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Picillo M, Barone P, Pellecchia MT. Merging Clinical and Imaging Biomarkers to Tackle Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2017; 4:652-662. [PMID: 30363377 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In Parkinson's disease, biomarkers represent tools that are potentially suitable for either clinical or research settings and are useful in predicting onset, confirming diagnosis, detecting progression, and evaluating response to potential disease-modifying treatments. The range of available biomarkers in Parkinson's disease is fast expanding and includes an increasing amount of laboratory, clinical, and imaging data. Indeed, the latter 2 represent the cornerstones of the diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease recently proposed by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society Task Force on the definition of Parkinson's disease. Methods and Results In this review, we describe current knowledge and emerging findings on clinical (with emphasis on nonmotor symptoms) and imaging biomarkers for Parkinson's disease, with a focus on prodromal, diagnostic, and middle/advanced phases. Conclusion An increasing body of evidence suggests that merging clinical and imaging biomarkers through disease stages may be the best, fastest track to tackle Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Picillo
- Neuroscience Section Department of Medicine and Surgery Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CMAND) University of Salerno Salerno Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Neuroscience Section Department of Medicine and Surgery Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CMAND) University of Salerno Salerno Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Neuroscience Section Department of Medicine and Surgery Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CMAND) University of Salerno Salerno Italy
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Yousaf T, Wilson H, Politis M. Imaging the Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:179-257. [PMID: 28802921 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is acknowledged to be a multisystem syndrome, manifesting as a result of multineuropeptide dysfunction, including dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic deficits. This multisystem disorder ultimately leads to the presentation of a range of nonmotor symptoms, now appreciated to be an integral part of the disease-specific spectrum of symptoms, often preceding the diagnosis of motor Parkinson's disease. In this chapter, we review the dopaminergic and nondopaminergic basis of these symptoms by exploring the neuroimaging evidence based on several techniques including positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography molecular imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging. We discuss the role of these neuroimaging techniques in elucidating the underlying pathophysiology of NMS in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyabah Yousaf
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Wilson
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Qamar MA, Sauerbier A, Politis M, Carr H, Loehrer PA, Chaudhuri KR. Presynaptic dopaminergic terminal imaging and non-motor symptoms assessment of Parkinson's disease: evidence for dopaminergic basis? NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2017; 3:5. [PMID: 28649605 PMCID: PMC5445592 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-016-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is now considered to be a multisystemic disorder consequent on multineuropeptide dysfunction including dopaminergic, serotonergic, cholinergic, and noradrenergic systems. This multipeptide dysfunction leads to expression of a range of non-motor symptoms now known to be integral to the concept of PD and preceding the diagnosis of motor PD. Some non-motor symptoms in PD may have a dopaminergic basis and in this review, we investigate the evidence for this based on imaging techniques using dopamine-based radioligands. To discuss non-motor symptoms we follow the classification as outlined by the validated PD non-motor symptoms scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- MA Qamar
- National Parkinson’s Foundation International Center of Excellence, King’s College London and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Sauerbier
- National Parkinson’s Foundation International Center of Excellence, King’s College London and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
| | - H Carr
- National Parkinson’s Foundation International Center of Excellence, King’s College London and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - P A Loehrer
- National Parkinson’s Foundation International Center of Excellence, King’s College London and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- National Parkinson’s Foundation International Center of Excellence, King’s College London and King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Chen KH, Okerstrom KL, Kingyon JR, Anderson SW, Cavanagh JF, Narayanan NS. Startle Habituation and Midfrontal Theta Activity in Parkinson Disease. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 28:1923-1932. [PMID: 27417205 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The ability to adapt to aversive stimuli is critical for mental health. Here, we investigate the relationship between habituation to startling stimuli and startle-related activity in medial frontal cortex as measured by EEG in both healthy control participants and patients with Parkinson disease (PD). We report three findings. First, patients with PD exhibited normal initial startle responses but reduced startle habituation relative to demographically matched controls. Second, control participants had midfrontal EEG theta activity in response to startling stimuli, and this activity was attenuated in patients with PD. Finally, startle-related midfrontal theta activity was correlated with the rate of startle habituation. These data indicate that impaired startle habituation in PD is a result of attenuated midfrontal cognitive control signals. Our findings could provide insight into the frontal regulation of startle habituation.
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Rau T, Ziemniak J, Poulsen D. The neuroprotective potential of low-dose methamphetamine in preclinical models of stroke and traumatic brain injury. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64:231-6. [PMID: 25724762 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant that was initially synthesized in 1920. Since then it has been used to treat attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), obesity and narcolepsy. However, methamphetamine has also become a major drug of abuse worldwide. Under conditions of abuse, which involve the administration of high repetitive doses, methamphetamine can produce considerable neurotoxic effects. However, recent evidence from our laboratory indicates that low doses of methamphetamine can produce robust neuroprotection when administered within 12h after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rodents. Thus, it appears that methamphetamine under certain circumstances and correct dosing can produce a neuroprotective effect. This review addresses the neuroprotective potential of methamphetamine and focuses on the potential beneficial application for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rau
- Dept. Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - John Ziemniak
- Gwynedd Pharmaceutical Consulting, Gwynedd Valley, PA, United States
| | - David Poulsen
- Neurosurgery Dept., University at Buffalo, SUNY-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States.
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Kitta T, Chancellor MB, de Groat WC, Shinohara N, Yoshimura N. Role of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Control of Micturition Reflex in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Urol 2015; 195:1613-1620. [PMID: 26626223 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the current study we examined dynamic changes in neural activity of the anterior cingulate cortex and the midbrain periaqueductal gray during the micturition reflex in a Parkinson's disease model as well as the effects of direct stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex on the micturition reflex. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electrodes were inserted in the anterior cingulate cortex or the periaqueductal gray. The effects of intravenous administration of the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM24138 on pelvic nerve evoked field potentials were examined. The effect of electrical stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex was also examined. RESULTS Rats with Parkinson's disease showed bladder overactivity as evidenced by a significant decrease in the intercontraction interval compared with sham operated rats. Intravenous administration of ZM24138 increased the intercontraction interval in both groups with the inhibitory effects greater in rats with Parkinson's disease. It dose dependently increased the amplitude of evoked potentials in the anterior cingulate cortex of rats with Parkinson's disease but not in sham operated rats. Intravenous administration of ZM24138 decreased evoked potential amplitude in the periaqueductal gray of both groups with the inhibitory effects greater in Parkinson's disease vs sham operated rats. Electrical stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex significantly increased the intercontraction interval. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that anterior cingulate cortex neurons have an inhibitory role in bladder control. Neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex was significantly increased along with suppression of bladder overactivity after ZM241385 administration in the Parkinson's disease model and the stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex inhibited the micturition reflex. Understanding the roles of the anterior cingulate cortex in the modulation of micturition could provide further insights into the pathophysiology of overactive bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeya Kitta
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michael B Chancellor
- Department of Urology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Orbitofrontal (18) F-DOPA Uptake and Movement Preparation in Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2015; 2015:180940. [PMID: 26171275 PMCID: PMC4480935 DOI: 10.1155/2015/180940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD) degeneration of mesocortical dopaminergic projections may determine cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Choice reaction time task is related to attention, working memory, and goal-directed behavior. Such paradigm involves frontal cortical circuits receiving mesocortical dopamine which are affected early in PD. The aim of this study is to characterize the role of dopamine on the cognitive processes that precede movement in a reaction time paradigm in PD. We enrolled 16 newly diagnosed and untreated patients with PD without cognitive impairment or depression and 10 control subjects with essential tremor. They performed multiple-choice reaction time task with the right upper limb and brain 18F-DOPA PET/CT scan. A significant inverse correlation was highlighted between average reaction time and 18F-DOPA uptake in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex. No correlations were found between reaction time and PD disease severity or between reaction time and 18F-DOPA uptake in controls. Our study shows that in PD, but not in controls, reaction time is inversely related to the levels of dopamine in the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex. This novel finding underlines the role of dopamine in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in the early stages of PD, supporting a relation between the compensatory cortical dopamine and movement preparation.
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Pellecchia MT, Picillo M, Santangelo G, Longo K, Moccia M, Erro R, Amboni M, Vitale C, Vicidomini C, Salvatore M, Barone P, Pappatà S. Cognitive performances and DAT imaging in early Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment: a preliminary study. Acta Neurol Scand 2015; 131:275-81. [PMID: 25644029 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common feature in Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed an exploratory study to investigate dopaminergic nigrostriatal innervation and its cognitive correlates in early untreated PD patients with MCI as compared to cognitively intact patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A consecutive series of 34-de-novo, drug-naïve patients with PD were enrolled. They underwent [123-I] FP-CIT SPECT and comprehensive neuropsychological battery. MCI was identified in 15 of 34 patients with PD. RESULTS The two groups did not show any statistically significant difference in age, sex, disease duration, education, lateralization, and H&Y and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores. Logistic regression analysis showed that UPDRS-III was weakly associated with MCI (P = 0.034). Partial correlation analysis controlling for UPDRS-III and age suggested that in PD patients with MCI reduced V3″ values in the more affected caudate were correlated with reduced performances in frontal assessment battery, Trail Making Test: part B minus Part A and copy task of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test. Reduced V3″ values in the more and less affected putamen were significantly related with reduced performance in frontal assessment battery and in copy task of Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test, respectively. No correlation was found between neuropsychological scores and DAT availability in PD patients without MCI. CONCLUSIONS Although preliminary, our results suggest that striatal dopamine depletion may contribute to some cognitive deficit in early never treated PD patients with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Pellecchia
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; University of Salerno; Salerno Italy
| | - M. Picillo
- Department of Neurological Sciences; University Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - G. Santangelo
- Department of Psychology; Neuropsychology Laboratory; Second University of Naples; Caserta Italy
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - K. Longo
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - M. Moccia
- Department of Neurological Sciences; University Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - R. Erro
- Department of Neurological Sciences; University Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - M. Amboni
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
| | - C. Vitale
- IDC Hermitage-Capodimonte; Naples Italy
- University Parthenope; Naples Italy
| | - C. Vicidomini
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging; CNR; Naples Italy
| | - M. Salvatore
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences; University Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - P. Barone
- Department of Neurological Sciences; University Federico II; Naples Italy
| | - S. Pappatà
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging; CNR; Naples Italy
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Winge K. Lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with parkinsonism and other neurodegenerative disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2015; 130:335-56. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63247-0.00019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Siepel FJ, Brønnick KS, Booij J, Ravina BM, Lebedev AV, Pereira JB, Grüner R, Aarsland D. Cognitive executive impairment and dopaminergic deficits inde novoParkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1802-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Françoise J. Siepel
- Center for Age-Related Medicine; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
| | - Kolbjørn S. Brønnick
- TIPS-Regional Center for Clinical Research in Psychosis; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
- Faculty of Social Sciences; University of Stavanger; Stavanger Norway
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Academic Medical Center; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M. Ravina
- Neurology Department; University of Rochester School of Medicine; Rochester New York USA
| | - Alexander V. Lebedev
- Center for Age-Related Medicine; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
| | - Joana B. Pereira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Renate Grüner
- Department of Radiology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- Department of Physics and Technology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Center for Age-Related Medicine; Stavanger University Hospital; Stavanger Norway
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Neurology; Akershus University Hospital; Lørenskog Norway
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Skodda S, Lorenz J, Schlegel U. Instability of syllable repetition in Parkinson's disease—Impairment of automated speech performance? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baga.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Arnaldi D, Campus C, Ferrara M, Famà F, Picco A, De Carli F, Accardo J, Brugnolo A, Sambuceti G, Morbelli S, Nobili F. What predicts cognitive decline in de novo Parkinson's disease? Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1127.e11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Interaction of caudate dopamine depletion and brain metabolic changes with cognitive dysfunction in early Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:206.e29-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Frenette AJ, Kanji S, Rees L, Williamson DR, Perreault MM, Turgeon AF, Bernard F, Fergusson DA. Efficacy and safety of dopamine agonists in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Neurotrauma 2011; 29:1-18. [PMID: 21846248 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the intensive care unit, dopamine agonists (DA) have been used in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients to augment or accelerate cognitive recovery and rehabilitation. However, the efficacy and safety of DA in this population is not well established. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the clinical efficacy and safety of DA in patients with TBI. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, comparing DA to either placebo, standard treatment, or another active comparator. There was no restriction for age, date, or language of publication. Sensitivity analyses were planned to evaluate the potential effect of timing of TBI, age, drugs, and year of publication on efficacy. Among the 790 citations identified, 20 RCTs evaluating methylphenidate, amantadine, and bromocriptine were eligible. Significant clinical heterogeneity was observed between and within studies, which precluded any pooling of data. Efficacy outcomes included mainly neuropsychological measures of cognitive functioning. A total of 76 different neuropsychological tests were used, but most of them (59%) only once. Only 5 studies systematically assessed safety. No trend could be drawn from the analysis of efficacy and safety. Important sources of bias in the studies were of major concern. Considering the absence of consensus regarding clinical outcome, the lack of safety assessment, and the high risk of bias in the included trials, more research is warranted before DA can be recommended in critically ill TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Julie Frenette
- Department of Pharmacy, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Lu C, Bharmal A, Kiss ZH, Suchowersky O, Haffenden AM. Attention and reach-to-grasp movements in Parkinson's disease. Exp Brain Res 2010; 205:69-80. [PMID: 20585762 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-010-2341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of attention in grasping movements directed at common objects has not been examined in Parkinson's disease (PD), though these movements are critical to activities of daily living. Our primary objective was to determine whether patients with PD demonstrate automaticity in grasping movements directed toward common objects. Automaticity is assumed when tasks can be performed with little or no interference from concurrent tasks. Grasping performance in three patient groups (newly diagnosed, moderate, and advanced/surgically treated PD) on and off of their medication or deep brain stimulation was compared to performance in an age-matched control group. Automaticity was demonstrated by the absence of a decrement in grasping performance when attention was consumed by a concurrent spatial-visualization task. Only the control group and newly diagnosed PD group demonstrated automaticity in their grasping movements. The moderate and advanced PD groups did not demonstrate automaticity. Furthermore, the well-known effects of pharmacotherapy and surgical intervention on movement speed and muscle activation patterns did not appear to reduce the impact of attention-demanding tasks on grasping movements in those with moderate to advanced PD. By the moderate stage of PD, grasping is an attention-demanding process; this change is not ameliorated by dopaminergic or surgical treatments. These findings have important implications for activities of daily living, as devoting attention to the simplest of daily tasks would interfere with complex activities and potentially exacerbate fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Lu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Ezzati A, Khadjevand F, Zandvakili A, Abbassian A. Higher-level motion detection deficit in Parkinson's disease. Brain Res 2010; 1320:143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Nobili F, Campus C, Arnaldi D, De Carli F, Cabassi G, Brugnolo A, Dessi B, Morbelli S, Sambuceti G, Abbruzzese G, Rodriguez G. Cognitive-nigrostriatal relationships in de novo, drug-naïve Parkinson's disease patients: A [I-123]FP-CIT SPECT study. Mov Disord 2010; 25:35-43. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.22899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Bales JW, Wagner AK, Kline AE, Dixon CE. Persistent cognitive dysfunction after traumatic brain injury: A dopamine hypothesis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 33:981-1003. [PMID: 19580914 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant cause of death and disability in industrialized countries. Of particular importance to patients the chronic effect that TBI has on cognitive function. Therapeutic strategies have been difficult to evaluate because of the complexity of injuries and variety of patient presentations within a TBI population. However, pharmacotherapies targeting dopamine (DA) have consistently shown benefits in attention, behavioral outcome, executive function, and memory. Still it remains unclear what aspect of TBI pathology is targeted by DA therapies and what time-course of treatment is most beneficial for patient outcomes. Fortunately, ongoing research in animal models has begun to elucidate the pathophysiology of DA alterations after TBI. The purpose of this review is to discuss clinical and experimental research examining DAergic therapies after TBI, which will in turn elucidate the importance of DA for cognitive function/dysfunction after TBI as well as highlight the areas that require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Bales
- Brain Trauma Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Cropley VL, Fujita M, Bara-Jimenez W, Brown AK, Zhang XY, Sangare J, Herscovitch P, Pike VW, Hallett M, Nathan PJ, Innis RB. Pre- and post-synaptic dopamine imaging and its relation with frontostriatal cognitive function in Parkinson disease: PET studies with [11C]NNC 112 and [18F]FDOPA. Psychiatry Res 2008; 163:171-82. [PMID: 18504119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 11/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Frontostriatal cognitive dysfunction is common in Parkinson disease (PD), but the explanation for its heterogeneous expressions remains unclear. This study examined the dopamine system within the frontostriatal circuitry with positron emission tomography (PET) to investigate pre- and post-synaptic dopamine function in relation to the executive processes in PD. Fifteen non-demented PD patients and 14 healthy controls underwent [(18)F]FDOPA (for dopamine synthesis) and [(11)C]NNC 112 (for D(1) receptors) PET scans and cognitive testing. Parametric images of [(18)F]FDOPA uptake (K(i)) and [(11)C]NNC 112 binding potential (BP(ND)) were calculated using reference tissue models. Group differences in K(i) and BP(ND) were assessed with both volume of interest and statistical parametric mapping, and were correlated with cognitive tests. Measurement of [(18)F]FDOPA uptake in cerebral cortex was questionable because of higher K(i) values in white than adjacent gray matter. These paradoxical results were likely to be caused by violations of the reference tissue model assumption rendering interpretation of cortical [(18)F]FDOPA uptake in PD difficult. We found no regional differences in D(1) receptor density between controls and PD, and no overall differences in frontostriatal performance. Although D(1) receptor density did not relate to frontostriatal cognition, K(i) decreases in the putamen predicted performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in PD only. These results suggest that striatal dopamine denervation may contribute to some frontostriatal cognitive impairment in moderate stage PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Cropley
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0135, USA.
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Cervenka S, Bäckman L, Cselényi Z, Halldin C, Farde L. Associations between dopamine D2-receptor binding and cognitive performance indicate functional compartmentalization of the human striatum. Neuroimage 2008; 40:1287-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Winge K, Nielsen KK, Stimpel H, Lokkegaard A, Jensen SR, Werdelin L. Lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder control in advanced Parkinson's disease: effects of deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus. Mov Disord 2007; 22:220-5. [PMID: 17133504 DOI: 10.1002/mds.21253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) leads to significant improvement in motor function in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). In this prospective study including 16 patients with PD, we investigated (1) lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) by questionnaires International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS, symptoms only) and Danish Prostate Symptom Score (DanPSS, symptoms and bother of symptoms) and (2) bladder control (assessed by urodynamics) before and after implantation of electrodes in the STN. PD symptoms (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale score) improved significantly (P < 0.0001), and symptoms of overactive bladder (IPSS) decreased along with the troublesome symptoms of overactive bladder (DanPSS; P < 0.01 for both). Urodynamic parameters before and after implantation of electrodes in the STN, evaluated with and without the stimulation on, did not change significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Winge
- Copenhagen Movement Disorders Centre, H:S Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
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Von Huben SN, Davis SA, Lay CC, Katner SN, Crean RD, Taffe MA. Differential contributions of dopaminergic D1- and D2-like receptors to cognitive function in rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2006; 188:586-96. [PMID: 16538469 PMCID: PMC2099258 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-006-0347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 02/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dopaminergic neurotransmission is critically involved in many aspects of complex behavior and cognition beyond reward/reinforcement and motor function. Mental and behavioral disorders associated with major disruptions of dopamine neurotransmission, including schizophrenia, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and substance abuse produce constellations of neuropsychological deficits in learning, memory, and attention in addition to other defining symptoms. OBJECTIVE To delineate the role dopaminergic D1- and D2-like receptor subtypes play in complex brain functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Monkeys (N = 6) were trained on cognitive tests adapted from a human neuropsychological assessment battery (CAmbridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery). The battery included tests of spatial working memory (self-ordered spatial search task), visuo-spatial associative memory and learning (visuo-spatial paired associates learning task, vsPAL) and motivation (progressive ratio task, PR). Tests of motor function (bimanual motor skill task, BMS; rotating turntable task, RTT) were also included. The effects of the dopamine D2-like antagonist raclopride (10-56 microg/kg, i.m.) and the D1-like antagonist SCH23390 (SCH, 3.2-56 microg/kg, i.m.) on cognitive performance were then determined. RESULTS Deficits on PR, RTT, and BMS performance were observed after both raclopride and SCH23390. Spatial working memory accuracy was reduced to a greater extent by raclopride than by SCH, which was unexpected, given prior reports on the involvement of D1 signaling for spatial working memory in monkeys. Deficits were observed on vsPAL performance after raclopride, but not after SCH23390. CONCLUSIONS The intriguing results suggest a greater contribution of D2- over D1-like receptors to both spatial working memory and object-location associative memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefani N Von Huben
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Cropley VL, Fujita M, Innis RB, Nathan PJ. Molecular imaging of the dopaminergic system and its association with human cognitive function. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 59:898-907. [PMID: 16682268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2005] [Revised: 10/07/2005] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has recently been used to examine dopamine (DA) function and its relationship with cognition in human subjects. This article will review PET and SPECT studies that have explored the relationship between cognitive processes and components of the DA system (pre-, intra-, and postsynaptic) in healthy and patient populations such as Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia, Huntington's disease, and aging. It is demonstrated that DA activity modulates a range of frontal executive-type cognitive processes such as working memory, attentional functioning, and sequential organization, and alterations of DA within the fronto-striato-thalamic circuits might contribute to the cognitive impairments observed in PD, schizophrenia, and normal aging. Although associations between DA and cognitive measures need to be considered within the context of fronto-striato-thalamic circuitry, it is suggested that striatal (especially caudate) DA activity, particularly via D2 receptors, might be important for response inhibition, temporal organization of material, and motor performance, whereas cortical DA transmission via D1 receptors might be important for maintaining and representing on-going behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Cropley
- Department of Physiology, Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Monash Centre for Brain and Behaviour, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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Winge K, Fowler CJ. Bladder dysfunction in Parkinsonism: Mechanisms, prevalence, symptoms, and management. Mov Disord 2006; 21:737-45. [PMID: 16570299 DOI: 10.1002/mds.20867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of functional imaging methods has increased our understanding of the neural control of the bladder. This review examines current concepts of the role of brain function in urinary control with particular emphasis on the putative role of dopamine receptors. Dopaminergic mechanisms play a profound role in normal bladder control and the dysfunction of these may result in symptoms of overactive bladder in Parkinsonism. The importance of this nonmotor disorder has been overlooked. We address the problem of bladder dysfunction as it presents to patients and their neurologist. The prevalence of bladder symptoms in Parkinson's disease is high; the most common complaint is nocturia followed by frequency and urgency. In multiple-system atrophy, the combination of urge and urge incontinence and poor emptying may result in a complex combination of complaints. The management of bladder dysfunction in Parkinsonism addresses treatment of overactive detrusor as well as incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Winge
- Department of Neurology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Winge K, Friberg L, Werdelin L, Nielsen KK, Stimpel H. Relationship between nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration, urinary symptoms, and bladder control in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2006; 12:842-50. [PMID: 16241972 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often have lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Studies have indicated a correlation between dopaminergic degeneration and LUTS and presence of overactive bladder. We evaluated 18 patients with Parkinson's disease using single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging of the dopamine transporter with [(123)I]-FP-CIT, and bladder symptoms were assessed using questionnaires and full urodynamic evaluation both in medicated state and after cessation. Bladder symptoms correlated with age, stage and severity of disease but not with uptake of the ligand in the striatum. Patients with bladder symptoms had a significant lower uptake in the striatum compared with patients without LUTS. In patients with severe bladder dysfunction, LUTS correlated with putamen/caudate ratio. The specific binding of the ligand did not correlate with urodynamics parameters or any change in these after wash-out. Our findings suggest that the presence of LUTS is associated with the degeneration of the total number of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurones, whilst the severity of bladder dysfunction is correlated with the relative degeneration of the caudate nucleus. The effects of medication on bladder control, as evaluated by urodynamics are believed to involve structures outside the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Winge
- Department of Neurology, H:S Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
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Winge K, Skau AM, Stimpel H, Nielsen KK, Werdelin L. Prevalence of bladder dysfunction in Parkinsons disease. Neurourol Urodyn 2006; 25:116-22. [PMID: 16402391 DOI: 10.1002/nau.20193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in Parkinsons disease (PD) is reported as 27%-39% based on validated questionnaires which do not consider the degree of bother. To estimate the prevalence of LUTS in patients with PD, the severity of symptoms, the volume of postmicturitional urine, and to estimate differences compared to non-PD patients referred for urological evaluation. METHODS One hundred seven patients with PD were evaluated using two sets of validated questionnaires (Dan-PSS and IPSS) about LUTS; postmicturitional residual urine was recorded, and compared to 61 patients without PD presenting at an urological clinic for examination. RESULTS Bothersome LUTS measured using Dan-PSS scores correlated significantly with Hoehn and Yahr stage of disease (P = 0.02), but not with duration of disease or age. IPSS scores did not correlate to stage of disease, duration of disease or age. Two arbitrary cut-offs were applied, identifying patients with significant LUTS, Dan-PSS > 10 and IPSS > 10. There were no significant differences between the age or duration of disease of patients with and without significant LUTS. The most frequent symptom was nocturia (IPSS: 86%) followed by frequency (IPSS: 71%) and urgency (IPSS: 68%). The most frequently reported bothersome bladder symptom was urgency (Dan-PSS: 61%), followed by nocturia (Dan-PSS: 50%) and urge incontinence (Dan-PSS: 44%). The prevalence of bothersome frequency is low (Dan-PSS: 37%). The postmicturitional volumes (PMV) did not correlate to stage of disease, duration of disease or age, or to scores on questionnaires. Mean PMV was 34 ml. Seven patients (6%) with PD had a PMV larger then 100 ml. DISCUSSION The prevalence of severe LUTS was similar with other studies, but the correlation between Dan-PSS and stage of disease, and not IPSS indicates that despite seeing no increase in frequency and severity of LUTS as PD progresses, patients find symptoms more bothersome. This may be due to progression in gait difficulties or a decreasing ability to separate and integrate sensory input, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Winge
- Department of Neurology, H:S Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
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Abstract
AIMS To discuss the current methodological and conceptual difficulties inherent in characterizing the emotional manifestations of neurodegenerative disease through critically reviewing depression as a manifestation of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Selective literature review of the neurobiological, psychological, and physical basis of depressive symptoms in PD from 1993-2003, with reference to key earlier articles. CONCLUSIONS There are difficulties in defining the syndromes of PD itself as well as depression in PD. The use of more conceptually reductionistic definitions of emotion and behavior in comprehensive longitudinal studies of the natural history of PD is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Looi
- Faculty of Medicine and Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University (ANU), Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Berger HJC, Cools AR, Horstink MWIM, Oyen WJG, Verhoeven EWM, van der Werf SP. Striatal dopamine and learning strategy-an (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT study. Neuropsychologia 2004; 42:1071-8. [PMID: 15093146 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2003] [Revised: 12/17/2003] [Accepted: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulty in processing learning tasks that lack external guidelines and, consequently, necessitate the subjects to generate their own problem-solving strategy. While the contribution of striatal dopaminergic deficiency to PD-specific motor symptoms is well established, its role in the PD-characteristic deviant learning style remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between striatal dopamine activity as revealed by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with (123)I-FP-CIT, a ligand for the dopamine transporter (DaT), and type of learning strategy, as identified by the California Verbal Learning Task (CVLT) in 19 patients with probable PD. The results showed a robust inverse correlation between striatal dopamine DaT binding and the externally guided, serial learning strategy: the lower the DaT in caudate nucleus as well as in putamen, the more the patient group appeared to rely on externally structured learning. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between caudatal DaT activity and the internally generated, semantic learning strategy. Unlike these strategic learning characteristics, IQ equivalent and recall total score appeared to vary independently from striatal DaT availability. CONCLUSION our findings provide direct evidence that striatal dopaminergic activity is specifically involved in the regulation of strategic learning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J C Berger
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Winge K, Werdelin LM, Nielsen KK, Stimpel H. Effects of dopaminergic treatment on bladder function in Parkinson's disease. Neurourol Urodyn 2004; 23:689-96. [PMID: 15382192 DOI: 10.1002/nau.20054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the nature of voiding complaints, findings on urodynamics and the effects of medication on bladder control in a group of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients between the ages of 30-60 years. METHODS Thirty-two patients with PD were evaluated by questionnaires, PD rating scales, and full urodynamics evaluation. To evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), we used the Danish Prostate Symptom Score (Dan-PSS). PD was evaluated using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and Hoehn and Yahr rating scale for PD. Urodynamics were performed while the patients were on dopaminergic therapy, and after stopping this for three half lives. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between the Dan-PSS score and UPDRS, Spearman's rho = 0.50, (P = 0.004), and between the score of irritative symptoms in Dan-PSS and motor symptoms (UPDRS(III)) is seen (Spearman's rho = 0.50, P = 0.003). Patients with significant bladder symptoms (> or =10 points in Dan-PSS) had a significantly higher bladder capacity in the medicated state than after wash out (P = 0.04), while patients with out bladder symptoms had no difference. Patients with a significant increase in bladder capacity on medication had a significantly higher interval between the volume of first sensation of bladder filling and bladder capacity when medicated (P = 0.01) than after wash out. Patient who did not benefit from medication had a significant lower interval off medication (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS The effects of dopaminergic treatment on bladder control and urodynamic parameters are unpredictable in the individual patient, though most patients experience significant changes. We have also demonstrated the complexity of bladder control, and that patients with PD may be particularly susceptible to develop complex micturitional dysfunction. Our data indicates that cortical dysfunction may play a significant role in bladder dysfunction in PD parallel to the pontine lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Winge
- Department of Neurology, H:S Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although the cognitive deficits of idiopathic Parkinson's disease are now relatively well known, their neuropsychological and neurobiological basis are still discussed. RECENT FINDINGS As well as recent findings on cognitive changes and their underlying mechanisms, we will review new approaches concerning the effects of levo-dihydroxyphenylalanine, those of deep-brain stimulation and recent developments on personality disorders. SUMMARY Future research directions concern the relative influence of the striatofrontal loops in cognition and personality, and the respective contribution of subcortical and cortical lesions or dysfunctions, both in dementia and in specific cognitive and personality changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Pillon
- INSERM EMI 007 and Fédération de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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