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Bortolozzi A, Fico G, Berk M, Solmi M, Fornaro M, Quevedo J, Zarate CA, Kessing LV, Vieta E, Carvalho AF. New Advances in the Pharmacology and Toxicology of Lithium: A Neurobiologically Oriented Overview. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:323-357. [PMID: 38697859 PMCID: PMC11068842 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last six decades, lithium has been considered the gold standard treatment for the long-term management of bipolar disorder due to its efficacy in preventing both manic and depressive episodes as well as suicidal behaviors. Nevertheless, despite numerous observed effects on various cellular pathways and biologic systems, the precise mechanism through which lithium stabilizes mood remains elusive. Furthermore, there is recent support for the therapeutic potential of lithium in other brain diseases. This review offers a comprehensive examination of contemporary understanding and predominant theories concerning the diverse mechanisms underlying lithium's effects. These findings are based on investigations utilizing cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have provided additional support for the significance of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibition as a crucial mechanism. Furthermore, research has shed more light on the interconnections between GSK3-mediated neuroprotective, antioxidant, and neuroplasticity processes. Moreover, recent advancements in animal and human models have provided valuable insights into how lithium-induced modifications at the homeostatic synaptic plasticity level may play a pivotal role in its clinical effectiveness. We focused on findings from translational studies suggesting that lithium may interface with microRNA expression. Finally, we are exploring the repurposing potential of lithium beyond bipolar disorder. These recent findings on the therapeutic mechanisms of lithium have provided important clues toward developing predictive models of response to lithium treatment and identifying new biologic targets. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Lithium is the drug of choice for the treatment of bipolar disorder, but its mechanism of action in stabilizing mood remains elusive. This review presents the latest evidence on lithium's various mechanisms of action. Recent evidence has strengthened glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibition, changes at the level of homeostatic synaptic plasticity, and regulation of microRNA expression as key mechanisms, providing an intriguing perspective that may help bridge the mechanistic gap between molecular functions and its clinical efficacy as a mood stabilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analia Bortolozzi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Giovanna Fico
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Michael Berk
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Marco Solmi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Lars V Kessing
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain (A.B.); Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain (A.B., G.F., E.V.); Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (G.F., E.V.); IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia (M.B., A.F.C.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); The Champlain First Episode Psychosis Program, Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ontario, Canada (M.S.); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany (M.S.); Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy (M.F.); Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), Houston, Texas (J.Q.); Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (C.A.Z.); Copenhagen Affective Disorders Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (L.V.K.); and Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (L.V.K.)
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El Rawas R, Amaral IM, Hofer A. The Anti-social Brain in Schizophrenia: A Role of CaMKII? Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:868244. [PMID: 35711581 PMCID: PMC9197422 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.868244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current pharmacological therapy has limited effects on the cognitive impairments and negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Therefore, understanding the molecular underpinnings of this disorder is essential for the development of effective treatments. It appears that a reduction in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (α-CaMKII) activity is a common mechanism underlying the abnormal social behavior and cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. In addition, in a previous study social interaction with a partner of the same sex and weight increased the activity of α-CaMKII in rats. Here, we propose that boosting of CaMKII signaling, in a manner that counteracts this neuropsychiatric disease without disrupting the normal brain function, might ameliorate the abnormalities in social cognition and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana El Rawas
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Inês M Amaral
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Hofer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Hagihara H, Horikawa T, Irino Y, Nakamura HK, Umemori J, Shoji H, Yoshida M, Kamitani Y, Miyakawa T. Peripheral blood metabolome predicts mood change-related activity in mouse model of bipolar disorder. Mol Brain 2019; 12:107. [PMID: 31822292 PMCID: PMC6902552 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a major mental illness characterized by severe swings in mood and activity levels which occur with variable amplitude and frequency. Attempts have been made to identify mood states and biological features associated with mood changes to compensate for current clinical diagnosis, which is mainly based on patients' subjective reports. Here, we used infradian (a cycle > 24 h) cyclic locomotor activity in a mouse model useful for the study of bipolar disorder as a proxy for mood changes. We show that metabolome patterns in peripheral blood could retrospectively predict the locomotor activity levels. We longitudinally monitored locomotor activity in the home cage, and subsequently collected peripheral blood and performed metabolomic analyses. We then constructed cross-validated linear regression models based on blood metabolome patterns to predict locomotor activity levels of individual mice. Our analysis revealed a significant correlation between actual and predicted activity levels, indicative of successful predictions. Pathway analysis of metabolites used for successful predictions showed enrichment in mitochondria metabolism-related terms, such as "Warburg effect" and "citric acid cycle." In addition, we found that peripheral blood metabolome patterns predicted expression levels of genes implicated in bipolar disorder in the hippocampus, a brain region responsible for mood regulation, suggesting that the brain-periphery axis is related to mood-change-associated behaviors. Our results may serve as a basis for predicting individual mood states through blood metabolomics in bipolar disorder and other mood disorders and may provide potential insight into systemic metabolic activity in relation to mood changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hagihara
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Horikawa
- Department of Neuroinformatics, ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Irino
- Division of Evidence-based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hironori K Nakamura
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Division of Metabolomics Research, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Kamitani
- Department of Neuroinformatics, ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
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Alexander CJ, Wagner W, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Hammer JA. Creation of a myosin Va-TAP-tagged mouse and identification of potential myosin Va-interacting proteins in the cerebellum. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2019; 75:395-409. [PMID: 29979496 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The actin-based motor myosin Va transports numerous cargos, including the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) and melanosomes in melanocytes. Identifying proteins that interact with this myosin is key to understanding its cellular functions. Toward that end, we used recombineering to insert via homologous recombination a tandem affinity purification (TAP) tag composed of the immunoglobulin G-binding domain of protein A, a tobacco etch virus cleavage site, and a FLAG tag into the mouse MYO5A locus immediately after the initiation codon. Importantly, we provide evidence that the TAP-tagged version of myosin Va (TAP-MyoVa) functions normally in terms of SER transport in PNs and melanosome positioning in melanocytes. Given this and other evidence that TAP-MyoVa is fully functional, we purified it together with associated proteins directly from juvenile mouse cerebella and subjected the samples to mass spectroscopic analyses. As expected, known myosin Va-binding partners like dynein light chain were identified. Importantly, numerous novel interacting proteins were also tentatively identified, including guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha (Gnao1), a biomarker for schizophrenia. Consistently, an antibody to Gnao1 immunoprecipitates myosin Va, and Gnao1's localization to PN dendritic spines depends on myosin Va. The mouse model created here should facilitate the identification of novel myosin Va-binding partners, which in turn should advance our understanding of the roles played by this important myosin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Alexander
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), Department of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Neal G Copeland
- The University of Texas MD Anderson, Department of Genetics, Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nancy A Jenkins
- The University of Texas MD Anderson, Department of Genetics, Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - John A Hammer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Jiang J, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Zahra A, Long C, Yang L. Exposure to prenatal antidepressant alters medial prefrontal-striatal synchronization in mice. Brain Res 2019; 1717:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li H, Zhou DS, Chang H, Wang L, Liu W, Dai SX, Zhang C, Cai J, Liu W, Li X, Fan W, Tang W, Tang W, Liu F, He Y, Bai Y, Hu Z, Xiao X, Gao L, Li M. Interactome Analyses implicated CAMK2A in the genetic predisposition and pharmacological mechanism of Bipolar Disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 115:165-175. [PMID: 31150948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BPD) is a severe mental illness characterized by fluctuations in mood states, behaviors and energy levels. Growing evidence suggests that genes associated with specific illnesses tend to interact together and encode a tight protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, providing valuable information for understanding their pathogenesis. To gain insights into the genetic and physiological foundation of BPD, we conduct the physical PPI analysis of 184 BPD risk genes distilled from genome-wide association studies and exome sequencing studies. We have identified several hub genes (CAMK2A, HSP90AA1 and PLCG1) among those risk genes, and observed significant enrichment of the BPD risk genes in certain pathways such as calcium signaling, oxytocin signaling and circadian entrainment. Furthermore, while none of the 184 genetic risk genes are "well established" BPD drug targets, our PPI analysis showed that αCaMKII (encoded by CAMK2A) had direct physical PPIs with targets (HRH1, SCN5A and CACNA1E) of clinically used anti-manic BPD drugs, such as carbamazepine. We thus speculated that αCaMKII might be involved in the cellular pharmacological actions of those drugs. Using cultured rat primary cortical neurons, we found that carbamazepine treatment induced phosphorylation of αCaMKII in dose-dependent manners. Intriguingly, previous study showed that CAMK2A heterozygous knockout (CAMK2A+/-) mice exhibited infradian oscillation of locomotor activities that can be rescued by carbamazepine. Our data, in combination with previous studies, provide convergent evidence for the involvement of CAMK2A in the risk of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Weipeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shao-Xing Dai
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weixing Fan
- Jinhua Second Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxin Tang
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanfang He
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhonghua Hu
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; (m)CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Song Q, Fan C, Wang P, Li Y, Yang M, Yu SY. Hippocampal CA1 βCaMKII mediates neuroinflammatory responses via COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways in depression. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:338. [PMID: 30526621 PMCID: PMC6286788 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation has recently emerged as a critical risk factor in the pathophysiology of depression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic strategies as means to target these inflammatory pathways for use in the treatment of depression remain unresolved. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the molecular events of neuroinflammation as related to its induction of depression-like behaviors. Methods Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce depression-like behaviors in rats. The inflammatory factors and related proteins were verified by RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence assay. In vivo intracerebral injection of adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) in rats was used to overexpress or block the function of the β form of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (βCaMKII). In vivo intracerebroventricular injection of SB203580 was used to block p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Finally, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration was verified by using enzyme-linked assay kit. Results The expression of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, which is responsible for production of the pro-inflammatory factor PGE2 and thus glial activation, was increased in the CA1 hippocampus in a rat model of depression. Further, the βCaMKII in CA1 was significantly upregulated in depressed rats, while antidepressant treatment downregulated this kinase. Overexpression of βCaMKII via infusion of a constructed AAV-βCaMKII into the CA1 region resulted in phosphorylation of the p38 MAPK and the activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2). These effects were accompanied by an enhanced activity of the COX-2/PGE2 pathway and effectively induced core symptoms of depression. Conversely, knockdown of βCaMKII within the CA1 region reversed these inflammation-related biochemical parameters and significantly rescued depression symptoms. Conclusion These results demonstrate that βCaMKII can act as a critical regulator in depression via activating neuroinflammatory pathways within the CA1 region. Moreover, this study provides new perspectives on molecular targets and drug therapies for future investigation in the treatment of depression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1377-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Song
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqin Fan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Yan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Corrêa-Velloso JC, Gonçalves MC, Naaldijk Y, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Pillat MM, Ulrich H. Pathophysiology in the comorbidity of Bipolar Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease: pharmacological and stem cell approaches. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:34-53. [PMID: 28476640 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders involve various pathological mechanisms, resulting in neurodegeneration and brain atrophy. Neurodevelopmental processes have shown to be critical for the progression of those disorders, which are based on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms as well as on extrinsic factors. We review here common mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of Bipolar Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease, such as aberrant neurogenesis and neurotoxicity, reporting current therapeutic approaches. The understanding of these mechanisms precedes stem cell-based strategies as a new therapeutic possibility for treatment and prevention of Bipolar and Alzheimer's Disease progression. Taking into account the difficulty of studying the molecular basis of disease progression directly in patients, we also discuss the importance of stem cells for effective drug screening, modeling and treating psychiatric diseases, once in vitro differentiation of patient-induced pluripotent stem cells provides relevant information about embryonic origins, intracellular pathways and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C Corrêa-Velloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Cb Gonçalves
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurociências, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ágatha Oliveira-Giacomelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Micheli M Pillat
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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9
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Shi S, Ueda HR. Ca 2+ -Dependent Hyperpolarization Pathways in Sleep Homeostasis and Mental Disorders. Bioessays 2017; 40. [PMID: 29205420 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although we are beginning to understand the neuronal and biochemical nature of sleep regulation, questions remain about how sleep is homeostatically regulated. Beyond its importance in basic physiology, understanding sleep may also shed light on psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Recent genetic studies in mammals revealed several non-secretory proteins that determine sleep duration. Interestingly, genes identified in these studies are closely related to psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting that the sleep-wake cycle shares some common mechanisms with these disorders. Here we review recent sleep studies, including reverse and forward genetic studies, from the perspectives of sleep duration and homeostasis. We then introduce a recent hypothesis for mammalian sleep in which the fast and slow Ca2+ -dependent hyperpolarization pathways are pivotal in generating the SWS firing pattern and regulating sleep homeostasis, respectively. Finally, we propose that these intracellular pathways are potential therapeutic targets for achieving depolarization/hyperpolarization (D/H) balance in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoi Shi
- Dr. S. Shi, Prof. H. R. Ueda, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Dr. S. Shi, Prof. H. R. Ueda, Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Prof. H. R. Ueda, Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-5241, Japan
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10
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Ramos-Hryb AB, Cunha MP, Pazini FL, Lieberknecht V, Prediger RDS, Kaster MP, Rodrigues ALS. Ursolic acid affords antidepressant-like effects in mice through the activation of PKA, PKC, CAMK-II and MEK1/2. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1240-1246. [PMID: 29128805 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ursolic acid has been shown to display antidepressant-like effects in mice through the modulation of monoaminergic systems. In this study, we sought to investigate the involvement of signaling pathways on the antidepressant-like effects of ursolic acid. METHODS Mice were treated orally with ursolic acid (0.1mg/kg) and, 45min later they received the followings inhibitors by intracerebroventricular route: H-89 (PKA inhibitor, 1μg/mouse), KN-62 (CAMK-II inhibitor, 1μg/mouse), chelerythrine (PKC inhibitor, 1μg/mouse), U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor, 5μg/mouse), PD98059 (MEK1/2 inhibitor, 5μg/mouse), wortmannin (PI3K irreversible inhibitor, 0.1μg/mouse) or LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor, 10 nmol/mouse). Immobility time of mice was registered in the tail suspension test (TST). RESULTS The anti-immobility effect of ursolic acid in the TST was abolished by the treatment of mice with H-89, KN-62, chelerythrine, U0126 or PD98059, but not with wortmannin or LY294002. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that activation of PKA, PKC, CAMK-II, MEK1/2 may underlie the antidepressant-like effects of ursolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Ramos-Hryb
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mauricio P Cunha
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Francis L Pazini
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Vicente Lieberknecht
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rui D S Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Manuella P Kaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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11
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Pinto Brod LM, Fronza MG, Vargas JP, Lüdtke DS, Brüning CA, Savegnago L. Modulation of PKA, PKC, CAMKII, ERK 1/2 pathways is involved in the acute antidepressant-like effect of (octylseleno)-xylofuranoside (OSX) in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:717-725. [PMID: 27995278 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4505-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE (Octylseleno)-xylofuranoside (OSX) is an organoselenium compound from the class of alkylseleno carbohydrates possessing a C8 alkyl chain. Members of this class of organoselenium compounds have promising pharmacological activities, among them are antioxidant and acute antidepressant-like activities with the involvement of monoaminergic system, as previously presented by our research group. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the possible involvement of cellular signalling pathways in the antidepressant-like effect caused by OSX (0.01 mg/kg, oral route (p.o.) by gavage) in the tail suspension test (TST) in mice. METHODS Mice were treated by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection either with vehicle or with H-89 (1 μg/site i.c.v., an inhibitor of protein kinase A-PKA), KN-62 (1 μg/site i.c.v., an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-CAMKII), chelerythrine (1 μg/site i.c.v., an inhibitor of protein kinase C-PKC) or PD098059 (5 μg/site i.c.v., an inhibitor of extracellular-regulated protein kinase 1/2-ERK1/2). Fifteen minutes after, vehicle or OSX was injected, and 30 min later, the TST and open field tests (OFT) were carried out. RESULTS The antidepressant-like effect of orally administered OSX was blocked by treatment of the mice with H-89, KN-62, chelerythrine and PD098059; all inhibitors of signalling proteins involved with neurotrophic signalling pathways. The number of crossings in the OFT was not altered by treatment with OSX and/or signalling antagonists. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that OSX showed an antidepressant-like effect in the TST in mice through the activation of protein kinases PKA, PKC, CAMKII and ERK1/2 that are involved in intracellular signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimar M Pinto Brod
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, PPGBiotec, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia - GPN, CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Fronza
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, PPGBiotec, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia - GPN, CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Pinto Vargas
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Diogo S Lüdtke
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - César Augusto Brüning
- Núcleo de Síntese, Aplicação e Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Inorgânicos, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, PPGBiotec, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia - GPN, CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, PPGBBio, Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia - GPN, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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12
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Hagihara H, Horikawa T, Nakamura HK, Umemori J, Shoji H, Kamitani Y, Miyakawa T. Circadian Gene Circuitry Predicts Hyperactive Behavior in a Mood Disorder Mouse Model. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2784-96. [PMID: 27028761 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, causes swings in mood and activity levels at irregular intervals. Such changes are difficult to predict, and their molecular basis remains unknown. Here, we use infradian (longer than a day) cyclic activity levels in αCaMKII (Camk2a) mutant mice as a proxy for such mood-associated changes. We report that gene-expression patterns in the hippocampal dentate gyrus could retrospectively predict whether the mice were in a state of high or low locomotor activity (LA). Expression of a subset of circadian genes, as well as levels of cAMP and pCREB, possible upstream regulators of circadian genes, were correlated with LA states, suggesting that the intrinsic molecular circuitry changes concomitant with infradian oscillatory LA. Taken together, these findings shed light onto the molecular basis of how irregular biological rhythms and behavior are controlled by the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hagihara
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Horikawa
- ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan
| | - Hironori K Nakamura
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Juzoh Umemori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yukiyasu Kamitani
- ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan; Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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13
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Hagihara H, Shoji H, Miyakawa T. Immaturity of brain as an endophenotype of neuropsychiatric disorders. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2016; 148:168-175. [PMID: 27725563 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.148.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Kang E, Wen Z, Song H, Christian KM, Ming GL. Adult Neurogenesis and Psychiatric Disorders. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:cshperspect.a019026. [PMID: 26801682 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a019026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders continue to be among the most challenging disorders to diagnose and treat because there is no single genetic or anatomical locus that is causative for the disease. Current treatments are often blunt tools used to ameliorate the most severe symptoms, at the risk of disrupting functional neural systems. There is a critical need to develop new therapeutic strategies that can target circumscribed functional or anatomical domains of pathology. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis may be one such domain. Here, we review the evidence suggesting that adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays a role in emotional regulation and forms of learning and memory that include temporal and spatial memory encoding and context discrimination, and that its dysregulation is associated with psychiatric disorders, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Further, adult neurogenesis has proven to be an effective model to investigate basic processes of neuronal development and converging evidence suggests that aberrant neural development may be an etiological factor, even in late-onset diseases. Constitutive neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the mature brain reflects large-scale plasticity unique to this region and could be a potential hub for modulation of a subset of cognitive and affective behaviors that are affected by multiple psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunchai Kang
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Kimberly M Christian
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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15
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Fuchsova B, Alvarez Juliá A, Rizavi HS, Frasch AC, Pandey GN. Altered expression of neuroplasticity-related genes in the brain of depressed suicides. Neuroscience 2015; 299:1-17. [PMID: 25934039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of the neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6a (GPM6A), the proteolipid protein (PLP/DM20) family member, is downregulated in the hippocampus of chronically stressed animals. Its neuroplastic function involves a role in neurite formation, filopodium outgrowth and synaptogenesis through an unknown mechanism. Disruptions in neuroplasticity mechanisms have been shown to play a significant part in the etiology of depression. Thus, the current investigation examined whether GPM6A expression is also altered in human depressed brain. METHODS Expression levels and coexpression patterns of GPM6A, GPM6B, and PLP1 (two other members of PLP/DM20 family) as well as of the neuroplasticity-related genes identified to associate with GPM6A were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in postmortem samples from the hippocampus (n = 18) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (n = 25) of depressed suicide victims and compared with control subjects (hippocampus n = 18; PFC n = 25). Neuroplasticity-related proteins that form complexes with GPM6A were identified by coimmunoprecipitation technique followed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Results indicated transcriptional downregulation of GPM6A and GPM6B in the hippocampus of depressed suicides. The expression level of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CAMK2A) and coronin1A (CORO1A) was also significantly decreased. Subsequent analysis of coexpression patterns demonstrated coordinated gene expression in the hippocampus and in the PFC indicating that the function of these genes might be coregulated in the human brain. However, in the brain of depressed suicides this coordinated response was disrupted. CONCLUSIONS Disruption of coordinated gene expression as well as abnormalities in GPM6A and GPM6B expression and expression of the components of GPM6A complexes were detected in the brain of depressed suicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fuchsova
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, CONICET-UNSAM, 1650 San Martin, Argentina.
| | - A Alvarez Juliá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, CONICET-UNSAM, 1650 San Martin, Argentina
| | - H S Rizavi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - A C Frasch
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, CONICET-UNSAM, 1650 San Martin, Argentina
| | - G N Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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16
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Robison AJ. Emerging role of CaMKII in neuropsychiatric disease. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:653-62. [PMID: 25087161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been known for decades that hippocampal calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays an essential role in learning and memory consolidation, the roles of CaMKII in other brain regions are only recently being explored in depth. A series of recent studies suggest that CaMKII dysfunction throughout the brain may underlie myriad neuropsychiatric disorders, including drug addiction, schizophrenia, depression, epilepsy, and multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, perhaps through maladaptations in glutamate signaling and neuroplasticity. I review here the structure, function, subcellular localization, and expression patterns of CaMKII isoforms, as well as recent advances demonstrating that disturbances in these properties may contribute to psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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17
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de Bartolomeis A, Buonaguro EF, Iasevoli F, Tomasetti C. The emerging role of dopamine-glutamate interaction and of the postsynaptic density in bipolar disorder pathophysiology: Implications for treatment. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:505-26. [PMID: 24554693 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114523864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant synaptic plasticity, originating from abnormalities in dopamine and/or glutamate transduction pathways, may contribute to the complex clinical manifestations of bipolar disorder (BD). Dopamine and glutamate systems cross-talk at multiple levels, such as at the postsynaptic density (PSD). The PSD is a structural and functional protein mesh implicated in dopamine and glutamate-mediated synaptic plasticity. Proteins at PSD have been demonstrated to be involved in mood disorders pathophysiology and to be modulated by antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. On the other side, post-receptor effectors such as protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), which are implicated in both molecular abnormalities and treatment of BD, may interact with PSD proteins, and participate in the interplay of the dopamine-glutamate signalling pathway. In this review, we describe emerging evidence on the molecular cross-talk between dopamine and glutamate signalling in BD pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment, mainly focusing on dysfunctions in PSD molecules. We also aim to discuss future therapeutic strategies that could selectively target the PSD-mediated signalling cascade at the crossroads of dopamine-glutamate neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta F Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Miyake S, Tajinda K, Matsumoto MM. [Strategy of target validation from a novel risk factor of schizophrenia / bipolar disorder]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2013; 142:271-5. [PMID: 24334924 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.142.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li K, Zhou T, Liao L, Yang Z, Wong C, Henn F, Malinow R, Yates JR, Hu H. βCaMKII in lateral habenula mediates core symptoms of depression. Science 2013; 341:1016-20. [PMID: 23990563 PMCID: PMC3932364 DOI: 10.1126/science.1240729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) has recently emerged as a key brain region in the pathophysiology of depression. However, the molecular mechanism by which LHb becomes hyperactive in depression remains unknown. Through a quantitative proteomic screen, we found that expression of the β form of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (βCaMΚΙΙ) was significantly up-regulated in the LHb of animal models of depression and down-regulated by antidepressants. Increasing β-, but not α-, CaMKII in the LHb strongly enhanced the synaptic efficacy and spike output of LHb neurons and was sufficient to produce profound depressive symptoms, including anhedonia and behavioral despair. Down-regulation of βCaMKII levels, blocking its activity or its target molecule the glutamate receptor GluR1 reversed the depressive symptoms. These results identify βCaMKII as a powerful regulator of LHb neuron function and a key molecular determinant of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Lujian Liao
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhongfei Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Catherine Wong
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Fritz Henn
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Roberto Malinow
- University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - John R. Yates
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hailan Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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Murck H. Ketamine, magnesium and major depression--from pharmacology to pathophysiology and back. J Psychiatr Res 2013; 47:955-65. [PMID: 23541145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The glutamatergic mechanism of antidepressant treatments is now in the center of research to overcome the limitations of monoamine-based approaches. There are several unresolved issues. For the action of the model compound, ketamine, NMDA-receptor block, AMPA-receptor activation and BDNF release appear to be involved in a mechanism, which leads to synaptic sprouting and strengthened synaptic connections. The link to the pathophysiology of depression is not clear. An overlooked connection is the role of magnesium, which acts as physiological NMDA-receptor antagonist: 1. There is overlap between the actions of ketamine with that of high doses of magnesium in animal models, finally leading to synaptic sprouting. 2. Magnesium and ketamine lead to synaptic strengthening, as measured by an increase in slow wave sleep in humans. 3. Pathophysiological mechanisms, which have been identified as risk factors for depression, lead to a reduction of (intracellular) magnesium. These are neuroendocrine changes (increased cortisol and aldosterone) and diabetes mellitus as well as Mg(2+) deficiency. 4. Patients with therapy refractory depression appear to have lower CNS Mg(2+) levels in comparison to health controls. 5. Experimental Mg(2+) depletion leads to depression- and anxiety like behavior in animal models. 6. Ketamine, directly or indirectly via non-NMDA glutamate receptor activation, acts to increase brain Mg(2+) levels. Similar effects have been observed with other classes of antidepressants. 7. Depressed patients with low Mg(2+) levels tend to be therapy refractory. Accordingly, administration of Mg(2+) either alone or in combination with standard antidepressants acts synergistically on depression like behavior in animal models. CONCLUSION On the basis of the potential pathophysiological role of Mg(2+)-regulation, it may be possible to predict the action of ketamine and of related compounds based on Mg(2+) levels. Furthermore, screening for compounds to increase neuronal Mg(2+) concentration could be a promising instrument to identify new classes of antidepressants. Overall, any discussion of the glutamatergic system in affective disorders should consider the role of Mg(2+).
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Shin R, Kobayashi K, Hagihara H, Kogan JH, Miyake S, Tajinda K, Walton NM, Gross AK, Heusner CL, Chen Q, Tamura K, Miyakawa T, Matsumoto M. The immature dentate gyrus represents a shared phenotype of mouse models of epilepsy and psychiatric disease. Bipolar Disord 2013; 15:405-21. [PMID: 23560889 PMCID: PMC3752967 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is accumulating evidence to suggest psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, share common etiologies, pathophysiologies, genetics, and drug responses with many of the epilepsies. Here, we explored overlaps in cellular/molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioral phenotypes between putative mouse models of bipolar disorder/schizophrenia and epilepsy. We tested the hypothesis that an immature dentate gyrus (iDG), whose association with psychosis in patients has recently been reported, represents a common phenotype of both diseases. METHODS Behaviors of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (α-CaMKII) heterozygous knock-out (KO) mice, which are a representative bipolar disorder/schizophrenia model displaying iDG, and pilocarpine-treated mice, which are a representative epilepsy model, were tested followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)/immunohistochemistry for mRNA/protein expression associated with an iDG phenotype. In vitro electrophysiology of dentate gyrus granule cells (DG GCs) was examined in pilocarpine-treated epileptic mice. RESULTS The two disease models demonstrated similar behavioral deficits, such as hyperactivity, poor working memory performance, and social withdrawal. Significant reductions in mRNA expression and immunoreactivity of the mature neuronal marker calbindin and concomitant increases in mRNA expression and immunoreactivity of the immature neuronal marker calretinin represent iDG signatures that are present in both mice models. Electrophysiologically, we have confirmed that DG GCs from pilocarpine-treated mice represent an immature state. A significant decrease in hippocampal α-CaMKII protein levels was also found in both models. CONCLUSIONS Our data have shown iDG signatures from mouse models of both bipolar disorder/schizophrenia and epilepsy. The evidence suggests that the iDG may, in part, be responsible for the abnormal behavioral phenotype, and that the underlying pathophysiologies in epilepsy and bipolar disorder/schizophrenia are strikingly similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Shin
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | - Katsunori Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical SchoolTokyo, Japan,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologySaitama, Japan
| | - Hideo Hagihara
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityAichi, Japan
| | - Jeffrey H Kogan
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | - Shinichi Miyake
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | | | - Noah M Walton
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | - Adam K Gross
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | | | - Qian Chen
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- CNS, Astellas Research Institute of America LLCSkokie, IL, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityAichi, Japan
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Hong S, Chen X, Jin L, Xiong M. Canonical correlation analysis for RNA-seq co-expression networks. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:e95. [PMID: 23460206 PMCID: PMC3632131 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital transcriptome analysis by next-generation sequencing discovers substantial mRNA variants. Variation in gene expression underlies many biological processes and holds a key to unravelling mechanism of common diseases. However, the current methods for construction of co-expression networks using overall gene expression are originally designed for microarray expression data, and they overlook a large number of variations in gene expressions. To use information on exon, genomic positional level and allele-specific expressions, we develop novel component-based methods, single and bivariate canonical correlation analysis, for construction of co-expression networks with RNA-seq data. To evaluate the performance of our methods for co-expression network inference with RNA-seq data, they are applied to lung squamous cell cancer expression data from TCGA database and our bipolar disorder and schizophrenia RNA-seq study. The preliminary results demonstrate that the co-expression networks constructed by canonical correlation analysis and RNA-seq data provide rich genetic and molecular information to gain insight into biological processes and disease mechanism. Our new methods substantially outperform the current statistical methods for co-expression network construction with microarray expression data or RNA-seq data based on overall gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Toyoda A, Iio W. Antidepressant-Like Effect of Chronic Taurine Administration and Its Hippocampal Signal Transduction in Rats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 775:29-43. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6130-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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24
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Iio W, Matsukawa N, Tsukahara T, Toyoda A. The effects of oral taurine administration on behavior and hippocampal signal transduction in rats. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2037-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Migración neuronal, apoptosis y trastorno bipolar. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2012; 5:127-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Jürgenson M, Aonurm-Helm A, Zharkovsky A. Partial reduction in neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in heterozygous mice induces depression-related behaviour without cognitive impairment. Brain Res 2012; 1447:106-18. [PMID: 22361116 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) plays an important role in brain plasticity. Using mice deficient in all isoforms of NCAM we have previously demonstrated that constitutive deficiency in the NCAM gene (NCAM-/-) resulted in cognitive impairment, anhedonic behaviour and a reduced ability to cope with stress. This was accompanied by reduced basal phosphorylation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and reduced phosphorylation of calcium-calmodulin kinase (CaMK) II and IV and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). The present study was aimed to investigate how partial deficiency in NCAM in mice (NCAM+/-) affected phenotype. We found that NCAM+/- mice showed a longer period of immobility in the tail suspension test, increased latency to feed in the novelty-suppressed feeding test and reduced preference for sucrose in sucrose preference test. Both NCAM+/- and NCAM-/- mice showed reduced extinction of contextual fear. In contrast to NCAM-/- mice, NCAM+/- mice did not demonstrate memory impairment in either object recognition or contextual fear conditioning tests. Levels of phosphorylated FGFR1 in the hippocampus and prefrontal/frontal cortex of NCAM+/- mice were partially reduced and no changes in the phosphorylation of CaMKII, CaMKIV or CREB in the hippocampus were found. We conclude that a constitutive partial reduction in NCAM proteins results in a behavioural phenotype related to depression without impairment in cognitive functions, also affecting the level of FGFR1 phosphorylation without major alterations in CaMKII and CaMKIV intracellular signalling. Partial reduction in FGFR1 phosphorylation might explain the observed behavioural phenotype in NCAM+/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jürgenson
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Excellence for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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Schneider JS, Mettil W, Anderson DW. Differential effect of postnatal lead exposure on gene expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 47:76-88. [PMID: 22160880 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although developmental lead exposure is known to have detrimental effects on a variety of cognitive functions that depend on the integrity of the hippocampus and frontal cortex, little is known about how low levels of lead exposure affect expression of key families of genes in these structures. The present study examined the effects of exposure to environmentally relevant levels of lead during the sensitive early post-weaning period in the rat on the expression profiles of a select number of neurobiologically relevant genes (i.e., genes for neurotrophic factors, NMDA receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, synaptic function/plasticity, cell signaling, and transcription/regulation) in the rat hippocampus and frontal cortex. Exposure to lead (180 and 375-ppm lead acetate in food for 30 days) significantly increased blood lead levels (5.8 to 10.3 μg/dl) and significantly affected expression of many of the genes examined. In many instances, lead exposure had different effects on the same gene depending on the brain region in which the expression of that gene was examined. Gene expression in the frontal cortex was often more sensitive to modification than gene expression in the hippocampus. These results suggest that even past infancy, exposures to low levels of lead can have significant effects on gene expression in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus with the potential to exert long-term effects on behavior and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, 521 JAH, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Jian XQ, Wang KS, Wu TJ, Hillhouse JJ, Mullersman JE. Association of ADAM10 and CAMK2A polymorphisms with conduct disorder: evidence from family-based studies. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 39:773-82. [PMID: 21611732 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-011-9524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Twin and family studies have shown that genetic factors play a role in the development of conduct disorder (CD). The purpose of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with CD using a family-based association study. We used 4,720 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Illumina Panel and 11,120 SNPs from the Affymetrix 10K GeneChips genotyped in 155 Caucasian nuclear families from Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 14, a subset from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). 20 SNPs had suggestive associations with CD (p<10(-3)), nine of which were located in known genes, including ADAM10 (rs383902, p=0.00036) and CAMK2A (rs2053053, p=0.00098). Our results were verified using the International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project (IMAGE) dataset. In conclusion, we identified several loci associated with CD. Especially, the two genes (ADAM10 and CAMK2A) have been reported to be associated with Alzheimer's disease, bipolar disorder and depression. These findings may serve as a resource for replication in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qiu Jian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, PO BOX 70259, Lamb Hall, Johnson City, TN 37614-1700, USA
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Patel SD, Le-Niculescu H, Koller DL, Green SD, Lahiri DK, McMahon FJ, Nurnberger JI, Niculescu AB. Coming to grips with complex disorders: genetic risk prediction in bipolar disorder using panels of genes identified through convergent functional genomics. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:850-77. [PMID: 20468069 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously proposed and provided proof of principle for the use of a complementary approach, convergent functional genomics (CFG), combining gene expression and genetic data, from human and animal model studies, as a way of mining the existing GWAS datasets for signals that are there already, but did not reach significance using a genetics-only approach [Le-Niculescu et al., 2009b]. CFG provides a fit-to-disease prioritization of genes that leads to generalizability in independent cohorts, and counterbalances the fit-to-cohort prioritization inherent in classic genetic-only approaches, which have been plagued by poor reproducibility across cohorts. We have now extended our previous work to include more datasets of GWAS, and more recent evidence from other lines of work. In essence our analysis is the most comprehensive integration of genetics and functional genomics to date in the field of bipolar disorder. Biological pathway analyses identified top canonical pathways, and epistatic interaction testing inside these pathways has identified genes that merit future follow-up as direct interactors (intra-pathway epistasis, INPEP). Moreover, we have put together a panel of best P-value single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), based on the top candidate genes we identified. We have developed a genetic risk prediction score (GRPS) based on our panel, and demonstrate how in two independent test cohorts the GRPS differentiates between subjects with bipolar disorder and normal controls, in both European-American and African-American populations. Lastly, we describe a prototype of how such testing could be used to categorize disease risk in individuals and aid personalized medicine approaches, in psychiatry and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Yosifova A, Mushiroda T, Stoianov D, Vazharova R, Dimova I, Karachanak S, Zaharieva I, Milanova V, Madjirova N, Gerdjikov I, Tolev T, Velkova S, Kirov G, Owen MJ, O'Donovan MC, Toncheva D, Nakamura Y. Case-control association study of 65 candidate genes revealed a possible association of a SNP of HTR5A to be a factor susceptible to bipolar disease in Bulgarian population. J Affect Disord 2009; 117:87-97. [PMID: 19328558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar affective disorder (BAD) is a psychiatric illness characterized by episodes of mania and depression. Although the etiology is not clear, epidemiological studies suggest it is a result of an interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Despite of enormous efforts and abundant studies conducted, none has yet been identified definitively a gene susceptible to bipolar disorder. METHODS Ninety-four Bulgarian patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and 184 Bulgarian healthy individuals, were used for genotyping of 191 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by TaqMan and/or Invader assays. Seventeen SNPs that revealed P value less than 0.05 in the first screening were genotyped using an additional independent set of samples, consisting of 78 BAD cases and 372 controls. RESULTS After applying the Bonferonni correction on genotyping results of 172 cases and 556 controls, only one SNP, rs1800883, in the HTR5A gene revealed a significant level of P value (P=0.000097; odds ratio=1.80 (95%CI, 1.27-2.54); corrected P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that HTR5A gene could play an important role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder in our population. However these findings should be viewed with caution and replication studies in other populations are necessary in support of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Yosifova
- Laboratory for International Alliance, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Le-Niculescu H, Patel SD, Bhat M, Kuczenski R, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, McMahon FJ, Schork NJ, Nurnberger JI, Niculescu AB. Convergent functional genomics of genome-wide association data for bipolar disorder: comprehensive identification of candidate genes, pathways and mechanisms. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:155-81. [PMID: 19025758 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Given the mounting convergent evidence implicating many more genes in complex disorders such as bipolar disorder than the small number identified unambiguously by the first-generation Genome-Wide Association studies (GWAS) to date, there is a strong need for improvements in methodology. One strategy is to include in the next generation GWAS larger numbers of subjects, and/or to pool independent studies into meta-analyses. We propose and provide proof of principle for the use of a complementary approach, convergent functional genomics (CFG), as a way of mining the existing GWAS datasets for signals that are there already, but did not reach significance using a genetics-only approach. With the CFG approach, the integration of genetics with genomics, of human and animal model data, and of multiple independent lines of evidence converging on the same genes offers a way of extracting signal from noise and prioritizing candidates. In essence our analysis is the most comprehensive integration of genetics and functional genomics to date in the field of bipolar disorder, yielding a series of novel (such as Klf12, Aldh1a1, A2bp1, Ak3l1, Rorb, Rora) and previously known (such as Bdnf, Arntl, Gsk3b, Disc1, Nrg1, Htr2a) candidate genes, blood biomarkers, as well as a comprehensive identification of pathways and mechanisms. These become prime targets for hypothesis driven follow-up studies, new drug development and personalized medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Le-Niculescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Han F, Nakano T, Yamamoto Y, Shioda N, Lu YM, Fukunaga K. Improvement of depressive behaviors by nefiracetam is associated with activation of CaM kinases in olfactory bulbectomized mice. Brain Res 2009; 1265:205-14. [PMID: 19233146 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice exhibit depressive-like behaviors as assessed by the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swim test (FST). Interestingly, chronic intraperitoneal administration (1 mg/kg/day) of nefiracetam (DM-9384), a prototype cognitive enhancer, significantly improved depressive-like behaviors as well as spatial reference memory assessed by Y-maze task. As previously reported (Moriguchi, S., Han, F., Nakagawasai, O., Tadano, T., Fukunaga, K., 2006. Decreased calcium/calmoculin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinase C activities mediate impairment of hippocampal long-term potentiation in the olfactory bulbectomized mice. J. Neurochem. 97, 22-29), decreased activities of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the hippocampal CA1 region and amygdala were observed in OBX mice. Nefiracetam treatment (1 mg/kg/day) significantly elevated CaMKII but not ERK activities in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex and hippocampal CA1 regions. In addition, we found an elevation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex but not in the hippocampal CA1 region. Increased CREB phosphorylation was associated with activation of CaMKI and CaMKIV as well as CaMKII in these regions. Taken together, in addition to CaMKII, CaMKI and CaMKIV activation mediated by nefiracetam treatment might mediate CREB phosphorylation following chronic nefiracetam treatment, thereby eliciting an anti-depressive and cognition-enhancing effect on OBX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine if there is evidence to support the hypothesis that schizophrenia is a human-specific disorder associated with the need for highly complex central nervous system (CNS) development. A review was therefore undertaken of published literature relevant to the identification of human-specific CNS development. There was no clear evidence found at the macroscopic, microscopic or molecular level that suggests unique changes have occurred in the evolution of the human CNS. Rather, highly significant changes in the size of the frontal lobe, increases in numbers of specific cell types, changes in gene expression and changes in genome sequence all seem to be involved in the evolution of the human CNS. Human-specific changes in CNS development are wide ranging. The modification in CNS structure and function that has resulted from these changes affects many pathways and behaviours that appear to be also affected in subjects with schizophrenia. Therefore there is evidence to support the hypothesis that schizophrenia is a disease that develops because of derangements to human-specific CNS functions that have emerged since our species diverged from non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dean
- Rebecca L. Cooper Research Laboratories, Mental Health Research Institute, Vic., Australia.
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35
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Donohoe DR, Phan T, Weeks K, Aamodt EJ, Dwyer DS. Antipsychotic drugs up-regulate tryptophan hydroxylase in ADF neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans: role of calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and transient receptor potential vanilloid channel. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:2553-63. [PMID: 18438926 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs produce acute behavioral effects through antagonism of dopamine and serotonin receptors, and long-term adaptive responses that are not well understood. The goal of the study presented here was to use Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate the molecular mechanism or mechanisms that contribute to adaptive responses produced by antipsychotic drugs. First-generation antipsychotics, trifluoperazine and fluphenazine, and second-generation drugs, clozapine and olanzapine, increased the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-1::green fluorescent protein (TPH-1::GFP) and serotonin in the ADF neurons of C. elegans. This response was absent or diminished in mutant strains lacking the transient receptor potential vanilloid channel (TRPV; osm-9) or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII; unc-43). The role of calcium signaling was further implicated by the finding that a selective antagonist of calmodulin and a calcineurin inhibitor also enhanced TPH-1::GFP expression. The ADF neurons modulate foraging behavior (turns/reversals off food) through serotonin production. We found that short-term exposure to the antipsychotic drugs altered the frequency of turns/reversals off food. This response was mediated through dopamine and serotonin receptors and was abolished in serotonin-deficient mutants (tph-1) and strains lacking the SER-1 and MOD-1 serotonin receptors. Consistent with the increase in serotonin in the ADF neurons induced by the drugs, drug withdrawal after 24-hr treatment was accompanied by a rebound in the number of turns/reversals, which demonstrates behavioral adaptation in serotonergic systems. Characterization of the cellular, molecular, and behavioral adaptations to continuous exposure to antipsychotic drugs may provide insight into the long-term clinical effects of these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas R Donohoe
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA
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36
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Suda S, Segi-Nishida E, Newton SS, Duman RS. A postpartum model in rat: behavioral and gene expression changes induced by ovarian steroid deprivation. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64:311-9. [PMID: 18471802 PMCID: PMC3714803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum depression (PPD) affects approximately 10% to 20% of women during the first 4 weeks of the postpartum period and is characterized by labile mood with prominent anxiety and irritability, insomnia, and depressive mood. During the postpartum period, elevated ovarian hormones abruptly decrease to the early follicular phase levels that are postulated to play a major role in triggering PPD. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to PPD have not been determined. METHODS In the present study, we examined the effect of ovarian steroids, administered at levels that occur during human pregnancy followed by rapid withdrawal to simulate postpartum conditions, on behavior and gene expression in the rat. RESULTS The results of behavioral testing reveal that the hormone-simulated postpartum treatment results in the development of a phenotype relevant to PPD, including vulnerability for helplessness, increased anxiety, and aggression. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated transient regulation of several genes, including Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMKII), serotonin transporter (SERT), myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha 4 (GABAARA4), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4), and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) that could underlie these behavioral effects. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide an improved understanding of the effects of withdrawal from high doses of ovarian hormones on behavior and gene expression changes in the brain that could contribute to the pathophysiology of PPD.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Aquaporin 4/genetics
- Aquaporin 4/metabolism
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/genetics
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism
- Depression, Postpartum/etiology
- Depression, Postpartum/genetics
- Depression, Postpartum/psychology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Exploratory Behavior/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/physiology
- Helplessness, Learned
- MEF2 Transcription Factors
- Maze Learning/drug effects
- Maze Learning/physiology
- Myogenic Regulatory Factors/genetics
- Myogenic Regulatory Factors/metabolism
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Ovariectomy/methods
- Postpartum Period/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, GABA-A/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism
- Steroids/metabolism
- Swimming
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Suda
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06508, USA
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Le-Niculescu H, McFarland MJ, Ogden CA, Balaraman Y, Patel S, Tan J, Rodd ZA, Paulus M, Geyer MA, Edenberg HJ, Glatt SJ, Faraone SV, Nurnberger JI, Kuczenski R, Tsuang MT, Niculescu AB. Phenomic, convergent functional genomic, and biomarker studies in a stress-reactive genetic animal model of bipolar disorder and co-morbid alcoholism. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:134-66. [PMID: 18247375 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We had previously identified the clock gene D-box binding protein (Dbp) as a potential candidate gene for bipolar disorder and for alcoholism, using a Convergent Functional Genomics (CFG) approach. Here we report that mice with a homozygous deletion of DBP have lower locomotor activity, blunted responses to stimulants, and gain less weight over time. In response to a chronic stress paradigm, these mice exhibit a diametric switch in these phenotypes. DBP knockout mice are also activated by sleep deprivation, similar to bipolar patients, and that activation is prevented by treatment with the mood stabilizer drug valproate. Moreover, these mice show increased alcohol intake following exposure to stress. Microarray studies of brain and blood reveal a pattern of gene expression changes that may explain the observed phenotypes. CFG analysis of the gene expression changes identified a series of novel candidate genes and blood biomarkers for bipolar disorder, alcoholism, and stress reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Le-Niculescu
- Laboratory of Neurophenomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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38
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Mazza M, Di Nicola M, Della Marca G, Janiri L, Bria P, Mazza S. Bipolar disorder and epilepsy: a bidirectional relation? Neurobiological underpinnings, current hypotheses, and future research directions. Neuroscientist 2007; 13:392-404. [PMID: 17644769 DOI: 10.1177/10738584070130041101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that affective disorders in epilepsy represent a common psychiatric comorbidity; however, most of the classic neuropsychiatric literature focuses on depression, which is actually prominent, but little is known about bipolar depression, and very little about mania, in epilepsy. Biochemical, structural, and functional abnormalities in primary bipolar disorder could also occur secondary to seizure disorders. The kindling paradigm, invoked as a model for understanding seizure disorders, has also been applied to the episodic nature of bipolar disorder. In bipolar patients, changes in second-messenger systems, such as G-proteins, phosphatidylinositol, protein kinase C, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, or calcium activity have been described, along with changes in c-fos expression. Common mechanisms at the level of ion channels might include the antikindling and the calcium-antagonistic and potassium outward current-modulating properties of antiepileptic drugs. All these lines of research appear to be converging on a richer understanding of neurobiological underpinnings between bipolar disorder and epilepsy. Mania, which is the other side of the coin in affective disorders, may represent a privileged window into the neurobiology of mood regulation and the neurobiology of epilepsy itself. Future research on intracellular mechanisms might become decisive for a better understanding of the similarities between these two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Mazza
- Institute of Psychiatry, Bipolar Disorders Unit, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
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39
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Cheng XR, Zhou WX, Zhang YX. The effects of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on the gene expression in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:175-81. [PMID: 17337329 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Liuwei Dihuang decoction (LW), a traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, enhances the cognitive function of CNS by significant modulating effects on some of the gene expressions. Expressions of genes, such as DUSP12, NSF, STUB1, CaMKIIalpha, AMFR, UQCRFS1 and other 11 novel genes without any functional clues changed significantly. These genes are involved in the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, the AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) gene family, the serine/threonine protein kinases family, ubiquitin ligase, mitochondrial function and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rui Cheng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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40
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Sasaki T, Han F, Shioda N, Moriguchi S, Kasahara J, Ishiguro K, Fukunaga K. Lithium-induced activation of Akt and CaM kinase II contributes to its neuroprotective action in a rat microsphere embolism model. Brain Res 2006; 1108:98-106. [PMID: 16843447 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2006] [Revised: 06/03/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lithium used in bipolar mood disorder therapy protects neurons from brain ischemic cell death. Here, we documented that lithium administration under microsphere-embolism (ME)-induced brain ischemia restored decreased protein kinase B (Akt) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activities 24 h after ischemia in rat brain. Akt activation was associated with increased phosphorylation of its potential targets forkhead transcription factor (FKHR) and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta). In parallel with decreased CaMKII autophosphorylation, we also found marked dephosphorylation of tau proteins 24-72 h after ME. Increased protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity was found 24 h after ME. Inhibition of increased PP2A activity by lithium treatment apparently mediated restored tau phosphorylation. Taken together, activation of Akt and CaMKII by lithium was associated with neuroprotective activity in ME-induced neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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41
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Xing G, Zhang L, Russell S, Post R. Reduction of dopamine-related transcription factors Nurr1 and NGFI-B in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Schizophr Res 2006; 84:36-56. [PMID: 16631355 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cortical and subcortical dopaminergic activities are among the most consistent neuropathological findings in schizophrenia. The molecular mechanisms remain unspecified. NGFI-B and Nurr1 are two closely related transcription factors involved in dopaminergic cell differentiation, maturation, and apoptosis. NGFI-B knockout mice show attenuated behavioral response to dopamine receptor agonists, whereas Nurr1 knockout disrupts midbrain dopaminergic neuron development. To further understand the role of Nurr1 and NGFI-B in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, we measured Nurr1 and NGFI-B mRNA in the prefrontal cortex Brodmann's areas 9 (BA 9) and BA 46 by in situ hybridization, and the protein levels in BA 9 by Western blotting, of patients with schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorders, and non-psychiatric control subjects (n=15 per group). NGFI-B mRNA (P<0.05) and protein (P<0.01) were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia (BA 9), and NGFI-B mRNA was lower in bipolar disorder (BA 9 and BA 46) than in the controls. In the deep cortical layers of BA 46, Nurr1 mRNA was significantly (P<0.05) lower in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia than in the controls. Nurr1 protein in BA 9 was significantly lower in major depression (P<0.05) and lower at a trend level in schizophrenia (P=0.056) than in the controls. These data show a deficient prefrontal NGFI-B and Nurr1 expression in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Further study may elucidate if and how these deficiencies could be associated with abnormal dopaminergic functions seen in both illnesses.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Bipolar Disorder/genetics
- Bipolar Disorder/metabolism
- Bipolar Disorder/pathology
- Blotting, Western
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- In Situ Hybridization
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
- Prefrontal Cortex/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Schizophrenia/genetics
- Schizophrenia/metabolism
- Schizophrenia/pathology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Xing
- Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-4799, USA.
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42
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Abstract
To liberate candidate gene analyses from criticisms of inexhaustiveness of examination of specific candidate genes, or incompleteness in the choice of candidate genes to study for specific neurobiological pathways, study of sizeable sets of genes pertinent to each putative pathophysiological pathway is required. For many years, genes have been tested in a 'one by one' manner for association with major affective disorders, primarily bipolar illness. However, it is conceivable that not individual genes but abnormalities in several genes within a system or in several neuronal, neural, or hormonal systems are implicated in the functional hypotheses for etiology of affective disorders. Compilation of candidate genes for entire pathways is a challenge, but can reasonably be carried out for the major affective disorders as discussed here. We present here five groupings of genes implicated by neuropharmacological and other evidence, which suggest 252 candidate genes worth examining. Inexhaustiveness of gene interrogation would apply to many studies in which only one polymorphism per gene is analyzed. In contrast to whole-genome association studies, a study of a limited number of candidate genes can readily exploit information on genomic sequence variations obtained from databases and/or resequencing, and has an advantage of not having the complication of an extremely stringent statistical criterion for association.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hattori
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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43
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Tiraboschi E, Giambelli R, D'Urso G, Galietta A, Barbon A, de Bartolomeis A, Gennarelli M, Barlati S, Racagni G, Popoli M. Antidepressants activate CaMKII in neuron cell body by Thr286 phosphorylation. Neuroreport 2004; 15:2393-6. [PMID: 15640762 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200410250-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CaM kinase II, a regulator of synaptic plasticity, is implicated in pathophysiology and pharmacology of psychiatric disorders. Chronic treatment with antidepressants desipramine and reboxetine up-regulated CaM kinase II in neuronal cell bodies of hippocampus. mRNA/protein expression for alphaCaM kinase II was unchanged, whereas Thr phosphorylation was increased in pyramidal/granular cell bodies, suggesting that increased phosphorylation is responsible for kinase activation. Short-term treatment of neuronal cultures with reboxetine reduced kinase activation in a concentration-dependent manner. The short-term inhibitory effect of reboxetine suggests that kinase up-regulation during antidepressant drug treatment is an adaptive response compensating for initial functional down-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Tiraboschi
- Center of Neuropharmacology-Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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44
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Gartside SE, Leitch MM, McQuade R, Swarbrick DJ. Flattening the glucocorticoid rhythm causes changes in hippocampal expression of messenger RNAs coding structural and functional proteins: implications for aging and depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28:821-9. [PMID: 12637952 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Subtle changes in glucocorticoid levels, including a flattening of the diurnal rhythm with raised nadir, are prevalent, being characteristic of both aging and major depression. Both these conditions are also associated with deficits in hippocampally mediated cognitive functions. We hypothesized that this profile of glucocorticoid levels causes structural and functional changes in the hippocampus, which in turn may engender cognitive deficits. We implanted slow-release corticosterone pellets into adrenally intact adult male rats to produce a flattened glucocorticoid rhythm with levels clamped midway between the normal nadir and zenith. Using density profile analysis we measured hippocampal expression of messenger RNAs encoding structural and functional proteins. In rats with a flattened glucocorticoid rhythm, the expression of the mRNA coding for microtubule associated protein-2b (MAP2b) was reduced in CA3 relative to sham-operated controls, but unchanged in dentate gyrus and CA1. In contrast, the expression of the mRNA coding the alpha subunit of calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase (CAMKIIalpha) was reduced in dentate gyrus in animals with a flattened glucocorticoid rhythm, but unchanged in CA3. The expression of the mRNA coding the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin was unchanged in both CA3 and dentate gyrus. The data indicate that a flattening of the normal diurnal glucocorticoid rhythm decreases the hippocampal expression of mRNAs coding key structural and functional proteins, and does so in a regionally selective manner. The data may have relevance for cognitive deficits characteristic of aging and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gartside
- Psychobiology Research Group, School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, The Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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45
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Celano E, Tiraboschi E, Consogno E, D'Urso G, Mbakop MP, Gennarelli M, de Bartolomeis A, Racagni G, Popoli M. Selective regulation of presynaptic calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II by psychotropic drugs. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 53:442-9. [PMID: 12614997 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in neuroplasticity have been involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders as well as in psychotropic drug action. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II), an enzyme with a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions, has been implicated in the action of anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, and antidepressants, but little is known as to its role in the action of different drugs employed for treatment of psychiatric disorders. METHODS We studied the function and expression of CaM kinase II following chronic treatment of rats with two antidepressants, fluvoxamine and desipramine, a typical antipsychotic drug, haloperidol, and the typical medication for manic-depressive disorder, lithium. RESULTS Antidepressants significantly increased the kinase activity in presynaptic vesicles of frontal/prefrontal cortex. Haloperidol induced no change, whereas lithium significantly decreased the activity. Kinase activation by antidepressants was further demonstrated by increased phosphorylation of exogenously added recombinant synaptotagmin. Immunoreactivity of vesicular kinase (alpha-isoform) was significantly increased by reuptake blockers but not by the two other drugs. Kinetic analysis showed that limiting value of enzymatic velocity (Vmax) of the kinase for substrate was also increased by reuptake blockers and decreased by lithium; however, neither messenger ribonucleic acid nor protein expression level of the kinase was increased in frontal/prefrontal cortex homogenates of antidepressant-treated rats, suggesting the involvement of local synaptic mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that functional regulation of presynaptic CaM kinase II is selectively affected by different psychotropic drugs, and suggest local synaptic mechanisms for pharmacological regulation of the kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Celano
- Center of Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
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46
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Koh PO, Undie AS, Kabbani N, Levenson R, Goldman-Rakic PS, Lidow MS. Up-regulation of neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic and bipolar patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:313-7. [PMID: 12496348 PMCID: PMC140961 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.232693499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2002] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The delineation of dopamine dysfunction in the mentally ill has been a long-standing quest of biological psychiatry. The present study focuses on a recently recognized group of dopamine receptor-interacting proteins as possible novel sites of dysfunction in schizophrenic and bipolar patients. We demonstrate that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar cases from the Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium display significantly elevated levels of the D2 dopamine receptor desensitization regulatory protein, neuronal calcium sensor-1. These levels of neuronal calcium sensor-1 were not influenced by age, gender, hemisphere, cause of death, postmortem period, alcohol consumption, or antipsychotic and mood stabilizing medications. The present study supports the hypothesis that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may be associated with abnormalities in dopamine receptor-interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Ok Koh
- Departments of Oral and Craniofacial Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21201, USA
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47
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Post RM, Denicoff KD, Leverich GS, Altshuler LL, Frye MA, Suppes TM, Keck PE, McElroy SL, Kupka R, Nolen WA, Grunze H, Walden J. Presentations of depression in bipolar illness. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1566-2772(02)00039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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48
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