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Ionescu (Miron) AI, Atasiei DI, Ionescu RT, Ultimescu F, Barnonschi AA, Anghel AV, Anghel CA, Antone-Iordache IL, Mitre R, Bobolocu AM, Zamfir A, Lișcu HD, Coniac S, Șandru F. Prediction of Subclinical and Clinical Multiple Organ Failure Dysfunction in Breast Cancer Patients-A Review Using AI Tools. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:381. [PMID: 38254870 PMCID: PMC11154446 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the interconnection between precursor lesions of breast cancer (typical ductal hyperplasia, atypical ductal/lobular hyperplasia) and the subclinical of multiple organ failure syndrome, both representing early stages marked by alterations preceding clinical symptoms, undetectable through conventional diagnostic methods. Addressing the question "Why patients with breast cancer exhibit a tendency to deteriorate", this study investigates the biological progression from a subclinical multiple organ failure syndrome, characterized by insidious but indisputable lesions, to an acute (clinical) state resembling a cascade akin to a waterfall or domino effect, often culminating in the patient's demise. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases in October 2023, employing keywords such as "MODS", "SIRS", "sepsis", "pathophysiology of MODS", "MODS in cancer patients", "multiple organ failure", "risk factors", "cancer", "ICU", "quality of life", and "breast cancer". Supplementary references were extracted from the retrieved articles. This study emphasizes the importance of early identification and prevention of the multiple organ failure cascade at the inception of the malignant state, aiming to enhance the quality of life and extend survival. This pursuit contributes to a deeper understanding of risk factors and viable therapeutic options. Despite the existence of the subclinical multiple organ failure syndrome, current diagnostic methodologies remain inadequate, prompting consideration of AI as an increasingly crucial tool for early identification in the diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Iuliana Ionescu (Miron)
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.I.); (A.-A.B.); (A.-V.A.); (C.-A.A.); (I.-L.A.-I.); (R.M.); (A.M.B.); (A.Z.); (H.-D.L.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Colțea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Dimitrie-Ionut Atasiei
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.I.); (A.-A.B.); (A.-V.A.); (C.-A.A.); (I.-L.A.-I.); (R.M.); (A.M.B.); (A.Z.); (H.-D.L.)
| | - Radu-Tudor Ionescu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bucharest, 010041 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Flavia Ultimescu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu”, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei-Alexandru Barnonschi
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.I.); (A.-A.B.); (A.-V.A.); (C.-A.A.); (I.-L.A.-I.); (R.M.); (A.M.B.); (A.Z.); (H.-D.L.)
| | - Alexandra-Valentina Anghel
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.I.); (A.-A.B.); (A.-V.A.); (C.-A.A.); (I.-L.A.-I.); (R.M.); (A.M.B.); (A.Z.); (H.-D.L.)
| | - Cătălin-Alexandru Anghel
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.I.); (A.-A.B.); (A.-V.A.); (C.-A.A.); (I.-L.A.-I.); (R.M.); (A.M.B.); (A.Z.); (H.-D.L.)
| | - Ionuț-Lucian Antone-Iordache
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.I.); (A.-A.B.); (A.-V.A.); (C.-A.A.); (I.-L.A.-I.); (R.M.); (A.M.B.); (A.Z.); (H.-D.L.)
| | - Ruxandra Mitre
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.I.); (A.-A.B.); (A.-V.A.); (C.-A.A.); (I.-L.A.-I.); (R.M.); (A.M.B.); (A.Z.); (H.-D.L.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Colțea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alexandra Maria Bobolocu
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.I.); (A.-A.B.); (A.-V.A.); (C.-A.A.); (I.-L.A.-I.); (R.M.); (A.M.B.); (A.Z.); (H.-D.L.)
| | - Andreea Zamfir
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.I.); (A.-A.B.); (A.-V.A.); (C.-A.A.); (I.-L.A.-I.); (R.M.); (A.M.B.); (A.Z.); (H.-D.L.)
| | - Horia-Dan Lișcu
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy and Medical Imaging, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-I.I.); (A.-A.B.); (A.-V.A.); (C.-A.A.); (I.-L.A.-I.); (R.M.); (A.M.B.); (A.Z.); (H.-D.L.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Colțea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Coniac
- Department of Medical Oncology, Colțea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Endocrinology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florica Șandru
- Department of Dermatovenerology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Dermatology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
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Wu L, Zhao H, Zhang M, Sun Q, Chang E, Li X, Ouyang W, Le Y, Ma D. Regulated cell death and inflammasome activation in gut injury following traumatic surgery in vitro and in vivo: implication for postoperative death due to multiorgan dysfunction. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:409. [PMID: 37935670 PMCID: PMC10630406 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative multi-organ dysfunction (MOD) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Necroptosis has been implicated in different types of solid organ injury; however, the mechanisms linking necroptosis to inflammation require further elucidation. The present study examines the involvement of necroptosis and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in small intestine injury following traumatic surgery. Kidney transplantation in rats and renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice were used as traumatic and laparotomic surgery models to study necroptosis and inflammasome activation in the small intestinal post-surgery; additional groups also received receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) inhibitor necrostatin-1s (Nec-1s). To investigate whether necroptosis regulates inflammasome activity in vitro, necroptosis was induced in human colonic epithelial cancer cells (Caco-2) by a combination of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), SMAC mimetic LCL-161 and pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-Oph (together, TLQ), and necroptosis was blocked by Nec-1s or mixed lineage kinase-domain like (MLKL) inhibitor necrosulfonamide (NSA). Renal transplantation and renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) upregulated the expression of necroptosis mediators (RIPK1; RIPK3; phosphorylated-MLKL) and inflammasome components (P2X purinoceptor subfamily 7, P2X7R; NLRP3; caspase-1) in the small intestines at 24 h, and Nec-1s suppressed the expression of inflammasome components. TLQ treatment induced NLRP3 inflammasome, promoted cleavage of caspase-1 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and stimulated extracellular ATP release from Caco-2 cells, and MLKL inhibitor NSA prevented TLQ-induced inflammasome activity and ATP release from Caco-2 cells. Our work suggested that necroptosis and inflammasome interactively promote remote postoperative small intestinal injury, at least in part, through ATP purinergic signalling. Necroptosis-inflammasome axis may be considered as novel therapeutic target for tackling postoperative MOD in the critical care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Wu
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hailin Zhao
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mengxu Zhang
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Qizhe Sun
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Enqiang Chang
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Xinyi Li
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuan Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Xiang Y, Yuan Y, Liu J, Xu X, Wang Z, Hassan S, Wu Y, Sun Q, Shen Y, Wang L, Yang H, Sun J, Xu G, Huang Q. A nomogram based on clinical factors to predict calendar year readmission in patients with ulcerative colitis. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231189124. [PMID: 37533706 PMCID: PMC10392194 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231189124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Readmission shortly after discharge is indicative of an increased disease severity for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and ineffectiveness to medical therapy, which may contribute to a dismal prognosis. Objectives This study aimed to explore prognostic variables with a nomogram to predict unplanned UC-related readmission within 1 year after discharge. Design A retrospective cohort study. Methods Electronic medical records of all UC patients treated at our center between 1 January 2014 and 31 June 2021 were reviewed. A comprehensive analysis of various characteristics, such as demographics, comorbidities, medical history, follow-up appointments, admission endoscopy, histopathologic features, etc., was used to determine the primary end point, which was unplanned UC-related calendar year readmission. Results We found that the unplanned UC-related readmission rate within 1 year was 20.8%. In multivariable cox analysis, the predictors of the Elixhauser comorbidity index [Hazard ratio (HR): 3.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93-6.37], regular follow-up (HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.16-0.53), any history of corticosteroid use (HR: 3.38, 95% CI: 1.83-6.27), seral level of C-reactive protein (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02), and the UC endoscopic index of severity (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05-1.57) independently predicted calendar year readmission after discharge. The established nomogram had a consistently high accuracy in predicting calendar year readmission in the training cohort, with a concordance index of 0.784, 0.825, and 0.837 at 13, 26, and 52 weeks, respectively, which was validated in both the internal and external validation cohorts. Therefore, UC patients were divided into clinically low-, high-, and extremely high-risk groups for readmission, based on the calculated score of 272.5 and 378. Conclusion The established nomogram showed good discrimination and calibration powers in predicting calendar year readmission in high-risk UC patients, who may need intensive treatment and regular outpatient visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinwen Xu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shahzeb Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yonghua Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214023, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210008, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Gao Q, Lin Y, Xu R, Zhang Y, Luo F, Chen R, Li P, Nie S, Li Y, Su L. Association between mean arterial pressure and clinical outcomes among patients with heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2023. [PMID: 37177860 PMCID: PMC10375101 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is widely used for evaluating organ perfusion, but its impact on clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between MAP and all-cause mortality and readmission in patients with HF. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrospectively analysed data from PhysioNet, involving 2005 patients with HF admitted to Zigong Fourth People's Hospital between 2016 and 2019. The primary outcomes were composite outcomes of all-cause mortality and readmission at 3 and 6 months. The secondary outcomes were readmission at 3 and 6 months. Multivariate-adjusted Cox regression models, restricted cubic spline curves (RCS), and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to explore the relationship between MAP and clinical outcomes. Among 2005 patients with HF [≥70 years, 1460 (72.8%); male, 843 (42.0%)], the incidence of primary outcome at 3 months was 33.4% (223/668), 24.4% (163/668), and 22.7% (152/669), and at 6 months, it was 47.5% (317/668), 38.5% (257/668), and 38.0% (254/669) across MAP tertiles [from Tertile 1 (T1) to Tertile 3 (T3)], respectively. The RCS showed an 'L-shaped' relationship between MAP and primary or secondary endpoints. Multivariate-adjusted Cox models showed that a higher MAP was significantly associated with a lower risk of composite endpoints at 3 months [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61-0.92, P = 0.006, Tertile 2 (T2); aHR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56-0.86, P = 0.001, T3] and 6 months (aHR 0.79, 95% CI 0.67-0.93, P = 0.005, T2; aHR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.91, P = 0.003, T3) compared with T1. After 1:1 PSM, the effect of maintaining a relatively higher MAP was slightly attenuated. Threshold analyses indicated that per 10 mmHg increase in MAP, there was a 21% and 14% decrease in composite endpoints at 3 and 6 months, respectively (aHR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69-0.91, P = 0.001), and 6 months (aHR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.97, P = 0.013) in patients with MAP ≤ 93 mmHg. The associations were consistent in readmission (secondary outcomes), various subgroups, and sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS A higher MAP was associated with a lower risk of a composite of all-cause mortality and readmission. Maintaining a relatively higher MAP could potentially improve the clinical prognosis for patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gao
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruqi Xu
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fan Luo
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruixuan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Pingping Li
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sheng Nie
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Licong Su
- Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Gokbulut P, Kuskonmaz SM, Koc G, Onder CE, Yumusak N, Erel O, Nural AS, Culha C. Evaluation of the effects of empagliflozin on acute lung injury in rat intestinal ischemia-reperfusion model. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:1017-1026. [PMID: 36495440 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01978-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empagliflozin is a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT2) inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The beneficial effects of empagliflozin on other organ systems including the heart and kidneys have been proven. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of empagliflozin on acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 27 male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: sham, I/R, and I/R + empagliflozin; each group containing nine animals. Sham group rats underwent laparotomy without I/R injury. Rats in the I/R group underwent laparotomy, 1 h of after ischemia-reperfusion injury (superior mesenteric artery ligation was followed by 2 h of reperfusion). Rats in I/R were given empagliflozin (30 mg/kg) by gastric gavage for 7 days before the ischemia-reperfusion injury. All animals were killed at the end of reperfusion and lung tissue samples were obtained for immunohistochemical staining and histopathological investigation in all groups. RESULTS Serum glucose, AST, ALT, creatinine, native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels and disulfide-native thiol, disulfide-total thiol, and native thiol-total thiol ratios as well as the IMA levels were analyzed and compared among the groups. While intestinal I/R significantly increases serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine levels; did not cause any change in homeostasis parameters and IMA level. Empagliflozin treatment had no significant effect on biochemical parameters. Empagliflozin treatment induced a significant decrease in positive immunostaining for IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9 compared to the I/R group in lung tissue samples. Intestinal I/R caused severe histopathological injury including edema, hemorrhage, increased thickness of the alveolar wall, and infiltration of inflammatory cells into alveolar spaces. Empagliflozin treatment significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that empagliflozin treatment may have beneficial effects in acute lung injury, and, therefore, has the potential for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gokbulut
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Hacettepe Neighborhood Ulucanlar Caddesi No: 89 Altindag, 06230, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - S M Kuskonmaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Hacettepe Neighborhood Ulucanlar Caddesi No: 89 Altindag, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - G Koc
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Hacettepe Neighborhood Ulucanlar Caddesi No: 89 Altindag, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C E Onder
- Ömer Halisdemir University Training and Research Hospital, Nigde, Turkey
| | - N Yumusak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - O Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A S Nural
- Department of Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C Culha
- Department of Endocrinology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Hacettepe Neighborhood Ulucanlar Caddesi No: 89 Altindag, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
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Deng Y, Xu X, Meng F, Lou J, Liao Y, Li Q, Zhuang M, Sun Y. PRP8-Induced CircMaml2 Facilitates the Healing of the Intestinal Mucosa via Recruiting PTBP1 and Regulating Sec62. Cells 2022; 11:3460. [PMID: 36359856 PMCID: PMC9654005 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and injured intestinal mucosa is the anatomical basis for various diseases. The expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is implicated in many diseases; however, the role of circRNAs in intestinal mucosal injury is yet to be discovered. Our preliminary gene microarray analysis revealed a novel circular RNA, circMaml2, with a significant intestinal mucosal protection effect. Its expression was found to decrease in severely burned intestinal mucosal tissue, whereas its overexpression might facilitate the reconstruction of the injured intestinal mucous membrane. METHODS The function of circMaml2 in cell proliferation and migration was studied in MC38 cells. The repair function of circMaml2 was tested on the intestinal mucosa of mice. RNA-binding protein polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1(PTBP1) was selected by pull-down assay and mass spectrometry (MS). RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was performed to confirm the binding of circMaml2 and PTBP1 and to study PTBP1 and its downstream target, early B-cell factor 1(Ebf1). Bioinformatics software forecast analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to ascertain miR-683 and Sec62 as the downstream targets of circMaml2 and miR-683, respectively. Furthermore, PRP8 was discovered to promote the biogenesis of circMaml2. RESULTS CircMaml2 promotes cell proliferation and migration of MC38 cells and the repair of the intestinal mucosa of mice. This effect is brought about by combining with PTBP1 to improve Ebf1 and interacting with miR-683 to regulate Sec2. Furthermore, PRP8 was discovered to promote the biogenesis of circMaml2. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported study of the effect of circMaml2 on intestinal mucosal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuequ Deng
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Fanze Meng
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jiaqi Lou
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yu Liao
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhuang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Burn Surgery, The Affiliated Huaihai Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The 71st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Xuzhou 221004, China
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Cunningham CA, Coppler PJ, Skolnik AB. The immunology of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome. Resuscitation 2022; 179:116-123. [PMID: 36028143 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients successfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest often have brain injury, myocardial dysfunction, and systemic ischemia-reperfusion injury, collectively termed the post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). To improve outcomes, potential therapies must be able to be administered early in the post-arrest course and provide broad cytoprotection, as ischemia-reperfusion injury affects all organ systems. Our understanding of the immune system contributions to the PCAS has expanded, with animal models detailing biologically plausible mechanisms of secondary injury, the protective effects of available immunomodulatory drugs, and how immune dysregulation underlies infection susceptibility after arrest. In this narrative review, we discuss the dysregulated immune response in PCAS, human trials of targeted immunomodulation therapies, and future directions for immunomodulation following cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Cunningham
- Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
| | - Patrick J Coppler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aaron B Skolnik
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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8
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SARS CoV-2-Induced Viral Sepsis: The Role of Gut Barrier Dysfunction. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051050. [PMID: 35630492 PMCID: PMC9143860 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable proportion of patients with severe COVID-19 meet Sepsis-3 criteria and share common pathophysiological mechanisms of multiorgan injury with bacterial sepsis, in absence of secondary bacterial infections, a process characterized as “viral sepsis”. The intestinal barrier exerts a central role in the pathophysiological sequence of events that lead from SARS-CoV-2 infection to severe systemic complications. Accumulating evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the integrity of the biological, mechanical and immunological gut barrier. Specifically, microbiota diversity and beneficial bacteria population are reduced, concurrently with overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria (dysbiosis). Enterocytes’ tight junctions (TJs) are disrupted, and the apoptotic death of intestinal epithelial cells is increased leading to increased gut permeability. In addition, mucosal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, Th17 cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells and macrophages are activated, and T-regulatory cells are decreased, thus promoting an overactivated immune response, which further injures the intestinal epithelium. This dysfunctional gut barrier in SARS-CoV-2 infection permits the escape of luminal bacteria, fungi and endotoxin to normally sterile extraintestinal sites and the systemic circulation. Pre-existing gut barrier dysfunction and endotoxemia in patients with comorbidities including cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and immunosuppression predisposes to aggravated endotoxemia. Bacterial and endotoxin translocation promote the systemic inflammation and immune activation, which characterize the SARS-CoV-2 induced “viral sepsis” syndrome associated with multisystemic complications of severe COVID-19.
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9
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Kozlov AV, Grillari J. Pathogenesis of Multiple Organ Failure: The Impact of Systemic Damage to Plasma Membranes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:806462. [PMID: 35372390 PMCID: PMC8964500 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.806462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ failure (MOF) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care patients, but the mechanisms causing this severe syndrome are still poorly understood. Inflammatory response, tissue hypoxia, immune and cellular metabolic dysregulations, and endothelial and microvascular dysfunction are the main features of MOF, but the exact mechanisms leading to MOF are still unclear. Recent progress in the membrane research suggests that cellular plasma membranes play an important role in key functions of diverse organs. Exploration of mechanisms contributing to plasma membrane damage and repair suggest that these processes can be the missing link in the development of MOF. Elevated levels of extracellular phospholipases, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, pore-forming proteins (PFPs), and dysregulation of osmotic homeostasis occurring upon systemic inflammatory response are the major extracellular inducers of plasma membrane damage, which may simultaneously operate in different organs causing their profound dysfunction. Hypoxia activates similar processes, but they predominantly occur within the cells targeting intracellular membrane compartments and ultimately causing cell death. To combat the plasma membrane damage cells have developed several repair mechanisms, such as exocytosis, shedding, and protein-driven membrane remodeling. Analysis of knowledge on these mechanisms reveals that systemic damage to plasma membranes may be associated with potentially reversible MOF, which can be quickly recovered, if pathological stimuli are eliminated. Alternatively, it can be transformed in a non-resolving phase, if repair mechanisms are not sufficient to deal with a large damage or if the damage is extended to intracellular compartments essential for vital cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation With AUVA, LBG, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics and Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation With AUVA, LBG, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Wzatek M, Bahammam S, Buiga P, Haddad K, Sima C. Oral Neutrophil Free Fatty Acid Receptors Expression May Link Oral Host and Microbiome Lipid Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:821326. [PMID: 35320973 PMCID: PMC8937037 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.821326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In health, commensal bacteria from oral biofilms stimulate polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment in gingival sulci and the oral cavity. Oral PMN (oPMN) is short-lived cells with low prosurvival gene expression. In periodontitis, oPMN accumulates in higher numbers, has extended lifespan, and sustains nonresolving inflammation. We hypothesize that short- and long-chain free fatty acids (SCFAs and LCFAs) and lipid mediator resolvin E1 (RvE1) modulate host ability to control biofilms and resolve inflammation. Our objective was to measure oPMN surface expression of receptors FFAR2 (binds bacteria-derived SCFA), FFAR4 (binds LCFA, EPA, and DHA), and ERV1 (binds RvE1) in health and to assess sex differences. We included 20 periodontally healthy individuals aged 20–80 years (10 males, 10 females), who were asked to (1) answer a targeted health nutritional questionnaire and (2) provide an oral saline rinse. oPMN isolated by sequential filtration was labeled with fluorophore-conjugated antibodies against CD11b, CD14, CD16, CD66b, ERV1, FFAR2, and FFAR4 and analyzed by flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were the following: two-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Pearson's correlation. Oral rinses contained 80% oPMN of which 60% were ERV1+ and FFAR2+, and 10% FFAR4+, with no sex differences. Females had more oPMN ERV1 compared to males. Both sexes had higher ERV1 compared to FFAR2 and FFAR4. CD66b+CD16high oPMN expressed less ERV1 and FFAR2 compared to CD66b+CD16low. There were positive correlations between oPMN ERV1 and FFAR2 expression and between ERV1+ and FFAR2+ oPMN and fish intake. These findings will help to better understand how oral host and microbiome interactions maintain periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wzatek
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Shaima Bahammam
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dentistry, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Petronela Buiga
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kendal Haddad
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Corneliu Sima
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Corneliu Sima
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11
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Penatzer JA, Srinivas S, Thakkar RK. The role of macrophages in thermal injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA 2022; 12:1-12. [PMID: 35309103 PMCID: PMC8918762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, first discovered for their phagocytic ability, are a complicated and heterogeneous cell type. The unique properties of macrophages allow them to perform a vast array of functions, including phagocytosis, cytokine production, antigen presentation, and wound healing. Some macrophage populations are derived from monocytes and are induced into specific phenotypes by the local tissue microenvironment, while other macrophages form during early embryonic development. The exposure of the host to local pathogens and/or traumatic injury alters the tissue microenvironment and, in turn, influences changes in macrophage phenotype and function. Perhaps the most significant change in the local tissue microenvironment and subsequent macrophage phenotype occurs after thermal injury, which causes localized tissue damage and a massive systemic inflammatory response. However, few studies have explored the influence of burn injury on the host macrophages and macrophage function in burn wounds. Furthermore, the literature is scant regarding the impact macrophage function has on outcomes in thermal injury. This review will focus on the current knowledge of macrophage function in burn wounds and the phenotypic changes in macrophages during thermal injury while identifying knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Penatzer
- Center for Clinical and Translation Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Shruthi Srinivas
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Rajan K Thakkar
- Center for Clinical and Translation Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Burn Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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12
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Current opinions on the mechanism, classification, imaging diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis. Chin J Traumatol 2021; 24:320-327. [PMID: 34429227 PMCID: PMC8606609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteomyelitis (PTO) is a worldwide problem in the field of orthopaedic trauma. So far, there is no ideal treatment or consensus-based gold standard for its management. This paper reviews the representative literature focusing on PTO, mainly from the following four aspects: (1) the pathophysiological mechanism of PTO and the interaction mechanism between bacteria and the body, including fracture stress, different components of internal fixation devices, immune response, occurrence and development mechanisms of inflammation in PTO, as well as the occurrence and development mechanisms of PTO in skeletal system; (2) clinical classification, mainly the etiological classification, histological classification, anatomical classification and the newly proposed new classifications (a brief analysis of their scope and limitations); (3) imaging diagnosis, including non-invasive examination and invasive examination (this paper discusses their advantages and disadvantages respectively, and briefly compares the sensitivity and effectiveness of the current examinations); and (4) strategies, including antibiotic administration, surgical choices and other treatment programs. Based on the above-mentioned four aspects, we try to put forward some noteworthy sections, in order to make the existing opinions more specific.
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13
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Nakatsutsumi K, Morishita K, Yagi M, Doki S, Watanabe A, Ikegami N, Kobayashi T, Kojima M, Senda A, Yamamoto K, Aiboshi J, Coimbra R, Otomo Y. Vagus nerve stimulation modulates arachidonic acid production in the mesenteric lymph following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2021; 91:700-707. [PMID: 34238858 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory lipid mediators in mesenteric lymph (ML), including arachidonic acid (AA), are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple-organ dysfunction after hemorrhagic shock. A previous study suggested that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could relieve shock-induced gut injury and abrogate ML toxicity, resulting in the prevention of multiple-organ dysfunction. However, the detailed mechanism of VNS in lymph toxicity remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between VNS and inflammatory lipid mediators in ML. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy and superior mesenteric artery obstruction (SMAO) for 60 minutes to induce intestinal ischemia followed by reperfusion and observation. The ML duct was cannulated, and ML samples were obtained both before and after SMAO. The distal ileum was removed at the end of the observation period. In one group of animals, VNS was performed from 10 minutes before 10 minutes after SMAO (5 V, 0.5 Hz). Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of AA was performed for each ML sample. The biological activity of ML was examined using a monocyte nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation assay. Western blotting of phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2-IIA) was also performed for ML and ileum samples. RESULTS Vagus nerve stimulation relieved the SMAO-induced histological gut injury. The concentration of AA and level of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation in ML increased significantly after SMAO, whereas VNS prevented these responses. Western blotting showed PLA2-IIA expression in the ML and ileum after SMAO; however, the appearance of PLA2-IIA band was remarkably decreased in the samples from VNS-treated animals. CONCLUSION The results suggested that VNS could relieve gut injury induced by SMAO and decrease the production of AA in ML by altering PLA2-IIA expression in the gut and ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Nakatsutsumi
- From the Department of Acute Critical Care and Disaster Medicine (K.N., Y.O.), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Department of Acute Critical Care and Disaster Medicine (K.N., K.M., A.S., J.A., Y.O.), Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital of Medicine; Department of Biological Sciences (S.D., A.W., N.I., T.K.), Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo; Emergency Medicine and Acute Care Surgery (M.Y.), Matsudo City General Hospital, Chiba; Emergency and Critical Care Center (M.K.), Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East; Department of Comprehensive Pathology (K.Y.), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; and Department of Surgery (R.C.), Riverside University Health System Medical Center, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California
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14
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Choi SH, Kim JY, Yoon YH. Analysis of polymorphonuclear cell apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines in trauma patients in the emergency department. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:10617-10624. [PMID: 34650734 PMCID: PMC8507036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Durring the immune-inflammation cascade in trauma patients, the roles of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and inflammatory cytokines are very important; however, there is little research in this area, especially for patients with multiple traumas. This study aimed to determine the effects of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis of PMNs on the prognosis of patients with multiple traumas in tertiary medical centers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study subjects were patients with multiple severe traumas who had visited the emergency department. More specifically, patients with multiple traumas included those who had visited the emergency department because of trauma and presented with trauma in more than two body regions. The severity of the traumas was evaluated using the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and abbreviated injury scale (AIS). In addition, prognostic factors including the length of the hospital stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), the condition upon discharge from the emergency department (discharge, hospitalization in a general ward, hospitalization in the intensive care unit, transfer to a different hospital, surgical operation, death, etc.), outcome of the surgical operation, and presence of infection were examined. To examine the inflammatory response factors, blood samples were obtained. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze PMN cell apoptosis. For comparative analysis, the patients were categorized according to their admission type and the presence of hemorrhagic shock. RESULTS Ninety-six patients were enrolled in the study (mean age 51.4 ± 16.7 years). When inpatients that had been admitted to the ICU were compared with general-ward inpatients, apoptosis, ROS, MIF, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were found to be higher, with levels of TNF-α showing a statistically significant difference (726.7 ± 1524.2 vs. 37.5 ± 83.0, P = 0.037). PMN cell apoptosis was rarely observed in shock patients compared with non-shock patients (5.1 ± 5.8 vs. 15.0 ± 26.1, P = 0.004). When subjects were classified based on AIS (11 points or more, no more than 11 points), no significant differences were found between groups. CONCLUSION Findings of laboratory tests targeting trauma patients who required hospitalization showed that levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α were increased in ICU-hospitalized patients. PMN cell apoptosis was reduced according to the initial laboratory data of patients with hemorrhagic shock in the emergency department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyuk Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Youn Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Burn injuries are a common form of traumatic injury that leads to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Burn injuries are characterized by inflammatory processes and alterations in numerous organ systems and functions. Recently, it has become apparent that the gastrointestinal bacterial microbiome is a key component of regulating the immune response and recovery from burn and can also contribute to significant detrimental sequelae after injury, such as sepsis and multiple organ failure. Microbial dysbiosis has been linked to multiple disease states; however, its role in exacerbating acute traumatic injuries, such as burn, is poorly understood. In this article, we review studies that document changes in the intestinal microbiome after burn injury, assess the implications in post-burn pathogenesis, and the potential for further discovery and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E. Luck
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Caroline J. Herrnreiter
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Mashkoor A. Choudhry
- Burn & Shock Trauma Research Institute, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Alcohol Research Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Integrative Cell Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago Health Sciences Division, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Organ dysfunction as determined by the SOFA score is associated with prognosis in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury above T6. Spinal Cord 2021; 60:274-280. [PMID: 34462548 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective, observational study. OBJECTIVES To evaluate organ dysfunction in patients with an acute traumatic spinal cord injury (ATSCI) above T6 using the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score to determine its association with mortality. SETTING The study was performed at the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital in the northwest of Spain. METHODS The study included 241 patients with an ATSCI above T6 who had been admitted to the ICU between 1998 and 2017. A descriptive analysis of all variables collected was performed to compare the survivors with the non-survivors. In addition, a logistic regression model was used in the multivariate analysis to identify variables that were independently associated with mortality. RESULTS The results revealed significant differences between the survivors and non-survivors in terms of their age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission, APACHE II score, SOFA score on day 0 and day 4, and delta SOFA 4-0 (ΔSOFA 4-0). The results of this multivariate analysis identified the following variables as independent predictors of intra-ICU mortality: age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1. 01-1.08), SOFA score on day 0 (OR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.13-1.78), ΔSOFA 4-0 (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.25-1.87), and fluid balance on day 4 (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.00-1.35). CONCLUSIONS The SOFA score is useful for evaluating organ dysfunction in patients with an ATSCI above T6. After adjusting the analysis for conventional variables, organ dysfunction on admission, changes in organ function between day 4 and day 0 (ΔSOFA 4-0), and fluid balance on day 4 were seen to be independently associated with mortality in our study.
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17
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Shi H, Gandhi AA, Smith SA, Wang Q, Chiang D, Yalavarthi S, Ali RA, Liu C, Sule G, Tsou PS, Zuo Y, Kanthi Y, Farkash EA, Lin JD, Morrissey JH, Knight JS. Endothelium-protective, histone-neutralizing properties of the polyanionic agent defibrotide. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e149149. [PMID: 34264868 PMCID: PMC8492316 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.149149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated activation and injury of the endothelium play roles in the pathogenesis of diverse disease states ranging from autoimmunity to cancer to COVID-19. Neutralization of cationic proteins (such as neutrophil extracellular trap–derived [NET-derived] histones) with polyanionic compounds has been suggested as a potential strategy for protecting the endothelium from such insults. Here, we report that the US Food and Drug Administration–approved polyanionic agent defibrotide (a pleiotropic mixture of oligonucleotides) directly engages histones and thereby blocks their pathological effects on endothelium. In vitro, defibrotide counteracted endothelial cell activation and pyroptosis-mediated cell death, whether triggered by purified NETs or recombinant histone H4. In vivo, defibrotide stabilized the endothelium and protected against histone-accelerated inferior vena cava thrombosis in mice. Mechanistically, defibrotide demonstrated direct and tight binding to histone H4 as detected by both electrophoretic mobility shift assay and surface plasmon resonance. Taken together, these data provide insights into the potential role of polyanionic compounds in protecting the endothelium from thromboinflammation with potential implications for myriad NET- and histone-accelerated disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Alex A Gandhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Diane Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Ramadan A Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Gautam Sule
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Pei-Suen Tsou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Yu Zuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Intramural Research National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Evan A Farkash
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - James H Morrissey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
| | - Jason S Knight
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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Shi H, Gandhi AA, Smith SA, Wang Q, Chiang D, Yalavarthi S, Ali RA, Liu C, Sule G, Tsou PS, Zuo Y, Kanthi Y, Farkash EA, Lin JD, Morrissey JH, Knight JS. Endothelium-protective, histone-neutralizing properties of the polyanionic agent defibrotide. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [PMID: 33655266 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.21.21252160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil-mediated activation and injury of the endothelium play a role in the pathogenesis of diverse disease states ranging from autoimmunity to cancer to COVID-19. Neutralization of cationic proteins (such as neutrophil extracellular trap/NET-derived histones) with polyanionic compounds has been suggested as a potential strategy for protecting the endothelium from such insults. Here, we report that the FDA-approved polyanionic agent defibrotide (a pleiotropic mixture of oligonucleotides) directly engages histones and thereby blocks their pathological effects on endothelium. In vitro , defibrotide counteracted endothelial cell activation and pyroptosis-mediated cell death, whether triggered by purified NETs or recombinant histone H4. In vivo , defibrotide stabilized the endothelium and protected against histone-accelerated inferior vena cava thrombosis in mice. Mechanistically, defibrotide demonstrated direct and tight binding to histone H4 as detected by both electrophoretic mobility shift assay and surface plasmon resonance. Taken together, these data provide insights into the potential role of polyanionic compounds in protecting the endothelium from thromboinflammation with potential implications for myriad NET- and histone-accelerated disease states.
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19
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LncRNA Bmp1 promotes the healing of intestinal mucosal lesions via the miR-128-3p/PHF6/PI3K/AKT pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:595. [PMID: 34108447 PMCID: PMC8190101 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mucosal injuries are directly or indirectly related to many common acute and chronic diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are expressed in many diseases, including intestinal mucosal injury. However, the relationship between lncRNAs and intestinal mucosal injury has not been determined. Here, we investigated the functions and mechanisms of action of lncRNA Bmp1 on damaged intestinal mucosa. We found that Bmp1 was increased in damaged intestinal mucosal tissue and Bmp1 overexpression was able to alleviate intestinal mucosal injury. Bmp1 overexpression was found to influence cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration in IEC-6 or HIEC-6 cells. Moreover, miR-128-3p was downregulated after Bmp1 overexpression, and upregulation of miR-128-3p reversed the effects of Bmp1 overexpression in IEC-6 cells. Phf6 was observed to be a target of miR-128-3p. Furthermore, PHF6 overexpression affected IEC-6 cells by activating PI3K/AKT signaling which was mediated by the miR-128-3p/PHF6 axis. In conclusion, Bmp1 was found to promote the expression of PHF6 through the sponge miR-128-3p, activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote cell migration and proliferation.
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Walsh SA, Hoyt BW, Rowe CJ, Dey D, Davis TA. Alarming Cargo: The Role of Exosomes in Trauma-Induced Inflammation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040522. [PMID: 33807302 PMCID: PMC8065643 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe polytraumatic injury initiates a robust immune response. Broad immune dysfunction in patients with such injuries has been well-documented; however, early biomarkers of immune dysfunction post-injury, which are critical for comprehensive intervention and can predict the clinical course of patients, have not been reported. Current circulating markers such as IL-6 and IL-10 are broad, non-specific, and lag behind the clinical course of patients. General blockade of the inflammatory response is detrimental to patients, as a certain degree of regulated inflammation is critical and necessary following trauma. Exosomes, small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, found in a variety of biofluids, carry within them a complex functional cargo, comprised of coding and non-coding RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. Composition of circulating exosomal cargo is modulated by changes in the intra- and extracellular microenvironment, thereby serving as a homeostasis sensor. With its extensively documented involvement in immune regulation in multiple pathologies, study of exosomal cargo in polytrauma patients can provide critical insights on trauma-specific, temporal immune dysregulation, with tremendous potential to serve as unique biomarkers and therapeutic targets for timely and precise intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Walsh
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Benjamin W. Hoyt
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Cassie J. Rowe
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Devaveena Dey
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Thomas A. Davis
- USU Walter Reed Surgery, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (S.A.W.); (B.W.H.); (C.J.R.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Teuben MPJ, Hollman A, Blokhuis T, Pfeifer R, Spijkerman R, Teuber H, Pape HC, Leenen LPH. Splenectomy is associated with altered leukocyte kinetics after severe trauma. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:26. [PMID: 33722293 PMCID: PMC7958390 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inadequate activation of the innate immune system after trauma can lead to severe complications such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. The spleen is thought to modulate the cellular immune system. Furthermore, splenectomy is associated with improved outcome in severely injured trauma patients. We hypothesized that a splenectomy alters the cellular immune response in polytrauma. METHODS All adult patients with an ISS ≥ 16 and suffering from splenic or hepatic injuries were selected from our prospective trauma database. Absolute leukocyte numbers in peripheral blood were measured. White blood cell kinetics during the first 14 days were compared between splenectomized patients, patients treated surgically for liver trauma and nonoperatively treated individuals. RESULTS A total of 129 patients with a mean ISS of 29 were included. Admission characteristics and leukocyte numbers were similar in all groups, except for slightly impaired hemodynamic status in patients with operatively treated liver injuries. On admission, leukocytosis occurred in all groups. During the first 24 h, leukopenia developed gradually, although significantly faster in the operatively treated patients. Thereafter, leukocyte levels normalized in all nonoperatively treated cases whereas leukocytosis persisted in operatively treated patients. This effect was significantly more prominent in splenectomized patients than all other conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that surgery for intra-abdominal injuries is associated with an early drop in leucocyte numbers in peripheral blood. Moreover, splenectomy in severely injured patients is associated with an altered cellular immune response reflected by a persistent state of prominent leukocytosis after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Paul Johan Teuben
- Department of Trauma, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Arne Hollman
- Department of Trauma, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Taco Blokhuis
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Pfeifer
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roy Spijkerman
- Department of Trauma, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrik Teuber
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Christoph Pape
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
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Park JH, Lee HJ, Oh SY, Park SH, Berlth F, Son YG, Kim TH, Huh YJ, Yang JY, Lee KG, Suh YS, Kong SH, Yang HK. Prediction of Postoperative Mortality in Patients with Organ Failure After Gastric Cancer Surgery. World J Surg 2021; 44:1569-1577. [PMID: 31993720 PMCID: PMC7223481 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-020-05382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Scarce data are available on the characteristics of postoperative organ failure (POF) and mortality after gastrectomy. We aimed to describe the causes of organ failure and mortality related to gastrectomy for gastric cancer and to identify patients with POF who are at a risk of failure to rescue (FTR). Methods The study examined patients with POF or in-hospital mortality in Seoul National University Hospital between 2005 and 2014. We identified patients at a high risk of FTR by analyzing laboratory findings, complication data, intensive care unit records, and risk scoring including Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) 3 at ICU admission. Results Among the 7304 patients who underwent gastrectomy, 80 (1.1%) were identified with Clavien–Dindo classification (CDC) grade ≥ IVa. The numbers of patients with CDC grade IVa, IVb, and V were 48 (0.66%), 11 (0.15%), and 21 (0.29%), respectively. Pulmonary failure (43.8%), surgical site complication (27.5%), and cardiac failure (13.8%) were the most common causes of POF and mortality. Cancer progression (100%) and cardiac events (45.5%) showed high FTR rates. In univariate analysis, acidosis, hypoalbuminemia, SOFA, APACHE IV, and SAPS 3 were identified as risk factors for FTR (P < 0.05). Finally, SAPS 3 was identified as an independent predictive factor for FTR. Conclusions Cancer progression and acute cardiac failure were the most lethal causes of FTR. SAPS 3 is an independent predictor of FTR among POF patients after gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Seung-Young Oh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Critical Care Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Hoo Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Felix Berlth
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Young-Gil Son
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tae Han Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Huh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Young Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Goo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Yun-Suhk Suh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Kong
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Mesenteric Lymph Duct Drainage Attenuates Lung Inflammatory Injury and Inhibits Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Septic Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3049302. [PMID: 33145344 PMCID: PMC7596461 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3049302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study was to investigate the effect of mesenteric lymph duct drainage on lung inflammatory response, histological alteration, and endothelial cell apoptosis in septic rats. Animals were randomly assigned into four groups: control, sham surgery, sepsis, and sepsis plus mesenteric lymph drainage. We used the colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) procedure to induce the septic model in rats, and mesenteric lymph drainage was performed with a polyethylene (PE) catheter inserted into mesenteric lymphatic. The animals were sacrificed at the end of CASP in 6 h. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory mediators were measured by qPCR, and the histologic damage were evaluated by the pathological score method. It was found that mesenteric lymph drainage significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA in the lung. Pulmonary interstitial edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells were alleviated by mesenteric lymph drainage. Moreover, increased mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 mRNA, and apoptotic rate were observed in PMVECs treated with septic lymph. These results indicate that mesenteric lymph duct drainage significantly attenuated lung inflammatory injury by decreasing the expression of pivotal inflammatory mediators and inhibiting endothelial apoptosis to preserve the pulmonary barrier function in septic rats.
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Hazardous alcohol consumption and aging synergistically increase the risk of death in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101505. [PMID: 32993926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease with high case fatality rate (CFR). Alcohol consumption which impairs host immunity and contributes to tissue damage in a variety of organs may be a predisposing factor of fatal outcome in SFTS. We aimed to determine the role of alcohol consumption on the fatal outcome of SFTS. Patients with laboratory-diagnosed SFTS who were admitted to the Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan, China, between January 2011 and November 2018 were evaluated. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded. Alcohol consumption was evaluated. The association between a fatal outcome and each demographic, clinical, and laboratory variable with alcohol consumption was assessed. A total of 694 patients with SFTS were identified during the study period. The overall CFR was 20.9 % (95 % CI: 17.9 %-23.9 %). The CFR in non/light drinkers (0-98 g/week) and moderate/heavy drinkers (>98 g/week) was 18.3 % and 35.6 %, respectively (P < 0.001). In age>60 years patients, the overall CFR in moderate/heavy drinker groups were as high as 53.4 % (95 % CI:40.2 %-66.7 %). Comparing to the age≤60y and non/light drinkers, age>60y and moderate/heavy drinkers was associated with increased risk of death with an odds ratio (95 % CI) of 9.9 (5.1-19.1). The interaction between age>60 and alcohol consumption was a significant determinant for death in both genders (F=10.18, P = 0.001). The clinical manifestation, laboratory parameters, and organ injury were significantly extensive and severe in moderate and heavy drinkers. In conclusion, hazardous alcohol consumption and aging synergistically increase the risk of death in patients with SFTS. In SFTS endemic areas, it is important for older individuals to minimize the exposure risks and abstain from alcohol.
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and Hydrocortisone Ameliorate Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Improve Survival in a Rat Model of Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis. Shock 2020; 55:666-675. [PMID: 32496421 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome which can progress to multiple organ dysfunction with high mortality. Intestinal barrier failure exerts a central role in the pathophysiological sequence of events that lead from sepsis to multiple organ dysfunction. The present study investigated the role of hydrocortisone (HC) administration and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in several parameters of the gut barrier integrity, immune activation, and survival, in a model of polymicrobial sepsis in rats. METHODS Forty adults male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham (group I), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) (group II), CLP + HC (2.8 mg/kg, intraperitoneally single dose at 6 h) (group III), and CLP + FMT at 6 h (group IV). At 24 h post-CLP, ileal tissues were harvested for histological and immunohistochemical analyses while endotoxin, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in systemic circulation were determined. In a second experiment the same groups were observed for 7 days for mortality, with daily administration of hydrocortisone (group III) and FMT (group IV) in surviving rats. RESULTS HC administration and FMT significantly reduced mortality of septic rats by 50%. These interventions totally reversed intestinal mucosal atrophy by increasing villous density and mucosal thickness (μm, mean ± SD: Group I: 620 ± 35, Group II: 411 ± 52, Group III: 622 ± 19, Group IV: 617 ± 44). HC and FMT reduced the apoptotic body count in intestinal crypts whereas these increased the mitotic/apoptotic index. Activated caspase-3 expression in intestinal crypts was significantly reduced by HC or FMT (activated caspase-3 (+) enterocytes/10 crypts, mean ± SD: Group I: 1.6 ± 0.5, Group II: 5.8 ± 2.4, Group III: 3.6 ± 0.9, Group IV: 2.3 ± 0.6). Both treatments increased Paneth cell count and decreased intraepithelial CD3(+) T lymphocytes and inflammatory infiltration of lamina propria to control levels. In the sham group almost the total of intestinal epithelial cells expressed occludin (92 ± 8%) and claudin-1 (98 ± 4%) and CLP reduced this expression to 34 ± 12% for occludin and 35 ± 7% for claudin-1. Administration of HC significantly increased occludin (51 ± 17%) and claudin-1 (77 ± 9%) expression. FMT exerted also a significant restoring effect in tight junction by increasing occludin (56 ± 15%) and claudin-1 (84 ± 7%) expression. The beneficial effects of these treatments on gut barrier function led to significant reduction of systemic endotoxemia (EU/mL, mean ± SD: Group I: 0.93 ± 0.36, Group II: 2.14 ± 1.74, Group III: 1.48 ± 0.53, Group IV: 1.61 ± 0.58), while FMT additionally decreased IL-6 and IL-10 levels. CONCLUSION Fecal microbiota transplantation and stress dose hydrocortisone administration in septic rats induce a multifactorial improvement of the gut mechanical and immunological barriers, preventing endotoxemia and leading to improved survival.
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Therapeutic effects of IkB kinase inhibitor during systemic inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106509. [PMID: 32335479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of inflammatory diseases support the idea that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation plays a pathophysiological role and is widely implicated in multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). Indeed, the inhibition of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, involved in the NF-κB pathway, can represent a promising approach to prevent MOD. The present work employed a rat model of systemic inflammation to investigate the preventive effects of Inhibitor of IKK complex (IKK16). In male Wistar rats, systemic inflammation was induced by a tail vein injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS challenge; 12 mg/kg). Treatment with IKK16 (1 mg/kg body weight) was administered, by tail vein, 15 min post-LPS. Age- and sex-matched healthy rats and LPS rats without treatment were used as controls. At 24 h post-IKK16 treatment, serum enzyme levels indicative of liver, kidney, pancreas and muscle function were evaluated by biochemical analysis, and RT-PCR technique was used to analyze gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hemodynamic parameters were also considered to assess the LPS-induced inflammation. IKK16 treatment yielded a strong therapeutic effect in preventing LPS-induced elevation of serological enzyme levels, attenuating hepatic, renal, pancreatic and muscular dysfunction after LPS challenge. Moreover, as expected, LPS promoted a significantly overexpression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the heart, kidney, and liver; which was diminished by IKK16 treatment. The present study provides convincing evidence that selective inhibition of the IκB kinase complex through the action of IKK16, plays a protective role against LPS-induced multiple organ dysfunction by reducing the acute inflammatory response induced by endotoxin exposure.
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Lee W, Park EJ, Kwon OK, Kim H, Yoo Y, Kim SW, Seo YK, Kim IS, Na DH, Bae JS. Dual peptide-dendrimer conjugate inhibits acetylation of transforming growth factor β-induced protein and improves survival in sepsis. Biomaterials 2020; 246:120000. [PMID: 32247936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a potentially fatal complication of infections and there are currently no effective therapeutic options for severe sepsis. In this study, we revealed the secretion mechanism of transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBIp) that was recently identified as a therapeutic target for sepsis, and designed TGFBIp acetylation inhibitory peptide (TAIP) that suppresses acetylation of lysine 676 in TGFBIp. To improve bioavailability and biodegradation of the peptide, TAIP was conjugated to polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. Additionally, the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) was conjugated to the TAIP-modified PAMAM dendrimers for the intracellular delivery of TGFBIp. The resulting nanostructures, decorated with TAIP and CPP via poly(ethylene glycol) linkage, improved the mortality and organ damage in the septic mouse model and suppressed lipopolysaccharide-activated severe vascular inflammatory responses in endothelial cells. Thus, the dendrimer-based nanostructures for delivery of TAIP using CPP show great promise in practical applications in sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhwa Lee
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Ji Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea; D&D Pharmatech, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13486, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oh Kwang Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelim Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbum Yoo
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyo Seo
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- College of Pharmacy, CMRI, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Liu D, Namas RA, Vodovotz Y, Peitzman AB, Simmons RL, Yuan H, Mi Q, Billiar TR. Unsupervised Clustering Analysis Based on MODS Severity Identifies Four Distinct Organ Dysfunction Patterns in Severely Injured Blunt Trauma Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:46. [PMID: 32161760 PMCID: PMC7053419 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We sought to identify a MODS score parameter that highly correlates with adverse outcomes and then use this parameter to test the hypothesis that multiple severity-based MODS clusters could be identified after blunt trauma. Methods: MOD score across days (D) 2-5 was subjected to Fuzzy C-means Clustering Analysis (FCM) followed by eight Clustering Validity Indices (CVI) to derive organ dysfunction patterns among 376 blunt trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) who survived to discharge. Thirty-one inflammation biomarkers were assayed (Luminex™) in serial blood samples (3 samples within the first 24 h and then daily up to D 5) and were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA and Dynamic Network analysis (DyNA). Results: The FCM followed by CVI suggested four distinct clusters based on MOD score magnitude between D2 and D5. Distinct patterns of organ dysfunction emerged in each of the four clusters and exhibited statistically significant differences with regards to in-hospital outcomes. Interleukin (IL)-6, MCP-1, IL-10, IL-8, IP-10, sST2, and MIG were elevated differentially over time across the four clusters. DyNA identified remarkable differences in inflammatory network interconnectivity. Conclusion: These results suggest the existence of four distinct organ failure patterns based on MOD score magnitude in blunt trauma patients admitted to the ICU who survive to discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rami A. Namas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Andrew B. Peitzman
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Richard L. Simmons
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Mi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Modeling, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Sallam HS, Urvil P, Savidge TC, Chen JDZ. Ghrelin abates bacterial translocation following burn injury by improving gastric emptying. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13742. [PMID: 31603615 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In severe burns, increased intestinal permeability facilitates bacterial translocation, resulting in systemic endotoxemia and multi- organ failure. We investigated the role of burn-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility (BIGD) in promoting bacterial translocation following burn injury, and the protective effect of ghrelin in this process. METHODS We assessed gastric emptying (GE%) and intestinal transit (IT by geometric center "GC") in a 60% total body surface area scald burn rat model and measured bacterial counts in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and distal small intestine by colony-forming unit per gram of tissue (CFU/g). A group of animals was treated with ghrelin or saline after burn. KEY RESULTS Scald burn was associated with a significant delay in GE (62% ± 4% vs 74% ± 4%; P = .02) and a trend of delay in intestinal transit (GC: 5.5 ± 0.1 vs 5.8 ± 0.2; P = .09). Concurrently, there was a marginal increase in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (6 × 105 vs 2 × 105 CFU/g; P = .05) and significant translocation to MLN (2 × 102 vs 4 × 101 ; P = .03). We observed a negative correlation between GE and intestinal bacterial overgrowth (rs = -0.61; P = .002) and between IT and translocation (rs = -0.63; P = .004). Ghrelin administration significantly accelerated GE following burn injury (91% ± 3% vs 62% ± 4; P = .03), reduced small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and completely inhibited translocation to MLN (0.0 vs 5 × 102 ; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Burn-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility is correlated with the systemic translocation of gram-negative gut bacteria that are implicated in multiple organ failure in burn patients. Therapeutic interventions to restore BIGD are warranted (Neurogastroenterol Motil, 2012, 24, 78).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa S Sallam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Petri Urvil
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Tor C Savidge
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jiande D Z Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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The Prognostic Value of Endotoxemia and Intestinal Barrier Biomarker ZO-1 in Bacteremic Sepsis. Am J Med Sci 2020; 359:100-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Increased intestinal permeability exacerbates sepsis through reduced hepatic SCD-1 activity and dysregulated iron recycling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:483. [PMID: 31980623 PMCID: PMC6981269 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with changes in the mucosal barrier, increased intestinal permeability, and increased risk of infections and sepsis, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we show how continuous translocation of gut microbial components affects iron homeostasis and facilitates susceptibility to inflammation-associated sepsis. A sub-lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide results in higher mortality in Mucin 2 deficient (Muc2-/-) mice, and is associated with elevated circulatory iron load and increased bacterial translocation. Translocation of gut microbial components attenuates hepatic stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 activity, a key enzyme in hepatic de novo lipogenesis. The resulting reduction of hepatic saturated and unsaturated fatty acid levels compromises plasma membrane fluidity of red blood cells, thereby significantly reducing their life span. Inflammation in Muc2-/- mice alters erythrophagocytosis efficiency of splenic macrophages, resulting in an iron-rich milieu that promotes bacterial growth. Our study thus shows that increased intestinal permeability triggers a cascade of events resulting in increased bacterial growth and risk of sepsis.
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Extending the Indication for Laparoscopic Surgery in Patients With Pan-Peritonitis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2019; 29:120-125. [PMID: 30531448 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been reports of favorable results in patients with peritonitis who underwent laparoscopic surgery. The present study evaluated the outcomes of laparoscopic surgery in patients with pan-peritonitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 148 patients who underwent open and laparoscopic surgery for pan-peritonitis between January 2015 and December 2017 at Hanyang University Guri Hospital. Patients with appendicitis or cholecystitis were excluded from this study because of the simplicity of the technique and the favorable postoperative prognosis. Surgical outcomes including open conversion, morbidity, mortality, risk, and prognostic factors were evaluated. RESULTS During the study period, 125 patients (84.5%) underwent laparoscopic surgery. The conversion to open surgery occurred in 7 (5.3%) patients. In the laparoscopic surgery group, 27 patients (21.6%) experienced postoperative complications, and 6 died (4.8%). Multivariate analysis showed that age of older than 75 years was a risk factor for postoperative complications. Especially, preoperative shock (<90 mm Hg) and a longer time from symptom onset (over 2 d) to surgery were prognostic factors for postoperative mortality. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of our results and experiences, we believe that laparoscopic surgery is applicable to surgery of pan-peritonitis. And, preoperative shock and longer time from onset are prognostic factors of mortality in laparoscopic group. Therefore, we are confident that careful patient selection and specialized laparoscopic team should be considered in order to have best results.
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Hydrogen-Rich Saline Regulates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, Dysbiosis, and Bacterial Translocation in a Murine Model of Sepsis. Shock 2019; 50:640-647. [PMID: 29293174 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial translocation is a major cause of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in critical illness, and its management is an important therapeutic strategy. In this study, we focused on the key factors responsible for bacterial translocation including the intestinal microbiome and investigated the impact of molecular hydrogen therapy as a countermeasure against bacterial translocation in a murine model of sepsis. The experimental protocols were divided into the sham, saline treatment (control), and hydrogen treatment (H2) groups. In the H2 group, 15 mL/kg of hydrogen-rich saline (7 ppm) was gavaged daily for 7 days following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In the control group, normal saline was gavaged in the same way. In the results, the 7-day survival rate was significantly improved in the H2 group versus the control group (69% vs. 31%, P < 0.05). The incidence of bacterial translocation at 24 h after CLP as assessed by cultivation of mesenteric lymph nodes and blood was significantly decreased in the H2 group versus the control group. Administration of hydrogen-rich saline also prevented the expansion of facultative anaerobic Enterobacteriaceae and ameliorated intestinal hyperpermeability at 24 h after CLP. Intestinal tissue levels of inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthases, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde at 6 h after CLP were down-regulated in the H2 group. These results suggest luminal administration of hydrogen-rich saline, which prevents intestinal dysbiosis, hyperpermeability, and bacterial translocation, could potentially be a new therapeutic strategy in critical illness.
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Zribi B, Uziel O, Lahav M, Mesilati Stahy R, Singer P. Telomere Length Changes during Critical Illness: A Prospective, Observational Study. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100761. [PMID: 31569793 PMCID: PMC6826589 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: evaluation of telomere length change in acutely ill adult patients. Design: Blood samples were drawn on the first and seventh day of intensive care unit (ICU) stay to assess telomere length using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique. Demographic data collected included age, weight, admission diagnosis, baseline laboratory values (pH, C- reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin level, white blood cell count (WBC) count, platelet count), and baseline SOFA and APACHE II scores. Additional data collected during the ICU stay included a repeated WBC count, the presence of positive blood cultures and outcome data, including death in the ICU or following discharge, whether ventilated or not at ICU discharge, and destination following discharge, i.e., medical ward or rehabilitation. Setting: General ICU in tertiary hospital. Patients: Forty patients admitted to the ICU within 72 h of hospital admission suffering from an acute illness were included in this prospective, observational study. Main results: Of the 40 patients studied, telomere shortening was noted in 21, telomere lengthening in 11, and no significant change in the other eight. The age of patients demonstrating telomere shortening was statistically significantly younger (45.4 vs. 61.5 years, p < 0.023) compared to those showing increased telomere length. In addition, a significant correlation was observed between the difference in telomere length and the corresponding difference in WBC count (telomere shortening was associated with a decreased WBC count and vice versa). A trend toward shortening was seen in patients with sepsis (p = 0.07). No significant correlations were found for any other demographic or outcome parameter and changes in telomere length. Conclusion: Changes in telomere length, both shortening and lengthening, were evident in the acute setting, but no associations between such changes with outcome were noted. Further studies in more homogeneous groups of patients appear to be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Zribi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rabin Medical Center, Campus Beilinson, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Orit Uziel
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Campus Beilinson, Petah Tikva and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Meir Lahav
- Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Ronit Mesilati Stahy
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Campus Beilinson, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Pierre Singer
- Department of General Intensive Care and Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Campus Beilinson and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel.
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Bayram S, Parlar A, Arslan SO. The curative effect of cannabinoid 2 receptor agonist on functional failure and disruptive inflammation caused by intestinal ischemia and reperfusion. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 34:80-90. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sait Bayram
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty University of Duzce Duzce Turkey
| | - Ali Parlar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty University of Adiyaman Adiyaman Turkey
| | - Seyfullah Oktay Arslan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty University of Ankara Yildirim Beyazit Bilkent yolu 3.Km. Çankaya Ankara 06010 Turkey
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Kim MK, Shin HW, Kim YJ, Yang JW, Kim JS, Han BG, Choi SO, Lee JY. Delta Neutrophil Index is Useful to Predict Poor Outcomes in Male Patients with Alcoholic Ketoacidosis. Electrolyte Blood Press 2019; 17:7-15. [PMID: 31338109 PMCID: PMC6629600 DOI: 10.5049/ebp.2019.17.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) is known as a benign disease, but the related mortality reported in Korea is high. Acidosis and alcohol change the immunity profile, and these changes can be identified early using the delta neutrophil index (DNI). We aimed to evaluate the use of DNI and other standard laboratory parameters as predictors of prognosis in AKA patients. Methods One hundred eighteen males with AKA were evaluated at the Wonju Severance Christian hospital between 2009 and 2014. We performed a retrospective analysis of demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters data. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and multivariate Cox regression was used to identify renal survival and mortality. Results Survival patients had lower initial DNI levels than non-survival patients (4.8±6.4 vs 11.4±12.5, p<0.001). In multivariate-adjusted Cox regression analysis, higher initial increased DNI (HR 1.044, 95% CI 1.003-1.086, p=0.035), and lower initial pH (HR 0.044, 95% CI 0.004-0.452, p=0.008) were risk factors for dialysis during hospitalization. Further, higher initial DNI level (HR 1.037; 95% CI 1.006-1.069; p=0.018), lower initial pH (HR 0.049; 95% CI 0.008-0.312; p=0.001) and lower initial glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (HR 0.981; 95% CI 0.964-0.999; p=0.033) were predictors of mortality. A DNI value of 4.5% was selected as the cut-off value for poor prognosis and Kaplan-Meier plots showed that AKA patients with an initial level DNI ≥4.5% had lower cumulative survival rates than AKA patients with an initial DNI <4.5%. Conclusion Increased initial serum DNI levels may help to predict renal survival and prognosis in male AKA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Keun Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Han Wul Shin
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - You Jin Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Kim
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Byoung-Geun Han
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seung Ok Choi
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jun Young Lee
- Department of Nephrology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Lee J, Lee Y, Kim YS, Choi JG, Go TH, Kim H, Cha YS. Serum ammonia as an early predictor of in-hospital mortality in patients with glufosinate poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:1007-1013. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327119855124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The mortality rate associated with human glufosinate poisoning is high. We evaluated the usefulness of serum ammonia and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scores for early prediction of in-hospital mortality in glufosinate ammonium poisoning. Methods: A prospectively collected pesticide poisoning registry at a single academic medical center was retrospectively analyzed. Data were collected from consecutive patients diagnosed with glufosinate ammonium poisoning between May 2007 and February 2018. The initial serum ammonia level was defined as the highest serum ammonia level measured within 12 h after emergency department (ED) arrival. The SOFA and APACHE II scores were calculated using data obtained within the first 12 h after ED arrival. The patients were divided into survivor and nonsurvivor groups by in-hospital death status. Results: In total, 110 patients were included. Ten patients (9.1%) died in the hospital despite treatment. Median initial serum ammonia level was significantly higher in the nonsurvivor group than in the survivor group (219 (range: 158–792) versus 100.5 (range: 25–317) µg/dL, p < 0.001). Median SOFA and APACHE II scores in the survivor and nonsurvivor groups were 2 (range: 0–10) versus 5 (range: 1–8) ( p = 0.044) and 7 (range: 0–28) versus 16 (range: 8–22) ( p = 0.001), respectively. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the initial serum ammonia level was the only independent predictor (cutoff value: 151 µg/dL). Conclusion: An initial serum ammonia level >151 µg/dL was an independent early predictor of in-hospital mortality in glufosinate ammonium poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - YS Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - JG Choi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - TH Go
- Center of Biomedical Data Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - YS Cha
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Soo A, Zuege DJ, Fick GH, Niven DJ, Berthiaume LR, Stelfox HT, Doig CJ. Describing organ dysfunction in the intensive care unit: a cohort study of 20,000 patients. Crit Care 2019; 23:186. [PMID: 31122276 PMCID: PMC6533687 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple organ dysfunction is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICUs). Original development of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was not to predict outcome, but to describe temporal changes in organ dysfunction in critically ill patients. Organ dysfunction scoring may be a reasonable surrogate outcome in clinical trials but further exploration of the impact of case mix on the temporal sequence of organ dysfunction is required. Our aim was to compare temporal changes in SOFA scores between hospital survivors and non-survivors. METHODS We performed a population-based observational retrospective cohort study of critically ill patients admitted from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2013, to 4 multisystem adult intensive care units (ICUs) in Calgary, Canada. The primary outcome was temporal changes in daily SOFA scores during the first 14 days of ICU admission. SOFA scores were modeled between hospital survivors and non-survivors using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and were also stratified by admission SOFA (≤ 11 versus > 11). RESULTS The cohort consisted of 20,007 patients with at least one SOFA score and was mostly male (58.2%) with a median age of 59 (interquartile range [IQR] 44-72). Median ICU length of stay was 3.5 (IQR 1.7-7.5) days. ICU and hospital mortality were 18.5% and 25.5%, respectively. Temporal change in SOFA scores varied by survival and admission SOFA score in a complicated relationship. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve using admission SOFA as a predictor of hospital mortality was 0.77. The hospital mortality rate was 5.6% for patients with an admission SOFA of 0-2 and 94.4% with an admission SOFA of 20-24. There was an approximately linear increase in hospital mortality for SOFA scores of 3-19 (range 8.7-84.7%). CONCLUSIONS Examining the clinical course of organ dysfunction in a large non-selective cohort of patients provides insight into the utility of SOFA. We have demonstrated that hospital outcome is associated with both admission SOFA and the temporal rate of change in SOFA after admission. It is necessary to further explore the impact of additional clinical factors on the clinical course of SOFA with large datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Soo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, McCaig Tower, Ground Floor, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 5A1 Canada
| | - Danny J. Zuege
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, McCaig Tower, Ground Floor, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 5A1 Canada
| | - Gordon H. Fick
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Daniel J. Niven
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, McCaig Tower, Ground Floor, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 5A1 Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Luc R. Berthiaume
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, McCaig Tower, Ground Floor, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 5A1 Canada
| | - Henry T. Stelfox
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, McCaig Tower, Ground Floor, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 5A1 Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Christopher J. Doig
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, McCaig Tower, Ground Floor, 3134 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 5A1 Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6 Canada
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Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 attenuates intestinal inflammation and apoptosis in a rodent model of hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019; 86:874-880. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular hyperpermeability resulting from endothelial barrier dysfunction (EBD) is associated with worse clinical outcomes in trauma-induced hemorrhagic shock. We have previously shown that treatment with Tubastatin A (TubA), a histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor, improves outcomes in animal models of shock. In this study, we investigate whether TubA treatment may prevent trauma-related EBD. METHODS Wistar-Kyoto rats subjected to 40% hemorrhage were treated with TubA or vehicle control. Acute lung injury (ALI) was assessed histologically from tissues harvested 6 hours posthemorrhage. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in EGM BulletKit medium. Medium was exchanged for glucose-free Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (0.5% fetal bovine serum) with or without TubA, and cells were placed in an anoxic chamber (5% CO2, 95% N2, 20-48 hours). Expression of acetylated tubulin and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α was measured by Western blot. Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 concentration within the medium, a marker of endothelial integrity, was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Monolayers were assessed for permeability via transwell assays using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin. RESULTS Rats treated with TubA had significantly reduced ALI relative to vehicle control. In vitro, TubA significantly attenuated anoxia-induced hyperpermeability, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α expression, and glycocalyx shedding. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that TubA prevents hemorrhage-induced ALI in rats. Additionally, we have shown that TubA prevents anoxia-induced EBD in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that TubA could attenuate microvascular hyperpermeability related to hemorrhagic shock.
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Li Q, Cui S, Jing G, Ding H, Xia Z, He X. The role of PI3K/Akt signal pathway in the protective effects of propofol on intestinal and lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion1. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e20190010000005. [PMID: 30785506 PMCID: PMC6585923 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190010000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of PI3k/Akt signal pathway in the protective effects
of propofol on intestinal and lung injury induced by intestinal
ischemia/reperfusion(I/R). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 45 min of ischemia by occluding
the superior mesenteric artery and to 2h of reperfusion to establish the
model of I/R. Twenty four rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham,
intestinal I/R (II/R), propofol (P), wortmannin (W). In groups P, W,
propofol was injected intravenously and continuously at the onset of
reperfusion via infusion pump. PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) was administered
intravenously in group W 25 min before ischemia. Intestinal tissues and lung
tissues were obtained for determination of histologic injury, wet/dry weight
ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and
myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities. Meanwhile, the expressions of caspase-3
and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in intestines and lungs were detected by
western blot. Results Propofol treatment alleviated intestinal and lung morphological changes which
were observed in II/R group , Moreover, wet/dry weight ratio, the MDA level,
MPO activity and expression of caspase-3 were significantly decreased
whereas the SOD activity and p-Akt expression were significantly increased.
Notably, the protections were significantly reversed by pretreatment of
wortmannin. Conclusion: PI3K/Akt pathway activation play a critical role in the protective effects of
propofol on intestinal and lung injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Li
- MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. Manuscript preparation and writng
| | - Shanshan Cui
- MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. Conception and design of the study, acquisiton of data
| | - Guoqing Jing
- MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. Analysis and interpretation of data, technical procedures
| | - Huang Ding
- MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. Histopathological examinations, statistics analysis
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. Final approval
| | - Xianghu He
- MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. Critical revision
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Not all organ dysfunctions are created equal – Prevalence and mortality in sepsis. J Crit Care 2018; 48:257-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lee Y, Kim SJ, Kim YS, Kim H, Lee DK, Lee J, Go TH, Cha YS. The usefulness of the SOFA and APACHE II scoring systems for the early prediction of mortality in patients with dapsone poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:280-287. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327118806647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rate of mortality from dapsone poisoning is high because of the long absorption half-life of dapsone. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scoring systems for the early prediction of mortality in patients with dapsone poisoning. This is a retrospective and observational study of consecutive patients diagnosed with dapsone poisoning. The SOFA and APACHE II scores were obtained within the first 24 h of admission. Patients were divided into survivor and non-survivor groups. In total, 106 patients were included. The SOFA scores of the survivor and non-survivor groups were 1 (0–8) and 4 (1–10), respectively ( p < 0.001). The APACHE II scores of the survivor and non-survivor groups were 9 (1–25) and 14 (3–23), respectively ( p < 0.001). Based on these scores and in-hospital mortality cases, the standardized mortality ratios for the APACHE II and SOFA were 1.00 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–1.48) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.64–1.49), respectively. In the model adjusted for clinically important variables and variables with significant differences between the survivor and non-survivor groups, the area under the curve of the SOFA (0.907; 95% CI: 0.834–0.955) was significantly higher than that of the APACHE II (0.793; 95% CI: 0.703–0.867) ( p = 0.008). The SOFA and APACHE II score systems had good discrimination and satisfactory calibration performance in patients with dapsone poisoning. However, the SOFA score was a more useful method in predicting mortality than the APACHE II score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - SJ Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - YS Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - DK Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - TH Go
- Center of Biomedical Data Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - YS Cha
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Sahan-Firat S, Temiz-Resitoglu M, Guden DS, Kucukkavruk SP, Tunctan B, Sari AN, Kocak Z, Malik KU. Protection by mTOR Inhibition on Zymosan-Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress: Contribution of mTOR/MEK1/ERK1/2/IKKβ/IκB-α/NF-κB Signalling Pathway. Inflammation 2018; 41:276-298. [PMID: 29110153 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine kinase regulate variety of cellular functions including cell growth, differentiation, cell survival, metabolism, and stress response, is now appreciated to be a central regulator of immune responses. Because mTOR inhibitors enhanced the anti-inflammatory activities of regulatory T cells and decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages, mTOR has been a pharmacological target for inflammatory diseases. In this study, we examined the role of mTOR in the production of proinflammatory and vasodilator mediators in zymosan-induced non-septic shock model in rats. To elucidate the mechanism by which mTOR contributes to non-septic shock, we have examined the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system caused by mTOR/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2)/inhibitor κB kinase (IKKβ)/inhibitor of κB (IκB-α)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway activation. After 1 h of zymosan (500 mg/kg, i.p.) administration to rats, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was decreased and heart rate (HR) was increased. These changes were associated with increased expression and/or activities of ribosomal protein S6, MEK1, ERK1/2, IKKβ, IκB-α and NF-κB p65, and NADPH oxidase system activity in cardiovascular and renal tissues. Rapamycin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), a selective mTOR inhibitor, reversed these zymosan-induced changes in these tissues. These observations suggest that activation of mTOR/MEK1/ERK1/2/IKKβ/IκB-α/NF-κB signalling pathway with proinflammatory and vasodilator mediator formation and NADPH oxidase system activity contributes to systemic inflammation in zymosan-induced non-septic shock. Thus, mTOR may be an optimal target for the treatment of the diseases characterized by the severe systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyhan Sahan-Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Yenisehir Campus, 33169, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Meryem Temiz-Resitoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Yenisehir Campus, 33169, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Demet Sinem Guden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Yenisehir Campus, 33169, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sefika Pinar Kucukkavruk
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Yenisehir Campus, 33169, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Yenisehir Campus, 33169, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nihal Sari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Yenisehir Campus, 33169, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Zumrut Kocak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Yenisehir Campus, 33169, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kafait U Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Center for Health Sciences, Memphis, TN, USA
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45
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Scalerandi MV, Peinetti N, Leimgruber C, Cuello Rubio MM, Nicola JP, Menezes GB, Maldonado CA, Quintar AA. Inefficient N2-Like Neutrophils Are Promoted by Androgens During Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1980. [PMID: 30233581 PMCID: PMC6129603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are major effectors of acute inflammation against infection and tissue damage, with ability to adapt their phenotype according to the microenvironment. Although sex hormones regulate adaptive immune cells, which explains sex differences in immunity and infection, little information is available about the effects of androgens on neutrophils. We therefore aimed to examine neutrophil recruitment and plasticity in androgen–dependent and –independent sites under androgen manipulation. By using a bacterial model of prostate inflammation, we showed that neutrophil recruitment was higher in testosterone-treated rats, with neutrophil accumulation being positively correlated to serum levels of testosterone and associated to stronger inflammatory signs and tissue damage. Testosterone also promoted LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment to the prostate, peritoneum, and liver sinusoids, as revealed by histopathology, flow cytometry, and intravital microscopy. Strikingly, neutrophils in presence of testosterone exhibited an impaired bactericidal ability and a reduced myeloperoxidase activity. This inefficient cellular profile was accompanied by high expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL10 and TGFβ1, which is compatible with the “N2-like” neutrophil phenotype previously reported in the tumor microenvironment. These data reveal an intriguing role for testosterone promoting inefficient, anti-inflammatory neutrophils that prolong bacterial inflammation, generating a pathogenic environment for several conditions. However, these immunomodulatory properties might be beneficially exploited in autoimmune and other non-bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V Scalerandi
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nahuel Peinetti
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Leimgruber
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariana M Cuello Rubio
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan P Nicola
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo B Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristina A Maldonado
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Amado A Quintar
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
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46
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Park KS, Lee J, Lee C, Park HT, Kim JW, Kim OY, Kim SR, Rådinger M, Jung HY, Park J, Lötvall J, Gho YS. Sepsis-Like Systemic Inflammation Induced by Nano-Sized Extracellular Vesicles From Feces. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1735. [PMID: 30131776 PMCID: PMC6090151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and other types of vesicles, are released by most mammalian cells and bacteria. We here ask whether feces contain EVs of mammalian and/or bacterial origin, and whether these EVs induce systemic inflammation. Fecal extracellular vesicles (fEVs) were isolated from mice and humans. The presence of EVs from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using anti-lipid A and anti-lipoteichoic acid antibodies, whereas Western blot using anti-beta-actin antibody was employed to detect host-derived EVs in the fEVs. Further, fEVs were administered into mice by intraperitoneal injection, and inflammatory responses were investigated in the peritoneum, blood, and lungs. The role of TLR2 and TLR4 were studied using knockout mice. Significant quantities of EVs were present in feces from mice as well as humans, and derived from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as the host. Bacteria-free fEVs introduced into the peritoneum induced local and systemic inflammation (including in the lungs), but fEVs from germ-free animals had weaker effects. This pronounced local and systemic inflammatory responses seemed to be induced by EVs from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and was attenuated in mice lacking TLR2 or TLR4. Our findings show that fEVs cause sepsis-like systemic inflammation, when introduced intraperitoneally, a process regulated by TLR2 and TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Su Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea.,Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaewook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Changjin Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Hyun Taek Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Oh Youn Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Sae Rom Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co. Ltd., Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
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47
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Hu J, Li S, Zhang X, Zhao H, Yang M, Xu L, Li L. Correlations between clinical features and death in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10848. [PMID: 29851797 PMCID: PMC6392624 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging high-fatality infectious disease caused by a novel phlebovirus belonging to the Bunyaviridae family. Thus, the independent predictors of death in this disease must be identified to improve the survival of affected patients.A total of 25 hospitalized patients with SFTS virus infection were enrolled in our study, and their medical records and laboratory data were reviewed. The risk factors for death were examined by binary logistic regression.The patient age was significantly higher in the deceased cases than in those who recovered (P = .020). Moreover, the occurrence of shock, respiratory failure, hemorrhagic manifestations, kidney dysfunction, and arrhythmia was significantly more common in the deceased cases than in the recovered cases (P = .016, P = .004, P = .005, P = .002, P = .038). Univariate binary logistic regression showed that shock, arrhythmia, and hemorrhage, as well as PCT, serum creatinine (Scr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) elevations, were the risk factors for death (odds ratio, OR 28.5, P = .015; OR 13.5, P = .027; OR 36, P = .008; OR 28.5, P = .015; OR 36, P = .008; and OR 76.0, P = .004). However, the BUN increase was the only independent risk factor for death indicated by multivariate logistic regression (OR 76.0, P = .004).SFTS presents with a high fatality rate. When patients with SFTS manifest shock, arrhythmia, hemorrhage, PCT increase, and Scr and BUN elevations, especially BUN > 8.2 μmol/L, health care providers should be alerted and must administer early intervention to prevent the progress to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Siying Li
- Department of Infections, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Meifang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Lichen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou
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48
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Gu C, Qiao W, Wang L, Li M, Song K. Identification of genes and pathways associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome by microarray analysis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:31-40. [PMID: 29749505 PMCID: PMC6059685 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is characterized by the development of progressive physiological dysfunction of ≥2 organs or organ systems and is responsible for the majority of the morbidity and mortality among patients in intensive care units. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential genes and pathways associated with MODS. The microarray dataset GSE60088 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between organ tissues (lung, liver and kidney) obtained from a murine model of MODS and healthy controls. The interactions between DEGs in lungs, liver and kidneys were revealed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, protein‑protein interaction (PPI) data for DEGs were obtained from the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and a PPI network was constructed. Additionally, DEGs that were common among the three organs were screened and transcription factors that regulated them were predicted using the iRegulon plugin. A total of 943, 267 and 227 DEGs were identified in lung, liver and kidney samples, respectively, between mice with MODS and healthy controls. In lung and liver samples, two pathways that were enriched with DEGs were identified and were common between lung and liver samples, including 'cytokine‑cytokine receptor interaction' and 'Jnk‑STAT signaling pathway', and examples of DEGs associated with these pathways include C‑X‑C motif chemokine ligand (Cxcl)1 and Cxcl10, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)1, respectively. Furthermore, two common pathways were identified in liver and kidney samples, which included 'MAPK signaling pathway' and 'p53 signaling pathway', and DEGs associated with these pathways included growth arrest and DNA damage‑inducible α. A total of 18 DEGs were common among lung, liver and kidney tissues, including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (Cebpb) and olfactomedin‑like 1 (Olfml1). Cebpb modulated various other DEGs, such as Cxcl1, and Olfml1 was regulated by Stat5A. These genes and pathways may serve roles in the progression of MODS and may be considered to be potential therapy targets for MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Gu
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Wanhai Qiao
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Li
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Kang Song
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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49
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Robinson MB, Wisniowiecki AM, Butcher RJ, Wilson MA, Nance Ericson M, Cote GL. In vivo performance of a visible wavelength optical sensor for monitoring intestinal perfusion and oxygenation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-12. [PMID: 29777581 PMCID: PMC5981030 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.5.055004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic injury resulting in hemorrhage is a prevalent cause of death worldwide. The current standard of care for trauma patients is to restore hemostasis by controlling bleeding and administering intravenous volume resuscitation. Adequate resuscitation to restore tissue blood flow and oxygenation is critical within the first hours following admission to assess severity and avoid complications. However, current clinical methods for guiding resuscitation are not sensitive or specific enough to adequately understand the patient condition. To better address the shortcomings of the current methods, an approach to monitor intestinal perfusion and oxygenation using a multiwavelength (470, 560, and 630 nm) optical sensor has been developed based on photoplethysmography and reflectance spectroscopy. Specifically, two sensors were developed using three wavelengths to measure relative changes in the small intestine. Using vessel occlusion, systemic changes in oxygenation input, and induction of hemorrhagic shock, the capabilities and sensitivity of the sensor were explored in vivo. Pulsatile and nonpulsatile components of the red, blue, and green wavelength signals were analyzed for all three protocols (occlusion, systemic oxygenation changes, and shock) and were shown to differentiate perfusion and oxygenation changes in the jejunum. The blue and green signals produced better correlation to perfusion changes during occlusion and shock, while the red and blue signals, using a new correlation algorithm, produced better data for assessing changes in oxygenation induced both systemically and locally during shock. The conventional modulation ratio method was found to be an ineffective measure of oxygenation in the intestine due to noise and an algorithm was developed based on the Pearson correlation coefficient. The method utilized the difference in phase between two different wavelength signals to assess oxygen content. A combination of measures from the three wavelengths provided verification of oxygenation and perfusion states, and showed promise for the development of a clinical monitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B. Robinson
- Texas A&M University, Optical Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Anna M. Wisniowiecki
- Texas A&M University, Optical Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Ryan J. Butcher
- Texas A&M University, Optical Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Mark A. Wilson
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Gerard L. Cote
- Texas A&M University, Optical Biosensing Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, United States
- TEES Center for Remote Healthcare Technologies and Systems, College Station, Texas, United States
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50
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Shen Y, Wen L, Zhang R, Wei Z, Shi N, Xiong Q, Xia Q, Xing Z, Zeng Z, Niu H, Huang W. Dihydrodiosgenin protects against experimental acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury through mitochondrial protection and PI3Kγ/Akt inhibition. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1621-1636. [PMID: 29457828 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a painful and distressing disorder of the exocrine pancreas with no specific treatment. Diosgenyl saponins extracted from from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright have been reported to protect against experimental models of AP. Diosgenin, or its derivatives are anti-inflammatory in various conditions. However, the effects of diosgenin and its spiroacetal ring opened analogue, dihydrodiosgenin (Dydio), on AP have not been determined. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of diosgenin and Dydio on sodium taurocholate hydrate (Tauro)-induced necrosis were tested, using freshly isolated murine pancreatic acinar cells. Effects of Dydio on mitochondrial dysfunction in response to Tauro, cholecystokinin-8 and palmitoleic acid ethyl ester were also assessed. Dydio (5 or 10 mg·kg-1 ) was administered after the induction in vivo of Tauro-induced AP (Wistar rats), caerulein-induced AP and palmitoleic acid plus ethanol-induced AP (Balb/c mice). Pancreatitis was assessed biochemically and histologically. Activation of pancreatic PI3Kγ/Akt was measured by immunoblotting. KEY RESULTS Dydio inhibited Tauro-induced activation of the necrotic cell death pathway and prevented pancreatitis stimuli-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Therapeutic administration of Dydio ameliorated biochemical and histopathological responses in all three models of AP through pancreatic mitochondrial protection and PI3Kγ/Akt inactivation. Moreover, Dydio improved pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury through preventing excessive inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These data provide in vitro and in vivo mechanistic evidence that the diosgenin analogue, Dydio could be potential treatment for AP. Further medicinal optimization of diosgenin and its analogue might be a useful strategy for identifying lead candidates for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology/Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology/Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zeliang Wei
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology/Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuyang Xiong
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology/Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihua Xing
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology/Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology/Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Niu
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology/Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,College of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology/Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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