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Marino Y, Inferrera F, D'Amico R, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Gugliandolo E, Fusco R, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis in fibromyalgia syndrome: Molecular mechanism in central nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167301. [PMID: 38878832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
A critical role for mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia. It is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by neuroinflammation and impaired oxidative balance in the central nervous system. Boswellia serrata (BS), a natural polyphenol, is a well-known able to influence the mitochondrial metabolism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis in fibromyalgia and their modulation by BS. To induce the model reserpine (1 mg/Kg) was subcutaneously administered for three consecutive days and BS (100 mg/Kg) was given orally for twenty-one days. BS reduced pain like behaviors in reserpine-injected rats and the astrocytes activation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and prefrontal cortex that are recognized as key regions associated with the neuropathic pain. Vulnerability to neuroinflammation and impaired neuronal plasticity have been described as consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction. BS administration increased PGC-1α expression in the nucleus of spinal cord and brain tissues, promoting the expression of regulatory genes for mitochondrial biogenesis (NRF-1, Tfam and UCP2) and cellular antioxidant defence mechanisms (catalase, SOD2 and Prdx 3). According with these data BS reduced lipid peroxidation and the GSSG/GSH ratio and increased SOD activity in the same tissues. Our results also showed that BS administration mitigates cytochrome-c leakage by promoting mitochondrial function and supported the movement of PGC-1α protein into the nucleus restoring the quality control of mitochondria. Additionally, BS reduced Drp1 and Fis1, preventing both mitochondrial fission and cell death, and increased the expression of Mfn2 protein, facilitating mitochondrial fusion. Overall, our results showed important mitochondrial dysfunction in central nervous system in fibromyalgia syndrome and the role of BS in restoring mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesca Inferrera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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2
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Roncati L, Marra C, Gravina D, Di Massa G, Della Rosa N, Adani R. Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin: Drug Candidates in Post-COVID-19 Critical Illness Neuropathy and Positioning-Related Peripheral Nerve Injury of the Upper Extremity. J Hand Microsurg 2024; 16:100028. [PMID: 38855524 PMCID: PMC11144630 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most dramatic pandemic of the new millennium and patients with serious infection can stay in intensive care unit (ICU) for weeks in a clinical scenario of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, likely related to the subsequent development of critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP). It is in fact now accepted that COVID-19 ICU surviving patients can develop CIP; moreover, prone positioning-related stretch may favor the onset of positioning-related peripheral nerve injuries (PNI). Therefore, the urgent need to test drug candidates for the treatment of these debilitating sequelae is emerged even more. For the first time in medical literature, we have successfully treated after informed consent a 71-year-old Italian man suffering from post-COVID-19 CIP burdened with positioning-related PNI of the left upper extremity by means of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide 400 mg plus ultramicronized luteolin 40 mg (Glìalia), two tablets a day 12 hours apart for 6 months. In the wake of our pilot study, a larger clinical trial to definitively ascertain the advantages of this neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and anti-inflammatory therapy is advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Roncati
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry, and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplantation, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Polyclinic Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Marra
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Gravina
- Department of Musculoskeletal System, Unit of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Di Massa
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry, and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplantation, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Polyclinic Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Norman Della Rosa
- Department of Musculoskeletal System, Unit of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Adani
- Department of Musculoskeletal System, Unit of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
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3
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Scuto M, Rampulla F, Reali GM, Spanò SM, Trovato Salinaro A, Calabrese V. Hormetic Nutrition and Redox Regulation in Gut-Brain Axis Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:484. [PMID: 38671931 PMCID: PMC11047582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hormetic nutrition for enhancing stress resilience and overall human health have received much attention. Recently, the gut-brain axis has attracted prominent interest for preventing and therapeutically impacting neuropathologies and gastrointestinal diseases. Polyphenols and polyphenol-combined nanoparticles in synergy with probiotics have shown to improve gut bioavailability and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, thus inhibiting the oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction and inflammation linked to gut dysbiosis and ultimately the onset and progression of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In accordance with hormesis, polyphenols display biphasic dose-response effects by activating at a low dose the Nrf2 pathway resulting in the upregulation of antioxidant vitagenes, as in the case of heme oxygenase-1 upregulated by hidrox® or curcumin and sirtuin-1 activated by resveratrol to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, microbiota dysfunction and neurotoxic damage. Importantly, modulation of the composition and function of the gut microbiota through polyphenols and/or probiotics enhances the abundance of beneficial bacteria and can prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. Interestingly, dysregulation of the Nrf2 pathway in the gut and the brain can exacerbate selective susceptibility under neuroinflammatory conditions to CNS disorders due to the high vulnerability of vagal sensory neurons to oxidative stress. Herein, we aimed to discuss hormetic nutrients, including polyphenols and/or probiotics, targeting the Nrf2 pathway and vitagenes for the development of promising neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies to suppress oxidative stress, inflammation and microbiota deregulation, and consequently improve cognitive performance and brain health. In this review, we also explore interactions of the gut-brain axis based on sophisticated and cutting-edge technologies for novel anti-neuroinflammatory approaches and personalized nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (G.M.R.); (S.M.S.); (V.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (G.M.R.); (S.M.S.); (V.C.)
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4
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Pereira QC, Fortunato IM, Oliveira FDS, Alvarez MC, dos Santos TW, Ribeiro ML. Polyphenolic Compounds: Orchestrating Intestinal Microbiota Harmony during Aging. Nutrients 2024; 16:1066. [PMID: 38613099 PMCID: PMC11013902 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the aging process, physiological decline occurs, posing a substantial threat to the physical and mental well-being of the elderly and contributing to the onset of age-related diseases. While traditional perspectives considered the maintenance of life as influenced by a myriad of factors, including environmental, genetic, epigenetic, and lifestyle elements such as exercise and diet, the pivotal role of symbiotic microorganisms had been understated. Presently, it is acknowledged that the intestinal microbiota plays a profound role in overall health by signaling to both the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as other distant organs. Disruption in this bidirectional communication between bacteria and the host results in dysbiosis, fostering the development of various diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This review aims to delve into the intricate biological mechanisms underpinning dysbiosis associated with aging and the clinical ramifications of such dysregulation. Furthermore, we aspire to explore bioactive compounds endowed with functional properties capable of modulating and restoring balance in this aging-related dysbiotic process through epigenetics alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quélita Cristina Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Isabela Monique Fortunato
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Fabricio de Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marisa Claudia Alvarez
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro, UNICAMP, Rua Carlos Chagas 480, Campinas 13083-878, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanila Wood dos Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University, Av. Sao Francisco de Assis, 218, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (Q.C.P.); (I.M.F.); (F.d.S.O.); (M.C.A.); (T.W.d.S.)
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5
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Interdonato L, Marino Y, Impellizzeri D, D’Amico R, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Cammilleri G, Pantano L, Modafferi S, Abdelhameed AS, Fritsch T, Rashan LJ, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese V, Cordaro M, Di Paola R. Autophagy machinery plays an essential role in traumatic brain injury-induced apoptosis and its related behavioral abnormalities in mice: focus on Boswellia Sacra gum resin. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1320960. [PMID: 38250661 PMCID: PMC10797063 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1320960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is described as a structural damage or physiological disturbance of brain function that occurs after trauma and causes disability or death in people of all ages. New treatment targets for TBI are being explored because current medicines are frequently ineffectual and poorly tolerated. There is increasing evidence that following TBI, there are widespread changes in autophagy-related proteins in both experimental and clinical settings. The current study investigated if Boswellia Sacra Gum Resin (BSR) treatment (500 mg/kg) could modulate post-TBI neuronal autophagy and protein expression, as well as whether BSR could markedly improve functional recovery in a mouse model of TBI. Taken together our results shows for the first time that BSR limits histological alteration, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant, cytokines release and autophagic flux alteration induced by TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical and Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical and Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical and Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical and Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical and Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical and Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Licia Pantano
- Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Luay J. Rashan
- Medicinal Plants Division, Research Center, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical and Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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6
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Osakabe N, Modafferi S, Ontario ML, Rampulla F, Zimbone V, Migliore MR, Fritsch T, Abdelhameed AS, Maiolino L, Lupo G, Anfuso CD, Genovese E, Monzani D, Wenzel U, Calabrese EJ, Vabulas RM, Calabrese V. Polyphenols in Inner Ear Neurobiology, Health and Disease: From Bench to Clinics. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2045. [PMID: 38004094 PMCID: PMC10673256 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial experimental and clinical interest in providing effective ways to both prevent and slow the onset of hearing loss. Auditory hair cells, which occur along the basilar membrane of the cochlea, often lose functionality due to age-related biological alterations, as well as from exposure to high decibel sounds affecting a diminished/damaged auditory sensitivity. Hearing loss is also seen to take place due to neuronal degeneration before or following hair cell destruction/loss. A strategy is necessary to protect hair cells and XIII cranial/auditory nerve cells prior to injury and throughout aging. Within this context, it was proposed that cochlea neural stem cells may be protected from such aging and environmental/noise insults via the ingestion of protective dietary supplements. Of particular importance is that these studies typically display a hormetic-like biphasic dose-response pattern that prevents the occurrence of auditory cell damage induced by various model chemical toxins, such as cisplatin. Likewise, the hormetic dose-response also enhances the occurrence of cochlear neural cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. These findings are particularly important since they confirmed a strong dose dependency of the significant beneficial effects (which is biphasic), whilst having a low-dose beneficial response, whereas extensive exposures may become ineffective and/or potentially harmful. According to hormesis, phytochemicals including polyphenols exhibit biphasic dose-response effects activating low-dose antioxidant signaling pathways, resulting in the upregulation of vitagenes, a group of genes involved in preserving cellular homeostasis during stressful conditions. Modulation of the vitagene network through polyphenols increases cellular resilience mechanisms, thus impacting neurological disorder pathophysiology. Here, we aimed to explore polyphenols targeting the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway to neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies that can potentially reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, thus preventing auditory hair cell and XIII cranial/auditory nerve cell degeneration. Furthermore, we explored techniques to enhance their bioavailability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Osakabe
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan;
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Francesco Rampulla
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Vincenzo Zimbone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Maria Rita Migliore
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | | | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Medical, Surgical Advanced Technologies “G. F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Genovese
- Department of Maternal and Child and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Daniele Monzani
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Uwe Wenzel
- Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - R. Martin Vabulas
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Biochemistry, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.M.); (M.L.O.); (F.R.); (V.Z.); (M.R.M.); (G.L.); (C.D.A.)
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7
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Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Genovese T, Crupi R, Interdonato L, Evangelista M, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, D'Amico R. Molecular targets for anti-oxidative protection of açaí berry against diabetes myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:339-352. [PMID: 37609799 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2243032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is the principal cause of death and occurs after prolonged blockage of the coronary arteries. Diabetes represents one of the main factors aggravating myocardial injury. Restoring blood flow is the first intervention against a heart attack, although reperfusion process could cause additional damage, such as the overproduction of reacting oxygen species (ROS). In recent years, açaí berry has gained international attention as a functional food due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; not only that but this fruit has shown glucose-lowering effects. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of açaí berry on the inflammatory and oxidative responses associated with diabetic MIRI. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intravenous inoculation of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and allowed to develop for 60 days. MIRI was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Açaí (200 mg/kg) was administered 5 min before the end of ischemia and 1 h after reperfusion. In this study, we clearly demonstrated that açaí treatment was able to reduce biomarkers of myocardial damage, infarct size, and apoptotic process. Moreover, açaí administrations reduced inflammatory and oxidative response, modulating Nf-kB and Nrf2 pathways. These results suggest that açai berry supplementation could represent a useful strategy for pathological events associated to MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maurizio Evangelista
- Institute of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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8
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D’Amico R, Tomasello M, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Interdonato L, Abdelhameed AS, Fusco R, Calabrese V, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Mechanism of Action of Natural Compounds in Peripheral Multiorgan Dysfunction and Hippocampal Neuroinflammation Induced by Sepsis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030635. [PMID: 36978883 PMCID: PMC10045853 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial sepsis induces the production of excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, resulting in tissue injury and hyperinflammation. Patients recovering from sepsis have increased rates of central nervous system (CNS) morbidities, which are linked to long-term cognitive impairment, such as neurodegenerative pathologies. This paper focuses on the tissue injury and hyperinflammation observed in the acute phase of sepsis and on the development of long-term neuroinflammation associated with septicemia. Here we evaluate the effects of Coriolus versicolor administration as a novel approach to treat polymicrobial sepsis. Rats underwent cecal ligation and perforation (CLP), and Coriolus versicolor (200 mg/kg in saline) was administered daily by gavage. Survival was monitored, and tissues from vital organs that easily succumb to infection were harvested after 72 h to evaluate the histological changes. Twenty-eight days after CLP, behavioral analyses were performed, and serum and brain (hippocampus) samples were harvested at four weeks from surgery. Coriolus versicolor increased survival and reduced acute tissue injury. Indeed, it reduced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream, leading to a reduced chronic inflammation. In the hippocampus, Coriolus versicolor administration restored tight junction expressions, reduce cytokines accumulation and glia activation. It also reduced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components expression. Coriolus versicolor showed antioxidant activities, restoring glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reducing lipid peroxidation, nitrite and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Importantly, Coriolus versicolor reduced amyloid precursor protein (APP), phosphorylated-Tau (p-Tau), pathologically phosphorylated tau (PHF1), phosphorylated tau (Ser202 and Thr205) (AT8), interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) expression, and β-amyloid accumulation induced by CLP. Indeed, Coriolus versicolor restored synaptic dysfunction and behavioral alterations. This research shows the effects of Coriolus versicolor administration on the long-term development of neuroinflammation and brain dysfunction induced by sepsis. Overall, our results demonstrated that Coriolus versicolor administration was able to counteract the degenerative process triggered by sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Tomasello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ali Saber Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 14451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Vererinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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9
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Arangia A, Marino Y, Impellizzeri D, D’Amico R, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Hydroxytyrosol and Its Potential Uses on Intestinal and Gastrointestinal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043111. [PMID: 36834520 PMCID: PMC9964144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the phytoconstituents of foods in the Mediterranean diet (MD) have been the subject of several studies for their beneficial effects on human health. The traditional MD is described as a diet heavy in vegetable oils, fruits, nuts, and fish. The most studied element of MD is undoubtedly olive oil due precisely to its beneficial properties that make it an object of interest. Several studies have attributed these protective effects to hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main polyphenol contained in olive oil and leaves. HT has been shown to be able to modulate the oxidative and inflammatory process in numerous chronic disorders, including intestinal and gastrointestinal pathologies. To date, there is no paper that summarizes the role of HT in these disorders. This review provides an overview of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant proprieties of HT against intestinal and gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Arangia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (R.D.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (D.I. & R.D.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (R.D.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (D.I. & R.D.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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10
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D’Amico R, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Interdonato L, Crupi R, Gugliandolo E, Macrì F, Di Paola D, Peritore AF, Fusco R, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Regulation of Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress by Oral Boswellia Serrata Gum Resin Extract in a Rat Model of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315348. [PMID: 36499679 PMCID: PMC9736785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS) is a gynecological disease characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis dysregulation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Boswellia serrata gum resin extract (BS) on the endometriotic lesions in a rat model of endometriosis. We divided female rats into three groups, including Sham, EMS, EMS + BS. In the EMS and EMS + BS groups, pathology was induced and after 7 days by the abdominal high-frequency ultrasound (hfUS) analysis the presence of the endometriotic lesions was confirmed. Subsequently, the EMS + BS group was administered with BS (100 mg/Kg) daily for another 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the hfUS analysis was repeated and the animals were sacrificed to evaluate the size and histoarchitecture of the endometriotic implants. Pelvic ultrasound showed increased size of the endometriotic lesions in the Endo group, while BS administration reduced the lesion size. The macroscopic analysis confirmed the reduced area and volume of the endometriotic lesions of the EMS + BS group. The histological analysis showed reduced characteristic of ectopic stroma and glands in the animals treated with BS. Western blot analyses were conducted to evaluate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. BS increases the expression of Nfr2 in the nucleus and the expression of its downstream antioxidant proteins NQO-1 and HO-1. Moreover, it reduced lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione (GSH) levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. BS administration also restored the impaired apoptotic pathway in the lesions by reducing Bcl-2 expression and increasing Bax and cleaved caspase 9 levels. The BS apoptotic effect was also confirmed by the cleavage of PARP, another specific marker of apoptosis, and by the TUNEL assay. Our results show that BS administration resulted in an effective and coordinated suppression of Endo owing to its antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunzita, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunzita, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Macrì
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunzita, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres, n 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunzita, 98168 Messina, Italy
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11
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D'Amico R, Impellizzeri D, Genovese T, Fusco R, Peritore AF, Crupi R, Interdonato L, Franco G, Marino Y, Arangia A, Gugliandolo E, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Siracusa R, Cordaro M. Açai Berry Mitigates Parkinson's Disease Progression Showing Dopaminergic Neuroprotection via Nrf2-HO1 Pathways. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6519-6533. [PMID: 35970975 PMCID: PMC9463222 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The current pharmacological treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is focused on symptom alleviation rather than disease prevention. In this study, we look at a new strategy to neuroprotection that focuses on nutrition, by a supplementation with Açai berry in an experimental models of PD. Daily orally supplementation with Açai berry dissolved in saline at the dose of 500 mg/kg considerably reduced motor and non-motor symptom and neuronal cell death of the dopaminergic tract induced by 4 injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Furthermore, Açai berry administration reduced α-synuclein aggregation in neurons, enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter activities, and avoided dopamine depletion. Moreover, Açai berry administration was able to reduce astrogliosis and microgliosis as well as neuronal death. Its beneficial effects could be due to its bioactive phytochemical components that are able to stimulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by counteracting the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that are the basis of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D'Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Gianluca Franco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Arangia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy.
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Dell'Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
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12
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Chronic Exposure to Vinclozolin Induced Fibrosis, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Mice Kidney. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911296. [PMID: 36232596 PMCID: PMC9570110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinclozolin is one of the most used fungicides in the control of fungi in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. The effects of its exposure on different organs have been described, but information regarding its relevance to vinclozolin-induced nephrotoxicity is largely missing. This study focuses on the potential mechanism of vinclozolin-induced nephrotoxicity. CD1 male mice were administered vinclozolin (100 mg/kg) by oral gavage for 28 days. Vinclozolin administration decreased body weight over the treatment period and at the end of the experiment, increased the ratio of kidney weight to body weight and increased serum urea nitrogen and creatinine contents. Vinclozolin also induced histopathological alterations, including tubular dilatation and necrosis and impaired the integrity of the renal-tubular architecture and kidney fibrosis. The analyses conducted showed that vinclozolin administration altered the mRNA levels of mitochondrial function-related proteins (SIRT3, SIRT1, PGC-1α, TFAM, NRF1, VDAC-1, and Cyt c) and oxidative stress (increased lipid peroxidation and decreased total antioxidative capacity, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities, glutathione levels, and glutathione peroxidase activity) in the kidneys. Furthermore, vinclozolin induced toxicity that altered Nrf2 signalling and the related proteins (HO-1 and NQO-1). Vinclozolin administration also affected both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, upregulating the expression of proapoptotic factors (Bax, Caspase 3, and FasL) and downregulating antiapoptotic factor (Bcl-2) levels. This study suggests that vinclozolin induced nephrotoxicity by disrupting the transcription of mitochondrial function-related factors, the Nrf2 signalling pathway, and the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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13
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Pharmacological mechanisms of chitotriose as a redox regulator in the treatment of rat inflammatory bowel disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112988. [PMID: 35468583 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extensive development has been made in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), adverse effects and incomplete efficacy of currently used medications are continuous challenge. Accumulated reports on the benefits of chitosan oligosaccharides in intestinal disorders make chitotriose (COS) a breakthrough in the development of new IBD drugs. This study aimed to investigate the biosafety, efficacy and pharmacological mechanisms of COS in the treatment of experimental IBD in compare with the commercial 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). In this study, COS effectively relieved active inflammation, restored epithelial function, and reduced intestinal fibrosis. Further investigation demonstrated that COS treatment regulated redox state of the colon tissue by stimulating the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), increasing production of endogenous antioxidants, and alleviating oxidative stress. The offset of oxidative stress shut down the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-ĸB) inflammatory pathway, mitophagy of epithelial cells, M2 macrophage polarization in pre-fibrotic inflammation, and myofibroblast activation in intestinal fibrogenesis. In conclusion, COS is a safe and effective therapeutic agent for experimental IBD as a redox regulator. Our results expand the current understanding of the pharmacology of chitosan oligosaccharides for IBD treatment and provides experimental basis for the medicinal development of small molecule carbohydrates.
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14
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Scuto M, Modafferi S, Rampulla F, Zimbone V, Tomasello M, Spano’ S, Ontario M, Palmeri A, Trovato Salinaro A, Siracusa R, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese E, Wenzel U, Calabrese V. Redox modulation of stress resilience by Crocus Sativus L. for potential neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory applications in brain disorders: From molecular basis to therapy. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 205:111686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Di Paola D, Natale S, Iaria C, Cordaro M, Crupi R, Siracusa R, D’Amico R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Spanò N, Gugliandolo E, Peritore AF. Intestinal Disorder in Zebrafish Larvae (Danio rerio): The Protective Action of N-Palmitoylethanolamide-oxazoline. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12010125. [PMID: 35054518 PMCID: PMC8778351 DOI: 10.3390/life12010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IBD (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) is an inflammatory disease affecting the gastrointestinal tract that is common in both humans and veterinarians. Several studies have revealed the pharmacological properties of the oxazoline of palmitoylethanolamide (PEAOXA). Zebrafish larvae were exposed to sodium dextran sulphate (DSS) to induce enterocolitis and study the protective action of PEAOXA. After repetitive exposure with 0.25% DSS, larvae presented gut alteration with an increase in mucus production. Furthermore, DSS exposure induced an increase in the inflammatory pathway in the intestine, related to an increase in the Endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress genes. PEAOXA exposure at a concentration of 10 mg/L decreased the DSS-induced gut damage and mucus production, as well as being able to reduce the inflammatory and ER stress-related genes expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the alterations induced by repeated exposure to DSS were counteracted by PEAOXA action that was able to inhibit the increase in inflammation and ER stress involved in the progression of enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Sabrina Natale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Carmelo Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (N.S.); Tel.: +39-90-6765208 (S.C.); +39-90-6765210 (N.S.)
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (N.S.); Tel.: +39-90-6765208 (S.C.); +39-90-6765210 (N.S.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.C.); (E.G.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (D.D.P.); (S.N.); (C.I.); (R.S.); (R.D.); (R.F.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.)
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16
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D’Amico R, Monaco F, Siracusa R, Cordaro M, Fusco R, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Impellizzeri D, Genovese T. Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide in the Management of Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111388. [PMID: 34768820 PMCID: PMC8583705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a severe condition characterized by the systemic formation of microthrombi complicated with bleeding tendency and organ dysfunction. In the last years, it represents one of the most frequent consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogenesis of DIC is complex, with cross-talk between the coagulant and inflammatory pathways. The objective of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory action of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DIC model in rats. Experimental DIC was induced by continual infusion of LPS (30 mg/kg) for 4 h through the tail vein. Um-PEA (30 mg/kg) was given orally 30 min before and 1 h after the start of intravenous infusion of LPS. Results showed that um-PEA reduced alteration of coagulation markers, as well as proinflammatory cytokine release in plasma and lung samples, induced by LPS infusion. Furthermore, um-PEA also has the effect of preventing the formation of fibrin deposition and lung damage. Moreover, um-PEA was able to reduce the number of mast cells (MCs) and the release of its serine proteases, which are also necessary for SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results suggest that um-PEA could be considered as a potential therapeutic approach in the management of DIC and in clinical implications associated to coagulopathy and lung dysfunction, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (T.G.)
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (T.G.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (T.G.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (T.G.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (S.C. & R.D.P.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (T.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (S.C. & R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (T.G.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (A.F.P.); (D.I.); (T.G.)
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17
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di Michele F. Why use nutraceutical strategies for the Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2075-2092. [PMID: 34533437 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210917115255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional bowel disorder, often stress-related, identified by many abdominal symptoms, the most important of which is the chronic visceral abdominal pain. Therefore, IBS commonly impairs the quality of life of patients, moreover it is frequently linked to depressive and anxiety symptoms. The treatment of IBS primarily focuses on symptoms relief. Unfortunately, up to now, no efficacious therapies have been found. Therefore, it would be important to develop new anti-IBS interventions. The aim of this brief review is to summarize the current evidence of nutraceutical supplementation in IBS treatment, with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, butyrate, palmitoylethanolamide and colostrum. Since nutraceutics are over the counter products, the review has the purpose to better inform the medicinal chemist and the practitioner about the possible benefit mechanisms and the many advantages that these therapies offer. All of these compounds present multiple mechanisms of action, such as restoring the physiological microbiota, potentiating gastrointestinal barrier's function, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. From the literature data it results that these compounds are not only capable to improve IBS symptomatology, but mainly display an optimal safety and tolerability profile. Although extensive studies must be carried out to reinforce the evidences from the so far limited clinical trials, the supplementation with these compounds may be useful considering the warnings of prescription medicines for special populations of patients, such as elders, youngsters, or patients who need a combination therapy. Finally, the nutraceutical approach may improve adherence to treatment, given its better acceptance by the patients compared to pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia di Michele
- Dept Systems Medicine, Policlinico Tor Vergata (PTV) Foundation, Rome, Italy
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18
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D’Amico R, Genovese T, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Gugliandolo E, Peritore AF, Interdonato L, Crupi R, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R, Fusco R, Impellizzeri D. Palmitoylethanolamide/Baicalein Regulates the Androgen Receptor Signaling and NF-κB/Nrf2 Pathways in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071014. [PMID: 34202665 PMCID: PMC8300753 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign tumor in males. Androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays a key role in the development of BPH; its alterations cause an imbalance between prostate cell growth and apoptosis. Furthermore, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which are common conditions in BPH, contribute to disrupting the homeostasis between cell proliferation and cell death. With this background in mind, we investigated the effect of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA), baicalein (Baic) and co-ultramicronized um-PEA/Baic in a fixed ratio of 10:1 in an experimental model of BPH. BPH was induced in rats by daily administration of testosterone propionate (3 mg/kg) for 14 days. Baic (1 mg/kg), um-PEA (9 mg/kg) and um-PEA/Baic (10 mg/kg) were administered orally every day for 14 days. This protocol led to alterations in prostate morphology and increased levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and of androgen receptor and 5α-reductase expression. Moreover, testosterone injections induced a significant increase in markers of inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Our results show that um-PEA/Baic is capable of decreasing prostate weight and DHT production in BPH-induced rats, as well as being able to modulate apoptotic and inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress. These effects were most likely related to the synergy between the anti-inflammatory properties of um-PEA and the antioxidant effects of Baic. These results support the view that um-PEA/Baic should be further studied as a potent candidate for the management of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (T.G.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (R.F.); (D.I.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (T.G.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (R.F.); (D.I.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (T.G.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (R.F.); (D.I.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (T.G.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (R.F.); (D.I.)
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (T.G.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (R.F.); (D.I.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (T.G.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (R.F.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (S.C. & R.D.P.)
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (T.G.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (R.F.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (R.D.P.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (S.C. & R.D.P.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (T.G.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (R.F.); (D.I.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (T.G.); (R.S.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); (R.F.); (D.I.)
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19
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D’Amico R, Fusco R, Siracusa R, Impellizzeri D, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Interdonato L, Sforza AM, Crupi R, Cuzzocrea S, Genovese T, Cordaro M, Di Paola R. Inhibition of P2X7 Purinergic Receptor Ameliorates Fibromyalgia Syndrome by Suppressing NLRP3 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126471. [PMID: 34208781 PMCID: PMC8234677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition characterized by persistent widespread pain that significantly reduces quality of life in patients. The purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) seems to be involved in different pain states and neuroinflammation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the positive effects of P2X7R inhibition by the antagonist Brilliant Blue G (BBG) in a rat model of reserpine-induced fibromyalgia. Sprague-Dawley male rats were injected with 1 mg/kg of reserpine for three consecutive days. Later, animals were administered BBG (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for seven days. Reserpine injections induced a significant increase in pain pro-inflammatory mediators as well as a significant increase in neuroinflammation. Chronic pain, in turn, led to depressive-like symptoms and reduced neurogenesis. Blockage of P2X7R by BBG administrations is able to attenuate the behavioral deficits, pain mediators and microglial activation induced by reserpine injection. Additionally, BBG prevents NLRP3 inflammasome activation and consequently the release of active interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18, involved in the activation of nociceptors. In conclusion, these results suggest that inhibition of P2X7R should be further investigated to develop a potential approach for the management of fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (R.S.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); or (A.M.S.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (R.S.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); or (A.M.S.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (R.S.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); or (A.M.S.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (R.S.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); or (A.M.S.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (R.S.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); or (A.M.S.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (R.S.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); or (A.M.S.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Andrea Maria Sforza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (R.S.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); or (A.M.S.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (E.G.); (R.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (R.S.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); or (A.M.S.); (R.D.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (T.G.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (S.C. & T.G.)
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (R.S.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); or (A.M.S.); (R.D.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (T.G.); Tel.: +39-090-676-5208 (S.C. & T.G.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.F.); (R.S.); (D.I.); (A.F.P.); (L.I.); or (A.M.S.); (R.D.P.)
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Wang X, Fukui H, Ran Y, Xu X, Ebisutani N, Nakanishi T, Tanaka Y, Maeda A, Makizaki Y, Tomita T, Oshima T, Miwa H. Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 Has a Preventive Effect on the Acceleration of Colonic Permeability and M1 Macrophage Population in Maternally Separated Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060641. [PMID: 34204993 PMCID: PMC8229252 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although probiotics may be useful for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is unclear how probiotics play a role in colonic mucosal integrity and immunity. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum G9-1 (BBG9-1) on colonic mucosal integrity and macrophage behavior in rats subjected to maternal separation (MS) as a model of IBS. MS pups were individually separated from their mother rats, and a proportion of the MS rats were orally administered BBG9-1. The colonic mucosal permeability was evaluated by Ussing chamber assay. The expression of tight junction proteins and cytokines and the population of CD80-positive cells was examined in the colonic tissues by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Caco2 cells were stimulated with cytokines and the transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) was measured. MS rats showed significantly higher colonic permeability and lower claudin 4 expression in the colonic epithelium relative to controls. The number of CD80-positive macrophages was significantly increased in the colonic mucosa of MS rats, accompanied by the increase of IL-6 and IFN-γ expression. BBG9-1 treatment ameliorated the increase of M1 macrophage and IL-6/IFN-γ expression in the colonic tissue of MS rats. Simultaneously, BBG9-1 treatment improved the enhanced mucosal permeability and the decreased claudin 4 expression in the colon of MS rats. IL-6 and IFN-γ, whose expression is enhanced in the colon of MS rats, significantly decreased TEER in Caco2 cells in vitro. Probiotic BBG9-1 has a preventive effect on the acceleration of colonic permeability and M1 macrophage population in maternally separated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, l-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.R.); (X.X.); (N.E.); (T.N.); (T.T.); (T.O.); (H.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hirokazu Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, l-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.R.); (X.X.); (N.E.); (T.N.); (T.T.); (T.O.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-798-45-6662
| | - Ying Ran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, l-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.R.); (X.X.); (N.E.); (T.N.); (T.T.); (T.O.); (H.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, l-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.R.); (X.X.); (N.E.); (T.N.); (T.T.); (T.O.); (H.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road 154, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Nobuhiko Ebisutani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, l-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.R.); (X.X.); (N.E.); (T.N.); (T.T.); (T.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Takashi Nakanishi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, l-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.R.); (X.X.); (N.E.); (T.N.); (T.T.); (T.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Yoshiki Tanaka
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 7-3-4 Higashi-machi, Ibukidai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2242, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Ayako Maeda
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 7-3-4 Higashi-machi, Ibukidai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2242, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yutaka Makizaki
- R&D Center, Biofermin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 7-3-4 Higashi-machi, Ibukidai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2242, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Toshihiko Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, l-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.R.); (X.X.); (N.E.); (T.N.); (T.T.); (T.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Tadayuki Oshima
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, l-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.R.); (X.X.); (N.E.); (T.N.); (T.T.); (T.O.); (H.M.)
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, l-1, Mukogawa, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan; (X.W.); (Y.R.); (X.X.); (N.E.); (T.N.); (T.T.); (T.O.); (H.M.)
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Sharma VK, Singh TG, Garg N, Dhiman S, Gupta S, Rahman MH, Najda A, Walasek-Janusz M, Kamel M, Albadrani GM, Akhtar MF, Saleem A, Altyar AE, Abdel-Daim MM. Dysbiosis and Alzheimer's Disease: A Role for Chronic Stress? Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050678. [PMID: 33946488 PMCID: PMC8147174 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable, neuropsychiatric, pathological condition that deteriorates the worth of geriatric lives. AD is characterized by aggregated senile amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss, gliosis, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter dysfunction, and bioenergetic deficits. The changes in GIT composition and harmony have been recognized as a decisive and interesting player in neuronal pathologies including AD. Microbiota control and influence the oxidoreductase status, inflammation, immune system, and the endocrine system through which it may have an impact on the cognitive domain. The altered and malfunctioned state of microbiota is associated with minor infections to complicated illnesses that include psychosis and neurodegeneration, and several studies show that microbiota regulates neuronal plasticity and neuronal development. The altered state of microbiota (dysbiosis) may affect behavior, stress response, and cognitive functions. Chronic stress-mediated pathological progression also has a well-defined role that intermingles at various physiological levels and directly impacts the pathological advancement of AD. Chronic stress-modulated alterations affect the well-established pathological markers of AD but also affect the gut–brain axis through the mediation of various downstream signaling mechanisms that modulate the microbial commensals of GIT. The extensive literature reports that chronic stressors affect the composition, metabolic activities, and physiological role of microbiota in various capacities. The present manuscript aims to elucidate mechanistic pathways through which stress induces dysbiosis, which in turn escalates the neuropathological cascade of AD. The stress–dysbiosis axis appears a feasible zone of work in the direction of treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.K.S.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (S.G.)
- Goverment College of Pharmacy, District Shimla, Rohru 171207, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.K.S.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-98-1595-1171 (T.G.S.); +20-96-65-8019-2142 (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.K.S.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Sonia Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.K.S.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India; (V.K.S.); (N.G.); (S.D.); (S.G.)
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh;
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Laboratory of Quality of Vegetables and Medicinal Plants, Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.W.-J.)
| | - Magdalena Walasek-Janusz
- Laboratory of Quality of Vegetables and Medicinal Plants, Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 15 Akademicka Street, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.W.-J.)
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Furqan Akhtar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54950, Pakistan;
| | - Ammara Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-98-1595-1171 (T.G.S.); +20-96-65-8019-2142 (M.M.A.-D.)
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D’Amico R, Siracusa R, Fusco R, Cordaro M, Genovese T, Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Crupi R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Paola RD. Protective effects of Colomast ®, A New Formulation of Adelmidrol and Sodium Hyaluronate, in A Mouse Model of Acute Restraint Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8136. [PMID: 33143356 PMCID: PMC7662642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is generally defined as a homeostatic disruption from actual or implied threats and alters the homeostatic balance of different body organs, such as gastrointestinal function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), inducing the release of glucocorticoid hormones. Stress is also known to be a risk factor for the development of depression and anxiety. However, until today there are no suitable therapies for treating of stress. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effect of Colomast®, a new preparation containing Adelmidrol, an enhancer of physiological of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and sodium hyaluronate in an animal model of immobilization stress. Acute restraint stress (ARS) was induced in mice by fixation for 2 h of the four extremities with an adhesive tape and Colomast® (20 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage 30 min before the immobilization. Colomast® pre-treatment was able to decrease histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, cytokines expression, neutrophil infiltration, mast cell activation, oxidative stress, as well as modulate nuclear factor NF-kB and apoptosis pathways after ARS induction. Moreover, Colomast® was able to restore tight junction in both ileum and hippocampus and cortex. Additionally, we demonstrated that Colomast® ameliorated depression and anxiety-related behaviours, and modulate inflammatory and apoptosis pathways also in brain after ARS induction. In conclusion, our results suggest Colomast® to be a potential approach to ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Genovese
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (R.D.P.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (R.S.); (R.F.); (T.G.); (A.F.P.); (E.G.); (R.D.P.)
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Nesci V, Russo E, Arcidiacono B, Citraro R, Tallarico M, Constanti A, Brunetti A, De Sarro G, Leo A. Metabolic Alterations Predispose to Seizure Development in High-Fat Diet-Treated Mice: the Role of Metformin. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4778-4789. [PMID: 32785826 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The link between epilepsy and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been poorly investigated. Therefore, we tested whether a high-fat diet (HFD), inducing insulin-resistant diabetes and obesity in mice, would increase susceptibility to develop generalized seizures induced by pentylentetrazole (PTZ) kindling. Furthermore, molecular mechanisms linked to glucose brain transport and the effects of the T2DM antidiabetic drug metformin were also studied along with neuropsychiatric comorbidities. To this aim, two sets of experiments were performed in CD1 mice, in which we firstly evaluated the HFD effects on some metabolic and behavioral parameters in order to have a baseline reference for kindling experiments assessed in the second section of our protocol. We detected that HFD predisposes towards seizure development in the PTZ-kindling model and this was linked to a reduction in glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) expression as observed in GLUT-1 deficiency syndrome in humans but accompanied by a compensatory increase in expression of GLUT-3. While we confirmed that HFD induced neuropsychiatric alterations in the treated mice, it did not change the development of kindling comorbidities. Furthermore, we propose that the beneficial effects of metformin we observed towards seizure development are related to a normalization of both GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 expression levels. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that an altered glycometabolic profile could play a pro-epileptic role in human patients. We therefore recommend that MetS or T2DM should be constantly monitored and possibly avoided in patients with epilepsy, since they could further aggravate this latter condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nesci
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy. .,C.I.S.-Interdepartmental Services Centre of Veterinary for Human and Animal Health, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Biagio Arcidiacono
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rita Citraro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Martina Tallarico
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrew Constanti
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London, UK
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa e Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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D’Amico R, Impellizzeri D, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. ALIAmides Update: Palmitoylethanolamide and Its Formulations on Management of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155330. [PMID: 32727084 PMCID: PMC7432736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain results from lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system and it remains largely difficult to treat. Peripheral neuropathic pain originates from injury to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and manifests as a series of symptoms and complications, including allodynia and hyperalgesia. The aim of this review is to discuss a novel approach on neuropathic pain management, which is based on the knowledge of processes that underlie the development of peripheral neuropathic pain; in particular highlights the role of glia and mast cells in pain and neuroinflammation. ALIAmides (autacoid local injury antagonist amides) represent a group of endogenous bioactive lipids, including palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which play a central role in numerous biological processes, including pain, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. These compounds are emerging thanks to their anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects, due to the down-regulation of activation of mast cells. Collectively, preclinical and clinical studies support the idea that ALIAmides merit further consideration as therapeutic approach for controlling inflammatory responses, pain, and related peripheral neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-90-6765208
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.); (D.I.); (R.D.P.)
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Palmitoylethanolamide and Related ALIAmides: Prohomeostatic Lipid Compounds for Animal Health and Wellbeing. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020078. [PMID: 32560159 PMCID: PMC7355440 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually every cellular process is affected by diet and this represents the foundation of dietary management to a variety of small animal disorders. Special attention is currently being paid to a family of naturally occurring lipid amides acting through the so-called autacoid local injury antagonism, i.e., the ALIA mechanism. The parent molecule of ALIAmides, palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA), has being known since the 1950s as a nutritional factor with protective properties. Since then, PEA has been isolated from a variety of plant and animal food sources and its proresolving function in the mammalian body has been increasingly investigated. The discovery of the close interconnection between ALIAmides and the endocannabinoid system has greatly stimulated research efforts in this field. The multitarget and highly redundant mechanisms through which PEA exerts prohomeostatic functions fully breaks with the classical pharmacology view of “one drug, one target, one disease”, opening a new era in the management of animals’ health, i.e., an according-to-nature biomodulation of body responses to different stimuli and injury. The present review focuses on the direct and indirect endocannabinoid receptor agonism by PEA and its analogues and also targets the main findings from experimental and clinical studies on ALIAmides in animal health and wellbeing.
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