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Bencivenni S, Roggiani S, Zannoni A, Conti G, Fabbrini M, Cotugno M, Stanzione R, Pietrangelo D, Litterio M, Forte M, Busceti CL, Fornai F, Volpe M, Turroni S, Brigidi P, Forni M, Rubattu S, D'Amico F. Early and late gut microbiota signatures of stroke in high salt-fed stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19575. [PMID: 39179705 PMCID: PMC11343747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The high salt-fed stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) is a suitable tool to study the mechanisms underlying stroke pathogenesis. Salt intake modifies the gut microbiota (GM) in rats and humans and alterations of the GM have previously been associated with increased stroke occurrence. We aimed to characterize the GM profile in SHRSPs fed a high-salt stroke-permissive diet (Japanese diet, JD), compared to the closely related stroke-resistant control (SHRSR), to identify possible changes associated with stroke occurrence. SHRSPs and SHRSRs were fed a regular diet or JD for 4 weeks (short-term, ST) or a maximum of 10 weeks (long-term, LT). Stroke occurred in SHRSPs on JD-LT, preceded by proteinuria and diarrhoea. The GM of JD-fed SHRSPs underwent early and late compositional changes compared to SHRSRs. An overrepresentation of Streptococcaceae and an underrepresentation of Lachnospiraceae were observed in SHRSPs JD-ST, while in SHRSPs JD-LT short-chain fatty acid producers, e.g. Lachnobacterium and Faecalibacterium, decreased and pathobionts such as Coriobacteriaceae and Desulfovibrio increased. Occludin gene expression behaved differently in SHRSPs and SHRSRs. Calprotectin levels were unchanged. In conclusion, the altered GM in JD-fed SHRSPs may be detrimental to gut homeostasis and contribute to stroke occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bencivenni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Roggiani
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Conti
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Donatella Pietrangelo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Fornai
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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2
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Lv H, Xia S, He Y, Qiao C, Liu J, Guo J, Li S. Effect of chronic cold stress on gut microbial diversity, intestinal inflammation and pyroptosis in mice. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:465-477. [PMID: 38526704 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Hypothermia is an essential environmental factor in gastrointestinal diseases, but the main molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis remain unclear. The current study sought to better understand how chronic cold stress affects gut damage and its underlying mechanisms. In this work, to establish chronic cold stress (CS)-induced intestinal injury model, mice were subjected to continuous cold exposure (4 °C) for 3 h per day for 3 weeks. Our results indicated that CS led to gut injury via inducing changes of heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) and apoptosis-related (caspases-3, Bax and Bcl-2) proteins; enhancing expression of intestinal tight-related (ZO-1 and occludin) proteins; promoting releases of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), interleukin1β (IL-1β), IL-18 and IL-6 inflammatory mediators in the ileum; and altering gut microbial diversity. Furthermore, persistent cold exposure resulted in the cleavage of pyroptosis-related Gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein by regulating the NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 and caspase-11 pathway, and activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which are strongly associated with changes in gut microbiota diversity. Taken together, these investigations provide new insights into the increased risk of intestinal disorders at extremely low temperatures and establish a theoretical foundation for the advancement of novel pharmaceutical interventions targeting cold-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Shijie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Chunyu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Jiahe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Jingru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Shize Li
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
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3
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Lakshmanan AP, Murugesan S, Al Khodor S, Terranegra A. The potential impact of a probiotic: Akkermansia muciniphila in the regulation of blood pressure—the current facts and evidence. Lab Invest 2022; 20:430. [PMID: 36153618 PMCID: PMC9509630 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03631-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) is present in the human gut microbiota from infancy and gradually increases in adulthood. The potential impact of the abundance of A. muciniphila has been studied in major cardiovascular diseases including elevated blood pressure or hypertension (HTN). HTN is a major factor in premature death worldwide, and approximately 1.28 billion adults aged 30–79 years have hypertension. A. muciniphila is being considered a next-generation probiotic and though numerous studies had highlighted the positive role of A. muciniphila in lowering/controlling the HTN, however, few studies had highlighted the negative impact of increased abundance of A. muciniphila in the management of HTN. Thus, in the review, we aimed to discuss the current facts, evidence, and controversy about the role of A. muciniphila in the pathophysiology of HTN and its potential effect on HTN management/regulation, which could be beneficial in identifying the drug target for the management of HTN.
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4
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Liu Y, Dong J, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang Y. How Brain Infarction Links With the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Hints From Studies Focusing on the Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:877937. [PMID: 35685776 PMCID: PMC9170980 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.877937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is among the top prevalent neurologic disorders globally today. Risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and aging, contribute to the development of IS, and patients with these risk factors face heavier therapeutic burden and worse prognosis. Microbiota–gut–brain axis describes the crosstalk between the gut flora, intestine, and center nervous system, which conduct homeostatic effects through the bacterial metabolites, the regulation of immune activity, also the contact with enteric nerve ends and vagus nerve. Nowadays, more studies have paid attention to the important roles that microbiota–gut–brain axis played in the risk factors of IS. In the current article, we will review the recent works focusing on the bi-directional impacts of gut dysbiosis and the pathogenic process of IS-related risk factors, for the purpose to summarize some novel findings in this area, and try to understand how probiotics could limit the development of IS via different strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Medical Engineering, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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5
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Avirineni BS, Singh A, Zapata RC, Stevens RD, Phillips CD, Chelikani PK. Diets Containing Egg or Whey Protein and Inulin Fiber Improve Energy Balance and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Exercising Obese Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100653. [PMID: 35108450 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary protein, prebiotic fiber and exercise individually have been shown to aid in weight loss; however less is known of their combined effects on energy balance. We determined the effects of diets high in protein and fiber, with exercise, on energy balance, hormones and gut microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS Obese male rats were fed high-fat diets with high protein and fiber contents from egg protein and cellulose, egg protein and inulin, whey protein and cellulose, or whey protein and inulin, together with treadmill exercise. We found that inulin enriched diets decreased energy intake and respiratory quotient, increased energy expenditure, and upregulated transcripts for cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY and proglucagon in distal gut. Notably, CCK1-receptor blockade attenuated the hypophagic effects of diets and in particular whey-inulin diet, and β-adrenergic blockade reduced energy expenditure across all diets. Egg-cellulose, egg-inulin and whey-inulin diets decreased weight gain, adiposity, hepatic lipidosis and decreased lipogenic transcripts, improved glycemic control and up-regulated hepatic glucose metabolism transcripts, and decreased plasma insulin and leptin. Importantly, diet was linked to altered gut microbial composition and plasma metabolomics, and a subset of predicted metagenome pathways and plasma metabolites significantly correlated, with plasma butyric acid the most strongly associated to metagenome function. CONCLUSION Combination of dietary egg or whey protein with inulin and exercise improved energy balance, glucose metabolism, upregulated anorectic hormones, and selectively modulated gut microbiota and plasma metabolites. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath S Avirineni
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Present Address: Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32610, USA
| | - Rizaldy C Zapata
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Richard D Stevens
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Caleb D Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Prasanth K Chelikani
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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6
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Wu D, Wang H, Xie L, Hu F. Cross-Talk Between Gut Microbiota and Adipose Tissues in Obesity and Related Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:908868. [PMID: 35865314 PMCID: PMC9294175 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.908868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase of obesity and associated diseases has become a major global health problem. Adipose tissues are critical for whole-body homeostasis. The gut microbiota has been recognized as a significant environmental factor in the maintenance of energy homeostasis and host immunity. A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota regulates host metabolism through a close cross-talk with adipose tissues. It modulates energy expenditure and alleviates obesity by promoting energy expenditure, but it also produces specific metabolites and structural components that may act as the central factors in the pathogenesis of inflammation, insulin resistance, and obesity. Understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and adipose tissues may provide potential intervention strategies to treat obesity and associated diseases. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the gut microbiota and its actions on adipose tissues and highlight the joint actions of the gut microbiota and adipose tissue with each other in the regulation of energy metabolism.
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7
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Roshanravan N, Askari SF, Fazelian S, Ayati MH, Namazi N. The roles of quercetin in diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders; special focus on the modulation of gut microbiota: A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-14. [PMID: 34620011 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1983765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid that can affect the balance between anti-oxidant defense system and oxidative stress. A number of studies showed the positive effects of quercetin on diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders through different pathways such as gut flora. However, findings are conflicting. In addition, it seems no studies have summarized all potential mechanisms of quercetin in diabetes mellitus, so far. Therefore, the aims of the present comprehensive review were to provide an overview on biological and biochemical characteristics of quercetin and investigate the effect of quercetin on diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders by focusing on its effects on the modulation of gut microbiota. For this purpose, findings of In vitro, animal studies, clinical trials, and review studies with the English language published until January 2021 were summarized. They were identified through electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) and Google Scholar. Findings showed that quercetin can be an effective component for improving glycemic status and other metabolic disorders related to diabetes mellitus based on In vitro and animal studies. However, environmental factors, food processing and using nanoformulations can affect its efficacy in human studies. Several potential mechanisms, including the modulation of gut flora are proposed for its actions. However, due to limited clinical trials and contradictory findings, more high-quality clinical trials are needed to make a decision on the efficacy of supplementation with quercetin as a complementary therapy for the management of diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, and modulating gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sayyedeh Fatemeh Askari
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Siavash Fazelian
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ayati
- School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazli Namazi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Qiao F, Tan F, Li LY, Lv HB, Chen L, Du ZY, Zhang ML. Alteration and the Function of Intestinal Microbiota in High-Fat-Diet- or Genetics-Induced Lipid Accumulation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:741616. [PMID: 34603270 PMCID: PMC8484964 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.741616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet and host genetics influence the composition of intestinal microbiota, yet few studies have compared the function of intestinal microbiota in the diet- or genotype-induced lipid deposition, which limits our understanding of the role of intestinal bacteria in metabolic disorders. The lipid accumulation in wild-type zebrafish fed with control (CON) or high-fat (HF) diet and two gene-knockout zebrafish lines (cpt1b–/– or pparab–/–) fed with control diet was measured after a 4-week feeding experiment. The intestinal microbiota composition of these groups was investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing (DNA-based) and 16S rRNA sequencing (RNA-based). The HF diet or deficiency of two genes induced more weight gain and higher triglyceride content in the liver compared with their control group. 16S rRNA gene sequencing (DNA-based) indicated the decreased abundance of Proteobacteria in the HF group compared with CON, but there was no significant difference in bacterial α diversity among treatments. 16S rRNA sequencing (RNA-based) confirmed the decreased abundance of Proteobacteria and the bacterial α diversity in the HF group compared with CON. Deficiency of cpt1b or pparab showed less change in microbiota composition compared with their wild-type group. Intestinal microbiota of each group was transferred to germ-free zebrafish, and the quantification of Nile red staining indicated that the intestinal microbiota of the HF group induced more lipid accumulation compared with CON, whereas intestinal microbiota of cpt1b–/– and pparab–/– zebrafish did not. The results showed that RNA-based bacterial sequencing revealed more bacterial alteration than DNA-based bacterial sequencing. HF diet had a more dominant role in shaping gut microbiota composition to induce lipid accumulation compared with the gene-knockout of cpt1b or pparab in zebrafish, and the transplant of intestinal microbiota from HF-fed fish induced more lipid deposition in germ-free zebrafish. Together, these data suggested that a high-fat diet exerted a more dominant role over the deletion of cpt1b or pparab on the intestinal bacterial composition, which corresponded to lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qiao
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Yu Li
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Bo Lv
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health (LANEH), School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Avirineni BS, Singh A, Zapata RC, Phillips CD, Chelikani PK. Dietary whey and egg proteins interact with inulin fiber to modulate energy balance and gut microbiota in obese rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108860. [PMID: 34520853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diets supplemented with protein and fiber are well known to reduce food intake and weight gain; however, less is known about the combined effects of protein and prebiotic fiber on energy balance and gut microbiota composition. We compared effects of diets containing high egg or whey protein with cellulose or prebiotic (inulin) fiber on energy balance, gut microbiota, hormones, and metabolites. Male obese rats (n=8/group) were allocated to four diets: Egg albumen+Cellulose (EC), Egg albumen+Inulin (EI), Whey protein+Cellulose (WC), and Whey protein+Inulin (WI). Results revealed that diet-induced hypophagia was transient with EC and prolonged with EI and WI, compared to WC. Importantly, CCK-1 receptor antagonist (Devazepide) attenuated the hypophagic effects of EC, EI, and WI. Further, EC, EI and WI decreased respiratory quotient, energy expenditure, weight and adiposity gains, and improved glycemia, relative to WC. Propranolol (β1-β2-receptor blocker) attenuated diet-induced changes in energy expenditure. Transcript abundance of thermogenic markers in brown adipose tissue, plasma hormones, and metabolites especially acyl-carnitines and glycerophospholipids, were differentially altered by diets. Diet explained 25% of compositional differences in cecal microbiomes, but diets with same fiber type did not differ. Microbiota differing between groups also strongly correlated with gut hormones and metabolites. Species most strongly correlated to a marker for butyrate production were in highest abundance in inulin diets. Together, these findings indicate that inulin enriched diets containing egg or whey protein improved energy balance, decreased adiposity, and modulated gut microbiota and metabolites, with CCK signaling partly mediating the satiety effects of diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath S Avirineni
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rizaldy C Zapata
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Caleb D Phillips
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Prasanth K Chelikani
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
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10
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Shi H, Zhang B, Abo-Hamzy T, Nelson JW, Ambati CSR, Petrosino JF, Bryan RM, Durgan DJ. Restructuring the Gut Microbiota by Intermittent Fasting Lowers Blood Pressure. Circ Res 2021; 128:1240-1254. [PMID: 33596669 PMCID: PMC8085162 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Bojun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston TX, USA
| | - Taylor Abo-Hamzy
- School of Health Professions, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston TX, USA
| | - James W. Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston TX, USA
- Integrated Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate
Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | | | - Joseph F. Petrosino
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, The
Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston TX, USA
| | - Robert M. Bryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - David J. Durgan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine,
Houston TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
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11
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Li J, Yang X, Zhou X, Cai J. The Role and Mechanism of Intestinal Flora in Blood Pressure Regulation and Hypertension Development. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:811-830. [PMID: 32316741 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Hypertension (HTN) has a complex etiology that is characterized by genetic and environmental factors. It has become a global health burden leading to cardiovascular diseases and kidney diseases, ultimately progressing to premature death. Accumulating evidence indicated that gut microbiome was associated with metabolic disorders and inflammation, which were closely linked to HTN. Recent Advances: Recent studies using bacterial genomic analysis and fecal microbiota transplantation as well as many lines of seminal evidence demonstrated that aberrant gut microbiome was significantly associated with HTN. The intestinal microbiome of both patients and animals with HTN had decreased bacterial diversity, disordered microbial structure and functions, and altered end products of fermentation. Gut dysbiosis and metabolites of the gut microbiota play an important role in blood pressure (BP) control, and they are therefore responsible for developing HTN. Critical Issues: This study aimed at focusing on the recent advances in understanding the role played by gut bacteria and the mechanisms underlying the pathological milieu that induced elevated BP and led to HTN pathogenesis. Potential intervention strategies targeting the correction of gut dysbiosis to improve HTN development were summarized. Future Directions: Larger numbers of fecal transplants from participants with HTN should be carried out to examine the magnitude of BP changes with the replacement of the gut microbiome. The proposed mechanisms for the gut in regulating BP remain to be verified. Whether intervention strategies using probiotics, dietary interventions, bacteriophages, and fecal transplants are feasible for individuals with HTN remains to be explored. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 811-830.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Heart Center, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchun Yang
- Heart Center, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of China, Hypertension Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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12
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McDougle M, Quinn D, Diepenbroek C, Singh A, de la Serre C, de Lartigue G. Intact vagal gut-brain signalling prevents hyperphagia and excessive weight gain in response to high-fat high-sugar diet. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13530. [PMID: 32603548 PMCID: PMC7772266 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aim The tools that have been used to assess the function of the vagus nerve lack specificity. This could explain discrepancies about the role of vagal gut‐brain signalling in long‐term control of energy balance. Here we use a validated approach to selectively ablate sensory vagal neurones that innervate the gut to determine the role of vagal gut‐brain signalling in the control of food intake, energy expenditure and glucose homoeostasis in response to different diets. Methods Rat nodose ganglia were injected bilaterally with either the neurotoxin saporin conjugated to the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), or unconjugated saporin as a control. Food intake, body weight, glucose tolerance and energy expenditure were measured in both groups in response to chow or high‐fat high‐sugar (HFHS) diet. Willingness to work for fat or sugar was assessed by progressive ratio for orally administered solutions, while post‐ingestive feedback was tested by measuring food intake after an isocaloric lipid or sucrose pre‐load. Results Vagal deafferentation of the gut increases meal number in lean chow‐fed rats. Switching to a HFHS diet exacerbates overeating and body weight gain. The breakpoint for sugar or fat solution did not differ between groups, suggesting that increased palatability may not drive HFHS‐induced hyperphagia. Instead, decreased satiation in response to intra‐gastric infusion of fat, but not sugar, promotes hyperphagia in CCK‐Saporin‐treated rats fed with HFHS diet. Conclusions We conclude that intact sensory vagal neurones prevent hyperphagia and exacerbation of weight gain in response to a HFHS diet by promoting lipid‐mediated satiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McDougle
- Department of Pharmacodynamics University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory New Haven CT USA
| | | | - Charlene Diepenbroek
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory New Haven CT USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology Yale Medical School New Haven CT USA
| | - Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | | | - Guillaume de Lartigue
- Department of Pharmacodynamics University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory New Haven CT USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology Yale Medical School New Haven CT USA
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13
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Singh A, Zapata RC, Pezeshki A, Knight CG, Tuor UI, Chelikani PK. Whey Protein and Its Components Lactalbumin and Lactoferrin Affect Energy Balance and Protect against Stroke Onset and Renal Damage in Salt-Loaded, High-Fat Fed Male Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke-Prone Rats. J Nutr 2020; 150:763-774. [PMID: 31879775 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whey protein (WH)-enriched diets are reported to aid in weight loss and to improve cardiovascular health. However, the bioactive components in whey responsible for causing such effects remain unidentified. OBJECTIVE We determined the effects of whey and its components [α-lactalbumin (LA) and lactoferrin (LF)] on energy balance, glucose tolerance, gut hormones, renal damage, and stroke onset in rats. METHODS Male spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHRSP) rats (age 8 wk) were fed isocaloric high-fat (40% kcal) and high-salt (4% wt/wt) diets (n = 8-10/group) and randomized for 8 wk to diets enriched as follows: control (CO): 15% kcal from egg albumin, 45% kcal from carbohydrate; WH: 20%kcal WH isolate + 15% kcal egg albumin; LA: 20% kcal LA + 15% kcal egg albumin; or LF: 20% kcal lactoferrin + 15% kcal egg albumin. Measurements included energy balance (food intake, energy expenditure, and body composition), stroke-related behaviors, brain imaging, glucose tolerance, metabolic hormones, and tissue markers of renal damage. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models with repeated measures or 1-way ANOVA. RESULTS Diets enriched with WH, LA, or LF increased survival, with 25% of rats fed these diets exhibiting stroke-associated morbidity, whereas 90% of CO rats were morbid by 8 wk (P < 0.05). The nephritis scores of rats fed WH-, LA-, or LF-enriched diets were 80%, 92%, and 122% lower than those of COs (P = 0.001). The mRNA abundances of renin and osteopontin were 100-600% lower in rats fed WH-, LA-, or LF-enriched diets than in COs (P < 0.05). Urine albumin concentrations and albumin-to-creatinine ratios were 200% lower in rats fed LF-enriched diets than in COs (P < 0.05). Compared with COs, rats fed LF-enriched diets for 2-3 wk had food intake decreased by 29%, body weight decreased by 13-19%, lean mass decreased by 12-19%, and fat mass decreased by 20% (P < 0.001). Relative to COs, rats fed WH and LA had food intake decreased by 10% (P < 0.1), but COs had 12-45% lower weight than rats fed LA- and WH-enriched diets by 3 wk (P < 0.01). Compared with COs, rats fed WH-enriched diets increased energy expenditure by 7%, whereas, rats fed LA-enriched diets had energy expenditure acutely decreased by 7% during the first 4 d, and rats fed LF-enriched diets had energy expenditure decreased by 7-17% throughout the first week ( P < 0.001). Rats fed LA- and LF-enriched diets had blood glucose decreased by 14-19% (P < 0.05) and WH by 9% (P = 0.1), relative to COs. Compared with COs, rats fed LF had GIP decreased by 90% and PYY by 87% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Together, these findings indicate that whey and its components α-lactalbumin and lactoferrin improved energy balance and glycemic control, and protected against the onset of neurological deficits associated with stroke and renal damage in male SHRSP rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rizaldy C Zapata
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cameron G Knight
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ursula I Tuor
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Prasanth K Chelikani
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
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14
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Liu Y, Wang C, Li J, Li T, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Mei Y. Phellinus linteus polysaccharide extract improves insulin resistance by regulating gut microbiota composition. FASEB J 2019; 34:1065-1078. [PMID: 31914668 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901943rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hypoglycemic effect of Phellinus linteus polysaccharide extract (PLPE) has been documented in several previous studies, but the functional interactions among PLPE, gut microbiota, and the hypoglycemic effect remain unclear. We examined the regulatory effect of PLPE on gut microbiota, and the molecular mechanism underlying improvement of insulin resistance, using a type 2 diabetic rat model. Here, 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups that were subjected to intervention of saline (normal and model control group), metformin (120 mg/kg.bw), and PLPE (600 mg/kg.bw) by oral administration. After 8 weeks of treatment, PLPE increased levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by enhancing abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. SCFAs maintained intestinal barrier function and reduced lipopolysaccharides content in blood, thereby helping to reduce systemic inflammation and reverse insulin resistance. Our findings suggest that PLPE (in which polysaccharides are the major component) has potential application as a prebiotic for regulating gut microbiota composition in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Chaorui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Jinshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yunxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yuxia Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Tackling the Complexity of the Exposome: Considerations from the Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR) Exposome Symposium. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9060106. [PMID: 31174297 PMCID: PMC6631702 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9060106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The attempt to describe complex diseases by solely genetic determination has not been successful. There is increasing recognition that the development of disease is often a consequence of interactions between multiple genetic and environmental factors. To date, much of the research on environmental determinants of disease has focused on single exposures generally measured at a single time point. In order to address this limitation, the concept of the exposome has been introduced as a comprehensive approach, studying the full complement of environmental exposures from conception onwards. However, exposures are vast, dynamic, and diverse, and only a small proportion can be reasonably measured due to limitations in technology and feasibility. In addition, the interplay between genes and exposure as well as between different exposures is complicated and multifaceted, which leads to difficulties in linking disease or health outcomes with exposures. The large numbers of collected samples require well-designed logistics. Furthermore, the immense data sets generated from exposome studies require a significant computational investment for both data analysis and data storage. This report summarizes discussions during an international exposome symposium held at Gunma University in Japan regarding the concept of the exposome, challenges in exposome research, and future perspectives in the field.
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