirrel, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus. J Therm Biol 2018; 75:38-44. [PMID: 30017050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Small mammals hibernate to deal with environmental conditions associated with the winter season. Numerous physiological changes occur during a typical torpor-arousal cycle including variations in heart rate and blood flow. Such cycle possesses characteristics of ischemia-reperfusion cycles that can lead to oxidative stress in non-hibernating models. Interestingly, hibernators can cope with these conditions and the complete molecular picture underlying this adaptation is not fully understood. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), can impact expression and activity of various targets and have been associated with oxidative stress response. This work was aimed at assessing expression of oxidative stress-associated non-coding RNAs and their targets during hibernation. Measurement of miRNAs miR-93, miR-141, miR-144 and miR-200a, lncRNAs Mhrt and ODRUL, as well as of several targets associated with the Nrf2 signaling cascade including Keap1 was conducted using qRT-PCR in hibernating hearts of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus. Elevated Nrf2 levels and reduced miR-200a levels were notably observed in hibernating versus euthermic samples. Functional analysis of targets predicted to be regulated by the investigated miRNAs was performed and revealed transcriptional regulation and phosphorylation as relevant processes. These results highlight a potential interplay between non-coding RNAs and targets associated with oxidative stress response during hibernation and further strengthen the underlying importance of non-coding RNAs in cold torpor.
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