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Huang WC, Hou SM, Wu MP, Hsia CW, Jayakumar T, Hsia CH, Bhavan PS, Chung CL, Sheu JR. Decreased Human Platelet Activation and Mouse Pulmonary Thrombosis by Rutaecarpine and Comparison of the Relative Effectiveness with BAY11-7082: Crucial Signals of p38-NF-κB. Molecules 2022; 27:476. [PMID: 35056795 PMCID: PMC8780806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a critical role in arterial thrombosis. Rutaecarpine (RUT) was purified from Tetradium ruticarpum, a well-known Chinese medicine. This study examined the relative activity of RUT with NF-κB inhibitors in human platelets. BAY11-7082 (an inhibitor of IκB kinase [IKK]), Ro106-9920 (an inhibitor of proteasomes), and RUT concentration-dependently (1-6 μM) inhibited platelet aggregation and P-selectin expression. RUT was found to have a similar effect to that of BAY11-7082; however, it exhibits more effectiveness than Ro106-9920. RUT suppresses the NF-κB pathway as it inhibits IKK, IκBα, and p65 phosphorylation and reverses IκBα degradation in activated platelets. This study also investigated the role of p38 and NF-κB in cell signaling events and found that SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38) markedly reduced p38, IKK, and p65 phosphorylation and reversed IκBα degradation as well as p65 activation in a confocal microscope, whereas BAY11-7082 had no effects in p38 phosphorylation. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay shows that RUT and BAY11-7082 did not exhibit free radical scavenging activity. In the in vivo study, compared with BAY11-7082, RUT more effectively reduced mortality in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced acute pulmonary thromboembolism without affecting the bleeding time. In conclusion, a distinctive pathway of p38-mediated NF-κB activation may involve RUT-mediated antiplatelet activation, and RUT could act as a strong prophylactic or therapeutic drug for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (S.-M.H.); (M.-P.W.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
| | - Shaw-Min Hou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (S.-M.H.); (M.-P.W.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ping Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (S.-M.H.); (M.-P.W.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
- Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (S.-M.H.); (M.-P.W.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (S.-M.H.); (M.-P.W.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsia
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan;
| | | | - Chi-Li Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (S.-M.H.); (M.-P.W.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
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Huang CJ, Huang WC, Lin WT, Shu LH, Sheu JR, Tran OT, Hsia CW, Jayakumar T, Bhavan PS, Hsieh CY, Chang CC. Rutaecarpine, an Alkaloid from Evodia rutaecarpa, Can Prevent Platelet Activation in Humans and Reduce Microvascular Thrombosis in Mice: Crucial Role of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signal Axis through a Cyclic Nucleotides/VASP-Independent Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011109. [PMID: 34681769 PMCID: PMC8537152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of activated platelets in acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is well established. Therefore, antiplatelet drugs significantly reduce the risk of severe CVDs. Evodia rutaecarpa (Wu-Chu-Yu) is a well-known Chinese medicine, and rutaecarpine (Rut) is a main bioactive component with substantial beneficial properties including vasodilation. To address a research gap, we investigated the inhibitory mechanisms of Rut in washed human platelets and experimental mice. At low concentrations (1–5 μM), Rut strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, whereas it exerted only a slight or no effect on platelets stimulated with other agonists (e.g., thrombin). Rut markedly inhibited P-selectin expression; adenosine triphosphate release; [Ca2+]i mobilization; hydroxyl radical formation; and phospholipase C (PLC)γ2/protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation stimulated by collagen. SQ22536 (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor) or ODQ (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor) did not reverse Rut-mediated antiplatelet aggregation. Rut was not directly responding to vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation. Rut significantly increased the occlusion time of fluorescence irradiated thrombotic platelet plug formation. The findings demonstrated that Rut exerts a strong effect against platelet activation through the PLCγ2/PKC and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathways. Thus, Rut can be a potential therapeutic agent for thromboembolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Integrative Research Center for Critical Care, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-T.L.); (J.-R.S.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-T.L.); (J.-R.S.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
| | - Lan-Hsin Shu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-T.L.); (J.-R.S.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Oanh-Thi Tran
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Wei Hsia
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-T.L.); (J.-R.S.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (W.-T.L.); (J.-R.S.); (C.-W.H.); (T.J.)
| | | | - Cheng-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 3194) (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Chao-Chien Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 3194) (C.-Y.H.)
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Rutaecarpine: A promising cardiovascular protective alkaloid from Evodia rutaecarpa (Wu Zhu Yu). Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:541-550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Lima JA, Hamerski L. Alkaloids as Potential Multi-Target Drugs to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64183-0.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Lee CM, Gu JA, Rau TG, Wang C, Yen CH, Huang SH, Lin FY, Lin CM, Huang ST. Synthetic Fluororutaecarpine Inhibits Inflammatory Stimuli and Activates Endothelial Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-Type 1. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040656. [PMID: 28422079 PMCID: PMC6153741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural product, rutaecarpine (RUT), is the main effective component of Evodia rutaecarpa which is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. It has vasodilation, anticoagulation, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, further therapeutic applications are limited by its cytotoxicity. Thus, a derivative of RUT, 10-fluoro-2-methoxyrutaecarpine (F-RUT), was designed and synthesized that showed no cytotoxicity toward RAW264.7 macrophages at 20 μM. In an anti-inflammation experiment, it inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages; cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) induced by LPS were also downregulated. After 24 h of treatment, F-RUT significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion of ovarian A2780 cells. Furthermore, F-RUT promoted expressions of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) and endothelial (e)NOS in human aortic endothelial cells, and predominantly reduced the inflammation in ovalbumin/alum-challenged mice. These results suggest that the novel synthetic F-RUT exerts activities against inflammation and vasodilation, while displaying less toxicity than its lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ming Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Jiun-An Gu
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Tin-Gan Rau
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Chi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Han Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hao Huang
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Taipei College of Maritime Technology, Taipei 11174, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Mao Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Tung Huang
- Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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Rastogi S, Pandey MM, Rawat AKS. Traditional herbs: a remedy for cardiovascular disorders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1082-9. [PMID: 26656228 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medicinal plants have been used in patients with congestive heart failure, systolic hypertension, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, cerebral insufficiency, venous insufficiency and arrhythmia since centuries. A recent increase in the popularity of alternative medicine and natural products has revived interest in traditional remedies that have been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. AIM The purpose of this review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the history and traditional uses of some herbal medicines that affect the cardiovascular system in order to explore their therapeutic potential and evaluate future research opportunities. METHODS Systematic literature searches were carried out and the available information on various medicinal plants traditionally used for cardiovascular disorders was collected via electronic search (using Pubmed, SciFinder, Scirus, GoogleScholar, JCCC@INSTIRC and Web of Science) and a library search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals. No restrictions regarding the language of publication were imposed. RESULTS This article highlights the cardiovascular effects of four potent traditional botanicals viz. Garlic (Allium sativum), Guggul (Commiphora wightii), Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) and Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna). Although these plants have been used in the treatment of heart disease for hundreds of years, current research methods show us they can be utilized effectively in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias and hypertension. CONCLUSION Although the mechanisms of action are not very clear, there is enough evidence of their efficacy in various cardiovascular disorders. However, for bringing more objectivity and also to confirm traditional claims, more systematic, well-designed animal and randomized clinical studies with sufficient sample sizes are necessary. Multidisciplinary research is still required to exploit the vast potential of these plants. Potential synergistic and adverse side effects of herb-drug interactions also need to be studied. These approaches will help in establishing them as remedies for cardiovascular diseases and including them in the mainstream of healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Rastogi
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India.
| | - Madan Mohan Pandey
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - A K S Rawat
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR- National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Low-cytotoxic synthetic bromorutaecarpine exhibits anti-inflammation and activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 activities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:795095. [PMID: 24369537 PMCID: PMC3863474 DOI: 10.1155/2013/795095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rutaecarpine (RUT), the major bioactive ingredient isolated from the Chinese herb Evodia rutaecarpa, possesses a wide spectrum of biological activities, including anti-inflammation and preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, its high cytotoxicity hampers pharmaceutical development. We designed and synthesized a derivative of RUT, bromo-dimethoxyrutaecarpine (Br-RUT), which showed no cytotoxicity at 20 μM. Br-RUT suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production and tumor necrosis factor-α release in concentration-dependent (0~20 μM) manners in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages; protein levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 induced by LPS were downregulated. Br-RUT inhibited cell migration and invasion of ovarian carcinoma A2780 cells with 0~48 h of treatment. Furthermore, Br-RUT enhanced the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 and activated endothelial NOS in human aortic endothelial cells. These results suggest that the synthetic Br-RUT possesses very low cytotoxicity but retains its activities against inflammation and vasodilation that could be beneficial for cardiovascular disease therapeutics.
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Maione F, Cicala C, Musciacco G, De Feo V, Amat AG, Ialenti A, Mascolo N. Phenols, Alkaloids and Terpenes from Medicinal Plants with Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Activities. A Review of Natural Products as Leads to Potential Therapeutic Agents. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies support the cardiovascular effects of medicinal plants. This review examines plants whose antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects have been scientifically validated. Our study selected only chemically characterized plants whose mode of action had already been investigated. The aim of the paper is to provide a quick way to identify medicinal plants and their constituents with antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maione
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carla Cicala
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Musciacco
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Anibal G. Amat
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Quimicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Felix de Azara 1552, 3300 Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Armando Ialenti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Mascolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Zaima K, Koga I, Iwasawa N, Hosoya T, Hirasawa Y, Kaneda T, Ismail IS, Lajis NH, Morita H. Vasorelaxant activity of indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana dichotoma. J Nat Med 2012; 67:9-16. [PMID: 22350216 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to search for bioactive natural products from medicinal plants targeting vasorelaxant activity and we found the methanol extract from bark of Tabernaemontana dichotoma showed vasorelaxant activity on rat aorta. We isolated eight indole alkaloids including 10-methoxyalstonerine (1), a new macroline type indole alkaloid, from bark of T. dichotoma. These were respectively identified as 10-methoxyaffinisine (2), lochnerine (3), cathafoline (4), (-)-alstonerine (5), 19,20-dehydro-10-methoxytalcarpine (6), alstonisine (7), and alstonal (8) based on spectroscopic analysis. Among them, sarpagine type (2 and 3), akuammiline type (4), and macroline oxindole type (7 and 8) showed potent vasorelaxant activity. Mechanism of action on vasorelaxant activity of 10-methoxyaffinisine (2), cathafoline (4), and alstonisine (7) was clarified. Effects of 10-methoxyaffinisine (2), cathafoline (4), and alstonisine (7) were partially mediated the NO release from endothelial cells. Furthermore, 10-methoxyaffinisine (2) and alstonisine (7) attribute to the inhibitory effect of VDC and ROC, and cathafoline (4) have inhibitory effect on Ca(2+) influx via ROC. In addition, 10-methoxyaffinisine (2) as a major compound from bark of T. dichotoma showed hypotensive effect on normotensive rats in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Zaima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Cardiovascular Pharmacological Actions of Rutaecarpine, a Quinazolinocarboline Alkaloid Isolated From Evodia rutaecarpa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecm.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Liao JF, Chiou WF, Shen YC, Wang GJ, Chen CF. Anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious effects of Evodia rutaecarpa (Wuzhuyu) and its major bioactive components. Chin Med 2011; 6:6. [PMID: 21320305 PMCID: PMC3046897 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the anti-inflammatory relative and anti-infectious effects of Evodia rutaecarpa and its major bioactive components and the involvement of the nitric oxide synthases, cyclooxygenase, NADPH oxidase, nuclear factor kappa B, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, reactive oxygen species, prostaglandins, tumor necrosis factor, LIGHT, amyloid protein and orexigenic neuropeptides. Their potential applications for the treatment of endotoxaemia, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and their uses as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal protective agents, analgesics, anti-oxidant, anti-atherosclerosis agents, dermatological agents and anti-infectious agents are highlighted. Stimulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide release may partially explain the analgesic, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal protective, anti-obese activities of Evodia rutaecarpa and its major bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Fei Liao
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, No 155, Sec 2, Linong Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fei Chiou
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, No 155-1, Sec 2, Linong Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, No 155-1, Sec 2, Linong Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Guei-Jane Wang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, No 155-1, Sec 2, Linong Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Fu Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, No 155, Sec 2, Linong Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, No 155-1, Sec 2, Linong Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Pharmacological effects of rutaecarpine as a cardiovascular protective agent. Molecules 2010; 15:1873-81. [PMID: 20336017 PMCID: PMC6257227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies indicate that traditional Chinese herbs are beneficial in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Evodia rutaecarpa (‘Wu-Chu-Yu’) remains the most popular and multi-purpose herb traditionally used in China for treatment of headache, abdominal pain, postpartum hemorrhage, dysentery and amenorrhea. Rutaecarpine is one of the intriguing indolopyridoquinazoline alkaloids isolated from ‘Wu-Chu-Yu’. Rutaecarpine has been shown to have cardiovascular biological effects such as inotropic and chronotropic, vasorelaxant, anti-platelet aggregation and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, it has been reported that rutaecarpine has beneficial effects on some cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes data on the cardiovascular pharmacological actions of rutaecarpine the published over the recent years, aiming to provide more evidence supporting its use in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Miike T, Kunishiro K, Kanda M, Azukizawa S, Kurahashi K, Shirahase H. Impairment of endothelium-dependent ACh-induced relaxation in aorta of diabetic db/db mice--possible dysfunction of receptor and/or receptor-G protein coupling. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 377:401-10. [PMID: 18228001 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-008-0261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a risk factor of ischemic heart disease, cerebral ischemia, and atherosclerosis, in which endothelial dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis. We examined vascular responses in the aorta of pre-diabetic db/db mice with normoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia (6 weeks old), and diabetic db/db mice with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia (11 weeks old) in comparison with age-matched non-diabetic db/+ mice. Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha)-induced contraction was significantly enhanced in the aorta of diabetic but not pre-diabetic db/db mice compared to age-matched non-diabetic db/+ mice. Acetylcholine (ACh), adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP), NaF, a G protein activator and A-23187, a Ca-ionophore, caused endothelium-dependent and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxation, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, caused endothelium-independent relaxation in the pre-contracted aorta of db/db mice. Maximal endothelium-dependent ACh-induced relaxation was reduced in diabetic but not pre-diabetic db/db mice compared to age-matched db/+ mice, while maximal SNP-induced relaxation was not different between diabetic and non-diabetic mice. ACh-induced relaxation in diabetic db/db mice was not affected by ozagrel, a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibitor, or acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, suggesting no involvement of endogenous TXA2 or prostanoids in the reduction of relaxation. Maximal endothelium-dependent ADP-, A-23187-, and NaF-induced relaxation was not reduced in diabetic db/db mice. EC50 values for ACh- and SNP-induced relaxation were increased in diabetic but not pre-diabetic db/db mice, suggesting decreases in sensitivity to NO in diabetic mice. Two-week treatment with KV-5070, a PPARgamma agonist, lowered plasma glucose, triglyceride (TG), and insulin but not cholesterol, and reversed the reduced ACh-induced relaxation. In conclusion, ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation is impaired in diabetic db/db mice, probably due to the dysfunction of ACh receptors and/or receptor-G protein coupling. Endothelial dysfunction was not genetic and was considered to be initiated primarily by hyperglycemia, and was improved by anti-diabetic treatment with a PPARgamma agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Miike
- Research Laboratories, Kyoto Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Kyoto, 604-8444, Japan
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McNeill JR, Jurgens TM. A systematic review of mechanisms by which natural products of plant origin evoke vasodilatation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 84:803-21. [PMID: 17111026 DOI: 10.1139/y06-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the body of work aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of action by which natural products of plant origin exert a vasodilatory effect at the level of the vasculature. The search was restricted to 4 mechanisms: the nitric oxide system and (or) reactive oxygen species, the eicosanoid system, potassium channel function, and calcium channel function. The National Library of Medicine database was searched using "PubMed" without restriction to language. The search generated 266 references on 15 November 2005. Most studies were in vitro in nature and of these, most involved studies in the rat aorta. Many of the natural products evoked vasodilatation through an endothelium-dependent mechanism. The vasodilatation was attenuated or abolished by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and, in some of these studies, by an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. A few studies reported a cyclooxygenase component, but most found no effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. The vasorelaxation evoked by several natural products was attenuated by various potassium channel blocking agents, suggesting that some natural products exerted their effect either directly or indirectly through activation of potassium channels. Finally, a significant number of natural products evoked vasodilatation either through blockade of calcium channels or by inhibiting the release of calcium from intracellular stores. Many natural products evoked vasodilatation through multiple mechanisms. The information in this review on mechanisms of action should facilitate good clinical practice by increasing the predictive capabilities of the practitioner, notably the ability to predict adverse effects and interactions among medications. The knowledge should also help to provide leads to the ultimate goal of developing new therapeutic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert McNeill
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada
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Shin YW, Bae EA, Cai XF, Lee JJ, Kim DH. In Vitro and in Vivo Antiallergic Effect of the Fructus of Evodia rutaecarpa and Its Constituents. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:197-9. [PMID: 17202687 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The unripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS) BENTH (ER, Family Rutaceae) has been used frequently as a traditional medicine against inflammatory diseases in Korea, China and Japan. To evaluate antiallergic effect of ER, we isolated its main constituents, evodiamine and rutaecarpine, and evaluated in vivo their inhibitory effects against passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction induced by IgE-antigen complex and scratching behaviors by compound 48/80. ER and its constituents, evodiamine and rutaecarpine, potently inhibited PCA reaction and scratching behaviors in mice, although ER weakly inhibited scratching behaviors. Evodiamine and rutaecarpine inhibited TNF-alpha and IL-4 protein expression in RBL-2H3 cells induced by IgE-antigen complex, although these did not inhibit degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells induced by IgE-antigen complex and rat peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80. These findings suggest that ER and its constituents, evodiamine and rutaecarpine, may be effective for IgE-induced allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and rhinitis.
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Sheu JR. Pharmacological Effects of Rutaecarpine, an Alkaloid Isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.1999.tb00017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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van Meijeren CE, Vleeming W, van de Kuil T, Gerards AL, Hendriksen CFM, de Wildt DJ. Pertussis toxin-induced histamine sensitisation: an aspecific phenomenon independent from the nitric oxide system? Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 493:139-50. [PMID: 15189775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2004] [Revised: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 04/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms were studied initially to develop an in vitro safety test for detecting pertussis toxin toxicity in acellular pertussis vaccines based on the histamine sensitisation test. Maximal contractions and sensitivities to different agonists and adrenoceptor-induced contractions in Ca2+-free medium of isolated rat small mesenteric resistance arteries were significantly reduced by in vivo [30 microg/kg, intravenously (i.v.), day 5] or in vitro (10 microg/ml, 2 h) pertussis toxin pretreatment. Pertussis toxin-induced decrease in sensitivity of small mesenteric resistance arteries to noradrenaline was endothelium-dependent. Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (100 microM, 20 min) did not reestablish the sensitivity to noradrenaline. In vivo L-NAME treatment (0, 1, 10 or 30 mg/kg) of pertussis toxin-pretreated (15 microg/kg) rats did not reduce pertussis toxin-induced enhancement of the histamine-induced decrease in blood pressure and histamine (10, 30, 100 or 300 mg/kg) induced mortality. Finally, in vivo pertussis toxin pretreatment sensitises rats for sodium nitroprusside (50 microg/kg/min). We conclude that pertussis toxin-induced histamine sensitisation is caused by an interference of pertussis toxin with the contractile mechanisms of vascular smooth muscle of resistance arteries which indicates only an indirect role for histamine in the histamine sensitisation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia E van Meijeren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Laboratory of Toxicology, Pathology and Genetics, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Achike FI, Kwan CY. Nitric oxide, human diseases and the herbal products that affect the nitric oxide signalling pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2003; 30:605-15. [PMID: 12940876 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03885.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
1. Nitric oxide (NO) is formed enzymatically from l-arginine in the presence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Nitric oxide is generated constitutively in endothelial cells via sheer stress and blood-borne substances. Nitric oxide is also generated constitutively in neuronal cells and serves as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve endings. Furthermore, NO can also be formed via enzyme induction in many tissues in the presence of cytokines. 2. The ubiquitous presence of NO in the living body suggests that NO plays an important role in the maintenance of health. Being a free radical with vasodilatory properties, NO exerts dual effects on tissues and cells in various biological systems. At low concentrations, NO can dilate the blood vessels and improve the circulation, but at high concentrations it can cause circulatory shock and induce cell death. Thus, diseases can arise in the presence of the extreme ends of the physiological concentrations of NO. 3. The NO signalling pathway has, in recent years, become a target for new drug development. The high level of flavonoids, catechins, tannins and other polyphenolic compounds present in vegetables, fruits, soy, tea and even red wine (from grapes) is believed to contribute to their beneficial health effects. Some of these compounds induce NO formation from the endothelial cells to improve circulation and some suppress the induction of inducible NOS in inflammation and infection. 4. Many botanical medicinal herbs and drugs derived from these herbs have been shown to have effects on the NO signalling pathway. For example, the saponins from ginseng, ginsenosides, have been shown to relax blood vessels (probably contributing to the antifatigue and blood pressure-lowering effects of ginseng) and corpus cavernosum (thus, for the treatment of men suffering from erectile dysfunction; however, the legendary aphrodisiac effect of ginseng may be an overstatement). Many plant extracts or purified drugs derived from Chinese medicinal herbs with proposed actions on NO pathways are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis I Achike
- Clinical Sciences Section, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wu SN, Lo YK, Chen H, Li HF, Chiang HT. Rutaecarpine-induced block of delayed rectifier K+ current in NG108-15 neuronal cells. Neuropharmacology 2001; 41:834-43. [PMID: 11684147 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of rutaecarpine on ionic currents of NG108-15 neuronal cells were investigated in this study. Rutaecarpine (2-100 microM) suppressed the amplitude of delayed rectifier K+ current (I(K(DR))) in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 value for rutaecarpine-induced inhibition of I(K(DR)) was 11 microM. I(K(DR)) present in these cells is sensitive to the inhibition by quinidine and dendrotoxin, yet not by E-4031. The presence of rutaecarpine enhanced the rate and extent of I(K(DR)) inactivation, although it had no effect on the initial activation phase of I(K(DR)). Recovery from block by rutaecarpine (5 microM) was fitted by a single exponential with a value of 2.87 s. Crossover of tail currents in the presence of rutaecarpine was also observed. Cell-attached single-channel recordings revealed that rutaecarpine decreased channel activity, but it did not alter single-channel amplitude. With the aid of the binding scheme, a quantitative description of the rutaecarpine actions on I(K(DR)) was provided. However, rutaecarpine (20 microM) had no effect on L-type Ca2+ current. Under current-clamp configuration, rutaecarpine prolonged action potential duration in NG108-15 cells. These results show that rutaecarpine is a blocker of the K(DR) channel. The increase in action potential duration induced by rutaecarpine can be explained mainly by its blocking actions on I(K(DR)).
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Wu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, 386 Ta-Chung 1st Road, 813, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Jiang JK, Chiu JH, Yu IT, Lin JK. In vitro relaxation of rabbit and human internal anal sphincter by rutaecarpine, an alkaloid isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa. Life Sci 2000; 66:2323-35. [PMID: 10864095 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rutaecarpine, a compound extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Evodia rutaecarpa, has been shown to possess relaxing action on vascular smooth muscle from rat thoracic aorta. The internal anal sphincter is a specialized smooth muscle regulating important anorectal physiology. To investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of rutaecarpine on internal anal sphincter, muscle strips from rabbit internal anal sphincter were used. The results showed that rutaecarpine (1 x 10(-10) M to 1 x 10(-4) M) produced a concentration-dependent muscular relaxation effect in our preparations, which were precontracted with acetylcholine. This muscular relaxation effect was not affected by treatment with L-N(G)-nitro-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), methylene blue (a guanylate cyclase inhibitor), N-ethylmaleimide (an adenylate cyclase inhibitor), or by removal of the mucosa and submucosa tissue. Pretreatment with nifedipine (a calcium channel blocker) or extracellular Ca+2 removal by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) greatly attenuated the relaxation effect, suggesting that calcium ion might be involved. In experiments using strips from human internal anal sphincter, an even more prominent relaxation effect was shown. It is thus concluded that rutaecarpine caused relaxation on internal anal sphincter from rabbits and human subjects. The relaxation action was not related to NO-cGMP pathway, instead calcium ion might play an important role and shed insight into clinical implications for those anorectal disorders with hyperactive anal tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lei S, Orensanz LM, Mulvany MJ, Simonsen U. Mechanisms involved in the vasorelaxant effect of (-)-stepholidine in rat mesenteric small arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 365:193-204. [PMID: 9988103 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to clarify whether the hypotensive action of the protoberberine alkaloid, and dopamine receptor antagonist, (-)-stepholidine, can be ascribed to an effect on peripheral small arteries. For this purpose isolated mesenteric small arteries were suspended in microvascular myographs for isometric tension recording. Relaxations mediated by dopamine D1 receptors were antagonized by (-)-stepholidine. (-)-Stepholidine inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the contractile responses evoked by noradrenaline (10(-6) M), but not the contractile responses evoked by depolarizing solution (KCl, 60 mM) or 9,11-dideoxy-11alpha,9alpha-epoxymethano prostaglandin F2alpha (U46619, 10(-7) M). Mechanical endothelial cell removal, blockade of K+ channels, muscarinic receptors or adrenoceptors did not influence the inhibitory effect of (-)-stepholidine on the contractile response evoked with noradrenaline in the segments. (-)-Stepholidine caused rightward shifts of the concentration-response curves for noradrenaline and phenylephrine. The pA2 values for (-)-stepholidine were 6.05 and 5.94 against noradrenaline and phenylephrine, respectively. Electrical field stimulation induced prazosin-sensitive frequency-dependent contractions in mesenteric small arteries. These contractions were significantly inhibited by 10(-6) and 10(-5) M (-)-stepholidine. In membranes from the rat cerebral cortex labelled with [3H]prazosin, (-)-stepholidine (10(-7)-10(-4) M) completely inhibited the specific binding of the ligand with a pKi of 5.6. The present investigation suggests the inhibitory effect of (-)-stepholidine on the alpha1-adrenoceptor-mediated contractions induced by exogenously added and nerve-released noradrenaline in peripheral small arteries might contribute to a hypotensive effect of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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