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Karnawat K, Parthasarathy R, Sakhrie M, Karthik H, Krishna KV, Balachander GM. Building in vitro models for mechanistic understanding of liver regeneration in chronic liver diseases. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:7669-7691. [PMID: 38973693 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00738g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The liver has excellent regeneration potential and attains complete functional recovery from partial hepatectomy. The regenerative mechanisms malfunction in chronic liver diseases (CLDs), which fuels disease progression. CLDs account for 2 million deaths per year worldwide. Pathophysiological studies with clinical correlation have shown evidence of deviation of normal regenerative mechanisms and its contribution to fueling fibrosis and disease progression. However, we lack realistic in vitro models that can allow experimental manipulation for mechanistic understanding of liver regeneration in CLDs and testing of candidate drugs. In this review, we aim to provide the framework for building appropriate organotypic models for dissecting regenerative responses in CLDs, with the focus on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). By drawing parallels with development and hepatectomy, we explain the selection of critical components such as cells, signaling, and, substrate-driven biophysical cues to build an appropriate CLD model. We highlight the organoid-based organotypic models available for NASH disease modeling, including organ-on-a-chip and 3D bioprinted models. With the focus on bioprinting as a fabrication method, we prescribe building in vitro CLD models and testing schemes for exploring the regenerative responses in the bioprinted model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushi Karnawat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Rithika Parthasarathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Mesevilhou Sakhrie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Harikeshav Karthik
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Konatala Vibhuvan Krishna
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Gowri Manohari Balachander
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi-221005, India.
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Song J, Kim HK, Cho H, Yoon SJ, Lim J, Lee K, Hwang ES. TAZ deficiency exacerbates psoriatic pathogenesis by increasing the histamine-releasing factor. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:60. [PMID: 38734624 PMCID: PMC11088771 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-biding motif (TAZ) is widely expressed in most tissues and interacts with several transcription factors to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and death, thereby influencing organ development and size control. However, very little is known about the function of TAZ in the immune system and its association with inflammatory skin diseases, so we investigated the role of TAZ in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. RESULTS Interestingly, TAZ was expressed in mast cells associated, particularly in lysosomes, and co-localized with histamine-releasing factor (HRF). TAZ deficiency promoted mast cell maturation and increased HRF expression and secretion by mast cells. The upregulation of HRF in TAZ deficiency was not due to increased transcription but to protein stabilization, and TAZ restoration into TAZ-deficient cells reduced HRF protein. Interestingly, imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis, in which HRF serves as a major pro-inflammatory factor, was more severe in TAZ KO mice than in WT control. HRF expression and secretion were increased by IMQ treatment and were more pronounced in TAZ KO mice treated with IMQ. CONCLUSIONS Thus, as HRF expression was stabilized in TAZ KO mice, psoriatic pathogenesis progressed more rapidly, indicating that TAZ plays an important role in preventing psoriasis by regulating HRF protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseo Song
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Suh Jin Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Jihae Lim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Kyunglim Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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Scheidecker B, Poulain S, Sugimoto M, Arakawa H, Kim SH, Kawanishi T, Kato Y, Danoy M, Nishikawa M, Sakai Y. Mechanobiological stimulation in organ-on-a-chip systems reduces hepatic drug metabolic capacity in favor of regenerative specialization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1435-1452. [PMID: 38184801 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic physiology depends on the liver's complex structural composition which among others, provides high oxygen supply rates, locally differential oxygen tension, endothelial paracrine signaling, as well as residual hemodynamic shear stress to resident hepatocytes. While functional improvements were shown by implementing these factors into hepatic culture systems, direct cause-effect relationships are often not well characterized-obfuscating their individual contribution in more complex microphysiological systems. By comparing increasingly complex hepatic in vitro culture systems that gradually implement these parameters, we investigate the influence of the cellular microenvironment to overall hepatic functionality in pharmacological applications. Here, hepatocytes were modulated in terms of oxygen tension and supplementation, endothelial coculture, and exposure to fluid shear stress delineated from oxygen influx. Results from transcriptomic and metabolomic evaluation indicate that particularly oxygen supply rates are critical to enhance cellular functionality-with cellular drug metabolism remaining comparable to physiological conditions after prolonged static culture. Endothelial signaling was found to be a major contributor to differential phenotype formation known as metabolic zonation, indicated by WNT pathway activity. Lastly, oxygen-delineated shear stress was identified to direct cellular fate towards increased hepatic plasticity and regenerative phenotypes at the cost of drug metabolic functionality - in line with regenerative effects observed in vivo. With these results, we provide a systematic evaluation of critical parameters and their impact in hepatic systems. Given their adherence to physiological effects in vivo, this highlights the importance of their implementation in biomimetic devices, such as organ-on-a-chip systems. Considering recent advances in basic liver biology, direct translation of physiological structures into in vitro models is a promising strategy to expand the capabilities of pharmacological models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphane Poulain
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Yamagata, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Soo H Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawanishi
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mathieu Danoy
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang C, Sun C, Zhao Y, Ye B, Yu G. Signaling pathways of liver regeneration: Biological mechanisms and implications. iScience 2024; 27:108683. [PMID: 38155779 PMCID: PMC10753089 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver possesses a unique regenerative ability to restore its original mass, in this regard, partial hepatectomy (PHx) and partial liver transplantation (PLTx) can be executed smoothly and safely, which has important implications for the treatment of liver disease. Liver regeneration (LR) can be the very complicated procedure that involves multiple cytokines and transcription factors that interact with each other to activate different signaling pathways. Activation of these pathways can drive the LR process, which can be divided into three stages, namely, the initiation, progression, and termination stages. Therefore, it is important to investigate the pathways involved in LR to elucidate the mechanism of LR. This study reviews the latest research on the key signaling pathways in the different stages of LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Caifang Sun
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yabin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Bingyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - GuoYing Yu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, College of Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Liu Y, An Y, Li G, Wang S. Regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization based on Hippo pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279591. [PMID: 38090595 PMCID: PMC10715437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are found to infiltrate and migrate in a large number of Tumor-associated macrophages (TMEs) and other macrophages in the microenvironment of tumors and related diseases, and undergo phenotypic changes in response to a variety of cytokines, mainly including the primary phenotype M2 and the anti-tumor phenotype M1. The Hippo signaling pathway affects the development of cancer and other diseases through various biological processes, such as inhibition of cell growth. In this review, we focus on immune cells within the microenvironment of tumors and other diseases, and the role of the Hippo pathway in tumors on macrophage polarization in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Liu
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yina An
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gebin Li
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaiyu Wang
- The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center of Research and Innovation of Chinese Traditional Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Pibiri M, Simbula G. Role of the Hippo pathway in liver regeneration and repair: recent advances. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:59. [PMID: 36471376 PMCID: PMC9720992 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the signaling pathways involved in normal liver regeneration have been well characterized, less has been done for livers affected by chronic tissue damage. These "abnormal livers" have an impaired regenerative response that leads to liver repair and fibrosis. The tumor suppressor Hippo pathway plays a key role in liver regeneration and repair. On this basis, this review discusses recent studies focusing on the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway during "normal healthy liver regeneration" (i.e., in a normal liver after 2/3 partial hepatectomy) and "abnormal liver regeneration" (i.e., in a liver damaged by chronic disease). This could be an important question to address with respect to new therapies aimed at improving impaired liver regenerative responses. The studies reported here have shown that activation of the Hippo coactivators YAP/TAZ during normal liver regeneration promotes the formation of a new bile duct network through direct BEC proliferation or/and hepatocyte dedifferentiation to HPCs which can trans-differentiate to BECs. Moreover, YAP/TAZ signaling interaction with other signaling pathways mediates the recruitment and activation of Kupffer cells, which release mitogenic cytokines for parenchymal and/or non-parenchymal cells and engage in phagocytosis of cellular debris. In addition, YAP-mediated activation of stellate cells (HSCs) promotes liver regeneration through the synthesis of extracellular matrix. However, in chronically diseased livers, where the predetermined threshold for proper liver regeneration is exceeded, YAP/TAZ activation results in a reparative process characterized by liver fibrosis. In this condition, YAP/TAZ activation in parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells results in (i) differentiation of quiescent HSCs into myofibroblastic HSCs; (ii) recruitment of macrophages releasing inflammatory cytokines; (iii) polarization of macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. Since accumulation of damaged hepatocytes in chronic liver injury represent a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocarcinoma, this review also discussed the involvement of the Hippo pathway in the clearance of damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pibiri
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, Blocco A. 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Simbula
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oncology and Molecular Pathology Unit, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, Blocco A. 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Oh HT, Heo W, Yoo GD, Kim KM, Hwang JH, Hwang ES, Ko J, Ko YG, Hong JH. CD133-Src-TAZ signaling stimulates ductal fibrosis following DDC diet-induced liver injury. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4504-4516. [PMID: 36250997 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver injury follows inflammation and liver fibrosis; however, the molecular mechanism underlying fibrosis has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the role of ductal WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) was investigated after liver injury. Ductal TAZ-knockout (DKO) mice showed decreased liver fibrosis following a Diethyl 1,4-dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate (DDC) diet compared to wild-type (WT) mice, as evidenced by decreased expression levels of fibrosis inducers, including connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf)/cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2), cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61/CCN1), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (Tgfb1), in DKO mice. Similarly, TAZ-knockout (KO) cholangiocyte organoids showed decreased expression of fibrosis inducers. Additionally, the culture supernatant of TAZ-KO cholangiocyte organoids decreased the fibrogenic gene expression in liver stellate cells. Further studies revealed that prominin 1 (PROM1/CD133) stimulated TAZ for fibrosis. After the administration of DDC diet, fibrosis was decreased in CD133-KO (CD133-KO) mice compared to that in WT mice. Similarly, CD133-KO cholangiocyte organoids showed decreased Ctgf, Cyr61, and Tgfb1 expression levels compared to WT cholangiocyte organoids. Mechanistically, CD133 stabilized TAZ via Src activation. Inhibition of Src decreased TAZ levels. Similarly, CD133-knockdown HCT116 cells showed decreased TAZ levels, but reintroduction of active Src recovered the TAZ levels. Taken together, our results suggest that TAZ facilitates liver fibrosis after a DDC diet via the CD133-Src-TAZ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Taek Oh
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Heo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Don Yoo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ha Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesang Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhu Y, Li Z, Zhang J, Liu M, Jiang X, Li B. Identification of crucial lncRNAs and mRNAs in liver regeneration after portal vein ligation through weighted gene correlation network analysis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:665. [PMID: 36131263 PMCID: PMC9490934 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal vein ligation (PVL)-induced liver hypertrophy increases future liver remnant (FLR) volume and improves resectability of large hepatic carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanism by which PVL facilitates liver hypertrophy remains poorly understood. METHODS To gain mechanistic insight, we established a rat PVL model and carried out a comprehensive transcriptome analyses of hepatic lobes preserving portal blood supply at 0, 1, 7, and 14-day after PVL. The differentially expressed (DE) long-non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs were applied to conduct weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). LncRNA-mRNA co-expression network was constructed in the most significant module. The modules and genes associated with PVL-induced liver hypertrophy were assessed through quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS A total of 4213 DElncRNAs and 6809 DEmRNAs probesets, identified by transcriptome analyses, were used to carry out WGCNA, by which 10 modules were generated. The largest and most significant module (marked in black_M6) was selected for further analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the module exhibited several key biological processes associated with liver regeneration such as complement activation, IL-6 production, Wnt signaling pathway, autophagy, etc. Sixteen mRNAs (Notch1, Grb2, IL-4, Cops4, Stxbp1, Khdrbs2, Hdac2, Gnb3, Gng10, Tlr2, Sod1, Gosr2, Rbbp5, Map3k3, Golga2, and Rev3l) and ten lncRNAs (BC092620, AB190508, EF076772, BC088302, BC158675, BC100646, BC089934, L20987, BC091187, and M23890) were identified as hub genes in accordance with gene significance value, module membership value, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network. Furthermore, the overexpression of 3 mRNAs (Notch1, Grb2 and IL-4) and 4 lncRNAs (BC089934, EF076772, BC092620, and BC088302) was validated in hypertrophic liver lobe tissues from PVL rats and patients undergoing hepatectomy after portal vein embolization (PVE). CONCLUSIONS Microarray and WGCNA analysis revealed that the 3 mRNAs (Notch1, Grb2 and IL-4) and the 4 lncRNAs (BC089934, EF076772, BC092620 and BC088302) may be promising targets for accelerating liver regeneration before extensive hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Secondary Military Medicine University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhishuai Li
- Biliary Tract Surgery Department I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Secondary Military Medicine University, 225 Changhai Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Biliary Tract Surgery Department I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Secondary Military Medicine University, 225 Changhai Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- Biliary Tract Surgery Department I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Secondary Military Medicine University, 225 Changhai Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- Biliary Tract Surgery Department I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Secondary Military Medicine University, 225 Changhai Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Li
- Biliary Tract Surgery Department I, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Secondary Military Medicine University, 225 Changhai Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China.
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Chen D, Zhang H, Zhang X, Sun X, Qin Q, Hou Y, Jia M, Chen Y. Roles of Yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif in non-neoplastic liver diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113166. [PMID: 35609372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of liver disease has been increasing worldwide. Moreover, the burden of end-stage liver disease, including cirrhosis and liver cancer, is high because of high mortality and suboptimal treatment. The pathological process of liver disease includes steatosis, hepatocyte death, and fibrosis, which ultimately lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Clinical and preclinical evidence indicates that non-neoplastic liver diseases, particularly cirrhosis, are major risk factors for liver cancer, although the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional activators that regulate organ size and cancer development. YAP and TAZ play important roles in liver development, regeneration, and homeostasis. Abnormal YAP and TAZ levels have also been implicated in non-neoplastic liver diseases (e.g., non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, liver injury, and liver fibrosis). Here, we review recent findings on the roles of YAP and TAZ in non-neoplastic liver diseases and discuss directions for future research. This review provides a basis for the study of non-neoplastic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; School of Basic and Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Qiaohong Qin
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Min Jia
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
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Jeong MG, Kim HK, Lee G, Won HY, Yoon DH, Hwang ES. TAZ promotes PDX1-mediated insulinogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:186. [PMID: 35279781 PMCID: PMC11071806 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a key mediator of the Hippo signaling pathway and regulates structural and functional homeostasis in various tissues. TAZ activation is associated with the development of pancreatic cancer in humans, but it is unclear whether TAZ directly affects the structure and function of the pancreas. So we sought to identify the TAZ function in the normal pancreas. TAZ defect caused structural changes in the pancreas, particularly islet cell shrinkage and decreased insulin production and β-cell markers expression, leading to hyperglycemia. Interestingly, TAZ physically interacted with the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), a key insulin transcription factor, through the N-terminal domain of TAZ and the homeodomain of PDX1. TAZ deficiency decreased the DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of PDX1, whereas TAZ overexpression promoted PDX1 activity and increased insulin production even in a low glucose environment. Indeed, high glucose increased insulin production by turning off the Hippo pathway and inducing TAZ activation in pancreatic β-cells. Ectopic TAZ overexpression along with PDX1 activation was sufficient to produce insulin in non-β-cells. TAZ deficiency impaired the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into insulin-producing cells (IPCs), whereas TAZ recovery restored normal IPCs differentiation. Compared to WT control, body weight increased in TAZ-deficient mice with age and even more with a high-fat diet (HFD). TAZ deficiency significantly exacerbated HFD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Therefore, TAZ deficiency impaired pancreatic insulin production, causing hyperglycemia and exacerbating HFD-induced insulin resistance, indicating that TAZ may have a beneficial effect in treating insulin deficiency in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science Building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science Building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Gibbeum Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science Building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Won
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science Building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Da Hye Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science Building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science Building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
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Li D, Chen L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Huang C, Li J, He F, He W. miR‑125a‑5p reverses epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and restores drug sensitivity by negatively regulating TAFAZZIN signaling in breast cancer. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:812. [PMID: 34549308 PMCID: PMC8477177 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)‑125a‑5p represses tafazzin phospholipid‑lysophospholipid transacylases (TAFAZZIN) expression and inhibits the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) of ovarian cancer cells. EMT was found to have a crucial role in the acquisition of chemoresistance. Thus, the present study aimed to determine whether miR‑125a‑5p reverses EMT and restores drug sensitivity by negatively regulating TAFAZZIN in breast cancer. The expression of miR‑125a‑5p/TAFAZZIN and its association with chemotherapy response were determined in tissue samples from patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, the effects of miR‑125a‑5p on breast cancer cells were elucidated using cell proliferation and cell apoptosis assays. Then, the regulatory mechanism of miR‑125a‑5p in breast cancer was investigated by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blotting, dual‑luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. The results demonstrated that miR‑125a‑5p inhibited the EMT of MCF‑7/adriamycin (Adr) breast cancer cells, as well as decreased the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of breast cancer cells treated with Adr/docetaxel. In addition, miR‑125a‑5p downregulated the expression levels of TAFAZZIN, Transglutaminase 2, phosphorylated‑AKT, N‑cadherin, vimentin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and significantly increased those of E‑cadherin, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax in MCF7/Adr cells. Similar results were obtained with small interfering RNA‑TAFAZZIN. Moreover, TAFAZZIN was identified as a direct target of miR‑125a‑5p in MCF7/Adr breast cancer cells. In addition, increased miR‑125a‑5p expression was observed in breast tumors from patients exhibiting a chemotherapy response, and TAFAZZIN mRNA expression was elevated in patients with no chemotherapy response. Hence, miR‑125a‑5p expression was negatively correlated with TAFAZZIN mRNA expression in breast cancer tissues. All these data suggested that miR‑125a‑5p reverses EMT and restores drug sensitivity by negatively regulating TAFAZZIN in breast cancer and, therefore, has potential as a novel therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University (Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Limei Chen
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University (Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University (Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Chuansheng Huang
- Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University (Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Jianglong Li
- Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University (Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Feilong He
- Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University (Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Wenxing He
- Breast Cancer Center, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University (Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
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TAZ as a novel regulator of oxidative damage in decidualization via Nrf2/ARE/Foxo1 pathway. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1307-1318. [PMID: 34497345 PMCID: PMC8492733 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TAZ, as a crucial effector of Hippo pathway, is required for spermatogenesis and fertilization, but little is known regarding its physiological function in uterine decidualization. In this study, we showed that TAZ was localized in the decidua, where it promoted stromal cell proliferation followed by accelerated G1/S phase transition via Ccnd3 and Cdk4 and induced the expression or activity of stromal differentiation markers Prl8a2, Prl3c1 and ALP, indicating the importance of TAZ in decidualization. Knockdown of TAZ impeded HB-EGF induction of stromal cell proliferation and differentiation. Under oxidative stress, TAZ protected stromal differentiation against oxidative damage by reducing intracellular ROS and enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity dependent on the Nrf2/ARE/Foxo1 pathway. TAZ strengthened the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 which directly bound to the antioxidant response element (ARE) of Foxo1 promoter region. Additionally, silencing TAZ caused accumulation of intracellular ROS through heightening NOX activity whose blockade by APO reversed the disruption in stromal differentiation. Further analysis revealed that TAZ might restore mitochondrial function, as indicated by the increase in ATP level, mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial membrane potential with the reduction in mitochondrial superoxide. Additionally, TAZ modulated the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and III whose suppression by ROT and AA resulted in the inability of TAZ to defend against oxidative damage to stromal differentiation. Moreover, TAZ prevented stromal cell apoptosis by upregulating Bcl2 expression and inhibiting Casp3 activity and Bax expression. In summary, TAZ might mediate HB-EGF function in uterine decidualization through Ccnd3 and ameliorate oxidative damage to stromal cell differentiation via Nrf2/ARE/Foxo1 pathway. A protein known to regulate cell proliferation plays a key role in preparing a woman’s uterus for pregnancy, a finding that could inform future treatments for female infertility. A team led by Zhan-Peng Yue and Bin Guo from Jilin University, Changchun, China, examined the role of a co-activator protein called TAZ in decidualization, the process in which the uterine lining changes hormonally and biochemically following ovulation. The researchers showed that TAZ levels build up in the mucosal lining of the uterus, where the protein works with various regulators of the cell cycle to promote the proliferation of connective tissue cells known as stromal cells, which support early embryonic development. The researchers demonstrated that in the face of oxidative stress TAZ helps orchestrate molecular detoxification mechanisms that protect these stromal cells from damage.
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13
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Ait Ahmed Y, Fu Y, Rodrigues RM, He Y, Guan Y, Guillot A, Ren R, Feng D, Hidalgo J, Ju C, Lafdil F, Gao B. Kupffer cell restoration after partial hepatectomy is mainly driven by local cell proliferation in IL-6-dependent autocrine and paracrine manners. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2165-2176. [PMID: 34282300 PMCID: PMC8429713 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs), which are liver-resident macrophages, originate from the fetal yolk sac and represent one of the largest macrophage populations in the body. However, the current data on the origin of the cells that restore macrophages during liver injury and regeneration remain controversial. Here, we address the question of whether liver macrophage restoration results from circulating monocyte infiltration or local KC proliferation in regenerating livers after partial hepatectomy (PHx) and uncover the underlying mechanisms. By using several strains of genetically modified mice and performing immunohistochemical analyses, we demonstrated that local KC proliferation mainly contributed to the restoration of liver macrophages after PHx. Peak KC proliferation was impaired in Il6-knockout (KO) mice and restored after the administration of IL-6 protein, whereas KC proliferation was not affected in Il4-KO or Csf2-KO mice. The source of IL-6 was identified using hepatocyte- and myeloid-specific Il6-KO mice and the results revealed that both hepatocytes and myeloid cells contribute to IL-6 production after PHx. Moreover, peak KC proliferation was also impaired in myeloid-specific Il6 receptor-KO mice after PHx, suggesting that IL-6 signaling directly promotes KC proliferation. Studies using several inhibitors to block the IL-6 signaling pathway revealed that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) contributed to IL-6-mediated KC proliferation in vitro. Genetic deletion of the Sirt1 gene in myeloid cells, including KCs, impaired KC proliferation after PHx. In conclusion, our data suggest that KC repopulation after PHx is mainly driven by local KC proliferation, which is dependent on IL-6 and SIRT1 activation in KCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robim M Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruixue Ren
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Hidalgo
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cynthia Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France.
- INSERM U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France.
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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14
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Nguyen-Lefebvre AT, Selzner N, Wrana JL, Bhat M. The hippo pathway: A master regulator of liver metabolism, regeneration, and disease. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21570. [PMID: 33831275 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002284rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the only visceral organ in the body with a tremendous capacity to regenerate in response to insults that induce inflammation, cell death, and injury. Liver regeneration is a complicated process involving a well-orchestrated activation of non-parenchymal cells in the injured area and proliferation of undamaged hepatocytes. Furthermore, the liver has a Hepatostat, defined as adjustment of its volume to that required for homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms that control different steps of liver regeneration is critical to informing therapies for liver repair, to help patients with liver disease. The Hippo signaling pathway is well known for playing an essential role in the control and regulation of liver size, regeneration, stem cell self-renewal, and liver cancer. Thus, the Hippo pathway regulates dynamic cell fates in liver, and in absence of its downstream effectors YAP and TAZ, liver regeneration is severely impaired, and the proliferative expansion of liver cells blocked. We will mainly review upstream mechanisms activating the Hippo signaling pathway following partial hepatectomy in mouse model and patients, its roles during different steps of liver regeneration, metabolism, and cancer. We will also discuss how targeting the Hippo signaling cascade might improve liver regeneration and suppress liver tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Nguyen-Lefebvre
- Department of Medicine, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nazia Selzner
- Department of Medicine, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mamatha Bhat
- Department of Medicine, Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Xia L, Wang S, Jiang Z, Chi J, Yu S, Li H, Zhang Y, Li L, Zhou C, Liu W, Han B. Hemostatic performance of chitosan-based hydrogel and its study on biodistribution and biodegradability in rats. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:117965. [PMID: 33910708 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hemostasis is of great significance regardless of the smooth operation or postoperative recovery. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a hemostatic material with excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. It is well known that both carboxymethyl chitosan and hyaluronic acid with biodegradability and biocompatibility have wound healing promoting property. Here, a degradable chitosan-based hydrogel was prepared based on carboxymethyl chitosan and cross-linked by oxidized hyaluronic acid. The hemostatic performance of the hydrogel in rat liver resection injury was evaluated which results showed that the hydrogel exhibited comparable hemostatic properties compared with Fibrin Sealant. In addition, the hydrogel proved to be rapidly absorbed by the body without significant accumulation in vivo, demonstrating good biodegradability and biocompatibility. The overall results suggested the hydrogel will be a promising hemostatic hydrogel for controlling bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Xia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, PR China
| | - Jinhua Chi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Shuqin Yu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Hongjian Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Changren Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Wanshun Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Baoqin Han
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, PR China.
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16
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Jeong MG, Kim HK, Hwang ES. The essential role of TAZ in normal tissue homeostasis. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:253-262. [PMID: 33770379 PMCID: PMC8009801 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01322-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) has been extensively characterized in organ development, tissue regeneration, and tumor progression. In particular, TAZ functions as a Hippo mediator that regulates organ size, tumor growth and migration. It is highly expressed in various types of human cancer, and has been reported to be associated with tumor metastasis and poor outcomes in cancer patients, suggesting that TAZ is an oncogenic regulator. Yes-associated protein (YAP) has 60% similarity in amino acid sequence to TAZ and plays redundant roles with TAZ in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Therefore, TAZ and YAP, which are encoded by paralogous genes, are referred to as TAZ/YAP and are suggested to be functionally equivalent. Despite its similarity to YAP, TAZ can be clearly distinguished from YAP based on its genetic, structural, and functional aspects. In addition, targeting superabundant TAZ can be a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment; however, persistent TAZ inactivation may cause failure of tissue homeostatic control. This review focuses primarily on TAZ, not YAP, discusses its structural features and physiological functions in the regulation of tissue homeostasis, and provides new insights into the drug development targeting TAZ to control reproductive and musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyeong Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, C206 Science building, 52 Ewhayeodae-Gil, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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17
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Verboven E, Moya IM, Sansores-Garcia L, Xie J, Hillen H, Kowalczyk W, Vella G, Verhulst S, Castaldo SA, Algueró-Nadal A, Romanelli L, Mercader-Celma C, Souza NA, Soheily S, Van Huffel L, Van Brussel T, Lambrechts D, Roskams T, Lemaigre FP, Bergers G, van Grunsven LA, Halder G. Regeneration Defects in Yap and Taz Mutant Mouse Livers Are Caused by Bile Duct Disruption and Cholestasis. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:847-862. [PMID: 33127392 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Hippo pathway and its downstream effectors YAP and TAZ (YAP/TAZ) are heralded as important regulators of organ growth and regeneration. However, different studies provided contradictory conclusions about their role during regeneration of different organs, ranging from promoting proliferation to inhibiting it. Here we resolve the function of YAP/TAZ during regeneration of the liver, where Hippo's role in growth control has been studied most intensely. METHODS We evaluated liver regeneration after carbon tetrachloride toxic liver injury in mice with conditional deletion of Yap/Taz in hepatocytes and/or biliary epithelial cells, and measured the behavior of different cell types during regeneration by histology, RNA sequencing, and flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that YAP/TAZ were activated in hepatocytes in response to carbon tetrachloride toxic injury. However, their targeted deletion in adult hepatocytes did not noticeably impair liver regeneration. In contrast, Yap/Taz deletion in adult bile ducts caused severe defects and delay in liver regeneration. Mechanistically, we showed that Yap/Taz mutant bile ducts degenerated, causing cholestasis, which stalled the recruitment of phagocytic macrophages and the removal of cellular corpses from injury sites. Elevated bile acids activated pregnane X receptor, which was sufficient to recapitulate the phenotype observed in mutant mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that YAP/TAZ are practically dispensable in hepatocytes for liver development and regeneration. Rather, YAP/TAZ play an indirect role in liver regeneration by preserving bile duct integrity and securing immune cell recruitment and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Verboven
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iván M Moya
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Leticia Sansores-Garcia
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jun Xie
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Hillen
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Weronika Kowalczyk
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerlanda Vella
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Verhulst
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie A Castaldo
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Algueró-Nadal
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucia Romanelli
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina Mercader-Celma
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natália A Souza
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Soheil Soheily
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Huffel
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Brussel
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric P Lemaigre
- Liver and Pancreas Development Unit, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gabrielle Bergers
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Georg Halder
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie-Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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18
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Maladaptive regeneration - the reawakening of developmental pathways in NASH and fibrosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:131-142. [PMID: 33051603 PMCID: PMC7854502 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid expansion of the obesity epidemic, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is now the most common chronic liver disease, with almost 25% global prevalence. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ranges in severity from simple steatosis, a benign 'pre-disease' state, to the liver injury and inflammation that characterize nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which in turn predisposes individuals to liver fibrosis. Fibrosis is the major determinant of clinical outcomes in patients with NASH and is associated with increased risks of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH has no approved therapies, and liver fibrosis shows poor response to existing pharmacotherapy, in part due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. Patient and mouse data have shown that NASH is associated with the activation of developmental pathways: Notch, Hedgehog and Hippo-YAP-TAZ. Although these evolutionarily conserved fundamental signals are known to determine liver morphogenesis during development, new data have shown a coordinated and causal role for these pathways in the liver injury response, which becomes maladaptive during obesity-associated chronic liver disease. In this Review, we discuss the aetiology of this reactivation of developmental pathways and review the cell-autonomous and cell-non-autonomous mechanisms by which developmental pathways influence disease progression. Finally, we discuss the potential prognostic and therapeutic implications of these data for NASH and liver fibrosis.
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19
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Svobodová J, Procházková J, Kabátková M, Krkoška M, Šmerdová L, Líbalová H, Topinka J, Kléma J, Kozubík A, Machala M, Vondráček J. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Disrupts Control of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in a Human Model of Adult Liver Progenitors. Toxicol Sci 2020; 172:368-384. [PMID: 31536130 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation has been shown to alter proliferation, apoptosis, or differentiation of adult rat liver progenitors. Here, we investigated the impact of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-mediated AhR activation on a human model of bipotent liver progenitors, undifferentiated HepaRG cells. We used both intact undifferentiated HepaRG cells, and the cells with silenced Hippo pathway effectors, yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), which play key role(s) in tissue-specific progenitor cell self-renewal and expansion, such as in liver, cardiac, or respiratory progenitors. TCDD induced cell proliferation in confluent undifferentiated HepaRG cells; however, following YAP, and, in particular, double YAP/TAZ knockdown, TCDD promoted induction of apoptosis. These results suggested that, unlike in mature hepatocytes, or hepatocyte-like cells, activation of the AhR may sensitize undifferentiated HepaRG cells to apoptotic stimuli. Induction of apoptosis in cells with silenced YAP/TAZ was associated with upregulation of death ligand TRAIL, and seemed to involve both extrinsic and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. Global gene expression analysis further suggested that TCDD significantly altered expression of constituents and/or transcriptional targets of signaling pathways participating in control of expansion or differentiation of liver progenitors, including EGFR, Wnt/β-catenin, or tumor growth factor-β signaling pathways. TCDD significantly upregulated cytosolic proapoptotic protein BMF (Bcl-2 modifying factor) in HepaRG cells, which could be linked with an enhanced sensitivity of TCDD-treated cells to apoptosis. Our results suggest that, in addition to promotion of cell proliferation and alteration of signaling pathways controlling expansion of human adult liver progenitors, AhR ligands may also sensitize human liver progenitor cells to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Svobodová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61265, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Procházková
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno 62100, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kabátková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61265, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krkoška
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61265, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno 61137, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Šmerdová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61265, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Líbalová
- Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Ecotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kléma
- Department of Computer Science, Czech Technical University, Prague 12135, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61265, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno 62100, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vondráček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 61265, Czech Republic
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20
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Laschinger M, Wang Y, Holzmann G, Wang B, Stöß C, Lu M, Brugger M, Schneider A, Knolle P, Wohlleber D, Schulze S, Steiger K, Tsujikawa K, Altmayr F, Friess H, Hartmann D, Hüser N, Holzmann B. The CGRP receptor component RAMP1 links sensory innervation with YAP activity in the regenerating liver. FASEB J 2020; 34:8125-8138. [PMID: 32329113 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903200r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of liver regeneration limits surgical therapies of hepatic disorders and determines patient outcome. Here, we investigated the role of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) for liver regeneration after acute or chronic injury. Mice deficient for the CGRP receptor component receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) were subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy or repeated intraperitoneal injections of carbon tetrachloride. RAMP1 deficiency severely impaired recovery of organ mass and hepatocyte proliferation after both acute and chronic liver injury. Mechanistically, protein expression of the transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) was decreased in regenerating livers of RAMP1-deficient mice. Lack of RAMP1 was associated with hyperphosphorylation of YAP on Ser127 and Ser397, which regulates YAP functional activity and protein levels. Consequently, expression of various YAP-controlled cell cycle regulators and hepatocyte proliferation were severely reduced in the absence of RAMP1. In vitro, CGRP treatment caused increased YAP protein expression and a concomitant decline of YAP phosphorylation in liver tissue slice cultures of mouse and human origin and in primary human hepatocytes. Thus, our results indicate that sensory nerves represent a crucial control element of liver regeneration after acute and chronic injury acting through the CGRP-RAMP1 pathway, which stimulates YAP/TAZ expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Laschinger
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriela Holzmann
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Baocai Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stöß
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Miao Lu
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Brugger
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Immunology & Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annika Schneider
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Immunology & Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Immunology & Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Immunology & Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Schulze
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- School of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Felicitas Altmayr
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Holzmann
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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21
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Tian S, Liu Y, Dong F, Dou Y, Li W, Wang J. Knockdown of microRNA-584 promotes dental pulp stem cells proliferation by targeting TAZ. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1048-1058. [PMID: 32208890 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1744976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is crucial in tooth development and damage repairing, also includes its therapy application for tissue engineering. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in biological processes of DPSCs, and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) also plays important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation, however, the roles of miR-584 and TAZ in DPSCs are not known. We found up-regulated miR-584 expression and down-regulated TAZ expression levels in aging dental pulp tissue compare to those in young dental pulp tissue. In proliferating DPSCs we demonstrated the decreased miR-584 expression and increased TAZ expression. miR-584 mimics suppressed DPSCs proliferation and migration, and significantly reduced TAZ production, whereas miR-584 inhibition exerted the converse effects. Knocking down of the TAZ in DPSCs had a similar effect as overexpression of miR-584. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-584 could directly bind to the TAZ mRNA 3'UTR to repress its translation. Overexpression of TAZ can partly rescue miR-584 mimic-mediated the inhibition of proliferation. Additionally, miR-584 inhibited cell proliferation and downregulated expression of cell cycle proteins by AKT signaling pathway. Together, we identified that miR-584 may be a key regulator in the proliferation of DPSCs by regulating TAZ expression via AKT signaling pathway. It would be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for pulp disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Tian
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Physical Examination Center, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fusheng Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongqing Dou
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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22
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Shin JH, Lee G, Jeong MG, Kim HK, Won HY, Choi Y, Lee JH, Nam M, Choi CS, Hwang GS, Hwang ES. Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif suppresses the expression of steroidogenic enzymes by nuclear receptor 4 A1 in Leydig cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:5332-5347. [PMID: 32067268 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900695rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) plays crucial role in maintaining testicular structure and function via regulation of senescence of spermatogenic cells. However, it remains unclear whether TAZ is involved in testosterone biosynthesis in testicular Leydig cells. We found that TAZ deficiency caused aberrant Leydig cell expansion and increased lipid droplet formation, which was significantly associated with increased lipogenic enzyme expression. Additionally, the expression of key steroidogenic enzymes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 11A1, CYP17A1, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, was greatly increased in TAZ-deficient testes and primary Leydig cells. Interestingly, the transcriptional activity of nuclear receptor 4 A1 (NR4A1) was dramatically suppressed by TAZ; however, the protein expression and the subcellular localization of NR4A1 were not affected by TAZ. TAZ directly associated with the N-terminal region of NR4A1 and substantially suppressed its DNA-binding and transcriptional activities. Stable expression of TAZ in the mouse Leydig TM3 cell line decreased the expression of key steroidogenic enzymes, whereas knockdown of endogenous TAZ in TM3 cells increased transcripts of steroidogenic genes induced by NR4A1. Consistently, testosterone production was enhanced within TAZ-deficient Leydig cells. However, TAZ deficiency resulted in decreased testosterone secretion caused by dysfunctional mitochondria and lysosomes. Therefore, TAZ plays essential role in NR4A1-induced steroidogenic enzyme expression and testosterone production in Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Shin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gibbeum Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Gyeong Jeong
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Kim
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Yeon Won
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yujeong Choi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Miso Nam
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Korea Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Kim KM, Oh HT, Yoo GD, Hwang JH, Oh A, Hwang ES, Hong JH. Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif stimulates epidermal regeneration via induction of amphiregulin expression after ultraviolet damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:242-248. [PMID: 31983436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis, which increases epidermal thickness in skin regeneration. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not yet known in detail. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) stimulates epidermal regeneration by increasing keratinocyte proliferation. During epidermal regeneration, TAZ is localized in the nucleus of keratinocytes of the basal layer and stimulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. TAZ depletion in keratinocytes decreased EGFR signaling activation, which delays epidermal regeneration. Interestingly, TAZ stimulated the transcription of amphiregulin (AREG), a ligand of EGFR, through TEAD-mediated transcriptional activation. Together, these results show that TAZ stimulates EGFR signaling through AREG induction, suggesting that it plays an important role in epidermal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Ho Taek Oh
- Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Gi Don Yoo
- Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Jun-Ha Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Areum Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Eun Sook Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea; Ewha Education & Research Center for Infection, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ho Hong
- Division of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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24
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Anzaghe M, Resch T, Schaser E, Kronhart S, Diez C, Niles MA, Korotkova E, Schülke S, Wolfheimer S, Kreuz D, Wingerter M, Bartolomé Rodríguez MM, Waibler Z. Organ-Specific Expression of IL-1 Receptor Results in Severe Liver Injury in Type I Interferon Receptor Deficient Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1009. [PMID: 31143178 PMCID: PMC6521796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon treatment with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], an artificial double-stranded RNA, type I interferon receptor-deficient (IFNAR−/−) mice develop severe liver injury seen by enhanced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in the serum that is not observed in their wildtype (WT) counterparts. Recently, we showed that liver injury is mediated by an imbalanced expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and its receptor antagonist (IL1-RA) in the absence of type I IFN. Here we show that despite comparable expression levels of IL-1β in livers and spleens, spleens of poly(I:C)-treated IFNAR−/− mice show no signs of injury. In vitro analyses of hepatocytes and splenocytes revealed that poly(I:C) had no direct toxic effect on hepatocytes. Furthermore, expression levels of cytokines involved in other models for liver damage or protection such as interferon (IFN)-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-22 were comparable for both organs in WT and IFNAR−/− mice upon treatment. Moreover, flow cytometric analyses showed that the composition of different immune cells in livers and spleens were not altered upon injection of poly(I:C). Finally, we demonstrated that the receptor binding IL-1β, IL1R1, is specifically expressed in livers but not spleens of WT and IFNAR−/− mice. Accordingly, mice double-deficient for IFNAR and IL1R1 developed no liver injury upon poly(I:C) treatment and showed ALT activities comparable to those of WT mice. Collectively, liver injury is mediated by the organ-specific expression of IL1R1 in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Anzaghe
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Theresa Resch
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Elea Schaser
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kronhart
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Clara Diez
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Marc A Niles
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Eugenia Korotkova
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schülke
- Vice President's Research Group 1 "Molecular Allergology", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Sonja Wolfheimer
- Vice President's Research Group 1 "Molecular Allergology", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Dorothea Kreuz
- Section 3/3 "Morphology", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Marion Wingerter
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Zoe Waibler
- Section 3/1 "Product Testing of Immunological Biomedicines", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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