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Wang N, Zhang C. Oxidative Stress: A Culprit in the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:455. [PMID: 38671903 PMCID: PMC11047699 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the principal culprit behind chronic kidney disease (CKD), ultimately developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and necessitating costly dialysis or kidney transplantation. The limited therapeutic efficiency among individuals with DKD is a result of our finite understanding of its pathogenesis. DKD is the result of complex interactions between various factors. Oxidative stress is a fundamental factor that can establish a link between hyperglycemia and the vascular complications frequently encountered in diabetes, particularly DKD. It is crucial to recognize the essential and integral role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic vascular complications, particularly DKD. Hyperglycemia is the primary culprit that can trigger an upsurge in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ultimately sparking oxidative stress. The main endogenous sources of ROS include mitochondrial ROS production, NADPH oxidases (Nox), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), xanthine oxidase (XO), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), and lipoxygenase. Under persistent high glucose levels, immune cells, the complement system, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), polyol pathway, and the hexosamine pathway are activated. Consequently, the oxidant-antioxidant balance within the body is disrupted, which triggers a series of reactions in various downstream pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), transforming growth factor beta/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (TGF-β/p38-MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling. The disease might persist even if strict glucose control is achieved, which can be attributed to epigenetic modifications. The treatment of DKD remains an unresolved issue. Therefore, reducing ROS is an intriguing therapeutic target. The clinical trials have shown that bardoxolone methyl, a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, blood glucose-lowering drugs, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can effectively slow down the progression of DKD by reducing oxidative stress. Other antioxidants, including vitamins, lipoic acid, Nox inhibitors, epigenetic regulators, and complement inhibitors, present a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of DKD. In this review, we conduct a thorough assessment of both preclinical studies and current findings from clinical studies that focus on targeted interventions aimed at manipulating these pathways. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this area and identify key areas for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Pérez-Coria M, Vázquez-Rivera GE, Gómez-García EF, Mendoza-Carrera F. Sex differences in fetal kidney reprogramming: the case in the renin-angiotensin system. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:645-653. [PMID: 37572115 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
During the early stages of the development of the living multiorgan systems, genome modifications other than sequence variation occur that guide cell differentiation and organogenesis. These modifications are known to operate as a fetal programming code during this period, and recent research indicates that there are some tissue-specific codes in organogenesis whose effects may persist after birth until adulthood. Consequently, the events that disrupt the pre-established epigenetic pattern could induce shifts in organ physiology, with implications on health from birth or later in adult life. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide; its etiology is multifactorial, but diabetes, obesity, and hypertension are the main causes of CKD in adults, although there are other risk factors that are mainly associated with an individual's lifestyle. Recent studies suggest that fetal reprogramming in the developing kidney could be implicated in the susceptibility to kidney disease in both childhood and adulthood. Some epigenetic modifications, such as genome methylation status, dysregulation of miRNA, and histone coding alterations in genes related to the regulation of the renin-angiotensin axis, a common denominator in CKD, may have originated during fetal development. This review focuses on epigenetic changes during nephrogenesis and their repercussions on kidney health and disease. In addition, the focus is on the influence of environmental factors during pregnancy, such as maternal metabolic diseases and dietary and metabolic conditions, as well as some sex differences in fetal kidney reprogramming during which dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pérez-Coria
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada # 800, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gloria Elizabeth Vázquez-Rivera
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada # 800, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erika Fabiola Gómez-García
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Francisco Mendoza-Carrera
- Molecular Medicine Division, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada # 800, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Liu Z, Li X, Wang T, Zhang H, Li X, Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Yang P, Zhou C, Ge Q, Zhao L. SAH and SAM/SAH ratio associate with acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: A case-control study. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117726. [PMID: 38110027 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical emergency with an acute onset, rapid progression and poor prognosis, which has high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. DNA methylation plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of kidney disease, and aberrant methylation and certain altered methylation-related metabolites have been reported in AKI patients. However, the specific alterations of methylation-related metabolites in the AKI patients were not investigated clearly. METHOD In this study, 61 AKI and 61 matched non-AKI inpatients were recruited after propensity score matching the age and hypertension. And 11 methylation-related metabolites in the plasma and urine of the two groups were quantified by using UHPLC-MS/MS method. RESULTS Certain methylation-relate intermediates were up-regulated in the plasma (choline, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), trimethyl lysine (TML), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)) and down-regulated in the urine of AKI inpatients (choline, betaine, TMAO, dimethylglycine (DMG), SAM and taurine). The correlation analysis revealed a relatively strong correlation between plasma SAH, SAM/SAH ratio and renal function index (serum creatinine (SCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), r = 0.523-0.616), and the correlation of urinary intermediates with renal function index was weaker than that in the plasma. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that plasma SAH and urinary SAM/SAH ratio represented the best distinguishing efficiency with AUC 0.844 and 0.794, respectively. Moreover, the findings of binary regression analysis demonstrated plasma choline, TMAO, TML, SAM and SAH were the risk markers of AKI (up-regulation in plasma, OR > 1), urinary choline, betaine, TMAO, DMG and SAM were protective markers of AKI (down-regulation in urine, OR < 1), and SAM/SAH ratio was a protective marker in plasma and urine (down-regulation in both two biofluids, OR = 0.510, 0.383-0.678 in plasma, OR = 0.904, 0.854-0.968 in urine), indicating the increased risk of AKI when combined with the alteration of plasma and urinary levels. CONCLUSION The comprehensive analysis of plasma and urine samples from AKI inpatients offers a more extensive assessment of methylated metabolic alterations, suggesting a close relationship between AKI stress and altered methylation ability. The plasma level of SAH and SAM/SAH ratio and urinary SAM/SAH ratio both showed a strong correlation with renal function (SCr and eGFR) and good accuracy for distinguishing AKI in the two biomatrices, which exhibited promising prospects in predicting renal function decline and providing further information for the pathogenesis of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhini Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211198, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Tiehua Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiamin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Congya Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qinggang Ge
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing 100191, China.
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Gondaliya P, Jash K, Srivastava A, Kalia K. MiR-29b modulates DNA methylation in promoter region of miR-130b in mouse model of Diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1105-1115. [PMID: 37975134 PMCID: PMC10638230 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01208-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play a role in Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). Downregulation of miR-29b leads to modulation of DNA methylation via DNA methyl transferases (DNMTs) and hence exaggerated renal fibrosis in DN. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to evaluate effect of miR-29b expression in vivo on DNMTs, renal fibrosis, glomerular and tubular damage as well as renal morphology in DN. In order to explore the role of miR-29b in DNA methylation of other miRNAs, methylation profiling study was performed. It revealed that miR-29b was involved in methylation on of miR-130b on the cytosine guanine dinucleotides rich DNA (CpG) island 1 located on promoter region. In conclusion, miR-29b expression was found to modulate DNA methylation via DNMTs and regulate methylation of miR-130b. The result of this study provides a future direction to unveil role of miRNA expression in DNA methylation and its consequent effect on other miRNAs in DN. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01208-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Gondaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Kavya Jash
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355 India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355 India
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Hsueh YM, Chen WJ, Lee HL, Huang YL, Shiue HS, Hsu SL, Chen HH, Lin YC. Global DNA methylation and the association between metal exposure and chronic kidney disease. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1104692. [PMID: 37304094 PMCID: PMC10248129 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prior studies indicate that exposure to metals may alter DNA methylation. Evidence also shows that global DNA methylation is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to examine the association between CKD and 5-methyl-2-deoxycytidine (5mdC, %), a marker of global DNA methylation, and to evaluate the interaction between metal exposures and 5mdC (%) on CKD. We also explored the mediation effect of 5mdC (%) on the association between metal exposures and renal function (i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR). Methods A total of 218 CKD patients and 422 controls were recruited in this case-control study. 5mdC (%), concentrations of blood lead and cadmium, plasma selenium, and total urinary arsenic were measured. CKD cases were clinically defined among patients with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months and without hemodialysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by logistic regression models to examine the association between metal exposures, 5mdC (%), and CKD, adjusted for confounders. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between metal exposures, 5mdC (%), and eGFR. Results and Discussion CKD cases compared to controls had 6.06-fold (95% CI: 3.11-11.81) higher odds of having high blood cadmium and high 5mdC (%) levels. A positive interaction on an additive scale was identified between blood cadmium and 5mdC (%) on CKD. Cases compared to controls had 4.73-fold (95% CI: 2.65-8.45) higher odds of having low plasma selenium and high 5mdC (%) levels; and a significant multiplicative interaction between plasma selenium and 5mdC (%) on CKD was observed. In addition, we found that blood lead and cadmium concentrations were positively associated, while plasma selenium concentrations were inversely associated, with 5mdC (%). The associations of blood lead and plasma selenium with eGFR were partially mediated by 5mdC (%). Our results suggest that 5mdC (%) may interact with plasma selenium and blood cadmium to influence the risk of CKD. The 5mdC (%) also potentially mediates the associations between exposure to metals and renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mei Hsueh
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hui-Ling Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Li Huang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Sheng Shiue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lun Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Larkin BP, Nguyen LT, Hou M, Glastras SJ, Chen H, Faiz A, Chen J, Wang R, Pollock CA, Saad S. Low-dose hydralazine reduces albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis in a mouse model of obesity-related chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1939-1949. [PMID: 35635331 PMCID: PMC9544807 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine, using a mouse model of obesity, whether low-dose hydralazine prevents obesity-related chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS From 8 weeks of age, male C57BL/6 mice received a high-fat diet (HFD) or chow, with or without low-dose hydralazine (25 mg/L) in drinking water, for 24 weeks. Biometric and metabolic variables, renal function and structural changes, renal global DNA methylation, DNA methylation profile and markers of renal fibrosis, injury, inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed. RESULTS The HFD-fed mice developed obesity, with glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia. Obesity increased albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, which were significantly ameliorated by low-dose hydralazine in the absence of a blood pressure-lowering effect. Obesity increased renal global DNA methylation and this was attenuated by low-dose hydralazine. HFD-induced changes in methylation of individual loci were also significantly reversed by low-dose hydralazine. Obese mice demonstrated increased markers of kidney fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, but these markers were not significantly improved by hydralazine. CONCLUSION Low-dose hydralazine ameliorated HFD-induced albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, independent of alterations in biometric and metabolic variables or blood pressure regulation. Although the precise mechanism of renoprotection in obesity is unclear, an epigenetic basis may be implicated. These data support repurposing hydralazine as a novel therapy to prevent CKD progression in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Larkin
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Long T. Nguyen
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Miao Hou
- Department of CardiologyChildren′s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Sarah J. Glastras
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Alen Faiz
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Anatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rosy Wang
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
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Huang W, Chen YY, Li ZQ, He FF, Zhang C. Recent Advances in the Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810882. [PMID: 36142794 PMCID: PMC9506036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The treatment of DKD is strongly associated with clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus. Traditional therapeutic strategies focus on the control of major risk factors, such as blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors have been the main therapeutic measures in the past, but the emergence of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, incretin mimetics, and endothelin-1 receptor antagonists has provided more options for the management of DKD. Simultaneously, with advances in research on the pathogenesis of DKD, some new therapies targeting renal inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress have gradually entered clinical application. In addition, some recently discovered therapeutic targets and signaling pathways, mainly in preclinical and early clinical trial stages, are expected to provide benefits for patients with DKD in the future. This review summarizes the traditional treatments and emerging management options for DKD, demonstrating recent advances in the therapeutic strategies for DKD.
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Wang Y, Yu F, Li A, He Z, Qu C, He C, Ma X, Zhan H. The progress and prospect of natural components in rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919967. [PMID: 36105187 PMCID: PMC9465315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal fibrosis is a key pathological change that occurs in the progression of almost all chronic kidney diseases . CKD has the characteristics of high morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence is increasing each year on a global scale, which seriously affects people’s health and quality of life. Natural products have been used for new drug development and disease treatment for many years. The abundant natural products in R. ribes L. can intervene in the process of renal fibrosis in different ways and have considerable therapeutic prospects. Purpose: The etiology and pathology of renal fibrosis were analyzed, and the different ways in which the natural components of R. ribes L. can intervene and provide curative effects on the process of renal fibrosis were summarized. Methods: Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Life Science, MEDLINE, and Web of Science, were searched using the keywords ‘R. ribes L.’, ‘kidney fibrosis’, ‘emodin’ and ‘rhein’, and the various ways in which the natural ingredients protect against renal fibrosis were collected and sorted out. Results: We analyzed several factors that play a leading role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, such as the mechanism of the TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Additionally, we reviewed the progress of the treatment of renal fibrosis with natural components in R. ribes L. and the intervention mechanism of the crucial therapeutic targets. Conclusion: The natural components of R. ribes L. have a wide range of intervention effects on renal fibrosis targets, which provides new ideas for the development of new anti-kidney fibrosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangwei Yu
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ao Li
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijia He
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyan Qu
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiying He
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Huakui Zhan,
| | - Huakui Zhan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Sichuan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Huakui Zhan,
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Sharma N, Sircar A, Anders HJ, Gaikwad AB. Crosstalk between kidney and liver in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1024-1038. [PMID: 32223569 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1745851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver and kidney are vital organs that maintain homeostasis and injury to either of them triggers pathogenic pathways affecting the other. For example, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) promotes the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), vice versa acute kidney injury (AKI) endorses the induction and progression of liver dysfunction. Progress in clinical and basic research suggest a role of excessive fructose intake, insulin resistance, inflammatory cytokines production, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, redox imbalance, and their impact on epigenetic regulation of gene expression in this context. Recent developments in experimental and clinical research have identified several biochemical and molecular pathways for AKI-liver interaction, including altered liver enzymes profile, metabolic acidosis, oxidative stress, activation of inflammatory and regulated cell death pathways. This review focuses on the current preclinical and clinical findings on kidney-liver crosstalk in NAFLD-CKD and AKI-liver dysfunction settings and highlights potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anannya Sircar
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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The Role of Betaine in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: a Narrative Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:395-406. [PMID: 35792998 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This narrative review aimed to explore the functions of betaine and discuss its role in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). RECENT FINDINGS Some studies on CKD animal models have shown the benefits of betaine supplementation, including decreased kidney damage, antioxidant recovery status, and decreased inflammation. Betaine (N-trimethylglycine) is an N-trimethylated amino acid with an essential regulatory osmotic function. Moreover, it is a methyl donor and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Additionally, betaine has positive effects on intestinal health by regulating the osmolality and gut microbiota. Due to these crucial functions, betaine has been studied in several diseases, including CKD, in which betaine plasma levels decline with the progression of the disease. Low betaine levels are linked to increased kidney damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal dysbiosis. Furthermore, betaine is considered an essential metabolite for identifying CKD stages.
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Hill C, Avila-Palencia I, Maxwell AP, Hunter RF, McKnight AJ. Harnessing the Full Potential of Multi-Omic Analyses to Advance the Study and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2022; 2:923068. [PMID: 37674991 PMCID: PMC10479694 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2022.923068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was the 12th leading cause of death globally in 2017 with the prevalence of CKD estimated at ~9%. Early detection and intervention for CKD may improve patient outcomes, but standard testing approaches even in developed countries do not facilitate identification of patients at high risk of developing CKD, nor those progressing to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Recent advances in CKD research are moving towards a more personalised approach for CKD. Heritability for CKD ranges from 30% to 75%, yet identified genetic risk factors account for only a small proportion of the inherited contribution to CKD. More in depth analysis of genomic sequencing data in large cohorts is revealing new genetic risk factors for common diagnoses of CKD and providing novel diagnoses for rare forms of CKD. Multi-omic approaches are now being harnessed to improve our understanding of CKD and explain some of the so-called 'missing heritability'. The most common omic analyses employed for CKD are genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics and phenomics. While each of these omics have been reviewed individually, considering integrated multi-omic analysis offers considerable scope to improve our understanding and treatment of CKD. This narrative review summarises current understanding of multi-omic research alongside recent experimental and analytical approaches, discusses current challenges and future perspectives, and offers new insights for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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12
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Rysz J, Franczyk B, Rysz-Górzyńska M, Gluba-Brzózka A. Are Alterations in DNA Methylation Related to CKD Development? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137108. [PMID: 35806113 PMCID: PMC9267048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The modifications in genomic DNA methylation are involved in the regulation of normal and pathological cellular processes. The epigenetic regulation stimulates biological plasticity as an adaptive response to variations in environmental factors. The role of epigenetic changes is vital for the development of some diseases, including atherogenesis, cancers, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The results of studies presented in this review have suggested that altered DNA methylation can modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes, as well those essential for kidney development and function, thus stimulating renal disease progression. Abnormally increased homocysteine, hypoxia, and inflammation have been suggested to alter epigenetic regulation of gene expression in CKD. Studies of renal samples have demonstrated the relationship between variations in DNA methylation and fibrosis and variations in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in human CKD. The unravelling of the genetic–epigenetic profile would enhance our understanding of processes underlying the development of CKD. The understanding of multifaceted relationship between DNA methylation, genes expression, and disease development and progression could improve the ability to identify individuals at risk of CKD and enable the choice of appropriate disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Żeromskego Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Żeromskego Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Magdalena Rysz-Górzyńska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics, Medical Univesity of Lodz, 113 Żeromskego Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Żeromskego Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Ai K, Li X, Zhang P, Pan J, Li H, He Z, Zhang H, Yi L, Kang Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Li Y, Xiang X, Chai X, Zhang D. Genetic or siRNA inhibition of MBD2 attenuates the UUO- and I/R-induced renal fibrosis via downregulation of EGR1. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:77-86. [PMID: 35356685 PMCID: PMC8933641 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the progression of renal fibrosis. Methyl-CpG–binding domain protein 2 (MBD2), a protein reader of methylation, is involved in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by vancomycin. However, the role and mechanism of action of MBD2 in renal remain unclear. In this study, MBD2 mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) production induced by TGF-β1 in Boston University mouse proximal tubule (BUMPT) cells,and upregulated the expression EGR1 to promote ECM production in murine embryonic NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. ChIP analysis demonstrated that MBD2 physically interacted with the promoter region of the CpG islands of EGR1 genes and then activated their expression by inducing hypomethylation of the promoter region. In vivo, PT-MBD2-KO attenuated unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis via downregulation of EGR1, which was demonstrated by the downregulation of fibronectin (FN), collagen I and IV, α-SMA, and EGR1. Injection of MBD2-siRNA attenuated the UUO- and I/R-induced renal fibrosis. Those molecular changes were verified by biopsies from patients with obstructive nephropathy (OB). These data collectively demonstrated that inhibition of MBD2 reduces renal fibrosis via downregulating EGR1, which could be a target for treatment of fibrotic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhou Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibiao He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yi
- Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Kang
- Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhuai Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Li
- Department of Urology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Xiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangping Chai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongshan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China.,Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
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Rodrigo N, Saad S, Pollock C, Glastras SJ. Diet Modification before or during Pregnancy on Maternal and Foetal Outcomes in Rodent Models of Maternal Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:2154. [PMID: 35631295 PMCID: PMC9146671 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has serious implications for women of reproductive age; its rising incidence is associated not just with health implications for the mother but also has transgenerational ramifications for the offspring. Increased incidence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and kidney disease are seen in both the mothers and the offspring. Animal models, such as rodent studies, are fundamental to studying maternal obesity and its impact on maternal and offspring health, as human studies lack rigorous controlled experimental design. Furthermore, the short and prolific reproductive potential of rodents enables examination across multiple generations and facilitates the exploration of interventional strategies to mitigate the impact of maternal obesity, both before and during pregnancy. Given that obesity is a major public health concern, it is important to obtain a greater understanding of its pathophysiology and interaction with reproductive health, placental physiology, and foetal development. This narrative review focuses on the known effects of maternal obesity on the mother and the offspring, and the benefits of interventional strategies, including dietary intervention, before or during pregnancy on maternal and foetal outcomes. It further examines the contribution of rodent models of maternal obesity to elucidating pathophysiological pathways of disease development, as well as methods to reduce the impact of obesity on the mothers and the developing foetus. The translation of these findings into the human experience will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassia Rodrigo
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia;
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2065, Australia; (S.S.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2065, Australia; (S.S.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Carol Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2065, Australia; (S.S.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Glastras
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia;
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2065, Australia; (S.S.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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15
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Cristoferi I, Giacon TA, Boer K, van Baardwijk M, Neri F, Campisi M, Kimenai HJAN, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Pavanello S, Furian L, Minnee RC. The applications of DNA methylation as a biomarker in kidney transplantation: a systematic review. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:20. [PMID: 35130936 PMCID: PMC8822833 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although kidney transplantation improves patient survival and quality of life, long-term results are hampered by both immune- and non-immune-mediated complications. Current biomarkers of post-transplant complications, such as allograft rejection, chronic renal allograft dysfunction, and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, have a suboptimal predictive value. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that directly affects gene expression and plays an important role in processes such as ischemia/reperfusion injury, fibrosis, and alloreactive immune response. Novel techniques can quickly assess the DNA methylation status of multiple loci in different cell types, allowing a deep and interesting study of cells' activity and function. Therefore, DNA methylation has the potential to become an important biomarker for prediction and monitoring in kidney transplantation. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of DNA methylation as a potential biomarker of graft survival and complications development in kidney transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review of several databases has been conducted. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Jadad scale have been used to assess the risk of bias for observational and randomized studies, respectively. RESULTS Twenty articles reporting on DNA methylation as a biomarker for kidney transplantation were included, all using DNA methylation for prediction and monitoring. DNA methylation pattern alterations in cells isolated from different tissues, such as kidney biopsies, urine, and blood, have been associated with ischemia-reperfusion injury and chronic renal allograft dysfunction. These alterations occurred in different and specific loci. DNA methylation status has also proved to be important for immune response modulation, having a crucial role in regulatory T cell definition and activity. Research also focused on a better understanding of the role of this epigenetic modification assessment for regulatory T cells isolation and expansion for future tolerance induction-oriented therapies. CONCLUSIONS Studies included in this review are heterogeneous in study design, biological samples, and outcome. More coordinated investigations are needed to affirm DNA methylation as a clinically relevant biomarker important for prevention, monitoring, and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Cristoferi
- Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Tommaso Antonio Giacon
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University Hospital, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Environmental and Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Padua University, Via Marzolo 3, 35131, Padua, Italy
- Institute of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medicine - DIMED, Padua University Hospital, Via Cesare Battisti 267, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Karin Boer
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe van Baardwijk
- Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Flavia Neri
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University Hospital, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuela Campisi
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Hendrikus J A N Kimenai
- Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marian C Clahsen-van Groningen
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sofia Pavanello
- Occupational Medicine, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua University, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Furian
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padua University Hospital, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Robert C Minnee
- Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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Tanemoto F, Mimura I. Therapies Targeting Epigenetic Alterations in Acute Kidney Injury-to-Chronic Kidney Disease Transition. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020123. [PMID: 35215236 PMCID: PMC8877070 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) was previously thought to be a merely transient event; however, recent epidemiological evidence supports the existence of a causal relationship between AKI episodes and subsequent progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the pathophysiology of this AKI-to-CKD transition is not fully understood, it is mediated by the interplay among multiple components of the kidney including tubular epithelial cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, inflammatory cells, and myofibroblasts. Epigenetic alterations including histone modification, DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs, and chromatin conformational changes, are also expected to be largely involved in the pathophysiology as a “memory” of the initial injury that can persist and predispose to chronic progression of fibrosis. Each epigenetic modification has a great potential as a therapeutic target of AKI-to-CKD transition; timely and target-specific epigenetic interventions to the various temporal stages of AKI-to-CKD transition will be the key to future therapeutic applications in clinical practice. This review elaborates on the latest knowledge of each mechanism and the currently available therapeutic agents that target epigenetic modification in the context of AKI-to-CKD transition. Further studies will elucidate more detailed mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets of AKI-to-CKD transition.
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Witasp A, Luttropp K, Qureshi AR, Barany P, Heimbürger O, Wennberg L, Ekström TJ, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Nordfors L. Longitudinal genome-wide DNA methylation changes in response to kidney failure replacement therapy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:470. [PMID: 35013499 PMCID: PMC8748627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging public health priority associated with high mortality rates and demanding treatment regimens, including life-style changes, medications or even dialysis or renal transplantation. Unavoidably, the uremic milieu disturbs homeostatic processes such as DNA methylation and other vital gene regulatory mechanisms. Here, we aimed to investigate how dialysis or kidney transplantation modifies the epigenome-wide methylation signature over 12 months of treatment. We used the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip on whole blood samples from CKD-patients undergoing either dialysis (n = 11) or kidney transplantation (n = 12) and 24 age- and sex-matched population-based controls. At baseline, comparison between patients and controls identified several significant (PFDR < 0.01) CpG methylation differences in genes with functions relevant to inflammation, cellular ageing and vascular calcification. Following 12 months, the global DNA methylation pattern of patients approached that seen in the control group. Notably, 413 CpG sites remained differentially methylated at follow-up in both treatment groups compared to controls. Together, these data indicate that the uremic milieu drives genome-wide methylation changes that are partially reversed with kidney failure replacement therapy. Differentially methylated CpG sites unaffected by treatment may be of particular interest as they could highlight candidate genes for kidney disease per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Witasp
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, M99, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Luttropp
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdul Rashid Qureshi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, M99, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Barany
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, M99, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Heimbürger
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, M99, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wennberg
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas J Ekström
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, M99, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louise Nordfors
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, M99, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Huang L, Ni J, Duncan T, Song Z, Johnson TS. Development of a unilateral ureteral obstruction model in cynomolgus monkeys. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:359-368. [PMID: 34977487 PMCID: PMC8690991 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a high global prevalence and large unmet need. Central to developing new CKD therapies are in vivo models in CKD. However, next-generation antibody, protein, and gene therapies are highly specific, meaning some do not cross-react with rodent targets. This complicates preclinical development, as established in vivo rodent models cannot be utilized unless tool therapeutics are also developed. Tool compounds can be difficult to develop and, if available, typically have different epitopes, sequences, and/or altered affinity, making it unclear how efficacious the lead therapeutic may be, or what dosing regimen to investigate. To address this, we aimed to develop a nonhuman primate model of CKD. Methods In vivo rodent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) models kidney fibrosis and is commonly used due to its rapidity, consistency, and ease. We describe translation of this model to the cynomolgus monkey, specifically optimizing the model duration to allow adequate time for assessment of novel therapeutics prior to the fibrotic plateau. Results We demonstrated that disease developed more slowly in cynomolgus monkeys than in rodents post-UUO, with advanced fibrosis developing by 6 weeks. The tubulointerstitial fibrosis in cynomolgus monkeys was more consistent with human obstructive disease than in rodents, having a more aggressive tubular basement expansion and a higher fibroblast infiltration. The fibrosis was also associated with increased transglutaminase activity, consistent with that seen in patients with CKD. Conclusion This cynomolgus monkey UUO model can be used to test potential human-specific therapeutics in kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Ni
- Research and DevelopmentPrisys BiotechnologiesPudongChina
- Present address:
Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtdChengduChina
| | | | - Zhizhan Song
- Research and DevelopmentPrisys BiotechnologiesPudongChina
| | - Timothy S. Johnson
- Immunology Therapeutic AreaUCB PharmaSloughUK
- Present address:
Experimental Renal Medicine, Oncology & Human Metabolism, School of MedicineUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Li Y, Pollock CA, Saad S. Aberrant DNA Methylation Mediates the Transgenerational Risk of Metabolic and Chronic Disease Due to Maternal Obesity and Overnutrition. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111653. [PMID: 34828259 PMCID: PMC8624316 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is a rapidly evolving universal epidemic leading to acute and long-term medical and obstetric health issues, including increased maternal risks of gestational diabetes, hypertension and pre-eclampsia, and the future risks for offspring's predisposition to metabolic diseases. Epigenetic modification, in particular DNA methylation, represents a mechanism whereby environmental effects impact on the phenotypic expression of human disease. Maternal obesity or overnutrition contributes to the alterations in DNA methylation during early life which, through fetal programming, can predispose the offspring to many metabolic and chronic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. This review aims to summarize findings from human and animal studies, which support the role of maternal obesity in fetal programing and the potential benefit of altering DNA methylation to limit maternal obesity related disease in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China;
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Larkin BP, Nguyen LT, Hou M, Glastras SJ, Chen H, Wang R, Pollock CA, Saad S. Novel Role of Gestational Hydralazine in Limiting Maternal and Dietary Obesity-Related Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:705263. [PMID: 34485290 PMCID: PMC8416283 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.705263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in offspring, underpinning the theory of the developmental origins of health and disease. DNA methylation has been implicated in the programming of adult chronic disease by maternal obesity, therefore, DNA demethylating agents may mitigate offspring risk of disease. In rodent models, low-dose hydralazine has previously been shown to reduce renal fibrosis via DNA demethylation. We used mouse models of maternal obesity and offspring obesity to determine whether administration of low-dose hydralazine during gestation can prevent fetal programming of CKD in offspring. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice received high fat diet (HFD) or chow prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. During gestation, dams received subcutaneous hydralazine (5 mg/kg) or saline thrice-weekly. Male offspring weaned to HFD or chow, which continued until endpoint at 32 weeks. Biometric and metabolic parameters, renal global DNA methylation, renal functional and structural changes, and renal markers of fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed at endpoint. RESULTS Offspring exposed to maternal obesity or diet-induced obesity had significantly increased renal global DNA methylation, together with other adverse renal effects including albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, renal fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Offspring exposed to gestational hydralazine had significantly reduced renal global DNA methylation. In obese offspring of obese mothers, gestational hydralazine significantly decreased albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and serum creatinine. Obese offspring of hydralazine-treated lean mothers displayed reduced markers of renal fibrosis and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Gestational hydralazine decreased renal global DNA methylation and exerted renoprotective effects in offspring. This supports a potential therapeutic effect of hydralazine in preventing maternal obesity or dietary obesity-related CKD, through an epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Larkin
- Renal Research Laboratory, Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Long T. Nguyen
- Renal Research Laboratory, Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Miao Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sarah J. Glastras
- Renal Research Laboratory, Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosy Wang
- Renal Research Laboratory, Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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Shao BY, Zhang SF, Li HD, Meng XM, Chen HY. Epigenetics and Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:649587. [PMID: 34025445 PMCID: PMC8131683 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.649587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) leads to high morbidity and disability. Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of DN, which involves renal cells and immune cells, the microenvironment, as well as extrinsic factors, such as hyperglycemia, chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors. Epigenetic modifications usually regulate gene expression via DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs without altering the DNA sequence. During the past years, numerous studies have been published to reveal the mechanisms of epigenetic modifications that regulate inflammation in DN. This review aimed to summarize the latest evidence on the interplay of epigenetics and inflammation in DN, and highlight the potential targets for treatment and diagnosis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yi Shao
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shao-Fei Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Di Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Yong Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Larkin BP, Saad S, Glastras SJ, Nguyen LT, Hou M, Chen H, Wang R, Pollock CA. Low-dose hydralazine during gestation reduces renal fibrosis in rodent offspring exposed to maternal high fat diet. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248854. [PMID: 33735324 PMCID: PMC7971884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal high fat diet (HFD) promotes chronic kidney disease (CKD) in offspring. This is in accordance with the theory of fetal programming, which suggests adverse conditions occurring in utero predispose offspring to chronic conditions later in life. DNA methylation has been proposed as a key mechanism by which fetal programming occurs and is implicated in CKD progression. DNA demethylating drugs may interrupt the fetal programming of CKD by maternal obesity. Hydralazine, an antihypertensive agent, demethylates DNA at low doses which do not reduce blood pressure. We used a mouse model of maternal obesity to determine whether gestational administration of low-dose hydralazine to mothers can prevent CKD in offspring. METHODS C57BL/6 dams received HFD or chow from 6 weeks prior to mating and were administered subcutaneous hydralazine (5mg/kg) or saline thrice weekly during gestation. Male offspring were weaned to chow and were sacrificed at either postnatal week 9 or week 32. Biometric and metabolic parameters, renal global DNA methylation, renal structural and functional changes and markers of fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation were measured in offspring at weeks 9 and 32. RESULTS In week 9 offspring, maternal HFD consumption did not significantly alter anthropometric or metabolic parameters, or renal global DNA methylation. Week 32 offspring had increased renal global DNA methylation, together with albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, renal fibrosis and oxidative stress. Administration of low-dose hydralazine to obese mothers during gestation reduced renal global DNA methylation and renal fibrotic markers in week 32 offspring. CONCLUSION Gestational hydralazine reduced renal global DNA methylation in offspring of obese mothers and attenuated maternal obesity-induced renal fibrosis. These data support the use of low-dose hydralazine as a demethylating agent to prevent CKD arising in offspring due to maternal HFD consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Larkin
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Glastras
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Long T. Nguyen
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Miao Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rosy Wang
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Xia J, Cao W. Epigenetic modifications of Klotho expression in kidney diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:581-592. [PMID: 33547909 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Developments of many renal diseases are substantially influenced by epigenetic modifications of numerous genes, mainly mediated by DNA methylations, histone modifications, and microRNA interference; however, not all gene modifications causally affect the disease onset or progression. Klotho is a critical gene whose repressions in various pathological conditions reportedly involve epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Klotho is almost unexceptionally repressed early after acute or chronic renal injuries and its levels inversely correlated with the disease progression and severity. Moreover, the strategies of Klotho derepression via epigenetic modulations beneficially change the pathological courses both in vitro and in vivo. Hence, Klotho is not only considered a biomarker of the renal disease but also a potential or even an ideal target of therapeutic epigenetic intervention. Here, we summarize and discuss studies that investigate the Klotho repression and intervention in renal diseases from an epigenetic point of view. These information might shed new sights into the effective therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat various renal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Xia
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wangsen Cao
- Center for Organ Fibrosis and Remodeling Research, Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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24
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Glastras SJ, Valvi D, Bansal A. Editorial: Developmental Programming of Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:781361. [PMID: 34745018 PMCID: PMC8566724 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.781361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Glastras
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, and Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Damaskini Valvi, ; Amita Bansal,
| | - Amita Bansal
- Australian National University (ANU) Medical School, and John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Damaskini Valvi, ; Amita Bansal,
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25
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Kale A, Sankrityayan H, Anders HJ, Gaikwad AB. Epigenetic and non-epigenetic regulation of Klotho in kidney disease. Life Sci 2020; 264:118644. [PMID: 33141039 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Klotho is a novel renoprotective anti-aging protein available in membrane-bound or soluble form. Klotho is expressed in brain, pancreas, and other solid organs but shows highest expression levels in the kidney. Klotho sustains normal kidney physiology but Klotho regulation also contributes to the progression of kidney disease. Systemic and intrarenal levels of Klotho fall drastically during acute kidney injury, kidney fibrosis, diabetic nephropathy, and other forms of chronic kidney disease, etc. Moreover, exogenous supplementation or overexpression of endogenous Klotho attenuates kidney disease. The regulation of endogenous Klotho expression involves epigenetic as well as non-epigenetic mechanisms. The epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, miRNAs regulate the change in Klotho expression in kidney disease. Non-epigenetic mechanisms such as ER stress, Wnt signaling, activation of the renin angiotensin system (RAS), excessive reactive oxygen species and cytokine generation, albumin overload, and PPAR-γ signaling also contribute to Klotho regulation. Evolving evidence highlight the capacity of natural products to regulate Klotho expression in kidney disease. All these preclinical data suggest that Klotho could be a novel biomarker as well as therapeutic target. Here we review the different mechanisms of Klotho regulation in the context of Klotho as a biomarker and potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajinath Kale
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Himanshu Sankrityayan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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26
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Food as medicine: targeting the uraemic phenotype in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:153-171. [PMID: 32963366 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The observation that unhealthy diets (those that are low in whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and high in sugar, salt, saturated fat and ultra-processed foods) are a major risk factor for poor health outcomes has boosted interest in the concept of 'food as medicine'. This concept is especially relevant to metabolic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), in which dietary approaches are already used to ameliorate metabolic and nutritional complications. Increased awareness that toxic uraemic metabolites originate not only from intermediary metabolism but also from gut microbial metabolism, which is directly influenced by diet, has fuelled interest in the potential of 'food as medicine' approaches in CKD beyond the current strategies of protein, sodium and phosphate restriction. Bioactive nutrients can alter the composition and metabolism of the microbiota, act as modulators of transcription factors involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, act as senolytics and impact the epigenome by altering one-carbon metabolism. As gut dysbiosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, premature ageing and epigenetic changes are common features of CKD, these findings suggest that tailored, healthy diets that include bioactive nutrients as part of the foodome could potentially be used to prevent and treat CKD and its complications.
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27
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DNA Methylation Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070811. [PMID: 32708735 PMCID: PMC7397141 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal disease is the common denominator of a number of underlying disease conditions, whose prevalence has been dramatically increasing over the last two decades. Two aspects are particularly relevant to the subject of this review: (I) most cases are gathered under the umbrella of chronic kidney disease since they require—predictably for several lustrums—continuous clinical monitoring and treatment to slow down disease progression and prevent complications; (II) cardiovascular disease is a terrible burden in this population of patients, in that it claims many lives yearly, while only a scant minority reach the renal disease end stage. Why indeed a review on DNA methylation and renal disease? As we hope to convince you, the present evidence supports the role of the existence of various derangements of the epigenetic control of gene expression in renal disease, which hold the potential to improve our ability, in the future, to more effectively act toward disease progression, predict outcomes and offer novel therapeutic approaches.
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28
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Nie L, Liu Y, Zhang B, Zhao J. Application of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Renal Interstitial Fibrosis. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 6:226-235. [PMID: 32903948 DOI: 10.1159/000505295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal interstitial fibrosis is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, which is a common feature of chronic kidney diseases. SUMMARY Increasing evidence has shown the aberrant expression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the development and progression of renal fibrosis, suggesting the possibility of utilizing HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) as therapeutics for renal fibrosis. Recent studies have successfully demonstrated the antifibrotic effects of HDACis in various animal models, which are associated with multiple signaling pathways including TGF-β signaling, EGRF signaling, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, and JNK/Notch2 signaling. This review will focus on the utilization of HDACi as antifibrotic agents and its relative molecular mechanisms. KEY MESSAGES HDACis have shown promising results in antifibrotic therapy, and it is rational to anticipate that HDACis will improve clinical outcomes of renal fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (The Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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29
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Oxidative stress: Normal pregnancy versus preeclampsia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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30
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Epigenetic regulation of ILDR2 in the cord blood of obese mothers. TRANSLATIONAL METABOLIC SYNDROME RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmsr.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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31
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The renal expression of epigenetic biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy. TRANSLATIONAL METABOLIC SYNDROME RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmsr.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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