1
|
Huang H, Zhang KP, Sun KK, Yu G. Association between type 2 inflammatory diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders in low-birth-weight children and adolescents. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1292071. [PMID: 38455122 PMCID: PMC10918750 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1292071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence of the association of certain neurodevelopmental disorder with specific type 2 inflammatory (T2) disease has been found. However, the association of various neurodevelopmental disorders with T2 diseases as a whole remains unclear in low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. Objective To evaluate the association of type 2 inflammatory (T2) diseases with intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning disability (LD) in LBW children and adolescents. Methods The study sample was derived from 2005 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey sample child files. LBW children and adolescents aged 3-17 were included. History of T2 diseases (including asthma and atopic dermatitis) and four neurodevelopmental disorders were reported by adults in families. The relationship between T2 diseases and the risk of four neurodevelopmental disorders was investigated through multiple-weighted logistic regression. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, region, highest education in family and ratio of family income to the poverty threshold were adjusted as covariates for model estimation. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age stratification (3-11 and 12-17 years), sex (male and female), and race (white and non-white). Results 11,260 LBW children aged 3-17 years [mean age (SE), 9.73 (0.05) years] were included, in which 3,191 children had T2 diseases. History of T2 diseases was associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, with an OR of 1.35 (95% CI, 0.99-1.84) for ID, 1.47 (95% CI, 1.05-2.05) for ASD, 1.81 (95% CI, 1.51-2.16) for ADHD, and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.49-2.04) for LD following the adjustment of all the covariates. The correlations between T2 disorders and each of the four neurodevelopmental disorders were significantly different by sex and race (all P for interaction < 0.001), and no differences were found in age stratification (all P for interaction > 0.05). Conclusion In a nationally representative sample of children, we found a significant association of T2 diseases with ASD, ADHD, and LD, even after adjusting for demographic baseline. We also found that the association of T2 disease with neurodevelopmental disorders differed between sex and race. Further investigation is needed to evaluate causal relationships and elucidate their potential mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengye Huang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kelvin Pengyuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Karol Kexin Sun
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guangjun Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Big Data in Pediatric Precision Medicine, Center for Biomedical Informatics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Decreased ubiquitin modifying enzyme A20 associated with hyper-responsiveness to ovalbumin challenge following intrauterine growth restriction. Respir Res 2023; 24:50. [PMID: 36788604 PMCID: PMC9926749 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is strongly correlated with an increased risk of asthma later in life. Farm dust protects mice from developing house dust mite-induced asthma, and loss of ubiquitin modifying enzyme A20 in lung epithelium would abolish this protective effect. However, the mechanisms of A20 in the development of asthma following IUGR remains unknown. METHODS An IUGR rat model induced by maternal nutrient restriction was used for investigating the role of A20 in the response characteristics of IUGR rats to ovalbumin (OVA) challenge. The ubiquitination of proteins and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications were used to further assess the potential mechanism of A20. RESULTS IUGR can reduce the expression of A20 protein in lung tissue of newborn rats and continue until 10 weeks after birth. OVA challenging can increase the expression of A20 protein in lung tissue of IUGR rats, but its level was still significantly lower than the control OVA group. The differentially ubiquitinated proteins in lung tissues were also observed in IUGR and normal newborn rats. Furthermore, this ubiquitination phenomenon continued from the newborn to adulthood. In the detected RNA methylations, m6A abundance of the motif GGACA was the highest. The higher abundances of m6A modification of A20 mRNA from IUGR were negatively correlated with the trend of A20 protein levels. CONCLUSION These findings indicate A20 as a key regulator during the development of asthma following IUGR, providing further insight into the prevention of asthma induced by environmental factors.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong S, Abu-Awad Y, Kosheleva A, Fong KC, Koutrakis P, Schwartz JD. Maternal exposure to black carbon and nitrogen dioxide during pregnancy and birth weight: Using machine-learning methods to achieve balance in inverse-probability weights. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 211:112978. [PMID: 35227679 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight is associated with increased risks of health problems in infancy and later life. Among the epidemiological analyses suggesting an association between air pollution and birth weight, few have estimated the effects of black carbon (BC) or together with nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and even fewer studies have used causal modelling. METHODS We examined 1,119,011 birth records between 2001/01/01 and 2015/12/31 from the Massachusetts Birth Registry to investigate causal associations between prenatal exposure to BC and NO2 and birth weight. We calculated mean residential BC and NO2 exposures 0-30, and 31-280 days prior to birth from validated spatial-temporal models. We fit generalized propensity score models with gradient boosting tuned by a new algorithm to achieve covariate balance, then fit marginal structural models with stabilized inverse-probability weights. RESULTS Throughout pregnancy, the average birth weight would drop by 17.0 g (95% CI: 15.4, 18.6) for an IQR increase of 0.14 μg/m3 in BC and would independently drop by 19.9 g (95% CI: 18.6, 21.3) for an IQR increase of 9.8 ppb in NO2. Most of the negative effects of BC on birth weight are from 0 to 30 days before the delivery date. The estimated odds ratio of low birth weight for every IQR increase during the entire pregnancy was 1.131 (95% CI: 1.106, 1.156) for BC and 1.082 (95% CI: 1.062, 1.103) for NO2. CONCLUSIONS We found that prenatal exposures to both BC and NO2 were associated with lower birth weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Dong
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Yara Abu-Awad
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anna Kosheleva
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Kelvin C Fong
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chiale F, Maggiora E, Aceti A, Liotto N, Coscia A, Peila C, Baldassarre ME, Bertino E, Cresi F. Complementary Feeding: Recommendations for the Introduction of Allergenic Foods and Gluten in the Preterm Infant. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072477. [PMID: 34371985 PMCID: PMC8308791 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the available literature on the introduction of allergenic foods and gluten among preterm infants. Methods: A systematic review of published studies concerning the introduction of gluten and allergenic foods in preterm infants was performed on PubMed and on the Cochrane Library. Results: Of the 174 PubMed results, 15 papers were considered suitable for the review. A total of 83 records were identified through the Cochrane Library search; eight papers were included in the review. Additional papers were identified from the reference lists of included studies. A secondary search was conducted on the same databases to find recommendations and advice regarding healthy full-term infants that could be translated to preterm infants. Therefore, 59 additional papers were included in the review. Conclusions: Current guidelines for the introduction of solid food cannot be directly transposed to preterm infants. Further research is needed to provide evidence-based guidelines regarding weaning in preterm infants. To date, we can suggest that in preterm infants allergenic foods and gluten may be introduced when complementary feeding is started, any time after 4 months of corrected age, avoiding delayed introduction and irrespective of infants’ relative risk of developing allergy. Avoiding large amounts of gluten during the first few weeks after gluten introduction and during infancy is advised, despite limited evidence to support this recommendation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Chiale
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (E.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Elena Maggiora
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (E.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-3134437
| | - Arianna Aceti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Bologna, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Nadia Liotto
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Coscia
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (E.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Peila
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (E.B.); (F.C.)
| | | | - Enrico Bertino
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (E.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cresi
- Neonatal Pathology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sant’Anna Hospital, City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.C.); (A.C.); (C.P.); (E.B.); (F.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schoch JJ, Miranda N, Garvan CW, Monir RL, Neu J, Lemas DJ. Duration of neonatal intensive care unit exposure associated with decreased risk of atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Dermatol 2021; 38:83-87. [PMID: 33063877 PMCID: PMC8892389 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Premature infants have lower rates of atopic dermatitis (AD) compared with full-term infants, though little is known about the factors contributing to this association. We explored the infant and environmental factors that may contribute to the association between prematurity and atopic dermatitis, including mode of delivery, birthweight, gestation, and duration of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS This was a single-center retrospective study. Independent samples t tests or chi-square tests were used to compare groups on continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Logistic regression then examined the association of the predictor variables with AD. RESULTS Four thousand sixteen mother-infant dyads were included. Infants had a higher risk of developing AD if they were delivered vaginally (P = .013), did not stay in the NICU (P < .001), had a longer gestation (P = .001), or had a higher birthweight (P = .002). In modeling atopic dermatitis with the predictor variables, only NICU length of stay remained significantly associated with a lower risk of AD (P = .004). CONCLUSION Infants had a lower risk of developing AD if they had a longer stay in the NICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Schoch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Miranda
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cynthia W Garvan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Reesa L Monir
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Josef Neu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dominick J Lemas
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maternal altitude and risk of low birthweight: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Placenta 2020; 101:124-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
7
|
Polányi L, Niessen CM, Vohlen C, Stinn J, Kretschmer T, Jentgen V, Hirani D, Koningsbruggen-Rietschel SV, Dötsch J, Alejandre Alcazar MA. Intrauterine growth restriction induces skin inflammation, increases TSLP and impairs epidermal barrier function. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:279-289. [PMID: 31912169 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weight are risk factors for childhood asthma. Atopic march describes the progression from early dermatitis to asthma during life. Since inflammatory signaling is linked to increased airway resistance and lung remodeling in rats after IUGR, we queried if these findings are related to skin inflammatory response. Firstly, we induced IUGR in Wistar rats by isocaloric protein restriction during gestation. IUGR rats showed lower body weight at postnatal day 1 (P1), catch-up growth at P21, and similar body weight like controls at P90. At P1 and P90, mRNA of inflammatory as well as fibrotic markers and number of skin immune cells (macrophages) were increased after IUGR. Skin thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) mRNA at P1 and serum TSLP at P1 and P21 were elevated in IUGR. Moreover, IUGR impaired transepidermal water loss at P21 and P90. IUGR induced higher. Secondly, the increase of TEWL after Oxazolone treatment as a model of atopic dermatitis (AD) was greater in IUGR than in Co. Our data demonstrate an early inflammatory skin response, which is linked to persistent macrophage infiltration in the skin and impaired epidermal barrier function after IUGR. These findings coupled with elevated TSLP could underlie atopic diseases in rats after IUGR. KEY MESSAGES: • The present study shows that IUGR increases macrophage infiltration and induces an inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression pattern in the skin of newborn rats. • Early postnatal inflammatory response in the skin after IUGR is followed by impaired epidermal barrier function later in life. • IUGR aggravates transepidermal water loss in an experimental atopic dermatitis model, possibly through elevated TSLP in skin and serum. • Early anti-inflammatory treatment and targeting TSLP signaling could offer novel avenues for early prevention of atopic disorders and late asthma in high-risk infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Polányi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50937, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Vohlen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50937, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Stinn
- Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Kretschmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vanessa Jentgen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dharmesh Hirani
- Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Dötsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miguel A Alejandre Alcazar
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Experimental Pediatrics, Experimental Pulmonology, University of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, D-50937, Cologne, Germany. .,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zanno AE, Romer MA, Fox L, Golden T, Jaeckle-Santos L, Simmons RA, Grinspan JB. Reducing Th2 inflammation through neutralizing IL-4 antibody rescues myelination in IUGR rat brain. J Neurodev Disord 2019; 11:34. [PMID: 31839002 PMCID: PMC6913005 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-019-9297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common complication of pregnancy and is associated with significant neurological deficits in infants, including white matter damage. Previous work using an animal model of IUGR has demonstrated that IUGR rats exhibit neurobehavioral deficits and developmental delays in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination, but the mechanisms which cause this delay are unknown. Inflammation may be an important etiological factor in IUGR and has been recognized as playing a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of myelin disorders, including cerebral palsy. METHODS To create the model, the uterine arteries of pregnant rats were ligated at embryonic day 15. Rats delivered spontaneously. Cytokine and chemokine expression was evaluated at one prenatal and three postnatal time points, and myelin protein expression and oligodendrocyte cell numbers were evaluated by several methods at postnatal day 14. IL-4 was identified as a potential inhibitor of myelination, and rat pups were injected with IL-4 function blocking antibody from postnatal days 1-5 and myelination was assessed. RESULTS Here, we show a novel mechanism of white matter injury. IUGR induces an exaggerated Th2 response in the developing rat brain, including upregulation of several Th2 cytokines. Of these, IL-4 is significantly increased during the period corresponding to robust developmental myelination. We show that neutralizing IL-4 antibody therapy given in the newborn period ameliorates inflammation and restores myelin protein expression and oligodendrocyte cell number in the IUGR brain to control levels, demonstrating a novel role for Th2 responses and IL-4 in IUGR and white matter injury. In addition, IL-4 directly affects oligodendrocytes in vitro decreasing differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we have identified inflammation as a factor in the decrease in myelin seen in an animal model of IUGR. IL-4, an inflammatory protein often thought to be protective in the adult, is specifically increased, and treatment of these animals to prevent this increase ameliorates white matter damage. Our results suggest that the immune system plays a role in IUGR that is different in the perinatal period than in the adult and preventing this exaggerated Th2 response may be a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Zanno
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Micah A. Romer
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 516D Abramson Center, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Lauren Fox
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Thea Golden
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Lane Jaeckle-Santos
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Rebecca A. Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Judith B. Grinspan
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 516D Abramson Center, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wooldridge AL, McMillan M, Kaur M, Giles LC, Marshall HS, Gatford KL. Relationship between birth weight or fetal growth rate and postnatal allergy: A systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1703-1713. [PMID: 31615640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual susceptibility to allergic diseases is developmentally programmed by early-life exposures. Evidence from preclinical studies suggests that intrauterine growth restriction is protective against later inflammatory responses to allergens. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate whether prenatal growth affects susceptibility to allergy in human subjects. METHODS We systematically searched for relevant studies in 11 databases, including Web of Science, ProQuest, EMBASE, and PubMed. We included only studies that corrected for gestational age or were restricted to full-term infants to separate effects of fetal growth from those of prematurity. RESULTS The 42 eligible studies included prospective and retrospective cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies. Only 2 studies reported allergic asthma. A birth weight increase of 1 kg was associated with a 44% greater risk of food allergy in children (odds ratio [OR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.04-1.99; P = .001), a 17% greater risk of ever allergic dermatitis in children (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.32; P = .008), and a 34% greater risk of ever or current allergic dermatitis in infants up to 2 years of age (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.68; P = .009). Risks of allergic rhinitis were not associated with birth weight. CONCLUSIONS The results of these meta-analyses suggest that intrauterine growth restriction protects against allergic diseases in human subjects consistent with preclinical evidence but that effects might differ between allergic diseases. The strongest evidence is available for infancy and early childhood, and additional studies in older children and adults are needed to determine whether the effects of prenatal growth on each allergic disease persist or differ between those with severe and mild phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Wooldridge
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark McMillan
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit (VIRTU), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Lynne C Giles
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Helen S Marshall
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit (VIRTU), Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ertl R, Waldhoer T, Yang L. Moderate altitude impacts birth weight: 30 years retrospective sibling analyses using record linkage data. Pediatr Res 2019; 86:403-407. [PMID: 31112991 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of a change of altitude of maternal living address on infant birth weight. METHOD Data on infant birth weights of the first and second pregnancies from same women were extracted from all Austrian birth certificates between 1984 and 2016. RESULTS A total of 544,624 pair pregnancies were identified and analyzed. We observed a statistically significant interaction (p < .0001) between altitudes of two births and birth weight. Among women having first birth at low altitude (200 m), the estimated second mean birth weight was 3567 g for those remained at low altitudes, and reduced to 3536 g for those ascended (1200 m). In contrast, among women having first births at high altitudes, the estimated birth weight of second birth at high altitude was 3414 g, yet increased to 3499 g compared to those descended to lower altitudes. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a longitudinal negative effect of altitude on birth weight within the same mother from first and second birth. This association is likely to be casual. Relocation of mothers within low-to-medium altitude level may have profound effects on infants' birth weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Waldhoer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AL, Canada.,Departments of Oncology & Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gunaratne AW, Makrides M, Collins CT, Gibson RA, McPhee AJ, Sullivan TR, Gould JF, Green TJ, Doyle LW, Davis PG, French NP, Colditz PB, Simmer K, Morris SA, Best KP. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation of preterm infants and parent-reported symptoms of allergic disease at 7 years corrected age: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1600-1610. [PMID: 31070712 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) supplementation in the prenatal period is associated with a reduction in the incidence of some symptoms of allergic disease. Infants born preterm are at increased risk of allergic disease, but it is unknown if DHA supplementation reduces the risk of childhood allergies. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine if supplementation of infants born at <33 wk gestation with high-DHA compared with standard-DHA enteral feeds decreases the incidence and severity of parent-reported allergic disease symptoms at a corrected age (CA) of 7 y. METHODS This study was a follow-up of an Australian multicenter randomized controlled trial. Infants were given high-DHA (∼1% total fatty acids) or standard-DHA (∼0.3% total fatty acids) enteral feeds from 2-4 d of postnatal age until 40 wk postmenstrual age. Parent-reported incidence of respiratory allergic disease symptoms including wheeze and rhinitis at 7 y CA were the main outcomes. Other outcomes included the incidence of eczema symptoms; severity of any symptoms; and the incidence of wheeze, rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema from birth to 7 y CA. RESULTS Data were available for 569 of 657 (87%) children originally randomized. Symptoms of wheeze or rhinitis at 7 y CA did not differ between high- and standard-DHA groups [wheeze: RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.65; P = 0.66; rhinitis: RR: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.46; P = 0.59]. There was no difference in other allergic disease symptoms at 7 y CA or in the severity of symptoms. Parent-reported symptoms of wheeze, rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, or eczema from birth to 7 y CA did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS High-dose DHA supplementation of infants born at <33 wk gestation did not alter allergic disease symptoms or severity at 7 y CA, or from birth to 7 y CA compared with standard-dose DHA. This trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ANZCTR 12606000327583 (http://www.anzctr.org.au).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoja W Gunaratne
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School
| | - Maria Makrides
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School
| | - Carmel T Collins
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School
| | - Robert A Gibson
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine
| | - Andrew J McPhee
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Neonatal Medicine, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas R Sullivan
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jacqueline F Gould
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School
| | - Tim J Green
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Clinical Sciences, The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter G Davis
- Clinical Sciences, The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Noel P French
- Centre of Neonatal Research and Education, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,King Edward Memorial Hospital and Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- Perinatal Research Centre, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen Simmer
- Centre of Neonatal Research and Education, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,King Edward Memorial Hospital and Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Scott A Morris
- Department of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre and College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Karen P Best
- Healthy Mothers, Babies and Children, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Asthma, Rhinoconjunctivitis, Eczema, and the Association with Perinatal Anthropometric Factors in Vietnamese Children. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2655. [PMID: 30804411 PMCID: PMC6389945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated possible causative and protective factors associated with allergic diseases in resource-limited countries, Southeast Asia. We estimated the current prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema among 6-year-old children, and identified anthropometric factors associated with asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema, in South-Central Vietnam. A birth cohort study recruited 1,999 children born at a provincial hospital in Nha Trang, Vietnam between May 2009 and May 2010. A 6-year follow-up survey was conducted where clinical, familial, and environmental information was collected by interviewing caregivers using a standardized form based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, Phase Three Core and Environmental Questionnaire for 6–7-year-old children. The odds ratios of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema for anthropometric factors were estimated using logistic regression analysis. In total, 1202 children participated in the follow-up survey. The proportions of children who had current asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema were 5.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.9–6.5%), 11.5% (9.7–13.4%), and 6.7% (5.3–8.2%), respectively. Low birthweight (adjusted odds ratio 5.12, 95% CI 1.92–13.64) was independently associated with increased risk of eczema. Further studies are necessary to understand the involved mechanism.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kajantie E, Strang-Karlsson S, Evensen KAI, Haaramo P. Adult outcomes of being born late preterm or early term - What do we know? Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 24:66-83. [PMID: 30420114 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The literature on adult outcomes of people born late preterm (LPT, 34-36 completed weeks) or early term (ET, 37-38 weeks) was reviewed. In PubMed, 9547 articles were identified; 53 were eligible. Of these, 12 were based on clinical cohorts, 32 on medical birth register linkages, and nine on historical birth cohorts; 48 out of 53 on Nordic countries; 50 out of 53 reported on LPT and eight out of 53 reported on ET. LPT plus ET have increased early (<45 years) adult all-cause mortality. Despite increased cardiometabolic risk factors and slightly lower cardiorespiratory fitness in LPT, no studies showed increased risk for coronary heart disease, some showed increased risk for stroke, and all showed increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Most show increased risk for asthma and decreased allergic rhinitis. LPT have slightly lower cognitive abilities and higher rates of several mental disorders; ET have intermediate values. LPT and ET adults have slightly lower education, occupational status, and income. We recommend that authors report findings of LPT/ET separately from those born more preterm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Promotion Unit, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sonja Strang-Karlsson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Promotion Unit, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Genetics, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Anne Indredavik Evensen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peija Haaramo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Public Health Promotion Unit, Helsinki, Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Leps C, Carson C, Quigley MA. Gestational age at birth and wheezing trajectories at 3-11 years. Arch Dis Child 2018; 103:1138-1144. [PMID: 29860226 PMCID: PMC6287557 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-314541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children born preterm have an increased risk of asthma in early childhood. We examined whether this persists at 7 and 11 years, and whether wheezing trajectories across childhood are associated with preterm birth. DESIGN Data were from the UK Millennium Cohort Study, which recruited children at 9 months, with follow-up at 3, 5, 7 and 11 years. OUTCOMES Adjusted ORs (aOR) were estimated for recent wheeze and asthma medication use for children born <32, 32-33, 34-36 and 37-38 weeks' gestation, compared with children born at full term (39-41 weeks) at 7 (n=12 198) and 11 years (n=11 690). aORs were also calculated for having 'early-remittent' (wheezing at ages 3 and/or 5 years but not after), 'late' (wheezing at ages 7 and/or 11 years but not before) or 'persistent/relapsing' (wheezing at ages 3 and/or 5 and 7 and/or 11 years) wheeze. RESULTS Birth <32 weeks, and to a lesser extent at 32-33 weeks, were associated with an increased risk of wheeze and asthma medication use at ages 7 and 11, and all three wheezing trajectories. The aOR for 'persistent/relapsing wheeze' at <32 weeks was 4.30 (95% CI 2.33 to 7.91) and was 2.06 (95% CI 1.16 to 2.69) at 32-33 weeks. Birth at 34-36 weeks was not associated with asthma medication use at 7 or 11, nor late wheeze, but was associated with the other wheezing trajectories. Birth at 37-38 weeks was not associated with wheeze nor asthma medication use. CONCLUSIONS Birth <37 weeks is a risk factor for wheezing characterised as 'early-remittent' or 'persistent/relapsing' wheeze.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Leps
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Carson
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria A Quigley
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Radhakrishnan D, Dell SD, Guttmann A, Shariff SZ, To T. 20-Year trends in severe childhood asthma outcomes: Hospitalizations and intensive care visits. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CRITICAL CARE AND SLEEP MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24745332.2018.1474401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhenuka Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon D. Dell
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Astrid Guttmann
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Teresa To
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhu T, Zhao J, Qu Y, Zhang L, Mu D. Association of very preterm birth with decreased risk of eczema: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78:1142-1148.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
17
|
Cheng H, Montgomery S, Treglown L, Furnham A. Associations between childhood biomedical factors, maternal smoking, personality traits, Body and Mass Index and the prevalence of asthma in adulthood. Psychol Health 2018; 33:1116-1129. [PMID: 29737224 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1467014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study set out to investigate socio-economic, biomedical, health and behavioural and psychological factors in childhood and adulthood associated with the prevalence of asthma in adulthood, drawing data from The National Child Development Studies (NCDS), a birth cohort in the UK. DESIGN The National Child Development Study, a nationally representative sample of 17,415 babies born in Great Britain in 1958 and followed up at 7, 11, 33 and 50 years was used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The prevalence of asthma at age 50 was the outcome measure. The analytic sample consists of 5118 participants with complete data on a set of measures at birth, at ages 7, 11, 33 and 50 years. RESULTS Using logistic regression analyses, results showed that childhood asthma (OR = 6.77: 4.38-10.48, p < .001) and respiratory symptoms (OR = 1.83: 1.18-2.86, p < .01), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 1.26: 1.00-1.59, p < .05), Body and Mass Index (BMI) (OR = 1.03: 1.02-1.05, p < .001), traits Neuroticism (OR = 1.13: 1.01-1.21, p < .05) and Conscientiousness (OR = 0.76: 0.76-0.96, p < .01), as well as sex (OR = 1.49: 1.15-1.94, p < .001) were all significantly associated with the prevalence of asthma in adulthood. CONCLUSION The study shows that both childhood and adulthood psychological and sociological factors are significantly associated with the prevalence of asthma in adulthood, though more work need to be done in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Cheng
- a Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology , University College London , London , UK.,b ESRC Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies , UCL Institute of Education , London , UK
| | - Scott Montgomery
- c Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences , Örebro University , Örebro , Sweden.,d Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health , UCL , London , UK
| | - Luke Treglown
- a Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology , University College London , London , UK
| | - Adrian Furnham
- a Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology , University College London , London , UK.,e BI: Norwegian Business School , Oslo , Norway
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khalili R, Bartell SM, Hu X, Liu Y, Chang HH, Belanoff C, Strickland MJ, Vieira VM. Early-life exposure to PM 2.5 and risk of acute asthma clinical encounters among children in Massachusetts: a case-crossover analysis. Environ Health 2018; 17:20. [PMID: 29466982 PMCID: PMC5822480 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0361-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between ambient particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and asthma morbidity have been suggested in previous epidemiologic studies but results are inconsistent for areas with lower PM2.5 levels. We estimated the associations between early-life short-term PM2.5 exposure and the risk of asthma or wheeze clinical encounters among Massachusetts children in the innovative Pregnancy to Early Life Longitudinal (PELL) cohort data linkage system. METHODS We used a semi-bidirectional case-crossover study design with short-term exposure lags for asthma exacerbation using data from the PELL system. Cases included children up to 9 years of age who had a hospitalization, observational stay, or emergency department visit for asthma or wheeze between January 2001 and September 2009 (n = 33,387). Daily PM2.5 concentrations were estimated at a 4-km resolution using satellite remote sensing, land use, and meteorological data. We applied conditional logistic regression models to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also stratified by potential effect modifiers. RESULTS The median PM2.5 concentration among participants was 7.8 μg/m3 with an interquartile range of 5.9 μg/m3. Overall, associations between PM2.5 exposure and asthma clinical encounters among children at lags 0, 1 and 2 were close to the null value of OR = 1.0. Evidence of effect modification was observed by birthweight for lags 0, 1 and 2 (p < 0.05), and season of clinical encounter for lags 0 and 1 (p < 0.05). Children with low birthweight (LBW) (< 2500 g) had increased odds of having an asthma clinical encounter due to higher PM2.5 exposure for lag 1 (OR: 1.08 per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.15). CONCLUSION Asthma or wheeze exacerbations among LBW children were associated with short-term increases in PM2.5 concentrations at low levels in Massachusetts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Khalili
- Environmental Health Sciences Graduate Program, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Scott M. Bartell
- Environmental Health Sciences Graduate Program, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 653 E. Peltason Dr., AIRB 2042, Irvine, CA 92697-3957 USA
- Department of Statistics, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Xuefei Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Howard H. Chang
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Candice Belanoff
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Verónica M. Vieira
- Environmental Health Sciences Graduate Program, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 653 E. Peltason Dr., AIRB 2042, Irvine, CA 92697-3957 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Maron BA, Abman SH. Translational Advances in the Field of Pulmonary Hypertension. Focusing on Developmental Origins and Disease Inception for the Prevention of Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:292-301. [PMID: 27854133 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201604-0882pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Maron
- 1 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Cardiology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Steven H Abman
- 3 Section of Pulmonary Medicine and.,4 Pediatric Heart Lung Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Center and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Knabl J, Vattai A, Ye Y, Jueckstock J, Hutter S, Kainer F, Mahner S, Jeschke U. Role of Placental VDR Expression and Function in Common Late Pregnancy Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112340. [PMID: 29113124 PMCID: PMC5713309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D, besides its classical role in bone metabolism, plays a distinct role in multiple pathways of the feto-maternal unit. Calcitriol is the major active ligand of the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in different uteroplacental parts and exerts a variety of functions in physiologic pregnancy. It regulates decidualisation and implantation, influences hormone secretion and placental immune modulations. This review highlights the role of the vitamin D receptor in physiologic and disturbed pregnancy, as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes and preterm birth. We discuss the existing literature regarding common VDR polymorphisms in these pregnancy disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Knabl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinik Hallerwiese, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany.
| | - Aurelia Vattai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Yao Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Julia Jueckstock
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hutter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Franz Kainer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinik Hallerwiese, 90419 Nürnberg, Germany.
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wooldridge AL, Bischof RJ, Liu H, Heinemann GK, Hunter DS, Giles LC, Simmons RA, Lien YC, Lu W, Rabinowitz JD, Kind KL, Owens JA, Clifton VL, Gatford KL. Late-gestation maternal dietary methyl donor and cofactor supplementation in sheep partially reverses protection against allergic sensitization by IUGR. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R22-R33. [PMID: 28978515 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00549.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal exposures are associated with altered risks of childhood allergy. Human studies and our previous work suggest that restricted growth in utero (IUGR) is protective against allergic disease. The mechanisms are not clearly defined, but reduced fetal abundance and altered metabolism of methyl donors are hypothesized as possible underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we examined whether late-gestation maternal dietary methyl donor and cofactor supplementation of the placentally restricted (PR) sheep pregnancy would reverse allergic protection in progeny. Allergic outcomes were compared between progeny from control pregnancies (CON; n = 49), from PR pregnancies without intervention (PR; n = 28), and from PR pregnancies where the dam was fed a methyl donor plus cofactor supplement from day 120 of pregnancy until delivery (PR + Methyl; n = 25). Both PR and PR + Methyl progeny were smaller than CON; supplementation did not alter birth size. PR was protective against cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to ovalbumin (OVA; P < 0.01 in singletons). Cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to OVA in PR + Methyl progeny were intermediate to and not different from the responses of CON and PR sheep. Cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to house dust mites did not differ between treatments. In singleton progeny, upper dermal mast cell density was greater in PR + Methyl than in PR or CON (each P < 0.05). The differences in the cutaneous allergic response were not explained by treatment effects on circulating immune cells or antibodies. Our results suggest that mechanisms underlying in utero programming of allergic susceptibility by IUGR and methyl donor availability may differ and imply that late-gestation methyl donor supplementation may increase allergy risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Wooldridge
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Robert J Bischof
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, Victoria , Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Hong Liu
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Gary K Heinemann
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Damien S Hunter
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Lynne C Giles
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,School of Population Health, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu-Chin Lien
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Karen L Kind
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Julie A Owens
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland and Translational Research Institute, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang KCW, Morton JS, Davidge ST, Larcombe AN, James AL, Donovan GM, Noble PB. Increased heterogeneity of airway calibre in adult rats after hypoxia-induced intrauterine growth restriction. Respirology 2017; 22:1329-1335. [PMID: 28516728 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with asthma development. We hypothesized that IUGR disrupts airway development leading to postnatal structural abnormalities of the airway that predispose to disease. This study therefore examined structural changes to the airway and lung in a rat model of maternal hypoxia-induced IUGR. METHODS Pregnant rats were housed under hypoxic conditions (11.5% O2 ) from gestational days (GDs) 13 to 20 (pseudoglandular-canalicular stages, i.e. period of airway development) and then returned to normoxic conditions (21% O2 ). A control group of pregnant rats was housed under normoxic conditions throughout pregnancy. Weights of male offspring were recorded at birth and 7 weeks of age (adulthood), at which point lungs were fixed for morphometry and stereology (n = 6/group), or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for cell counts (n = 6/group). RESULTS IUGR offspring were lighter at birth compared with control, but not at 7 weeks. While there was no difference in mean airway dimensions or lung volume, there was greater anatomical variation in airway lumen area in the IUGR group. A mathematical model of the human lung was used to show that greater heterogeneity in lumen area in IUGR-affected individuals increases bronchoconstriction during simulated bronchial challenge. More macrophages were identified in the BALF of IUGR offspring. CONCLUSION The rat model demonstrates that IUGR leads to a more heterogeneous distribution of airway lumen calibre in adulthood with potential implications for bronchoconstriction in human subjects. Together with increased lung macrophages, these findings support a phenotypic shift after IUGR that may impact disease susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley C W Wang
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jude S Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan L James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Graham M Donovan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter B Noble
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Siou K, Walmsley SL, Murphy KE, Raboud J, Loutfy M, Yudin MH, Silverman M, Ladhani NN, Serghides L. Progesterone supplementation for HIV-positive pregnant women on protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimens (the ProSPAR study): a study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2016; 2:49. [PMID: 27965866 PMCID: PMC5153916 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-016-0087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Canada, the majority of HIV-positive pregnant women receive combination antiretroviral therapy that includes a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. However, protease inhibitor-based combination antiretroviral therapy has been associated with increased rates of preterm, low birth weight, and small for gestational age births. Our previous experimental findings demonstrate that protease inhibitor use during pregnancy is associated with decreased progesterone levels that correlate with fetal growth, and that progesterone supplementation can improve protease inhibitor-induced fetal growth restriction. We hypothesize that HIV-positive pregnant women who receive protease inhibitor-based combination therapy may also benefit from progesterone supplementation during pregnancy. Methods/design In order to test this hypothesis, we have designed an open-label, multi-centre, randomized controlled (parallel group) pilot trial. The initial goal of this trial is to test feasibility and acceptability of our intervention. Forty HIV-positive pregnant women who are either on, or intending to start or switch to a boosted protease inhibitor-based combination antiretroviral regimen will be enrolled from six sites across Ontario, Canada. Twenty-five women will be randomized to self-administer natural progesterone (Prometrium, 200 mg) vaginally every night starting between gestational week 16 and 24 until week 36, and 15 women will be randomized to no intervention. While the participants and treating physicians will not be blinded, the laboratory personnel performing the biochemical and morphological evaluations will be blinded to ensure unbiased evaluation. The primary outcome of the pilot study is the feasibility of enrolment as measured by the recruitment rate and patient-reported reasons to decline participation. Secondary outcomes in participants include safety, acceptability, and adherence to progesterone supplementation. Discussion Given the safety of intravaginal progesterone and its current use in the general obstetrical population to prevent recurrent preterm delivery, this pilot study will provide data to determine the feasibility of a larger randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of this intervention on improving neonatal health in the context of HIV-positive pregnancies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02400021
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Siou
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharon L Walmsley
- Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada ; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kellie E Murphy
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada ; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Janet Raboud
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mona Loutfy
- Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto, Canada ; Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Canada ; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark H Yudin
- St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada ; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Silverman
- St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, Canada ; University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Noor N Ladhani
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada ; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lena Serghides
- Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada ; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ; Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Antenatal endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids and their impact on immune ontogeny and long-term immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:739-763. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
25
|
Grieger JA, Clifton VL, Tuck AR, Wooldridge AL, Robertson SA, Gatford KL. In utero Programming of Allergic Susceptibility. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 169:80-92. [PMID: 27044002 DOI: 10.1159/000443961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 30-40% of the world's population will experience allergy, the most common and earliest-onset noncommunicable disease. With a steady rise in the incidence of allergic disease over recent decades, up to 18% of children will suffer a respiratory, food or skin allergy before their 18th birthday. There is compelling evidence that the risk of developing allergy is influenced by early life events and particularly in utero exposures. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was undertaken which outlines prenatal risk factors and potential mechanisms underlying the development of allergy in childhood. RESULTS Exposures including maternal cigarette smoking, preterm birth and Caesarean delivery are implicated in predisposing infants to the later development of allergy. In contrast, restricted growth in utero, a healthy maternal diet and a larger family size are protective, but the mechanisms here are unclear and require further investigation. CONCLUSION To ameliorate the allergy pandemic in young children, we must define prenatal mechanisms that alter the programming of the fetal immune system and also identify specific targets for antenatal interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Grieger
- Robinson Research Institute and School of Medicine, University ofAdelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Williams TC, Drake AJ. What a general paediatrician needs to know about early life programming. Arch Dis Child 2015; 100:1058-63. [PMID: 25990501 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The process whereby early exposure to an adverse environment has an influence on later life outcomes has been called 'early life programming'. While epidemiological evidence for this has been available for decades, only in recent years have the mechanisms, in particular epigenetic modifications, for this process begun to be elucidated. We discuss the evidence for early life programming, the possible mechanisms, how effects may be transmitted across generations, and conclude by looking at some examples relevant to general paediatrics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Williams
- Neonatal Unit, Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amanda J Drake
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin MH, Hsieh CJ, Caffrey JL, Lin YS, Wang IJ, Ho WC, Chen PC, Wu TN, Lin RS. Fetal Growth, Obesity, and Atopic Disorders in Adolescence: a Retrospective Birth Cohort Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2015. [PMID: 26218618 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental status at birth and subsequent obesity have been implicated in the development of childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS The current study analysed the cohort data of 74 688 junior high school students from a national retrospective birth cohort study in Taiwan. A random 10% sample was selected from singleton livebirths with complete data on the analytical variables of interest. Atopic disorders, including AD and AR, were assessed by questionnaires (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood). Logistic regression analyses were applied with adjustments for related risk factors. RESULTS Among subjects mainly 13-15 years of age, the estimated prevalence was 7.6% for AD and 22.4% for AR. While the role of fetal growth in allergic disorders was less evident, the risk of developing AD and AR were both influenced by a combination of fetal growth status and adolescent body mass index (BMI). Compared with those with normal fetal growth and school-aged BMI, the risk of developing AD increased 64% among adolescents with both restricted fetal growth and high BMI (odds ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval 1.37, 1.97). The risk for this combination was higher than that for either restricted fetal growth or high BMI alone. Nevertheless, the overall interaction between BMI and fetal growth status on atopic disorders did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Excessive weight gain could be an important risk factor related to developing atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis during adolescence, especially among infants born small for gestational age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hung Lin
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Public Health, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - James L Caffrey
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Lin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - I-Jen Wang
- Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chao Ho
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Trong-Neng Wu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Shiung Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim SH, Hur J, Jang JY, Park HS, Hong CH, Son SJ, Chang KJ. Psychological Distress in Young Adult Males with Atopic Dermatitis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e949. [PMID: 26061325 PMCID: PMC4616482 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD) and psychological distress has been well established for children and adolescents. However, it is unclear whether this relationship exists in young adults. This study aimed to assess the relationship between AD and psychological distress in young male adults in South Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted using regional conscription data from 2008 to 2012. A dermatologist diagnosed AD based on historical and clinical features, and determined severity using the eczema area and severity index. A psychiatrist used medical records, an interview, and a psychological test to examine psychological distress (depression, anxiety, and somatization). The relationship between psychological distress and AD was assessed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Among the 120,508 conscripts, 1517 (1.2%) presented with AD. The odds of having each type of psychological distress were significantly greater for individuals with AD compared with those without AD. The adjusted odds ratios for depression, anxiety, and somatization were 1.79 (95% CI 1.40-2.29), 1.38 (95% CI 1.08-1.76), and 1.75 (95% CI 1.40-2.20), respectively. Moderate-to-severe AD was significantly related to depression and somatization to a greater extent compared with mild AD. Depression, anxiety, and somatization are strongly and independently associated with AD in young adult males. Early treatment of skin inflammation might modify the risk of psychiatric problems. Prospective cohort studies are needed to verify causal relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Heon Kim
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health (SHK, JYJ); Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (HSP); Department of Psychiatry (CHH, SJS, KJC), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon; and Cheonan Soo Skin Clinic (JH), Cheonan, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nguyen TPH, Yong HEJ, Chollangi T, Borg AJ, Brennecke SP, Murthi P. Placental vitamin D receptor expression is decreased in human idiopathic fetal growth restriction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:795-805. [PMID: 25716068 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fetal growth restriction (FGR) affects up to 5 % of pregnancies worldwide, and trophoblast function plays a significant role on the outcome. An epidemiological study has linked vitamin D deficiency to adverse perinatal outcomes, which include decreased birth weight. The placenta as an important source of vitamin D regulates its metabolism through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), but the mechanism by which VDR regulates trophoblast function is poorly understood. Our study aimed at determining placental VDR expression in FGR and gestation-matched control (GMC) pregnancies and identifying the actions of VDR in trophoblast differentiation and apoptosis. Placentae were collected from a well-defined cohort of idiopathic FGR and GMC pregnancies. VDR mRNA and protein expressions were determined by PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting, while functional consequences of VDR inactivation in vitro were determined on BeWo cells by determining changes in differentiation, attachment and apoptosis. Significant decreases in VDR mRNA expression (p = 0.0005) and protein expression (p = 0.0003) were observed in the FGR samples, while VDR inactivation, which showed markers for differentiation, cell attachment and apoptosis, was significantly increased. Thus, decreased placental VDR may contribute to uncontrolled premature differentiation and apoptosis of trophoblasts that are characteristics of idiopathic FGR pregnancies. KEY MESSAGE Fetal growth restriction (FGR) affects up to 5 % of all pregnancies worldwide. FGR is the second highest cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity. The placenta plays a pivotal role in vitamin D metabolism during pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Placental vitamin D receptor expression is decreased in FGR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P H Nguyen
- Department of Perinatal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kazembe LN, Kandala NB. Estimating areas of common risk in low birth weight and infant mortality in Namibia: a joint spatial analysis at sub-regional level. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2015; 12:27-37. [PMID: 25779907 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There is lots of literature documenting a positive association between low birth weight (LBW) and infant mortality (IM), however, little is known how the risk of LBW and IM are geographically co-distributed. We fitted joint spatial models of LBW and IM, and used data from Namibia, to examine their geographical variability. We used a Bayesian approach to measure and rank areas according to specific and shared risk of LBW and IM. Our findings show some degree of similarities in the spatial pattern of LBW and IM, with high risk in the central and north-eastern parts of the country. Results suggest a need for comprehensive programming of maternal and newborn interventions that reach areas of spatially concentrated risk of LBW and IM. It further presents an opportunity for generating hypotheses for further research aimed at improving child health, especially in higher risk constituencies thus identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence N Kazembe
- Department of Statistics and Population Studies, University of Namibia, Private Bag 13301 Windhoek, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pionerspark, Namibia.
| | - N-B Kandala
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Mebrahtu TF, Feltbower RG, Greenwood DC, Parslow RC. Birth weight and childhood wheezing disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014; 69:500-8. [PMID: 25534771 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have claimed that birth weight and childhood wheezing disorders are associated although the results remained inconsistent. One systematic review and two systematic reviews that included meta-analyses reported inconsistent results. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate this. METHODS An online search of published papers linking childhood asthma and wheezing disorders with birth weight up to February 2014 was carried out using EMBASE and Medline medical research databases. Summary ORs were estimated using random-effects models. Subgroup meta-analyses were performed to assess the robustness of risk associations and between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 37 studies comprising 1,71, 737 participants were included in our meta-analysis. The unadjusted summary ORs for risk of childhood wheezing disorders associated with low birth weight (<2.5 kg) were 1.60 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.85, p<0.001) and 1.37 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.79, p=0.02) when compared with ≥2.5 and 2.5-4.0 kg birthweight groups, respectively. The overall summary OR for high birth weight (>4 kg) as compared to the 2.5-4.0 kg birthweight group was 1.02 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.04, p=0.13). There was substantial heterogeneity in the unadjusted low birth weight risk estimates which was not accounted for by predefined study characteristics. There was no significant heterogeneity in the high birth weight risk estimates. There was some evidence of funnel plot asymmetry and small study effects in the low birth weight (2.5 vs ≥2.5 kg and <2.5 vs 2.5-4 kg) OR estimates. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that low birth (<2.5 kg) is an independent risk factor for wheezing disorders during childhood and adolescence although there was substantial heterogeneity among the risk estimates. However, we found no significant association of high birth weight with wheezing disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teumzghi F Mebrahtu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Richard G Feltbower
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Darren C Greenwood
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Roger C Parslow
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Harris G, Thompson WD, Fitzgerald E, Wartenberg D. The association of PM(2.5) with full term low birth weight at different spatial scales. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 134:427-34. [PMID: 25261950 PMCID: PMC4322387 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is interest in determining the relationship between fine particulate matter air pollution and various health outcomes, including birth outcomes such as term low birth weight. Previous studies have come to different conclusions. In this study we consider whether the effect may vary by location and gestational period. We also compare results when using different spatial resolutions for the air concentration estimates. Among the seven states considered, New Jersey and New York had the highest PM2.5 levels (average full gestation period exposures of 13 µg/m(3)) and the largest rate of low birth weight births (2.6 and 2.8%, respectively); conversely Utah and Minnesota had the lowest PM2.5 levels (9 µg/m(3)) and the lowest rates of low birth weight births (2.1 and1.9%, respectively). There is an association between PM2.5 exposure and low birth weight in New York for the full gestation period and all three trimesters, in Minnesota for the full gestation period and the first and third trimesters, and in New Jersey for the full gestation period and the first trimester. When we pooled the data across states, the OR for the full gestation period was 1.030 (95% CI: 1.022-1.037) and it was highest for the first trimester (OR 1.018; CI: 1.013-1.022) and decreasing during the later trimesters. When we used a finer spatial resolution, the strengths of the associations tended to diminish and were no longer statistically significant. We consider reasons why these differences may occur and their implications for evaluating the effects of PM2.5 on birth outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Harris
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - W Douglas Thompson
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Edward Fitzgerald
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, University at Albany, SUNY Rensselaer, NY USA
| | - Daniel Wartenberg
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hanson MA, Gluckman PD. Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology? Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1027-76. [PMID: 25287859 PMCID: PMC4187033 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 715] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological processes associated with chronic, especially noncommunicable, disease (NCD). This field is recognized as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). We discuss the extent to which DOHaD represents the result of the physiological processes of developmental plasticity, which may have potential adverse consequences in terms of NCD risk later, or whether it is the manifestation of pathophysiological processes acting in early life but only becoming apparent as disease later. We argue that the evidence suggests the former, through the operation of conditioning processes induced across the normal range of developmental environments, and we summarize current knowledge of the physiological processes involved. The adaptive pathway to later risk accords with current concepts in evolutionary developmental biology, especially those concerning parental effects. Outside the normal range, effects on development can result in nonadaptive processes, and we review their underlying mechanisms and consequences. New concepts concerning the underlying epigenetic and other mechanisms involved in both disruptive and nondisruptive pathways to disease are reviewed, including the evidence for transgenerational passage of risk from both maternal and paternal lines. These concepts have wider implications for understanding the causes and possible prevention of NCDs such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, for broader social policy and for the increasing attention paid in public health to the lifecourse approach to NCD prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Hanson
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, and NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom; and Liggins Institute and Gravida (National Centre for Growth and Development), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P D Gluckman
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, and NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom; and Liggins Institute and Gravida (National Centre for Growth and Development), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jaeckle Santos LJ, Li C, Doulias PT, Ischiropoulos H, Worthen GS, Simmons RA. Neutralizing Th2 inflammation in neonatal islets prevents β-cell failure in adult IUGR rats. Diabetes 2014; 63:1672-84. [PMID: 24408314 PMCID: PMC3994952 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. Inflammation is associated with T2D; however, it is unknown whether inflammation is causal or secondary to the altered metabolic state. Here we show that the mechanism by which IUGR leads to the development of T2D in adulthood is via transient recruitment of T-helper 2 (Th) lymphocytes and macrophages in fetal islets resulting in localized inflammation. Although this immune response is short-lived, it results in a permanent reduction in islet vascularity and impaired insulin secretion. Neutralizing interleukin-4 antibody therapy given only in the newborn period ameliorates inflammation and restores vascularity and β-cell function into adulthood, demonstrating a novel role for Th2 immune responses in the induction and progression of T2D. In the neonatal stage, inflammation and vascular changes are reversible and may define an important developmental window for therapeutic intervention to prevent adult-onset diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lane J. Jaeckle Santos
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Changhong Li
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - G. Scott Worthen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Corresponding author: Rebecca A. Simmons, , or G. Scott Worthen,
| | - Rebecca A. Simmons
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Corresponding author: Rebecca A. Simmons, , or G. Scott Worthen,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gibson AM, Doyle LW. Respiratory outcomes for the tiniest or most immature infants. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 19:105-11. [PMID: 24239022 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low birth weight (<1000 g birth weight) or extremely preterm (<28 weeks of gestation) infants are surviving in greater numbers as neonatal care advances. Many of these survivors, especially those who develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia, have more respiratory ill health in the first years after discharge home, reduced respiratory function and impaired exercise capacity throughout childhood and into adulthood compared with term-born controls. It is important to establish the long-term respiratory outcomes for the tiniest or most immature survivors as they grow older, since they may contribute disproportionately to rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory ill-health in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Gibson
- Respiratory Research Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu X, Olsen J, Agerbo E, Yuan W, Cnattingius S, Gissler M, Li J. Birth weight, gestational age, fetal growth and childhood asthma hospitalization. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2014; 10:13. [PMID: 24602245 PMCID: PMC3973844 DOI: 10.1186/1710-1492-10-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood asthma may have a fetal origin through fetal growth and development of the immunocompetence or respiratory organs. Objective We examined to which extent short gestational age, low birth weight and fetal growth restriction were associated with an increased risk of asthma hospitalization in childhood. Methods We undertook a cohort study based on several national registers in Denmark, Sweden and Finland. We included all live singleton born children in Denmark during 1979-2005 (N = 1,538,093), in Sweden during 1973-2004 (N = 3,067,670), and a 90% random sample of singleton children born in Finland during 1987-2004 (N = 1,050,744). The children were followed from three years of age to first hospitalization for asthma, emigration, death, their 18th birthday, or the end of study (the end of 2008 in Denmark, and the end of 2007 in Sweden or Finland), whichever came first. We computed the pseudo-values for each observation and used them in a generalized estimating equation to estimate relative risks (RR) for asthma hospitalization. Results A total of 131,783 children were hospitalized for asthma during follow-up. The risk for asthma hospitalization consistently increased with lower birth weight and shorter gestational age. A 1000-g decrease in birth weight corresponded to a RR of 1.17 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.18). A one-week decrease in gestational age corresponded to a RR of 1.05 (95% CI 1.04-1.06). Small for gestational age was associated with an increased risk of asthma hospitalization in term but not in preterm born children. Conclusions Fetal growth and gestational age may play a direct or indirect causal role in the development of childhood asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mu M, Ye S, Bai MJ, Liu GL, Tong Y, Wang SF, Sheng J. Birth weight and subsequent risk of asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2014; 23:511-9. [PMID: 24582482 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest that birth weight is related to later risk of asthma. However, few meta-analyses have investigated these associations. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis with different classifications to further validate the relationship between birth weight and asthma. METHODS PubMed (1990-2013), ScienceDirect (1990-2013), EMBASE(1990-2013),EBSCO (1990-2013) and Springer (1990-2013) were searched for articles. The following MeSH terms were used: "birth weight", "fetal growth retardation", "intrauterine growth restriction", "asthma", "wheezing". RESULTS We included 18 studies with data from a total of over 90,000 children and adults. (1) Low birth weight (<2,500g) as compared with BW>2,500g and BW=2500-4000g was associated with increased risk of asthma (Children: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.09-1.50, P<0.05; OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.13-1.60, P<0.05, Adults: OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12-1.39, P<0.05; OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12-1.40, P<0.05). (2) High birth weight (>4,000g) was not associated with the risk of asthma when BW<4,000g and BW=2500-4000g were used as the reference. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that low birth weight (<2,500g) is associated with increased risk of asthma both in children and adults and may serve as a mediator between prenatal influences and later disease risk; but high birth weight (>4,000g) was not associated with increased risk of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Mu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Ye
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Jie Bai
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guo-Li Liu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Tong
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Fang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, People's Republic of China; Department of University Hospital, Anhui Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Sheng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, People's Republic of China; Department of University Hospital, Anhui Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Barbarot S, Gras-Leguen C, Colas H, Garrot E, Darmaun D, Larroque B, Roze J, Ancel P. Lower risk of atopic dermatitis among infants born extremely preterm compared with higher gestational age. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:1257-64. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Barbarot
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology; UMR 1280 Nantes University Hospital; Nantes France
| | - C. Gras-Leguen
- Department of Neonatal Medicine and INSERM CIC 004; UMR 1280 Nantes University Hospital; Nantes France
| | - H. Colas
- Department of Neonatal Medicine and INSERM CIC 004; UMR 1280 Nantes University Hospital; Nantes France
| | - E. Garrot
- Department of Neonatal Medicine and INSERM CIC 004; UMR 1280 Nantes University Hospital; Nantes France
| | - D. Darmaun
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research; UMR 1280 Nantes University Hospital; Nantes France
| | - B. Larroque
- INSERM; UMR S953; IFR 69; Epidemiological Research on Perinatal Health and Women's and Children's Health; Paris France
- UPMC University Paris 06; UMR S953; Paris France
| | - J.C. Roze
- Department of Neonatal Medicine and INSERM CIC 004; UMR 1280 Nantes University Hospital; Nantes France
| | - P.Y. Ancel
- INSERM; UMR S953; IFR 69; Epidemiological Research on Perinatal Health and Women's and Children's Health; Paris France
- UPMC University Paris 06; UMR S953; Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chui A, Kalionis B, Abumaree M, Cocquebert M, Fournier T, Evain-Brion D, Brennecke SP, Murthi P. Downstream targets of the homeobox gene DLX3 are differentially expressed in the placentae of pregnancies affected by human idiopathic fetal growth restriction. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 377:75-83. [PMID: 23831639 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human idiopathic fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with placental insufficiency. Previously, we reported that the expression of homeobox gene Distal-less 3 (DLX3) is increased in idiopathic FGR placentae and is a regulator of villous trophoblast differentiation. Here, we identify the downstream targets of DLX3 in trophoblast-derived cell lines. We modelled the high levels of DLX3 in FGR using an over-expression plasmid construct and complemented this using short-interference RNA (siRNA) for inactivation in cultured cells. Using a real-time PCR-based gene profiling, candidate target genes of DLX3 over-expression and inactivation were identified as regulators of trophoblast differentiation; GATA2 and PPARγ. The expression of GATA2 and PPARγ were further assessed in placental tissues and showed increased mRNA and protein levels in FGR-affected tissues compared with gestation-matched controls. We conclude that DLX3 orchestrates the expression of multiple regulators of trophoblast differentiation and that expression of these regulatory genes is abnormal in FGR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chui
- Department of Perinatal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cocoros NM, Lash TL, Nørgaard M, Farkas DK, DeMaria A, Sørensen HT. Hospitalized prenatal and childhood infections and obesity in Danish male conscripts. Ann Epidemiol 2013; 23:307-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. The prevalence of asthma is around 300 million and is expected to increase another 100 million by 2025. Obesity, on the other hand, also affects a large number of individuals. Overweight in adults is defined when body mass index (BMI) is between 25 to 30 kg/m(2) and obesity when the BMI >30 kg/m(2). It has been a matter of interest for researchers to find a relation between these two conditions. This knowledge will provide a new insight into the management of both conditions. At present, obese asthma patients may be considered a special category and it is important to assess the impact of management of obesity on asthma symptoms.
Collapse
|
44
|
Miyake Y, Tanaka K. Lack of relationship between birth conditions and allergic disorders in Japanese children aged 3 years. J Asthma 2013; 50:555-9. [PMID: 23544740 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2013.790422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current cross-sectional study examined the associations between low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and the prevalence of wheeze, asthma, and eczema in Japanese children aged 3 years. METHODS Study subjects were 2004 children. All data were obtained using a questionnaire. Outcomes were defined according to the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Adjustment was made for sex, number of siblings, breastfeeding duration, paternal and maternal educational level, paternal and maternal history of allergic disorders, maternal smoking during pregnancy, secondhand smoke exposure at home, and gestational age at birth. RESULTS The prevalence of wheeze, asthma, and eczema in the previous 12 months were 22.1%, 9.0%, and 17.5%, respectively, and 8.4% were classified as LBW (<2500 g), 4.7% as preterm birth (<37 weeks), and 7.1% as SGA (<10th percentile). There were no significant associations between LBW, preterm birth, or SGA and the prevalence of wheeze, asthma, or eczema. A positive relationship between preterm birth and asthma was of borderline significance in children whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy (adjusted OR: 4.71 [95% CI: 0.97-21.39]), but not in those whose mothers had never smoked during pregnancy; the multiplicative interaction between preterm birth and maternal smoking during pregnancy with respect to asthma was significant (p = .04). CONCLUSIONS The current study failed to detect significant associations between birth conditions and allergic disorders. Nevertheless, we did find evidence for an interaction between preterm birth and maternal smoking during pregnancy affecting asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tedner SG, Örtqvist AK, Almqvist C. Fetal growth and risk of childhood asthma and allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 42:1430-47. [PMID: 22994341 PMCID: PMC3564398 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.03997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Early genetic and environmental factors have been discussed as potential causes for the high prevalence of asthma and allergic disease in the western world, and knowledge on fetal growth and its consequence on future health and disease development is emerging. Objective This review article is an attempt to summarize research on fetal growth and risk of asthma and allergic disease. Current knowledge and novel findings will be reviewed and open research questions identified, to give basic scientists, immunologists and clinicians an overview of an emerging research field. Methods PubMed-search on pre-defined terms and cross-references. Results Several studies have shown a correlation between low birth weight and/or gestational age and asthma and high birth weight and/or gestational age and atopy. The exact mechanism is not yet clear but both environmental and genetic factors seem to contribute to fetal growth. Some of these factors are confounders that can be adjusted for, and twin studies have been very helpful in this context. Suggested mechanisms behind fetal growth are often linked to the feto-maternal circulation, including the development of placenta and umbilical cord. However, the causal link between fetal growth restriction and subsequent asthma and allergic disease remains unexplained. New research regarding the catch-up growth following growth restriction has posited an alternative theory that diseases later on in life result from rapid catch-up growth rather than intrauterine growth restriction per se. Several studies have found a correlation between a rapid weight gain after birth and development of asthma or wheezing in childhood. Conclusion and clinical relevance Asthma and allergic disease are multifactorial. Several mechanisms seem to influence their development. Additional studies are needed before we fully understand the causal links between fetal growth and development of asthma and allergic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S G Tedner
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Population-based study on association between birth weight and risk of asthma: a propensity score approach. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012; 110:18-23. [PMID: 23244653 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies that assessed the role of birth weight in the risk of asthma have been limited because of selection bias and covariate imbalance. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between birth weight and risk of asthma by applying a propensity score approach. METHODS The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study based on a birth cohort of children born between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 1979, in Rochester, Minnesota. The propensity scores for birth weight were formulated using 16 covariates. We matched the propensity scores for children having low birth weight (<2,500 g) within a caliper of 0.2 SD of logit function of propensity scores. We calculated the cumulative incidence of asthma between low and normal birth weight groups using the Kaplan-Meier curve. RESULTS There were 3933 eligible children born between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 1979. Before matching, 13 of the 193 children (6.7%) born weighing 2,500 g developed asthma, whereas 201 of the 3,740 children (5.4%) born weighing 2,500 g and above developed asthma (P=.42). There were significant covariate imbalances between comparison groups. However, after propensity score matching, covariate imbalance was significantly reduced, and children born weighing less than 2,500 g had a similar risk to matched children born with normal birth weight (8.3% vs 7.3%, P=.75). CONCLUSION Birth weight is not associated with risk of asthma during the first 6 years of life. The propensity score may be a useful method for observational studies concerning asthma epidemiology.
Collapse
|
47
|
Hartwig IRV, Pincus MK, Diemert A, Hecher K, Arck PC. Sex-specific effect of first-trimester maternal progesterone on birthweight. Hum Reprod 2012; 28:77-86. [PMID: 23049076 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are maternal progesterone levels in early pregnancy associated with fetal birthweight? SUMMARY ANSWER Low levels of first-trimester maternal progesterone are significantly associated with a reduction in birthweight in girls, but not boys. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN Progesterone in the third trimester of pregnancy has previously been related to birthweight in humans. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Pregnant women between gestational weeks 4 and 12 were recruited by 99 obstetricians in private practice and enrolled in a prospective cohort study. A follow-up took place at birth. Women younger than 18 years, who had undergone fertility treatments or were diagnosed with infectious diseases, were excluded from the study. A subgroup of 906 participants in whom progesterone had been measured was then selected retrospectively based on the following criteria: no miscarriages, elective abortions or pregnancy complications, infections or multiple births. Data from the follow-up were available for 623 women, who were included in the analyses. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The study was coordinated at the Charité University Medicine in Berlin, Germany. Anthropometric, medical and psychosocial information were collected and serum progesterone and estradiol levels were measured in women during the first trimester of pregnancy, followed by the documentation of the pregnancy outcome at birth. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed to identify maternal markers, among them progesterone, affecting birthweight and to determine environmental and maternal factors that are associated with maternal progesterone levels during pregnancy. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the multivariable regression model, each increase in maternal progesterone by 1 ng/ml during the first trimester increased girls' birthweight by 10.17 g (95% CI: 2.03-18.31 g). If the mother carried a boy, maternal smoking and perceived worries during early pregnancy predicted a reduced birthweight, irrespective of progesterone levels. Maternal body mass index over 25 and maternal age <21 years significantly correlated with the reduced levels of progesterone. Correlations between environmental challenges and maternal progesterone did not reach levels of significance. Since the analyses were exploratory, the likelihood that results may be due to chance is increased. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Due to the exploratory nature of the analyses, results need to be independently confirmed in a larger sample. Furthermore, our findings pertain to pregnant women without pregnancy complications or fertility treatments. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Maternal progesterone during early pregnancy is an indicator of subsequent fetal development in female children. Future studies should confirm this relationship and determine whether maternal progesterone is a useful tool in predicting pregnancies at risk resulting in the birth of a girl with low birthweight. Detailed identification of environmental factors modulating maternal progesterone levels should be addressed in future studies. STUDY FUNDING/POTENTIAL COMPETING INTERESTS Financial support was provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Excellence Initiative of the Hamburg Foundation for Research and the Association for Prevention and Information for Allergy and Asthma (Pina e.V.). The authors have no conflict of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel R V Hartwig
- Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
McDaniel MK, Waldfogel J. Racial and ethnic differences in the management of childhood asthma in the United States. J Asthma 2012; 49:785-91. [PMID: 22784007 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2012.702840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined racial and ethnic differences in the management of childhood asthma in the United States and the extent that care conformed to clinical best practices. METHODS Two years of pooled data from the National Health Interview Survey were analyzed using logistic regression. The sample included all children between ages 2 and 17 years who had asthma currently and had been diagnosed with asthma by a doctor or health professional (n = 1757; 465 African-American, 212 Mexican-American, 190 Puerto Rican and other Hispanic, 806 white, non-Hispanic, and 84 children of other and multiple races and ethnicities). RESULTS African-American children with asthma were significantly less likely than white, non-Hispanic children to have taken preventive asthma medication, but more likely to have had an asthma management plan. Mexican-American and Puerto Rican and other Hispanic children did not differ significantly from white, non-Hispanic children in either receiving preventive asthma medication or having an asthma management plan. Caregivers of African-American and Puerto Rican and other Hispanic children were more likely to report that they or their child had taken a course or class on how to manage their child's asthma. We did not find racial or ethnic differences in the extent children used quick-relief asthma medication or received advice about reducing asthma triggers in their home, school, or work environments. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights a need for more research on racial and ethnic differences in asthma management. Implications for public health responses and racial and ethnic disparities in asthma morbidity are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marla K McDaniel
- Center on Labor, Human Services, and Population, Urban Institute, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Grjibovski AM, Harris JR, Magnus P. Birthweight and Adult Health in a Population-Based Sample of Norwegian Twins. Twin Res Hum Genet 2012. [DOI: 10.1375/twin.8.2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPopulation-based twin data were used to test (a) whether lower birthweight confers a greater risk of adult health disorders, and (b) whether within-pair birthweight differences in twins explain discordance for health outcomes. The sample consisted of 1201 monozygotic (MZ) male twins, 1048 dizygotic (DZ) male twins, 1679 MZ female twins, 1489 DZ female twins, and 2423 opposite-sex DZ twins, born in Norway between 1967 and 1979. The relationship between birthweight and self-reported health outcomes were studied using multivariable logistic regression. In the full sample (n= 7840), birthweight was negatively associated with risk for nearsightedness (odds ratio OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.65 – 0.92) and minimal brain disorder (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.16–0.44) when adjusted for gestational age, sex, zygosity, age, education and body mass index after correction for intraclass correlations and multiple comparisons. Within-pair analysis of 159 MZ and 224 DZ pairs revealed that myopic twins were on average 2 g (p= .966) and 64 g (p= .040) lighter than nonmyopic twins in MZ and DZ pairs respectively, suggesting that genetic factors may play an important role in the associations between birthweight and nearsightedness. Within-pair analysis of twins discordant for a minimal brain disorder indicated that affected twins were 80 g (p= .655) and 85 g (p= .655) lighter than their healthy co-twins in MZ and DZ pairs respectively, although there were only 2 MZ and 2 DZ discordant pairs.
Collapse
|
50
|
Homeobox gene Distal-Less 3 is a regulator of villous cytotrophoblast differentiation and its expression is increased in human idiopathic foetal growth restriction. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 90:273-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|