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Agrawal PR, Chandak M, Nikhade PP, Patel AS, Bhopatkar JK. Revolutionizing endodontics: Advancements in nickel-titanium instrument surfaces. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:126-133. [PMID: 38463467 PMCID: PMC10923218 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_248_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments have become the backbone of endodontics due to their exceptional properties, superelasticity, and shape memory. However, challenges such as unexpected breakage, poor cutting efficiency, and corrosion have prompted researchers to explore innovative surface modifications to enhance their performance. This comprehensive review discusses the latest advancements in NiTi metallurgy and their impact on rotary NiTi file systems. Various surface treatment techniques, including ion implantation, cryogenic treatment (CT), thermal nitridation, electropolishing, and physical or chemical vapor deposition, have been investigated to minimize defects, boost surface hardness, and improve cyclic fatigue resistance. Ion implantation has shown promise by increasing wear resistance and cutting efficiency through nitrogen ion incorporation. Thermal nitridation has successfully formed titanium nitride (TiN) coatings, resulting in improved corrosion resistance and cutting efficiency. CT has demonstrated increased cutting efficiency and overall strength by creating a martensite transformation and finer carbide particles. Electropolishing has yielded mixed results, providing smoother surfaces but varying impacts on fatigue resistance. Physical or chemical vapor deposition has proven effective in forming TiN coatings, enhancing hardness and wear resistance. Furthermore, the concept of surface functionalization with silver ions for antibacterial properties has been explored. These advancements present an exciting future for endodontic procedures, offering the potential for enhanced NiTi instruments with improved performance, durability, and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paridhi Rajesh Agrawal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DMIHER, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj Chandak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DMIHER, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradnya Prashant Nikhade
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DMIHER, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aditya Satyawansingh Patel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DMIHER, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jay Kailas Bhopatkar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, DMIHER, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Toker SM, Orhan EO, Beklen A. Nickel ion release and surface analyses on instrument fragments fractured beyond the apex: a laboratory investigation. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:703. [PMID: 37777753 PMCID: PMC10542686 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03434-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyse the changes in surface and nickel ion release characteristics of fractured root canal shaping instruments in a simulated body fluid environment. METHODS A total of 54 new instruments were studied. The instrument groups consisted of five different NiTi alloys and a stainless-steel alloy. To standardize instrument fracture, a torsional type of failure was created on each instrument. The fractured specimens of each instrument group were randomly divided into three static immersion subgroups of 1 h, 7-day, and 30-day (n = 3). Simulated body fluid (SBF) was prepared to mimic human blood plasma by Kokubo&Takadama protocol for ex situ static immersions at 37ºC. The surfaces were examined via scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. To determine the quantitative ion release, the retrieved SBFs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests sought the statistical significance of the nickel ion values(p < 0.05). RESULTS In 1 h of immersion, the newly formed structures, exhibiting mostly oxygen signals, were widespread and evident on NiTi surfaces. In contrast, fewer structures were detected on the SS surface in that subgroup. In 7 days of immersion, a tendency for a decrease in the density of the new structures was revealed in NiTi groups. The oxygen signals on NiTi group surfaces significantly increased, contrary to their decrease in SS. Signals of sodium, chlorine, and calcium were detected, indicating salt precipitates in groups. In 30 days of immersion, salt precipitates continued to form. The Ni-ion release values in all instrument groups presented significant differences in comparison to the SBF control in all immersion periods(p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in immersion time periods or instrument groups(p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the presented study, it was concluded that the fractured SS and NiTi root canal instruments release Ni ions in contact with body fluid. However, the Ni ion release values determined during the observation periods are lower than the critical toxic or allergic thresholds defined for the human body. This was due to the ionic dissolution cycle reaching a stable state from 1-hour to 30-day exposure to the body fluid of fractured instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıdıka Mine Toker
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26040, Turkey
| | - Ekim Onur Orhan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26040, Turkey
| | - Arzu Beklen
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, 26040, Turkey.
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Madytianos B, Liu E, Marshall A, Mahony E, Liu K, Manogaran J, Liu HH, Parashos P, Evans M. A critical evaluation of physical and manufacturing properties of genuine and counterfeit rotary nickel-titanium endodontic instruments. Aust Dent J 2023; 68:179-185. [PMID: 37337920 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments are made to exacting standards and are costly to manufacture, and quality control is paramount. Consequently, unauthorized factories make counterfeit instruments that are less expensive and may therefore be attractive to dentists. Little information exists about the metallurgy and manufacturing quality of such instruments. There is the potential for counterfeit instruments to be at higher risk of fracture during treatment, thereby compromising clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate physical and manufacturing properties of genuine and counterfeit ProTaper Next™ and Mtwo® rotary NiTi instruments. METHODS This study investigated the metallurgical properties, manufacturing quality, microhardness and number of cycles to failure of two commonly used rotary NiTi systems and compared them with counterfeit products purporting to be genuine articles. RESULTS Counterfeit instruments were found to be inferior in manufacturing standards and were less resistant to cyclic fatigue when compared to genuine instruments. CONCLUSIONS Counterfeit rotary NiTi instruments may be less efficient at preparing root canals and may be at higher risk of fracture during endodontic treatment. Dentists must be aware that, although less expensive, counterfeit instruments may be of dubious manufacturing quality and at higher risk of fracture if used in patients. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Madytianos
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Liu
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Marshall
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Mahony
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Liu
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Manogaran
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H H Liu
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Evans
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Chan WS, Gulati K, Peters OA. Advancing Nitinol: From heat treatment to surface functionalization for nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments in endodontics. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:91-111. [PMID: 36203965 PMCID: PMC9520078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy has been extensively researched in endodontics, particularly in cleaning and shaping the root canal system. Research advances have primarily focused on the design, shape, and geometry of the NiTi files as well as metallurgy and mechanical properties. So far, extensive investigations have been made surrounding surface and thermomechanical treatments, however, limited work has been done in the realm of surface functionalization to augment its performance in endodontics. This review summarizes the unique characteristics, current use, and latest developments in thermomechanically treated NiTi endodontic files. It discusses recent improvements in nano-engineering and the possibility of customizing the NiTi file surface for added functionalization. Whilst clinical translation of this technology has yet to be fully realized, future research direction will lie in the use of nanotechnology. Nitinol (Nickel Titanium alloy) is widely used to clean/shape root canal system in endodontics. To enhance its performance, various thermo-mechanical and nano-engineering modifications have been performed. This comprehensive review summarizes the latest advances and future trends relating to functionalized NiTi endodontic files.
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Pedullà E, Kharouf N, Caruso S, La Rosa GRM, Jmal H, Haikel Y, Mancino D. Torsional, Static and Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Reciprocating and Continuous Rotating NiTi Instruments. J Endod 2022; 48:1421-1427. [PMID: 35987386 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To evaluate torsional, dynamic and static cyclic fatigue resistance of the reciprocating One Reci (OR, Micromega, Besançon, France), WaveOne Gold (WOG, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), rotary One Curve (OC, MicroMega, Besançon, France) and ProTaper Next X2 (PTN X2, Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) instruments. METHODS A total of 120 NiTi instruments (n = 30) OR, WOG, OC and PTN X2 were used. Torque and rotation angle until failure under static torsion loading were measured according to the ISO 3630-1. Static and dynamic fatigue resistance was measured as the time to fracture (TTF) in an artificial stainless-steel canal with a 60° angle and 5-mm radius of curvature at intracanal temperature. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests. The alpha-type error was set at 5%. Fracture instruments from torsion and fatigue tests were examined with scanning electron microscope. RESULTS The OR showed higher static fatigue resistance and rotation angle at fracture than the WOG, OC and PTN X2 (P < .05). The WOG exhibited higher torsional resistance than the others (P < .05). Dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance tests had highest TTF than static for the PTN X2 and the WOG groups (P < .05). In the dynamic tests, the OR and WOG showed higher TTF than the OC and PTN X2 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Under these experimental condition, One Reci exhibited suitable mechanical properties with the highest cyclic fatigue resistance and angle of rotation among the tested instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Department of Bioengineering and Biomaterials, INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) 1121, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Simone Caruso
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Hamdi Jmal
- ICube Laboratory, UMR 7357 CNRS, Mechanics Department, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Department of Bioengineering and Biomaterials, INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) 1121, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Bioengineering and Biomaterials, INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) 1121, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Faus-Matoses V, Faus-Llácer V, Ruiz-Sánchez C, Jaramillo-Vásconez S, Faus-Matoses I, Martín-Biedma B, Zubizarreta-Macho Á. Effect of Rotational Speed on the Resistance of NiTi Alloy Endodontic Rotary Files to Cyclic Fatigue-An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113143. [PMID: 35683530 PMCID: PMC9181116 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate and contrast the function of the rotational speed of NiTi alloy endodontic rotary files on how resistant they are to dynamic cyclic fatigue. Methods: A total of 150 NiTi alloy endodontic rotary files with similar geometrical design and metallurgical properties were randomly divided into study groups: Group A: 200 rpm (n = 30); Group B: 350 rpm (n = 30); Group C: 500 rpm (n = 30); Group D: reciprocating movement at 350 rpm with 120° counterclockwise and 30° clockwise motion (350 rpm+) (n = 30); and Group E: reciprocating movement at 400 rpm with 120° counterclockwise and 30° clockwise motion (400 rpm+) (n = 30). A dynamic device was designed to carry out dynamic cyclic fatigue tests using artificial root canal systems made from stainless steel with an apical diameter of 250 µm, 5 mm radius of curvature, 60° curvature angle, and 6% taper, and 20 mm in length. A Weibull statistical analysis and ANOVA test were used to analyze the results. Results: The ANOVA analysis showed differences in time to failure among all the study groups that were of statistical significance (p < 0.001). Conclusions: NiTi alloy endodontic rotary files using reciprocating movement at 350 rpm with 120° counterclockwise and 30° clockwise motion exhibit greater resistance to dynamic cyclic fatigue than files used with a reciprocating movement at 400 rpm with 120° counterclockwise and 30° clockwise motion, continuous rotational speed at 200 rpm, continuous rotational speed at 350 rpm, or continuous rotational speed at 500 rpm; it is therefore advisable to use reciprocating movements at a low speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Faus-Matoses
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (V.F.-M.); (V.F.-L.); (C.R.-S.); (S.J.-V.)
| | - Vicente Faus-Llácer
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (V.F.-M.); (V.F.-L.); (C.R.-S.); (S.J.-V.)
| | - Celia Ruiz-Sánchez
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (V.F.-M.); (V.F.-L.); (C.R.-S.); (S.J.-V.)
| | - Sharon Jaramillo-Vásconez
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (V.F.-M.); (V.F.-L.); (C.R.-S.); (S.J.-V.)
| | - Ignacio Faus-Matoses
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (V.F.-M.); (V.F.-L.); (C.R.-S.); (S.J.-V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Benjamín Martín-Biedma
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
- Department of Implant Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Endodontic Rotary Files, What Should an Endodontist Know? Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58060719. [PMID: 35743982 PMCID: PMC9230915 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinicians should be aware of all the characteristics and capacities of the instruments that are possible to use when conducting a root canal treatment. The wide variety of nickel–titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary systems on the market and the lack of standardisation of this type of instrument makes the choice in each specific case difficult. Therefore, this review is intended to summarize the characteristics that should be taken into account when choosing one instrument over another. It will be essential to know characteristics, of alloy from which the instrument is made. Moreover, the geometry of the instrument will determine its behaviour, being the mass, the one that marks its resistance to a greater extent. The movement performed by the file is another of the fundamental keys to understand rotary instruments. In conclusion, when performing root canal treatment, the characteristics of the instrument and the tooth must be taken into account, and the operator’s own limitations should be known. This paper provides the key points to keep in mind when making this type of treatment.
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Guillory M, Vall P. Past, Present, and Future Trends of Nickel Titanium Rotary Instrumentation. J Vet Dent 2022; 39:257-268. [PMID: 35585702 DOI: 10.1177/08987564221098566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the historical development, properties, and trends of nickel titanium rotary instrumentation use for the veterinary endodontist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Vall
- Animal Dental Care and Oral Surgery, Colorado Springs, CO
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Roda-Casanova V, Pérez-González A, Zubizarreta-Macho A, Faus-Matoses V. Influence of Cross-Section and Pitch on the Mechanical Response of NiTi Endodontic Files under Bending and Torsional Conditions—A Finite Element Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092642. [PMID: 35566767 PMCID: PMC9101501 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, the effects of cross-section and pitch on the mechanical response of NiTi endodontic files is studied by means of finite element analyses. The study was conducted over a set of eight endodontic rotary files, whose geometry was obtained from combinations of two cross-sections(square and triangular) and four pitches. Each file was subjected to bending and torsional analyses, simulating the testing conditions indicated in the ISO 3630 Standard, in order to assess their stiffness and mechanical strength. The results indicate that endodontic files with a square cross-section have double the stiffness of those with triangular cross-sections, both in terms of bending and torsion. For both loading modes, endodontic files with a triangular cross-section can undergo larger deformations before overload failure than those with a square cross-section: up to 20% more in bending and 40% in torsion. Moreover, under equivalent boundary conditions, endodontic files with triangular cross-sections present a higher fatigue life than those with square cross-sections: up to more than 300% higher for small pitches. The effect of pitch on the stiffness and strength of the file is smaller than that of the cross-section shape, but smaller pitches could be beneficial when using a triangularcross-section, as they increase the bending flexibility, fatigue life, and torsion stiffness. These results suggest a clinical recommendation for the use of files with a triangular-shaped cross-section and a small pitch in order to minimize ledging and maximize fatigue life. Finally, in this study, we reveal the sensitivity of the orientation of files with respect to the bending direction, which must be taken into account when designing, reporting, and interpreting test results under such loading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Roda-Casanova
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (V.R.-C.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Antonio Pérez-González
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain; (V.R.-C.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Alvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
- Department of Dentistry, Alfonso X el Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Vicente Faus-Matoses
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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Zaccaro-Scelza MF, Martinez RLCH, Tavares SO, Gonçalves FP, Montagnana M, Silva EJNLD, Scelza P. Noncontact 3D evaluation of surface topography of reciprocating instruments after retreatment procedures. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:38-46. [PMID: 35766715 PMCID: PMC9645204 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the Reciproc R25 and Pro-R 25 instruments in unused
condition, after one and a second use in endodontic retreatment employing a
noncontact 3D light interferometer profiler, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
and cyclic fatigue tests. Twenty single-root teeth were instrumented with
Reciproc R25 and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. A 3D profiler with a 20x
objective using the Mx™ software was used to evaluate the cutting blade surfaces
of Reciproc R25 and Pro-R 25 (n=5 per group) in unused condition, after the
first and second uses in retreatment procedures. After retreatment, SEM was used
to evaluate the topographic features of the used instruments. Cyclic fatigue
tests were performed to compare new to used instruments. One-way ANOVA followed
by Tukey test was used to compare the tested instruments before and after the
first and second uses. Student t-test was used to compare the different
instruments and for cyclic fatigue evaluation. No significant differences were
observed in the cutting blade surfaces of Reciproc and Pro-R before and after
one and two uses (p>0.05). Reciproc without use showed higher Sa and Sq when
compared to Pro-R without use (p<0.05). No differences were observed between
Reciproc and Pro-R after one and two uses (p>0.05). New and unused Reciproc
showed longer time to fracture than Pro-R instruments (p<0.05), and only
Pro-R showed differences between new and used instruments (p<0.05).
Retreatment procedures with Reciproc and Pro-R did not change the surface
topography of instruments. Reciproc had greater resistance to cyclic fatigue
compared with Pro-R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pantaleo Scelza
- Geriatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Faus-Matoses V, Pérez García R, Faus-Llácer V, Faus-Matoses I, Alonso Ezpeleta Ó, Albaladejo Martínez A, Zubizarreta-Macho Á. Comparative Study of the SEM Evaluation, EDX Assessment, Morphometric Analysis, and Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Three Novel Brands of NiTi Alloy Endodontic Files. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074414. [PMID: 35410096 PMCID: PMC8998441 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we compare and analyze the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), morphometry and cyclic fatigue resistance of Endogal, PathMax, and Smarttrack novel brands of nickel−titanium (NiTi) alloy endodontic files. Material and Methods: Thirty sterile NiTi endodontic rotary files were randomly selected and assigned to one of the following study groups: A: 25.08 F2 Endogal (EDG) (n = 10); B: 25.08 F2 Path Max Pro (PMP) (n = 10); and C: 25.06 Smarttrack (ST) (n = 10). Dynamic cyclic fatigue tests were conducted using a cyclic fatigue device in stainless steel artificial root canal systems with an apical diameter of 250 µm, curvature angle of 60°, radius of curvature of 3 mm, and taper of 6%. Additionally, we analyzed the NiTi endodontic rotary files using EDX, SEM, and morphometry after micro-CT scanning. The results were analyzed using Weibull statistical analysis and ANOVA testing. Results: SEM, EDX, and morphometric analyses showed differences between the three novel brands of NiTi endodontic rotary files. Moreover, statistically significant differences were observed between the number of cycles to failure and time to failure of the three novel brands of NiTi endodontic rotary files (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Smarttrack NiTi alloy endodontic reciprocating files display greater resistance to cyclic fatigue than Endogal and Path Max Pro NiTi alloy endodontic rotary files, due to the reciprocating movement and metallurgical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Faus-Matoses
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (V.F.-M.); (R.P.G.); (V.F.-L.)
| | - Raúl Pérez García
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (V.F.-M.); (R.P.G.); (V.F.-L.)
| | - Vicente Faus-Llácer
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (V.F.-M.); (R.P.G.); (V.F.-L.)
| | - Ignacio Faus-Matoses
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (V.F.-M.); (R.P.G.); (V.F.-L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Óscar Alonso Ezpeleta
- Department of Endodontics, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22006 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Alberto Albaladejo Martínez
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (A.A.M.); or (Á.Z.-M.)
| | - Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain; (A.A.M.); or (Á.Z.-M.)
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain
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Metallurgical Tests in Endodontics: A Narrative Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9010030. [PMID: 35049739 PMCID: PMC8773015 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since there are no reviews of the literature on this theme, the aim of this narrative review is to summarize the metallurgical tests used in endodontics, pointing out their functional use and their pros and cons and giving readers a user-friendly guide to serve as an orientation aid in the plethora of metallurgical tests. With this purpose, a literature search for articles published between January 2001 and December 2021 was conducted, using the electronic database PubMed to collect all published articles regarding the metallurgical tests used in endodontics for the evaluation of NiTi rotary instruments. The search was conducted using the following keywords: “metallurgy”, “differential scanning calorimetry” (DSC), “X-ray diffraction” (XRD), “atomic force microscopy” (AFM), “energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy” (EDS), “focused ion beam analysis” (FIB) and “Auger electron spectroscopy” (AES) combined with the term “endodontics” or “NiTi rotary instruments”. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of the 248 articles found, only 81 were included in the narrative review. According to the results, more than 50% of the selected articles were published in one of the two most relevant journals in endodontics: International Endodontic Journal (22.2%) and Journal of Endodontics (29.6%). The most popular metallurgical test was DSC, with 43 related articles, followed by EDS (33 articles), AFM (22 articles) and XRD (21 articles). Few studies were conducted using other tests such as FIB (2 articles), micro-Raman spectroscopy (4 articles), metallographic analysis (7 articles) and Auger electron spectroscopy (2 articles).
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Abstract
A very extensive literature review presents the possibilities and needs of using, in endodontics, the alloys commonly known as nitinol. Nitinol, as the most modern group of engineering materials used to develop root canals, is equilibrium nickel and titanium alloys in terms of the elements’ atomic concentration, or very similar. The main audience of this paper is engineers, tool designers and manufacturers, PhD students, and students of materials and manufacturing engineering but this article can also certainly be used by dentists. The paper aims to present a full material science characterization of the structure and properties of nitinol alloys and to discuss all structural phenomena that determine the performance properties of these alloys, including those applied to manufacture the endodontic tools. The paper presents the selection of these alloys’ chemical composition and processing conditions and their importance in the endodontic treatment of teeth. The results of laboratory studies on the analysis of changes during the sterilization of endodontic instruments made of nitinol alloys are also included. The summary of all the literature analyses is an SWOT analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and is a forecast of the development strategy of this material in a specific application such as endodontics.
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Kwak SW, Shen Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Kim HC, Haapasalo M. Heat Treatment and Surface Treatment of Nickel–Titanium Endodontic Instruments. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.769977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge and thorough understanding of the characteristics of endodontic nickel–titanium (NiTi) files is paramount for dentists performing root canal treatments to patients. Understanding the behavior of the NiTi files guides the clinicians in choosing the correct instruments for different clinical and anatomical situations. This review focuses on the metallurgical properties of endodontic NiTi files, with a special emphasis on recent developments and improvements in metallurgy and the effects of heat treatment and surface treatment. In this study, the impact that such developments have on the properties of endodontic NiTi files is discussed.
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Influence of the Geometrical Cross-Section Design on the Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of NiTi Endodontic Rotary Files-An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204713. [PMID: 34682836 PMCID: PMC8537992 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the influence of the geometrical cross-section design on the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi endodontic rotary files. Materials and Methods: Forty sterile endodontic rotary files were selected and distributed into the following study groups: A: 25.06 double S-shaped cross-section NiTi alloy endodontic rotary files (Mtwo) (n = 10); B: 20.04 rectangular cross-section NiTi alloy endodontic rotary files (T Pro E1) (n = 10); C: 25.04 convex triangular cross-section NiTi alloy endodontic rotary files (T Pro E2) (n = 10); and D: 25.06 triangular cross-section NiTi alloy endodontic rotary files (T Pro E4) (n = 10). A cyclic fatigue device was used to conduct the static cyclic fatigue tests with stainless steel artificial root canal systems with 200 µm and 250 µm apical diameter, 60° curvature angle, 3 mm radius of curvature, 20 mm length, and 4% and 8% taper. The results were analyzed using the ANOVA test and Weibull statistical analysis. Results: All the pairwise comparisons presented statistically significant differences between the time to failure and number of cycles to failure for the cross-section design study groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: the double S-shaped cross-section of Mtwo NiTi endodontic files shows higher cyclic fatigue resistance than the rectangular cross-section of T Pro E1 NiTi endodontic files, the convex triangular cross-section of T Pro E2 NiTi endodontic files, and the triangular cross-section of T Pro E4 NiTi endodontic files.
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Current technology in endodontic instrumentation: advances in metallurgy and manufacture. Br Dent J 2021; 231:49-57. [PMID: 34244648 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of nickel-titanium endodontic instruments, there have been a myriad of developments which can be confusing and sometimes contradictory. This article seeks to review and articulate these advances, and allow the reader to better understand the benefits and the limitations of the systems available. Ultimately, this helps clinicians to engage more confidently with trade and have a more informed choice of the most appropriate file to use for each individual endodontic case. All this should facilitate more predictable endodontic outcomes.
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Zafar MS. Impact of Endodontic Instrumentation on Surface Roughness of Various Nickel-Titanium Rotary Files. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:273-280. [PMID: 33111285 PMCID: PMC8184277 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR) of various nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments (ProTaper Next [PTN], WaveOne Gold [WOG], and ProTaper Gold [PTG]) before and after root canal instrumentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS For each type (PTN, WOG, and PTG), the endodontic instrumentation was performed using extracted mandibular molar teeth's curved mesial root canals (curvature: 20-40 degrees) after determining the working length. Each NiTi file was cleaned, and sterilized following preparation of four root canals and characterized for surface properties before and after endodontic instrumentation using a contact-mode three-dimensional surface profiler. The data were analyzed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for SR parameters including average surface roughness value (Sa), root mean square roughness (Sq), and peak to valley height (Sz). RESULTS Preinstrumentation assessment revealed a significant difference for all the three SR variables (p < 0.05) for the cutting blade and the flute area. WOG instruments showed the highest SR values (p = 0.000). The postinstrumentation assessment revealed significant differences in SR values in the blade and the flute between the three groups (p < 0.05), with WOG and PTG exhibiting the highest values in the blade and flute sections, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SR parameters of intact PTN, WOG, and PTG NiTi files vary and that was increased following the endodontic instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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La Rosa GRM, Shumakova V, Isola G, Indelicato F, Bugea C, Pedullà E. Evaluation of the Cyclic Fatigue of Two Single Files at Body and Room Temperature with Different Radii of Curvature. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092256. [PMID: 33925573 PMCID: PMC8123902 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: To compare the influence of different temperatures and curvature radii on the cyclic fatigue resistance of F6 SkyTaper (F6ST) and One Curve (OC) single file nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Methods: A total of 120 instruments of F6ST and OC #25.06 were evaluated in 5 mm and 3 mm curvature radii at two temperatures (20 °C ± 1 °C and 37 °C ± 1 °C) in 16 mm stainless steel artificial canals associated with a curvature of 60°. The cyclic fatigue of tested files was assessed by employing a customized testing apparatus and expressed as times to fracture (TtF). A statistical analysis was performed with the significance level set at 95%. Results: All instruments decreased their TtF at 37 °C except for OC in the 3 mm radius, in which no significant difference was detected between 20 °C and 37 °C. A 3 mm curvature radius negatively affected TtF of all tested instruments, except for F6ST at 20 °C. F6ST had higher TtF than OC in the 3 mm radius at 20 °C, with no significant difference between them in the other tested conditions. Conclusions: Under the limits of the present in vitro study, body temperature impaired cyclic fatigue resistance of all files, except for OC in the 3 mm curvature radius. All instruments exhibited lower times to fracture in the 3 mm radius, excluding F6ST at 20 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Plebiscito 628, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (G.I.); (F.I.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria Shumakova
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Plebiscito 628, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (G.I.); (F.I.); (E.P.)
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Plebiscito 628, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (G.I.); (F.I.); (E.P.)
| | - Francesco Indelicato
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Plebiscito 628, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (G.I.); (F.I.); (E.P.)
| | | | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Plebiscito 628, 95124 Catania, Italy; (V.S.); (G.I.); (F.I.); (E.P.)
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The Effect of Taper and Apical Diameter on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Rotary Endodontic Files Using an Experimental Electronic Device. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the taper and apical diameter of nickel–titanium (NiTi) endodontic rotary files on the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance. A total of 50 unused conventional NiTi wire alloy endodontic rotary instruments were used in this study. All NiTi endodontic rotary files were submitted to a custom-made dynamic cyclic fatigue device until fracture occurred. The time to failure, the number of cycles to failure, the number of pecking movements, and the length of the fractured file tip were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. In addition, the Weibull characteristic strength and Weibull modulus were also calculated. The paired t-test revealed statistically significant differences between the time to failure, number of cycles to failure, and number of cycles of in-and-out movement of both the apical diameter (p ˂ 0.001) and the taper (p ˂ 0.001) of NiTi endodontic rotary files; however, the results did not show statistically significant differences between the mean length of the fractured files regarding the apical diameter (p = 0.344) and taper study groups (p = 0.344). Increased apical diameter and taper of NiTi endodontic rotary files decreased their dynamic resistance to cyclic fatigue.
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Armagan S, Haznedaroglu F. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of conventional and controlled-memory nickel titanium files before and after multi-uses in root canals. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:1321-1327. [PMID: 33429461 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine changes in the physical properties of conventional and CM nickel-titanium instruments after repeated clinical use, disinfection-sterilization processes, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sixty extracted mandibular molar mesial roots were used in this ex vivo study. The 60 teeth underwent final apical shaping (#25/.06) by the Revo-S SU (Revo-S Group: #25/.06; Micromega; n = 10) and Hyflex CM (Hyflex CM group: #25/.06; Coltene-Whaledent; n = 10) groups. One instrument of each group was used to shape six different teeth (Revo-S SU in 3 MB and 3 ML canals, and Hyflex CM in 3 MB and 3 ML canals), sequentially. The physical changes evident on the surfaces of the files after sequential use and sterilization processes were analyzed by SEM after the first, third, and sixth use. The first SEM examination was performed immediately after removal from the packages. Following first SEM examination, the files were sterilized before the first use as would be customary in practice. Qualitative evaluations were made by two evaluators, according to the following criteria: tip deformation, cutting edge deformation, debris, and microfracture. Revo-S showed a significant difference in cutting edge deformation, tip deformation, and microcrack formation, as compared to Hyflex CM. There was no significant difference between the groups in debris with the increasing number of uses. In this study, Hyflex CM (CM nickel-titanium) files showed better performance in terms of deformation and microcrack formation as the number of uses increased than did Revo-S (conventional nickel-titanium) files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Armagan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Unıversity, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Faruk Haznedaroglu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Unıversity, Istanbul, Turkey
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Van Pham K, Vo CQ. A new method for assessment of nickel-titanium endodontic instrument surface roughness using field emission scanning electronic microscope. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:240. [PMID: 32867760 PMCID: PMC7461342 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To introduce a new method for measurement of surface roughness of the endodontic instrument, before and after instrumentation, using the Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscope (FE-SEM) combined with the ImageJ software. METHODS Twenty J-shape resin blocks were divided into two groups, ten blocks of each group. Simulated root canal inside the resin block was 16 mm length, 600 angle of curvature, and radius of 4.5 mm. Ten WaveOne Gold Primary and 10 Reciproc Blue R25 instruments were used for root canal instrumentation. The instruments were scanned before and after instrumentation with special molds made to ensure the same areas at the point located 3 mm from the tips of the instruments using the FE-SEM. These scanned images were analyzed using the ImageJ. The arithmetical mean roughness (Ra), root mean square roughness (Rq), and the average distance between the highest peak and lowest valley in each sampling length (Rz) were calculated by ImageJ for quantitative analyses. The paired-t test was performed to analyze the data using the SPSS 22.0 at the significance of .05. RESULTS Almost all surface roughness values were decreased. However, these decreases were not statistically significant (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The FE-SEM combined with the ImageJ was the reliable and appropriate modality for measurement surface roughness of instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Van Pham
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 652 Nguyen Trai Street, Ward 11, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Canh Quang Vo
- Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Peters OA, Arias A, Choi A. Mechanical Properties of a Novel Nickel-titanium Root Canal Instrument: Stationary and Dynamic Tests. J Endod 2020; 46:994-1001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pedullà E, La Rosa GRM, Virgillito C, Rapisarda E, Kim HC, Generali L. Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Nickel-titanium Rotary Instruments according to the Angle of File Access and Radius of Root Canal. J Endod 2020; 46:431-436. [PMID: 31911005 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the influences from different access angles and curvature radii on cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium rotary files. METHODS Two file systems (2Shape [TS; MicroMega, Besançon, France] and HyFlex CM [HCM; Coltène/Whaledent, Allstätten, Switzerland]) were used. A total of 192 instruments of TS #25/.04 (TS1), TS #25/.06 (TS2), HCM #25/.04, and HCM #25/.06 were evaluated at 3 insertion angles (0°, 10°, and 20°) and 2 radii (5 mm and 3 mm) in 16-mm stainless steel artificial canals with a 60° curvature. Cyclic fatigue resistance was determined by the number of cycles to failure (NCF) using a customized testing device. Data were analyzed statistically with the significance level established at 95%. RESULTS In the 3-mm radius canal, the instruments showed lower cyclic fatigue resistance than in the 5-mm radius canal (P < .05). HCM #25/.06 and all .04 taper instruments had a significant NCF reduction at 20° and 10° in the 3-mm radius canal (P < .05), whereas TS2 showed no significant differences. In the 5-mm radius of curvature, although .06 taper instruments had no significant NCF reduction for each angle tested, .04 taper files exhibited significant NCF reduction when tested at 20° (P < .05). Comparing the same size instruments, HCM had higher NCF than TS (P < .05). Instruments with a .04 taper exhibited higher NCF than the .06 ones with the same heat treatment (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS An inclined insertion into the canals decreased cyclic fatigue resistance of thermal-treated instruments with a .04 taper at all radii of curvature tested. The synergistic effect of a small radius of curvature and access angulation of heat-treated instruments decreases their fatigue resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Virgillito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ernesto Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.
| | - Luigi Generali
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Gündoğar M, Özyürek T, Yılmaz K, Uslu G. Cyclic fatigue resistance of HyFlex EDM, Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold, and Twisted File Adaptive rotary files under different temperatures and ambient conditions. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2019; 13:166-171. [PMID: 31857861 PMCID: PMC6904914 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2019.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This study examined the effects of changes in temperature and environmental conditions on the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc Blue, HyFlex EDM, WaveOne Gold, and Twisted File Adaptive. Methods. Forty-five Reciproc Blue (25/.08), 45 HyFlex EDM (25/.08), 45 WaveOne Gold (25/.07), and 45 Twisted File Adaptive (25/.08) files were tested for cyclic fatigue at room temperature (20°C) in air and water and at body temperature (35°C) in water. All the instruments were rotated in artificial canals made of stainless steel with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, 60° angle of curvature and a radius of curvature of 5 mm until fracture occurred; the time to fracture was recorded in seconds, using a digital chronometer. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the statistical analysis of data, with SPSS 21.0. Results. Cyclic fatigue resistance was significantly higher in all the groups in water at an ambient temperature of 20°C compared with air and water at temperatures of 20°C and 35°C, respectively (P<0.05). The intragroup analysis revealed that HyFlex EDM had the highest cyclic fatigue resistance, followed by Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold, and Twisted File Adaptive in both air and water at 20°C (P<0.05). HyFlex EDM exhibited the highest cyclic fatigue resistance in water at 35°C, whereas there was no significant difference between the other groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. Within the limitations of the present study, an increase in the ambient temperature significantly decreased the cyclic fatigue resistance of the tested NiTi files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gündoğar
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Taha Özyürek
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Koray Yılmaz
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Uslu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Keskin NB, Inan U. Cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary NiTi instruments produced with four different manufacturing methods. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1642-1648. [PMID: 31254483 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary NiTi files, produced with four different manufacturing methods on specially designed dynamic models that simulated clinical conditions. In this study, 120 files, consisting of 30 files for Typhoon, ProTaper Next, RaCe, and Twisted Files nickel titanium rotary systems were used. The 30 files of each group were divided into three subgroups to be used in artificial canals with a 60° angle of curvature and radii of curvature of 2, 5, and 8 mm (n = 10). All files were rotated in the artificial canals until fracture occurred and the number of cycles to fracture was calculated. The data were analyzed using one- and two-way analyses of variance and Tamhane multiple comparison tests. In all three groups, Typhoon instruments had the highest number of cycles to failure than the RaCe, ProTaper Next, and Twisted Files instruments, and the difference statistically significant (p < .05). There were no significant differences between the RaCe, ProTaper Next, and Twisted Files groups (p > .05). The CM wire Typhoon system was significantly more resistant to cyclic fatigue compared to the other file systems in all three artificial canals. When the fracture resistance of an instrument in three different artificial canals was compared, the mean NCFs decreased as the radius of the curvature of the canal decreased from 8 to 2 mm. Manufacturing method is one of the most important factors on cyclic fatigue resistance, also the radius of curvature effects the cyclic fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan B Keskin
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Uğur Inan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Uslu G, İnan U. Effect of glide path preparation with PathFile and ProGlider on the cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne nickel-titanium files. Restor Dent Endod 2019; 44:e22. [PMID: 31149620 PMCID: PMC6529800 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2019.44.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glide path preparation with PathFile and ProGlider nickel-titanium (NiTi) files on the cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne NiTi files. Materials and Methods Forty-four WaveOne Primary files were used and divided into four groups (n = 11). In the first group (0 WaveOne), the WaveOne Primary files served as a control group and were not used on acrylic blocks. In the 1 WaveOne Group, acrylic blocks were prepared using only WaveOne Primary files, and in the PF+WaveOne group and PG+WaveOne groups, acrylic blocks were first prepared with PathFile or ProGlider NiTi files, respectively, followed by the use of WaveOne Primary files. All the WaveOne Primary files were then subjected to cyclic fatigue testing. The number of cycles to failure was calculated and the data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey honest significant difference multiple-comparison test at a 5% significance level. Results The highest number of cycles to failure was found in the control group, and the lowest numbers were found in the 1 WaveOne group and the PF+WaveOne group. Significant differences were found among the 1 WaveOne, PF+WaveOne, and control groups (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the PG+WaveOne group and the other three groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Glide path preparation with NiTi rotary files did not affect the cyclic fatigue resistance of WaveOne Primary files used on acrylic blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülşah Uslu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Uğur İnan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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27
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Surface nanoscale profile of WaveOne, WaveOne Gold, Reciproc, and Reciproc blue, before and after root canal preparation. Odontology 2019; 107:500-506. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Mantri S, Jaiswal N, Paul B, Dube K, Singh V, Bhatnagar N. Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness and fracture rate of three pathfinding nickel-titanium rotary instruments, Mtwo, OneG, and ProGlider, in mechanically negotiating moderately curved molar canals to the full working length. J Conserv Dent 2019; 22:260-265. [PMID: 31367110 PMCID: PMC6632637 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_487_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the scouting ability of three pathfinding nickel-titanium rotary instruments in moderately curved molar canals. Materials and Methods: Ninety maxillary and mandibular molars were collected and were divided randomly into three groups each having 15 maxillary and 15 mandibular molars. The teeth were mounted on a specific apparatus for simulation of dento-alveolar socket. After access cavity preparation, the canals were negotiated with 08 K-file. Glide path preparation was performed using Mtwo or ProGlider or OneG instruments. The number of teeth in which the file reached the full working length (RFWL), number of passes required, and number of fractured instruments were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis using Chi-square, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney tests. Results: There was a significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05). The RFWL of ProGlider was significantly higher than that of Mtwo (P = 0.005) and OneG (P = 0.037). The percentage of fracture with ProGlider was 6.67% and both Mtwo and OneG had 26.67% frequency. The difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in the number of insertion passes in maxillary distobuccal (P < 0.05), mandibular mesiobuccal (P < 0.01), and distal (P < 0.01) canals. ProGlider was the most effective pathfinding instrument due to its file's design and a progressive taper of 2%–8%. This achieves a greater preflaring of the coronal and middle portions of the root canal, rendering the advance of the instrument toward the apex easier. Conclusion: ProGlider performed more efficiently and with less instrument breakage in scouting moderately curved canals of molar teeth.
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Ruiz-Sánchez C, Faus-Matoses V, Alegre-Domingo T, Faus-Matoses I, Faus-Llácer VJ. An in vitro cyclic fatigue resistance comparison of conventional and new generation nickel-titanium rotary files. J Clin Exp Dent 2018; 10:e805-e809. [PMID: 30305880 PMCID: PMC6174015 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New designs and processing of Niquel-Titanium (NiTi) have been introduced to increase resistance to cyclic fatigue. The purpose of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of 3 NiTi rotary instruments, ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Profile Vortex Blue (PVB; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA) and ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Material and Methods A cyclic fatigue test was conducted operating instruments from ProTaper Next X2, Profile Vortex Blue 25.06 and ProTaper F2. A total of 234 instruments were rotated in 2 simulated stainless steel curved canals with different angles of curvature (45º and 60°) and 5-mm radius of curvature. The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was calculated. Data were compared using 2-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Bonferroni test in software (SPSS 15.0, Chicago, IL). Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results Profile Vortex Blue showed higher resistance to cyclic fatigue in both curved canals than ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal (P<0.001). ProTaper Universal obtained the lowest resistance to cyclic fatigue in both canals (P<0.001). Conclusions Profile Vortex Blue was the most resistant to cyclic fatigue failure, followed by ProTaper Next and ProTaper Universal. Anatomical complexity (angle of curvature) and manufacturing process of NiTi are important factors for resistance to cyclic fatigue. Key words:Cyclic fatigue, M-Wire, Protaper Next, ProTaper Universal, Profile Vortex Blue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Ruiz-Sánchez
- Master of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Stomatology, Medicine and Dental School, Valencia University, Spain
| | - Vicente Faus-Matoses
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Co-director of the Master of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Stomatology, Medicine and Dental School, Valencia University, Spain
| | - Teresa Alegre-Domingo
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Professor of the Master of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Stomatology, Medicine and Dental School, Valencia University, Spain
| | - Ignacio Faus-Matoses
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Professor of the Master in Orthodontics, Department of Stomatology, Medicine and Dental School, Valencia University, Spain
| | - Vicente-José Faus-Llácer
- MD, DDS, PhD. Director of the Master of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Stomatology, Medicine and Dental School, Valencia University, Spain
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Barbosa I, Ferreira F, Scelza P, Neff J, Russano D, Montagnana M, Zaccaro Scelza M. Defect propagation in NiTi rotary instruments: a noncontact optical profilometry analysis. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1271-1278. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Barbosa
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niteroi RJ Brazil
| | - F. Ferreira
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niteroi RJ Brazil
| | - P. Scelza
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niteroi RJ Brazil
| | - J. Neff
- ZYGO Corporation; Middlefield CT USA
| | | | | | - M. Zaccaro Scelza
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niteroi RJ Brazil
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Zupanc J, Vahdat-Pajouh N, Schäfer E. New thermomechanically treated NiTi alloys - a review. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1088-1103. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Zupanc
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry; Westphalian Wilhelms-University; Münster Germany
| | - N. Vahdat-Pajouh
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry; Westphalian Wilhelms-University; Münster Germany
| | - E. Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry; Münster Germany
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32
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Comparison of Alterations in the Surface Topographies of HyFlex CM and HyFlex EDM Nickel-titanium Files after Root Canal Preparation: A Three-dimensional Optical Profilometry Study. J Endod 2018; 44:115-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Ferreira FG, Barbosa IB, Scelza P, Montagnana MB, Russano D, Neff J, Scelza MZ. Noncontact three-dimensional evaluation of surface alterations and wear in NiTi endodontic instruments. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e74. [PMID: 29019548 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to undertake a qualitative and quantitative assessment of nanoscale alterations and wear on the surfaces of nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic instruments, before and after use, through a high-resolution, noncontact, three-dimensional optical profiler, and to verify the accuracy of the evaluation method. Cutting blade surfaces of two different brands of NiTi endodontic instruments, Reciproc R25 (n = 5) and WaveOne Primary (n = 5), were examined and compared before and after two uses in simulated root canals made in clear resin blocks. The analyses were performed on three-dimensional images which were obtained from surface areas measuring 211 × 211 µm, located 3 mm from their tips. The quantitative evaluation of the samples was conducted before and after the first and second usage, by the recordings of three amplitude parameters. The data were subjected to statistical analysis at a 5% level of significance. The results revealed statistically significant increases in the surface wear of both instruments groups after the second use. The presence of irregularities was found on the surface topography of all the instruments, before and after use. Regardless of the evaluation stage, most of the defects were observed in the WaveOne instruments. The three-dimensional technique was suitable and effective for the accurate investigation of the same surfaces of the instruments in different periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Bastos Barbosa
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Department of Endodontics, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pantaleo Scelza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Department of Endodontics, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Russano
- Zygo Corporation, Middlefield, CT, United States of America
| | - John Neff
- Zygo Corporation, Middlefield, CT, United States of America
| | - Miriam Zaccaro Scelza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Department of Endodontics, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
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Kwak SW, Lee JY, Goo HJ, Kim HC. Effect of surface treatment on the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium files with a similar cross-section. Restor Dent Endod 2017; 42:216-223. [PMID: 28808638 PMCID: PMC5553021 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2017.42.3.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of various nickel-titanium (NiTi) files with similar tapers and cross-sectional areas depending on whether they were surface-treated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three NiTi file systems with a similar convex triangular cross-section and the same ISO #25 tip size were selected for this study: G6 (G6), ProTaper Universal (PTU), and Dia-PT (DPT). To test torsional resistance, 5 mm of the straightened file's tip was fixed between polycarbonate blocks (n = 15/group) and continuous clockwise rotation until fracture was conducted using a customized device. To evaluate cyclic fatigue resistance, files were rotated in an artificial curved canal until fracture in a dynamic mode (n = 15/group). The torsional data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post-hoc comparison test, while the cyclic fatigue data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of 95%. RESULTS PTU showed significantly greater toughness, followed by DPT and G6 (p < 0.05). G6 showed the lowest resistance in ultimate torsional strength, while it showed a higher fracture angle than the other files (p < 0.05). In the cyclic fatigue test, DPT showed a significantly higher number of cycles to failure than PTU or G6 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the torsional resistance of NiTi files was affected by the cross-sectional area, while the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi files was influenced by the surface treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Joo Yeong Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Goo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
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35
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The Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid Surface Treatment on the Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of K3 NiTi Instruments. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2017; 2017:3189729. [PMID: 28539854 PMCID: PMC5433420 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3189729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 50% hydrofluoric acid (HF) surface treatment on the cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of K3 NiTi instruments. Twenty as-received and twenty HF-treated K3 NiTi instruments were compared in CFR. The surface texture and fracture surface of two instrument groups were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, any change of Ni and Ti composition from both instrument groups was investigated using energy dispersive spectrometry. The results were analyzed with t-test. The HF-treated K3 group showed statistically higher cyclic fatigue resistance than as-received K3 group (P < 0.05). HF-treated K3 instruments showed smoother and rounded surface compared to as-received K3 under SEM observation. The fracture surfaces of both groups showed typical patterns of cyclic fatigue fracture. There was no difference in surface Ni and Ti composition between two groups. HF treatment of K3 instruments smoothed the file surface and increased the cyclic fatigue resistance, while it had no effect on surface ion composition and the file fracture pattern.
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36
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Pedullà E, Corsentino G, Ambu E, Rovai F, Campedelli F, Rapisarda S, La Rosa GR, Rapisarda E, Grandini S. Influence of continuous rotation or reciprocation of Optimum Torque Reverse motion on cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Int Endod J 2017; 51:522-528. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical - Medical Specialties; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - G. Corsentino
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - E. Ambu
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - F. Rovai
- Private Practition; Perugia Italy
| | - F. Campedelli
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - S. Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical - Medical Specialties; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - G. R. La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical - Medical Specialties; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - E. Rapisarda
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical - Medical Specialties; University of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - S. Grandini
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry; University of Siena; Siena Italy
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37
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Ferreira F, Barbosa I, Scelza P, Russano D, Neff J, Montagnana M, Zaccaro Scelza M. A new method for the assessment of the surface topography of NiTi rotary instruments. Int Endod J 2016; 50:902-909. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Ferreira
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niteroi RJ Brazil
| | - I. Barbosa
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niteroi RJ Brazil
| | - P. Scelza
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niteroi RJ Brazil
| | | | - J. Neff
- Zygo Corporation; Middlefield CT USA
| | | | - M. Zaccaro Scelza
- Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niteroi RJ Brazil
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38
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Cai JJ, Tang XN, Ge JY. Effect of irrigation on surface roughness and fatigue resistance of controlled memory wire nickel-titanium instruments. Int Endod J 2016; 50:718-724. [PMID: 27388432 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.-J. Cai
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - X.-N. Tang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - J.-Y. Ge
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital; Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
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39
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Chi CW, Deng YL, Lee JW, Lin CP. Fracture resistance of dental nickel-titanium rotary instruments with novel surface treatment: Thin film metallic glass coating. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 116:373-379. [PMID: 27502895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Dental nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments are widely used in endodontic therapy because they are efficient with a higher success rate. However, an unpredictable fracture of instruments may happen due to the surface characteristics of imperfection (or irregularity). This study assessed whether a novel surface treatment could increase fatigue fracture resistance of dental NiTi rotary instruments. METHODS A 200- or 500-nm thick Ti-zirconium-boron (Ti-Zr-B) thin film metallic glass was deposited on ProTaper Universal F2 files using a physical vapor deposition process. The characteristics of coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. In cyclic fatigue tests, the files were performed in a simulated root canal (radius=5 mm, angulation=60°) under a rotating speed of 300rpm. The fatigue fractured cross sections of the files were analyzed with their fractographic performances through scanning electron microscopy images. RESULTS The amorphous structure of the Ti-Zr-B coating was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The surface of treated files presented smooth morphologies without grinding irregularity. For the 200- and 500-nm surface treatment groups, the coated files exhibited higher resistance of cyclic fatigue than untreated files. In fractographic analysis, treated files showed significantly larger crack-initiation zone; however, no significant differences in the areas of fatigue propagation and catastrophic fracture were found compared to untreated files. CONCLUSION The novel surface treatment of Ti-Zr-B thin film metallic glass on dental NiTi rotary files can effectively improve the fatigue fracture resistance by offering a smooth coated surface with amorphous microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wen Chi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Deng
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Wei Lee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Center for Thin Films Technologies and Applications, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan; College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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40
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Lopes HP, Elias CN, Vieira MVB, Vieira VTL, de Souza LC, Dos Santos AL. Influence of Surface Roughness on the Fatigue Life of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Endodontic Instruments. J Endod 2016; 42:965-8. [PMID: 27080117 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of the present study was to evaluate the influence of surface grooves (peaks and valleys) resulting from machining during the manufacturing process of polished and unpolished nickel-titanium BR4C endodontic files on the fatigue life of the instruments. METHODS Ten electropolished and 10 unpolished endodontic files were provided by the manufacturer. Specimens were from the same batch, but the unpolished instruments were removed from the production line before surface treatment. The instruments were evaluated with a profilometer to quantify the surface roughness on the working part of the instruments. Then the files were subjected to rotating bending fatigue tests. RESULTS Analysis with the profilometer showed that surface grooves were deeper on the unpolished instruments compared with their electropolished counterparts. In the rotating bending fatigue test, the mean and standard deviation for the number of cycles until fracture (NCF) were greater for instruments with less pronounced grooves. Student t test revealed significant differences in all tests (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The results from the present study showed that the depth of the surface grooves on the working part affected the NCF of the instruments tested; the smaller the groove depth, the greater the NCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio P Lopes
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos N Elias
- Materials Science Department, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia V B Vieira
- Advanced Education Program in Endodontics, Funorte, Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Victor T L Vieira
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia Chaves de Souza
- Materials Science Department, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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41
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Performance of NiTi endodontic instrument under different temperatures. Odontology 2015; 104:324-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-015-0214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Kim BH, Ha JH, Lee WC, Kwak SW, Kim HC. Effect from surface treatment of nickel-titanium rotary files on the fracture resistance. SCANNING 2015; 37:82-87. [PMID: 25488324 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance and torsional resistance of rotary instruments with and without surface treatment. G6 A2 (Group A2) with and G6 A2 without surface treatment after machining (Group AN) were compared in this study. ProTaper F2 (Group F2) which has similar dimension and shape was also used for comparison. To evaluate the torsional resistance, ultimate torsional strength and distortion angle until fracture were recorded, and the toughness was calculated. The cyclic fatigue resistance was compared by evaluating the number of cycles to failure in a simulated canal. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (p = 0.05). After torsional and cyclic fatigue tests, all fracture fragments were observed under a scanning electron microscope. Group A2 showed higher cyclic fatigue resistance than the groups AN and F2 (p < 0.05). Although group A2 demonstrated lower ultimate torsional strength than the others, there were no significant differences in toughness among the groups. While obvious machining grooves were seen in groups AN and F2, group A2 showed smooth surface resulting from the surface treatment. The specimens of fracture fragments showed typical features of cyclic failure such as micro-cracks, overloaded fast fracture zone, and torsional fracture such as unwinding helix, circular abrasion marks and dimples. Under the conditions of this study, the surface treated instruments may improve cyclic fatigue resistance while maintaining the torsional resistances and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hoon Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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43
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Elnaghy AM. Cyclic fatigue resistance of ProTaper Next nickel-titanium rotary files. Int Endod J 2014; 47:1034-9. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Elnaghy
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Mansoura University; Mansoura Egypt
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44
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MIYARA K, YAHATA Y, HAYASHI Y, TSUTSUMI Y, EBIHARA A, HANAWA T, SUDA H. The influence of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of Ni-Ti file materials. Dent Mater J 2014; 33:27-31. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Medha A, Patil S, Hoshing U, Bandekar S. Evaluation of Forces Generated on Three Different Rotary File Systems in Apical Third of Root Canal using Finite Element Analysis. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 8:243-6. [PMID: 24596786 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/7919.3903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM AIM of the study is to evaluate the distribution of forces on the instrument in the apical 3rd of curved canal with three Nickel Titanium rotary systems. METHODOLOGY Three brands of instruments (ProTaper Universal; DENTSPLY Maillefer, RevoS; MicroMega and Hyflex; Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland) were scanned with the Laser assisted computerized scanner to produce a real-size, 3-dimensional (3-D) model for each. The stresses on the instrument during simulated shaping of a root canal were analyzed numerically by using a 3-D finite element package, taking into account the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the nickel-titanium material. RESULTS RevoS shows lowest values for force generation in the apical 3rd of canal as compared to Protaper which shows highest values, while Hyflex shows intermediate values for forces. CONCLUSION With FE simulation of root canal shaping by 3 files, it was observed that different instrument designs would experience unequal degree of force generation in canal, as well as reaction torque from the root canal wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Medha
- Professor, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Kavalapur Sangli- 416306, India
| | - Suvarna Patil
- Professor & Head, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital , Kavalapur, Sangli- 416306, India
| | - Upendra Hoshing
- Professor, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital , Kavalapur, Sangli- 416306, India
| | - Siddhesh Bandekar
- Student, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital , Kavalapur, Sangli- 416306, India
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46
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Fayyad DM, Mahran AH. Atomic force microscopic evaluation of nanostructure alterations of rotary NiTi instruments after immersion in irrigating solutions. Int Endod J 2013; 47:567-73. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Fayyad
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
| | - A. H. Mahran
- Department of Endodontics; Faculty of Dentistry; Ain Shams University; Cairo Egypt
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Shen Y, Zhou HM, Wang Z, Campbell L, Zheng YF, Haapasalo M. Phase transformation behavior and mechanical properties of thermomechanically treated K3XF nickel-titanium instruments. J Endod 2013; 39:919-23. [PMID: 23791264 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The bending and torsional properties of thermomechanically treated K3XF (SybronEndo, Orange, CA) nickel-titanium instruments in relation to their phase transformation behavior were evaluated. METHODS NiTi instruments K3 (SybronEndo) and K3XF, both in sizes 25/.04 and 40/.04, were examined by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The metal composition was determined by scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometric analyses. The bending property of K3 and K3XF instruments was measured in a cantilever-bending test with a maximum deflection of 4.00 mm. A torsional test of the instruments was evaluated according to the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association Specification No. 28. RESULTS K3 and K3XF instruments had approximately the same chemical composition with a nickel content of 48-49 atomic %. The differential scanning calorimetry analyses showed that each segment of the K3XF instruments (24.89°C ± 1.98°C) had a higher austenite finish temperature than the K3 instruments (17.63°C ± 1.76°C) (P < .05). The bending load values were significantly lower for K3XF than for K3 in the superelastic ranges (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference between K3 and K3XF in the maximum torque or maximum angular deflection before failure. The torque at fracture values of K3 and K3XF increased significantly with the diameter (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS K3XF exhibited different phase transformation behavior and flexibility when compared with K3, which may be attributed to the special heat treatment history of K3XF instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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McGuigan MB, Louca C, Duncan HF. Endodontic instrument fracture: causes and prevention. Br Dent J 2013; 214:341-8. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shen Y, Zhou HM, Zheng YF, Peng B, Haapasalo M. Current Challenges and Concepts of the Thermomechanical Treatment of Nickel-Titanium Instruments. J Endod 2013; 39:163-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Shen Y, Coil JM, Zhou H, Zheng Y, Haapasalo M. HyFlex nickel-titanium rotary instruments after clinical use: metallurgical properties. Int Endod J 2013; 46:720-9. [PMID: 23330612 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the type and location of defects in HyFlex CM instruments after clinical use in a graduate endodontic programme and to examine the impact of clinical use on their metallurgical properties. METHODOLOGY A total of 468 HyFlex CM instruments discarded from a graduate endodontic programme were collected after use in three teeth. The incidence and type of instrument defects were analysed. The lateral surfaces of the defect instruments were examined by scanning electron microscopy. New and clinically used instruments were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Vickers hardness was measured with a 200-g load near the flutes for new and clinically used axially sectioned instruments. Data were analysed using one-way anova or Tukey's multiple comparison test. RESULTS Of the 468 HyFlex instruments collected, no fractures were observed and 16 (3.4%) revealed deformation. Of all the unwound instruments, size 20, .04 taper unwound the most often (n = 5) followed by size 25, .08 taper (n = 4). The trend of DSC plots of new instruments and clinically used (with and without defects) instruments groups were very similar. The DSC analyses showed that HyFlex instruments had an austenite transformation completion or austenite-finish (Af ) temperature exceeding 37 °C. The Af temperatures of HyFlex instruments (with or without defects) after multiple clinical use were much lower than in new instruments (P < 0.05). The enthalpy values for the transformation from martensitic to austenitic on deformed instruments were smaller than in the new instruments at the tip region (P < 0.05). XRD results showed that NiTi instruments had austenite and martensite structure on both new and used HyFlex instruments at room temperature. No significant difference in microhardness was detected amongst new and used instruments (with and without defects). CONCLUSIONS The risk of HyFlex instruments fracture in the canal is very low when instruments are discarded after three cases of clinical use. New HyFlex instruments were a mixture of martensite and austenite structure at body temperature. Multiple clinical use caused significant changes in the microstructural properties of HyFlex instruments. Smaller instruments should be considered as single-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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