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Song C, Li D, Huang L, Zhang J, Zhao X. Role of Ferroptosis Regulation by Nrf2/NQO1 Pathway in Alcohol-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Vitro and In Vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1044-1052. [PMID: 38833663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cardiotoxic effects of alcohol and its potential toxic mechanism on ferroptosis in mice and H9c2 cells. Mice were intragastrically treated with three different concentrations of alcohol, 7, 14, and 28%, each day for 14 days. Body weight and electrocardiography (ECG) were recorded over the 14 day period. Serum creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), MDA, tissue iron, and GSH levels were measured. Cardiac tissues were examined histologically, and ferroptosis was assessed. In H9c2 cardiomyocytes, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), labile iron pool (LIP), and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured. The proteins of ferroptosis were evaluated by the western blot technique in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that serum CK, LDH, MDA, and tissue iron levels significantly increased in the alcohol treatment group in a dose-dependent manner. The content of GSH decreased after alcohol treatment. ECG and histological examinations showed that alcohol impaired cardiac function and structure. In addition, the levels of ROS and LIP increased, and MMP levels decreased after alcohol treatment. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) protected cells from lipid peroxidation. Western blotting analysis showed that alcohol downregulated the expression of Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, and GPX4. The expressions of P53 and TfR were upregulated in vivo and in vitro. Fer-1 significantly alleviated alcohol-induced ferroptosis. In conclusion, the study showed that Nrf2/NQO1-dependent ferroptosis played a vital role in the cardiotoxicity induced by alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpu Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Dongjie Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ling Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development & Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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2
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Meng Y, Hu Z, Zhang C, Bai H, Li Z, Guo X, Chen L. miR-92a-3p regulates ethanol-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:381-391. [PMID: 38582327 PMCID: PMC11035041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of miR-92a-3p in the ethanol-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes remains unclear. In this study, we explored the role of miR-92a-3p in the ethanol-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes and identified its target genes and signaling pathways. H9c2 cells were cultured with or without 100 mM ethanol for 24 h. The differential expression of miR-92a-3p was verified in H9c2 cells through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). To manipulate the expression of miR-92a-3p, both a mimic and an inhibitor were transfected into H9c2 cells. An Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis detection kit and apoptosis-related antibodies were used for apoptosis detection through flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively. Target genes were verified through RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and double luciferase reporter gene assays. miR-92a-3p was significantly overexpressed in ethanol-stimulated H9c2 cardiomyocytes (P < 0.001). After ethanol stimulation, H9c2 myocardial cells exhibited increased apoptosis. The apoptosis rate was higher in the miR-92a-3p mimic group than in the control group. However, the apoptosis rate was lower in the miR-92a-3p inhibitor group than in the control group, indicating that miR-92a-3p promotes the ethanol-induced apoptosis of H9c2 myocardial cells. RT-qPCR and Western blotting revealed that the miR-92a-3p mimic and inhibitor significantly regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 2 and cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 (CREB3L2), suggesting that miR-92a-3p promotes the apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by inhibiting the MSK2/CREB/Bcl-2 pathway. Therefore, the apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes increases after ethanol stimulation, and miR-92a-3p can directly target MSK2 and CREB3L2, thereby promoting the ethanol-induced apoptosis of H9c2 myocardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Meng
- Department of Nutrition, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Hu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Nutrition, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chenyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Nutrition, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Nutrition, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinru Guo
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Nutrition, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liyong Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Nutrition, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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3
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Ohlrogge AH, Frost L, Schnabel RB. Harmful Impact of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on the Atrial Myocardium. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162576. [PMID: 36010652 PMCID: PMC9406618 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are widespread exposures that are legal and socially accepted in many societies. Both have been widely recognized as important risk factors for diseases in all vital organ systems including cardiovascular diseases, and with clinical manifestations that are associated with atrial dysfunction, so-called atrial cardiomyopathy, especially atrial fibrillation and stroke. The pathogenesis of atrial cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and stroke in context with smoking and alcohol consumption is complex and multifactorial, involving pathophysiological mechanisms, environmental, and societal aspects. This narrative review summarizes the current literature regarding alterations in the atrial myocardium that is associated with smoking and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie H. Ohlrogge
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Frost
- Diagnostic Centre, University Clinic for Development of Innovative Patient Pathways, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Renate B. Schnabel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Centre Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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4
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Chronic Ethanol Exposure Induces Deleterious Changes in Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:2314-2331. [PMID: 34564802 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption in adults can induce cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, and heart failure. In newborns, prenatal alcohol exposure can increase the risk of congenital heart diseases. Understanding biological mechanisms involved in the long-term alcohol exposure-induced cardiotoxicity is pivotal to the discovery of therapeutic strategies. In this study, cardiomyocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) were treated with clinically relevant doses of ethanol for various durations up to 5 weeks. The treated cells were characterized for their cellular properties and functions, and global proteomic profiling was conducted to understand the molecular changes associated with long-term ethanol exposure. Increased cell death, oxidative stress, deranged Ca2+ handling, abnormal action potential, altered contractility, and suppressed structure development were observed in ethanol-treated cells. Many dysregulated proteins identified by global proteomic profiling were involved in apoptosis, heart contraction, and extracellular collagen matrix. In addition, several signaling pathways including the Wnt and TGFβ signaling pathways were affected due to long-term ethanol treatment. Therefore, chronic ethanol treatment of hiPSC-CMs induces cardiotoxicity, impairs cardiac functions, and alters protein expression and signaling pathways. This study demonstrates the utility of hiPSC-CMs as a novel model for chronic alcohol exposure study and provides the molecular mechanisms associated with long-term alcohol exposure in human cardiomyocytes.
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Silva AF, Sousa-Nunes F, Faria-Costa G, Rodrigues I, Guimarães JT, Leite-Moreira A, Henriques-Coelho T, Negrão R, Moreira-Gonçalves D. Effects of chronic moderate alcohol consumption on right ventricle and pulmonary remodelling. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1359-1372. [PMID: 33605491 DOI: 10.1113/ep088788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does the consumption of a moderate amount of alcohol differentially impact the heart ventricles and pulmonary vasculature. What is the main finding and its importance? Moderate alcohol consumption for a short period of time impaired pulmonary vascular cellular renewal through an apoptosis resistance pattern that ultimately affected the right ventricular function and structure. These findings support the need for a deeper understanding of effects of moderate alcohol consumption on the overall cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. ABSTRACT Over the past decades, observational studies have supported an association between moderate alcohol consumption and a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, recent and more robust meta-analyses have raised concerns around the robustness of the evidence for the cardioprotective effects of alcohol. Also, studies of the functional, structural and molecular changes promoted by alcohol have focused primarily on the left ventricle, ignoring the fact that the right ventricle could adapt differently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bi-ventricular impact of daily moderate alcohol intake, during a 4-week period, in a rodent model. Male Wistar rats were allowed to drink water (Control) or a 5.2% ethanol mixture (ETOH) for 4 weeks. At the end of the protocol bi-ventricular haemodynamic recordings were performed and samples collected for further histological and molecular analysis. ETOH ingestion did not impact cardiac function. However, it caused right ventricle hypertrophy, paralleled by an activation of molecular pathways responsible for cell growth (ERK1/2, AKT), proteolysis (MURF-1) and oxidative stress (NOX4, SOD2). Furthermore, ETOH animals also presented remodelling of the pulmonary vasculature with an increase in pulmonary arteries' medial thickness, which was characterized by increased expression of apoptosis-related proteins expression (BCL-XL, BAX and caspases). Moderate alcohol consumption for a short period of time impaired the lungs and the right ventricle early, before any change could be detected on the left ventricle. Right ventricular changes might be secondary to alcohol-induced pulmonary vasculature remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Silva
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fábio Sousa-Nunes
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Faria-Costa
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Henriques-Coelho
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Negrão
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Al. Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Atividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, R. Plácido Costa 91, Porto, Portugal
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6
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Rodriguez EA, Yamamoto BK. Toxic Effects of Methamphetamine on Perivascular Health: Co-morbid Effects of Stress and Alcohol Use Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:2092-2107. [PMID: 34344290 PMCID: PMC9185763 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210803150023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse presents a global problem and commonly occurs with stress and/or alcohol use disorders. Regardless, the biological causes and consequences of these comorbidities are unclear. Whereas the mechanisms of Meth, stress, and alcohol abuse have been examined individually and well-characterized, these processes overlap significantly and can impact the neural and peripheral consequences of Meth. This review focuses on the deleterious cardio- and cerebrovascular effects of Meth, stress, alcohol abuse, and their comorbid effects on the brain and periphery. Points of emphasis are on the composition of the blood-brain barrier and their effects on the heart and vasculature. The autonomic nervous system, inflammation, and oxidative stress are specifically highlighted as common mediators of the toxic consequences to vascular and perivascular health. A significant portion of the Meth abusing population also presents with stress and alcohol use disorders, prompting a need to understand the mechanisms underlying their comorbidities. Little is known about their possible convergent effects. Therefore, the purpose of this critical review is to identify shared mechanisms of Meth, chronic stress, and alcohol abuse that contributes to the dysfunction of vascular health and underscores the need for studies that directly address their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bryan K. Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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7
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Deng H, Yu B, Yu Y, Tian G, Yang L. NO66 overexpression rescues ethanol-induced cell apoptosis in human AC16 cardiomyocytes by suppressing PTEN and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:1093-1101. [PMID: 33085743 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, Nucleolar protein 66 (NO66) was reported to be closely associated with alcohol exposure-induced injury. However, the role of NO66 in alcohol-induced cytotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, we explored the potential effect and mechanism of NO66 on ethanol-induced apoptosis in human AC16 cardiomyocytes. The AC16 cell lines with NO66 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) overexpression were constructed. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the cell viability, membrane damage, and apoptosis, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were applied to measure mRNA and protein expression. The results showed that acute ethanol exposure markedly augmented cytotoxicity and reduced NO66 level in AC16 cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of NO66 partially reversed ethanol-induced apoptosis. NO66 upregulation reversed the decrease in phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and B-cell lymphoma-2/Bcl-2-associated x (Bcl-2/Bax) ratio and the increase in PTEN, p53, and caspase-3 activity induced by ethanol treatment. Meanwhile, the application of PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and PTEN overexpression attenuated the inhibition efficiency of NO66 on cell apoptosis. In addition, PTEN overexpression weakened the effect of NO66 on PI3K/Akt activation, without affecting the level of NO66. Our data suggested that NO66 overexpression might play an anti-apoptotic role in ethanol-induced cell injury via reducing PTEN and upregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Deng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ge Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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8
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Rampoldi A, Singh M, Wu Q, Duan M, Jha R, Maxwell JT, Bradner JM, Zhang X, Saraf A, Miller GW, Gibson G, Brown LA, Xu C. Cardiac Toxicity From Ethanol Exposure in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:280-292. [PMID: 31059573 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use prior to and during pregnancy remains a significant societal problem and can lead to developmental fetal abnormalities including compromised myocardia function and increased risk for heart disease later in life. Alcohol-induced cardiac toxicity has traditionally been studied in animal-based models. These models have limitations due to physiological differences from human cardiomyocytes (CMs) and are also not suitable for high-throughput screening. We hypothesized that human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs (hiPSC-CMs) could serve as a useful tool to study alcohol-induced cardiac defects and/or toxicity. In this study, hiPSC-CMs were treated with ethanol at doses corresponding to the clinically relevant levels of alcohol intoxication. hiPSC-CMs exposed to ethanol showed a dose-dependent increase in cellular damage and decrease in cell viability, corresponding to increased production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, ethanol exposure also generated dose-dependent increased irregular Ca2+ transients and contractility in hiPSC-CMs. RNA-seq analysis showed significant alteration in genes belonging to the potassium voltage-gated channel family or solute carrier family, partially explaining the irregular Ca2+ transients and contractility in ethanol-treated hiPSC-CMs. RNA-seq also showed significant upregulation in the expression of genes associated with collagen and extracellular matrix modeling, and downregulation of genes involved in cardiovascular system development and actin filament-based process. These results suggest that hiPSC-CMs can be a novel and physiologically relevant system for the study of alcohol-induced cardiac toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rampoldi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Monalisa Singh
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Qingling Wu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Meixue Duan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rajneesh Jha
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joshua M Bradner
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Anita Saraf
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Greg Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lou Ann Brown
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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9
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Liu S, Lin X, Shi X, Fang L, Huo L, Shang F, Knuuti J, Han C, Wu X, Guo R, Ding H, Zhang R, Duan H, Ding J, Xing H, Zhao X. Myocardial tissue and metabolism characterization in men with alcohol consumption by cardiovascular magnetic resonance and 11C-acetate PET/CT. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2020; 22:23. [PMID: 32299425 PMCID: PMC7161264 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-020-00614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption initially leads to asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction, but can result in myocardial impairment and heart failure if ongoing. This study sought to characterize myocardial tissues and oxidative metabolism in asymptomatic subjects with chronic alcohol consumption by quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and 11C-acetate positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). METHODS Thirty-four male subjects (48.8 ± 9.1 years) with alcohol consumption > 28 g/day for > 10 years and 35 age-matched healthy male subjects (49.5 ± 9.7 years) underwent CMR and 11C-acetate PET/CT. Native and post T1 values and extracellular volume (ECV) from CMR and Kmono and K1 from PET imaging were measured. Quantitative measurements by CMR and PET imaging were compared between subjects with moderate to heavy alcohol consumption and healthy controls, and their correlations were also analyzed. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, subjects with alcohol consumption showed significantly shorter native T1 (1133 ± 65 ms vs. 1186 ± 31 ms, p < 0.001) and post T1 (477 ± 42 ms vs. 501 ± 38 ms, p = 0.008) values, greater ECV (28.2 ± 2.2% vs. 26.9 ± 1.3%, p = 0.003), marginally lower Kmono (57.6 ± 12.1 min- 1 × 10- 3 vs. 63.0 ± 11.7 min- 1 × 10- 3, p = 0.055), and similar K1 (0.82 ± 0.13 min- 1 vs. 0.83 ± 0.15 min- 1, p = 0.548) after adjusting for confounding factors. There were no significant differences in CMR measurements and K1 between subjects with heavy and moderate alcohol consumption (all p > 0.05). In contrast, subjects with heavy alcohol consumption showed significantly lower Kmono values compared to those with moderate alcohol consumption (52.9 ± 12.1 min- 1 × 10- 3 vs. 63.7 ± 9.2 min- 1 × 10- 3, p = 0.012). Strong and moderate correlations were found between K1 and ECV in healthy controls (r = 0.689, p = 0.013) and subjects with moderate alcohol consumption (r = 0.518, p = 0.048), respectively. CONCLUSION Asymptomatic men with heavy alcohol consumption have detectable structural and metabolic changes in myocardium on CMR and 11C-acetate PET/CT. Compared with quantitative CMR, 11C-acetate PET/CT imaging may be more sensitive for detecting differences in myocardial damage among subjects with moderate to heavy alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ximin Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ligang Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Li Huo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Shang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology School of Life Science, Beijing, China
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Chunlei Han
- Turku PET Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology School of Life Science, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haiyan Ding
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Runhua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Duan
- Department of Medical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqun Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xihai Zhao
- Center for Biomedical Imaging Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
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10
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Martins MJ, Roque Bravo R, Enea M, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Bastos MDL, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Dias da Silva D. Ethanol addictively enhances the in vitro cardiotoxicity of cocaine through oxidative damage, energetic deregulation, and apoptosis. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2311-2325. [PMID: 29846769 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine (COC) is frequently consumed in polydrug abuse settings, and ethanol (EtOH) is the most prominent co-abused substance. Clinical data and experimental evidence suggest that the co-administration of COC with EtOH can be more cardiotoxic than EtOH or COC alone, but information on the molecular pathways involved is scarce. Since these data are crucial to potentiate the identification of therapeutic targets to treat intoxications, we sought to (i) elucidate the type of interaction that occurs between both substances, and (ii) assess the mechanisms implicated in the cardiotoxic effects elicited by COC combined with EtOH. For this purpose, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were exposed to COC (104 µM-6.5 mM) and EtOH (977 µM-4 M), individually or combined at a molar ratio based on blood concentrations of intoxicated abusers (COC 1: EtOH 9; 206 µM-110 mM). After 24 h, cell metabolic viability was recorded by the MTT assay and mixture toxicity expectations were calculated using the independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA) models. EtOH (EC50 305.26 mM) proved to act additively with COC (EC50 2.60 mM) to significantly increase the drug in vitro cardiotoxicity, even when both substances were combined at individually non-cytotoxic concentrations. Experimental mixture testing (EC50 19.18 ± 3.36 mM) demonstrated that the cardiotoxicity was fairly similar to that predicted by IA (EC50 22.95 mM) and CA (EC50 21.75 mM), supporting additivity. Concentration-dependent increases of intracellular ROS/RNS and GSSG, depletion of GSH and ATP, along with mitochondrial hyperpolarization and activation of intrinsic, extrinsic, and common apoptosis pathways were observed both for single and combined exposures. In general, the mixture exhibited a toxicological profile that mechanistically did not deviate from the single drugs, suggesting that interventions such as antioxidant administration might aid in the clinical treatment of this type of polydrug intoxication. In a clinical perspective, the observed additive mixture effect may reflect the increased hazards at which users of this combination are exposed to in recreational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Martins
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Rita Roque Bravo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Maria Enea
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Helena Carmo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal.,IINFACTS, Department of Sciences, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal.,Department of Public Health, Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal. .,IINFACTS, Department of Sciences, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS-CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116, Gandra PRD, Portugal.
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Bias and misleading concepts in an Arnica research study. Comments to improve experimental Homeopathy. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2018; 9:75-80. [PMID: 29496319 PMCID: PMC5884037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic experimental models in Homeopathy are of major interest because they could get insightful data about the ability of high dilutions to work in a biological system. Due to the extreme difficulty in the highlighting any possible effect and trusting its reliability, methods should be particularly stringent and highly standardized. Confounders, handling process, pre-analytical errors, misleading statistics and misinterpretations may lead to experimental biases. This article tries to elucidate those factors causing bias, taking into account some recent reported evidence in the field.
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Zhou C, Huang J, Li Q, Zhan C, Xu X, Zhang X, Ai D, Zhu Y, Wen Z, Wang DW. CYP2J2-derived EETs attenuated ethanol-induced myocardial dysfunction through inducing autophagy and reducing apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:168-179. [PMID: 29427791 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic excessive drinking leads to myocardial contractile dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy, where ethanol toxicity plays an essential role. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acids to form epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which exert beneficial roles in the cardiovascular system, but their role in alcoholic cardiomyopathy is elusive. This study was designed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of CYP2J2 gene delivery on ethanol-induced myocardial dysfunction with focus on autophagy and apoptosis. C57BL/6 J mice were challenged with a 4% Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet for 8 weeks, before which rAAV9-CYP2J2 was injected via the tail vein. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography, hemodynamic measurement, and cardiac histology. The results showed that chronic ethanol intake led to cardiac dilation, contractile dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, while CYP2J2 overexpression ameliorated these effects. Additionally, chronic ethanol consumption triggered myocardial autophagosome formation, but impaired autophagic flux via disrupting autophagosome-lysosome fusion, as evidenced by increased LC3 II/I, Beclin-1 and SQSTM1 levels, but reduced LAMP-2 expression. Interestingly, rAAV9-CYP2J2 treatment exerted cardioprotection via restoring autophagic flux in the alcoholic myocardium. Similarly, exogenous 11,12-EET addition significantly restored ethanol-induced neonatal rat cardiomyocyte autophagic flux impairment and inhibited apoptosis, both of which were mediated by AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro. In conclusion, our data suggest that CYP2J2-derived EETs attenuate ethanol-induced myocardial dysfunction through inducing autophagy and reducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qing Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenao Zhan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ding Ai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Chirumbolo S, Bjørklund G. Homeopathic potencies of Arnica montana L. change gene expression in a Tamm-Horsfall protein-1 cell line in vitro model: the role of ethanol as a possible confounder and statistical bias. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2017; 15:255-264. [DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(17)60346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Steiner JL, Lang CH. Etiology of alcoholic cardiomyopathy: Mitochondria, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 89:125-135. [PMID: 28606389 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Putative mechanisms leading to the development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) include the interrelated cellular processes of mitochondria metabolism, oxidative stress and apoptosis. As mitochondria fuel the constant energy demands of this continually contracting tissue, it is not surprising that alcohol-induced molecular changes in this organelle contribute to cardiac dysfunction and ACM. As the causal relationship of these processes with ACM has already been established, the primary objective of this review is to provide an update of the experimental findings to more completely understand the aforementioned mechanisms. Accordingly, recent data indicate that alcohol impairs mitochondria function assessed by membrane potential and respiratory chain activity. Indictors of oxidative stress including superoxide dismutase, glutathione metabolites and malondialdehyde are also adversely affected by alcohol oftentimes in a sex-dependent manner. Additionally, myocardial apoptosis is increased based on assessment of TUNEL staining and caspase activity. Recent work has also emerged linking alcohol-induced oxidative stress with apoptosis providing new insight on the codependence of these interrelated mechanisms in ACM. Attention is also given to methodological differences including the dose of alcohol, experimental model system and the use of males versus females to highlight inconsistencies and areas that would benefit from establishment of a consistent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Steiner
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Charles H Lang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
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Hyun SW, Kim BR, Hyun SA, Seo JW. The assessment of electrophysiological activity in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes exposed to dimethyl sulfoxide and ethanol by manual patch clamp and multi-electrode array system. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2017; 87:93-98. [PMID: 28377112 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, electrophysiological activity has been effectively measured in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to predict drug-induced arrhythmia. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol have been used as diluting agents in many experiments. However, the maximum DMSO and ethanol concentrations that can be effectively used in the measurement of electrophysiological parameters in hiPSC-CMs-based patch clamp and multi-electrode array (MEA) have not been fully elucidated. METHODS We investigated the effects of varying concentrations of DMSO and ethanol used as diluting agents on several electrophysiological parameters in hiPSC-CMs using patch clamp and MEA. RESULTS Both DMSO and ethanol at concentrations>1% in external solution resulted in osmolality >400mOsmol/kg, but pH was not affected by either agent. Neither DMSO nor ethanol led to cell death at the concentrations examined. However, resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, action potential duration at 90% and 40%, and corrected field potential duration were decreased significantly at 1% ethanol concentration. DMSO at 1% also significantly decreased the sodium spike amplitude. In addition, the waveform of action potential and field potential was recorded as irregular at 3% concentrations of both DMSO and ethanol. Concentrations of up to 0.3% of either agent did not affect osmolality, pH, cell death, or electrophysiological parameters in hiPSC-CMs. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that 0.3% is the maximum concentration at which DMSO or ethanol should be used for dilution purposes in hiPSC-CMs-based patch clamp and MEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Wang Hyun
- Research Group for Safety Pharmacology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, 34114 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo-Ram Kim
- Research Group for Safety Pharmacology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, 34114 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Ae Hyun
- Research Group for Safety Pharmacology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, 34114 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joung-Wook Seo
- Research Group for Safety Pharmacology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, KRICT, 34114 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Resveratrol protects the loss of connexin 43 induced by ethanol exposure in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:651-660. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Shin SR, Zihlmann C, Akbari M, Assawes P, Cheung L, Zhang K, Manoharan V, Zhang YS, Yüksekkaya M, Wan KT, Nikkhah M, Dokmeci MR, Tang X(S, Khademhosseini A. Reduced Graphene Oxide-GelMA Hybrid Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:3677-89. [PMID: 27254107 PMCID: PMC5201005 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials currently used in cardiac tissue engineering have certain limitations, such as lack of electrical conductivity and appropriate mechanical properties, which are two parameters playing a key role in regulating cardiac cell behavior. Here, the myocardial tissue constructs are engineered based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-incorporated gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hybrid hydrogels. The incorporation of rGO into the GelMA matrix significantly enhances the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the material. Moreover, cells cultured on composite rGO-GelMA scaffolds exhibit better biological activities such as cell viability, proliferation, and maturation compared to ones cultured on GelMA hydrogels. Cardiomyocytes show stronger contractility and faster spontaneous beating rate on rGO-GelMA hydrogel sheets compared to those on pristine GelMA hydrogels, as well as GO-GelMA hydrogel sheets with similar mechanical property and particle concentration. Our strategy of integrating rGO within a biocompatible hydrogel is expected to be broadly applicable for future biomaterial designs to improve tissue engineering outcomes. The engineered cardiac tissue constructs using rGO incorporated hybrid hydrogels can potentially provide high-fidelity tissue models for drug studies and the investigations of cardiac tissue development and/or disease processes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - Claudio Zihlmann
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, BC, V8P 2C5, Canada
| | - Pribpandao Assawes
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Louis Cheung
- Department of Chemistry & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kaizhen Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Vijayan Manoharan
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mehmet Yüksekkaya
- Faculty of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kai-tak Wan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85251, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaowu (Shirley) Tang
- Department of Chemistry & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR. Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Cambridge, MA, USA. 02139. (A. Khademhosseini), Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada. (Xiaowu (Shirley) Tang)
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR. Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Cambridge, MA, USA. 02139. (A. Khademhosseini), Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada. (Xiaowu (Shirley) Tang)
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Shi X, Li Y, Hu J, Yu B. Tert-butylhydroquinone attenuates the ethanol-induced apoptosis of and activates the Nrf2 antioxidant defense pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:123-30. [PMID: 27220726 PMCID: PMC4899004 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), an inducer of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), has been demonstrated to attenuate oxidative stress-induced injury and the apoptosis of human neural stem cells and other cell types. However, whether tBHQ is able to exert a protective effect against oxidative stress and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes has not yet been determined. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine whether tBHQ protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes against ethanol-induced apoptosis. For this purpose, four sets of experiments were performed under standard culture conditions as follows: i) untreated control cells; ii) cell treatment with 200 mM ethanol; iii) cell treatment with 5 µM tBHQ; and iv) cell pre-treatment with 5 µM tBHQ for 24 h, followed by medium change and co-culture with 200 mM ethanol containing 5 µM tBHQ for a further 24 h. The viability of the cardiomyocytes was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometry. Protein expression was measured by western blot analysis, and Nrf2 nuclear localization was observed by immunofluorescence. Exposure to ethanol led to a decrease in the protein expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes, accompanied by an increase in ROS generation and in the apoptosis of H9c2 cells. Pre-treatment with tBHQ significantly prevented the H9c2 cells from undergoing ethanol-induced apoptosis. tBHQ also increased the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), whereas Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) expression was decreased. tBHQ promoted Nrf2 nuclear localization and increased the expression of Nrf2, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and simultaneously inhibited the ethanol-induced overproduction of intracellular ROS. Therefore, tBHQ confers protection against the ethanol-induced apoptosis of and activates the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Raymond AR, Becker J, Woodiwiss AJ, Booysen HL, Norton GR, Brooksbank RL. Ethanol-Associated Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Left Ventricular Dilation Are Unrelated to Changes in Myocardial Telomere Length in Rats. J Card Fail 2016; 22:294-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Wan YF, Ma XL, Yuan C, Fei L, Yang J, Zhang J. Impact of daily lifestyle on coronary heart disease. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1115-1120. [PMID: 26622449 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited data are available with regard to the impact of daily lifestyle choices in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who have undergone stent placement. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of daily lifestyle factors in patients with CHD following stent implantation. Between March 2005 and March 2006, 129 consecutive patients with CHD were admitted to Cangzhou Central Hospital at Hebei Medical University (Cangzhou, China). The patients underwent coronary stenting and participated in a 7-year clinical follow-up that analyzed the impact of their daily lifestyle choices on CHD following the stent placement. Rates of dinner satiety [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.121-10.97, P=0.005], smoking (95% CI, 4.05-34.90, P=2.01×10-7) and heavy alcohol use (95% CI, 1.32-11.05, P=0.006) were significantly higher in the repeated (re)-revascularization group when compared with the non-revascularization group. In addition, the exercise rate was significantly lower in the re-revascularization group when compared with the non-revascularization group (95% CI, 0.02-0.65, P=0.005). However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups with regard to sleeping patterns (95% CI, 0.03-0.71, P=0.270) or anxiety rates (P=0.289). A coronary angiography performed during re-revascularization revealed in-stent restenosis in 26% of the patients, stenoses at the entrance to or exit from the stent in 29% of the patients and new lesions in 19% of the patients. Furthermore, original lesions exhibited deterioration in 26% of the patients. The clinical endpoint was reached in 55% of the patients between 3 and 5 years of the follow-up period. In conclusion, poor daily lifestyle habits can increase the in-stent restenosis rate, accelerate the progression of the original lesion and promote the emergence of new lesions in patients with CHD following stent placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
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Targeting Pin1 Protects Mouse Cardiomyocytes from High-Dose Alcohol-Induced Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:4528906. [PMID: 26697133 PMCID: PMC4678095 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4528906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term heavy alcohol consumption is considered to be one of the main causes of left ventricular dysfunction in alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). As previously suggested, high-dose alcohol induces oxidation stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we found that high-dose alcohol treatment stimulated expression and activity of Pin1 in mouse primary cardiomyocytes. While siRNA-mediated knockdown of Pin1 suppressed alcohol-induced mouse cardiomyocyte apoptosis, overexpression of Pin1 further upregulated the numbers of apoptotic mouse cardiomyocytes. We further demonstrated that Pin1 promotes mitochondria oxidative stress and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential but suppresses endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the presence of alcohol. Taken together, our results revealed a pivotal role of Pin1 in regulation of alcohol-induced mouse cardiomyocytes apoptosis by promoting reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and repressing eNOS expression, which could be potential therapeutic targets for ACM.
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Rodriguez A, Chawla K, Umoh NA, Cousins VM, Ketegou A, Reddy MG, AlRubaiee M, Haddad GE, Burke MW. Alcohol and Apoptosis: Friends or Foes? Biomolecules 2015; 5:3193-203. [PMID: 26610584 PMCID: PMC4693275 DOI: 10.3390/biom5043193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse causes 79,000 deaths stemming from severe organ damage in the United States every year. Clinical manifestations of long-term alcohol abuse on the cardiac muscle include defective contractility with the development of dilated cardiomyopathy and low-output heart failure; which has poor prognosis with less than 25% survival for more than three years. In contrast, low alcohol consumption has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, however the mechanism of this phenomenon remains elusive. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of apoptosis as a mediating factor in cardiac function following chronic high alcohol versus low alcohol exposure. Adult rats were provided 5 mM (low alcohol), 100 mM (high alcohol) or pair-fed non-alcohol controls for 4–5 months. The hearts were dissected, sectioned and stained with cresyl violet or immunohistochemically for caspase-3, a putative marker for apoptosis. Cardiomyocytes were isolated to determine the effects of alcohol exposure on cell contraction and relaxation. High alcohol animals displayed a marked thinning of the left ventricular wall combined with elevated caspase-3 activity and decreased contractility. In contrast, low alcohol was associated with increased contractility and decreased apoptosis suggesting an overall protective mechanism induced by low levels of alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Karan Chawla
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Nsini A Umoh
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Valerie M Cousins
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Assama Ketegou
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Madhumati G Reddy
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Mustafa AlRubaiee
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Georges E Haddad
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - Mark W Burke
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, 520 W St., NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Noritake K, Aki T, Funakoshi T, Unuma K, Uemura K. Direct Exposure to Ethanol Disrupts Junctional Cell-Cell Contact and Hippo-YAP Signaling in HL-1 Murine Atrial Cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136952. [PMID: 26317911 PMCID: PMC4552866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct exposure of cardiomyocytes to ethanol causes cardiac damage such as cardiac arrythmias and apoptotic cell death. Cardiomyocytes are connected to each other through intercalated disks (ID), which are composed of a gap junction (GJ), adherens junction, and desmosome. Changes in the content as well as the subcellular localization of connexin43 (Cx43), the main component of the cardiac GJ, are reportedly involved in cardiac arrythmias and subsequent damage. Recently, the hippo-YAP signaling pathway, which links cellular physical status to cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, has been implicated in cardiac homeostasis under physiological as well as pathological conditions. This study was conducted to explore the possible involvement of junctional intercellular communication, mechanotransduction through cytoskeletal organization, and the hippo-YAP pathway in cardiac damage caused by direct exposure to ethanol. HL-1 murine atrial cardiac cells were used since these cells retain cardiac phenotypes through ID formation and subsequent synchronous contraction. Cells were exposed to 0.5-2% ethanol; significant apoptotic cell death was observed after exposure to 2% ethanol for 48 hours. A decrease in Cx43 levels was already observed after 3 hours exposure to 2% ethanol, suggesting a rapid degradation of this protein. Upon exposure to ethanol, Cx43 translocated into lysosomes. Cellular cytoskeletal organization was also dysregulated by ethanol, as demonstrated by the disruption of myofibrils and intermediate filaments. Coinciding with the loss of cell-cell adherence, decreased phosphorylation of YAP, a hippo pathway effector, was also observed in ethanol-treated cells. Taken together, the results provide evidence that cells exposed directly to ethanol show 1) impaired cell-cell adherence/communication, 2) decreased cellular mechanotransduction by the cytoskeleton, and 3) a suppressed hippo-YAP pathway. Suppression of hippo-YAP pathway signaling should be effective in maintaining cellular homeostasis in cardiomyocytes exposed to ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Noritake
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takeshi Funakoshi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Unuma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Uemura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang Y, Zhao J, Yang W, Bi Y, Chi J, Tian J, Li W. High-dose alcohol induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis via PKC-β/p66Shc in mouse primary cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:656-61. [PMID: 25499814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac dysfunction caused by excessive alcohol consumption is a specific disease, alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). High-dose alcohol has been found to induce oxidation stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, but the signaling link between alcohol-induced oxidation stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes remains to be elucidated. To address the issue, we exposed primary cardiomyocytes from neonatal mouse hearts to high doses of alcohol (50mM, 100mM, and 200 mM). We found that alcohol induced dose-dependent phosphorylation of p66shc, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased in parallel with phosphorylation levels of p66shc. Exposure to alcohol also led to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release. Depletion of p66Shc and inhibition of protein kinase C-β (PKC-β) successfully reversed all the effects and suppressed alcohol-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Collectively, our study provides a molecular basis for signaling transduction of alcohol-induced oxidation stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, which may facilitate the prevention and treatment of ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayan Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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Ozalp FO, Canbek M, Yamac M, Kanbak G, Van Griensven LJLD, Uyanoglu M, Senturk H, Kartkaya K, Oglakci A. Consumption of Coprinus comatus polysaccharide extract causes recovery of alcoholic liver damage in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:994-1002. [PMID: 24597653 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.874536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Excess use of alcohol is known to be associated with liver diseases such as fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Various practices may be applied to prevent or treat the damage caused by chronic alcoholism. Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Pers. (Agaricaceae) is a macrofungus that has been reported to aid the recovery of murine livers damaged by benzopyrene. OBJECTIVE In this study, the possible therapeutic effects of three different doses (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) of C. comatus polysaccharide (PS) extract were studied in rats subjected to an alcoholic diet. The histological and biochemical results were compared between the control and experimental groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Modified Lieber-Decarli's calorie-adjusted liquid alcohol diet was given orally for 60 d. In addition to histopathology, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), mitochondrial membrane integrity, total cytochrome-c oxidase activity (TotalStCox), total mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase activity (TotalMtStCox), and caspase-3 values were used as liver parameters, and liver sections from all experimental groups were examined by electron microscopy. RESULTS Using histopathological assessment, it was observed that there was a decline in liver hepatocyte vacuolization in the treatment group fed 50 mg PS/kg. The TotalStCox and TotalMtStCox values of this group differed from the EtOH control group (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Daily administration of 50 mg/kg of C. comatus PS extract considerably reduced the negative effects of alcohol on liver structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ozgul Ozalp
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Eskisehir Osmangazi University , Eskisehir , Turkey
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Umoh NA, Walker RK, Al-Rubaiee M, Jeffress MA, Haddad GE. Acute alcohol modulates cardiac function as PI3K/Akt regulates oxidative stress. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1847-64. [PMID: 24962888 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical manifestations of alcohol abuse on the cardiac muscle include defective contractility with the development of heart failure. Interestingly, low alcohol consumption has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Although several hypotheses have been postulated for alcoholic cardiomyopathy and for the low-dose beneficial cardiovascular effects, the precise mechanisms and mediators remain largely undefined. We hypothesize that modulation of oxidative stress by PI3K/Akt plays a key role in the cardiac functional outcome to acute alcohol exposure. METHODS Thus, acutely exposed rat cardiac tissue and cardiocytes to low (LA: 5 mM), moderate (MA: 25 mM), and high (HA: 100 mM) alcohol were assessed for markers of oxidative stress in the presence and absence of PI3K/Akt activators (IGF-1 0.1 μM or constitutively active PI3K: Ad.BD110 transfection) or inhibitor (LY294002 1 μM or Akt-negative construct Ad.Akt(K179M) transfection). RESULTS Acute LA reduced Akt, superoxide dismutase (SOD-3) and NFκB, ERK1, and p38 MAPK gene expression. Acute HA only increased that of SOD-3 and NFκB. These effects were generally inhibited by Ad.Akt(K179M) and enhanced with Ad.BD110 transfection. In parallel, LA reduced but HA enhanced Akt activity, which was reversed by IGF-1 and inhibited by Ad.Akt(K179M), respectively. Also, LA reduced caspase 3/7 activity and oxidative stress, while HA increased both. The former was blocked, while the latter effect was enhanced by Ad.Akt(K179M). The reverse was true with PI3K/Akt activation. This translated into reduced viability with HA, with no effect with LA. On the functional level, acute LA improved cardiac output and ejection fraction, mainly through increased stroke volume. This was accompanied with enhanced end-systolic pressure-volume relationship and preload recruitable stroke work. Opposite effect was recorded for HA. LA and HA in vivo functional effects were alleviated by LY and enhanced by IGF-1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Acute LA and HA seem to oppositely affect cardiac function through modulation of oxidative stress where PI3K/Akt plays a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nsini A Umoh
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Uyanoglu M, Canbek M, van Griensven LJLD, Yamac M, Senturk H, Kartkaya K, Oglakcı A, Turgak O, Kanbak G. Effects of polysaccharide from fruiting bodies ofAgaricus bisporus, Agaricus brasiliensis, andPhellinus linteuson alcoholic liver injury. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:482-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.869796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Costa VM, Carvalho F, Duarte JA, Bastos MDL, Remião F. The Heart As a Target for Xenobiotic Toxicity: The Cardiac Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1285-311. [PMID: 23902227 DOI: 10.1021/tx400130v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Marisa Costa
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia),
Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia),
Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia),
Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- REQUIMTE (Rede de Química e Tecnologia),
Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Li S, Korkmaz S, Loganathan S, Weymann A, Radovits T, Barnucz E, Hirschberg K, Hegedüs P, Zhou Y, Tao L, Páli S, Veres G, Karck M, Szabó G. Acute ethanol exposure increases the susceptibility of the donor hearts to ischemia/reperfusion injury after transplantation in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49237. [PMID: 23155471 PMCID: PMC3498334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many donor organs come from youths involved in alcohol-related accidental death. The use of cardiac allografts for transplantation from donors after acute poisoning is still under discussion while acute ethanol intoxication is associated with myocardial functional and morphological changes. The aims of this work were 1) to evaluate in rats the time-course cardiac effects of acute ethanol-exposure and 2) to explore how its abuse by donors might affect recipients in cardiac pump function after transplantation. Methods Rats received saline or ethanol (3.45 g/kg, ip). We evaluated both the mechanical and electrical aspects of cardiac function 1 h, 6 h or 24 h after injection. Plasma cardiac troponin-T and glucose-levels were measured and histological examination of the myocardium was performed. In addition, heart transplantation was performed, in which donors received ethanol 6 h or 24 h prior to explantation. Graft function was measured 1 h or 24 h after transplantation. Myocardial TBARS-concentration was measured; mRNA and protein expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results Ethanol administration resulted in decreased load-dependent (−34±9%) and load-independent (−33±12%) contractility parameters, LV end-diastolic pressure and elevated blood glucose levels at 1 h, which were reversed to the level of controls after 6 h and 24 h. In contrast to systolic dysfunction, active relaxation and passive stiffness are slowly recovered or sustained during 24 h. Moreover, troponin-T-levels were increased at 1 h, 6 h and 24 h after ethanol injection. ST-segment elevation (+47±10%), elongated QT-interval (+38±4%), enlarged cardiomyocyte, DNA-strand breaks, increased both mRNA and protein levels of superoxide dismutase-1, glutathione peroxydase-4, cytochrome-c-oxidase and metalloproteinase-9 were observed 24 h following ethanol-exposure. After heart transplantation, decreased myocardial contractility and relaxation, oxidative stress and altered protein expression were observed. Conclusions These results demonstrate acute alcohol abuse increases the susceptibility of donor hearts to ischemia/reperfusion in a rat heart transplant model even though the global contractile function recovers 6 h after ethanol-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sevil Korkmaz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Alexander Weymann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Enikő Barnucz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heart Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Hirschberg
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Hegedüs
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heart Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Hua-Zhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Szabolcs Páli
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heart Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Veres
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Critical roles of Rho-associated kinase in membrane blebbing and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis caused by 1-butanol. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:849-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Tan Y, Li X, Prabhu SD, Brittian KR, Chen Q, Yin X, McClain CJ, Zhou Z, Cai L. Angiotensin II plays a critical role in alcohol-induced cardiac nitrative damage, cell death, remodeling, and cardiomyopathy in a protein kinase C/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-dependent manner. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59:1477-86. [PMID: 22497828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying alcoholic cardiomyopathy. BACKGROUND The mechanism for alcoholic cardiomyopathy remains largely unknown. METHODS The chronic cardiac effects of alcohol were examined in mice feeding with alcohol or isocaloric control diet for 2 months. Signaling pathways of alcohol-induced cardiac cell death were examined in H9c2 cells. RESULTS Compared with controls, hearts from alcohol-fed mice exhibited increased apoptosis, along with significant nitrative damage, demonstrated by 3-nitrotyrosine abundance. Alcohol exposure to H9c2 cells induced apoptosis, accompanied by 3-nitrotyrosine accumulation and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) activation. Pre-incubation of H9c2 cells with urate (peroxynitrite scavenger), N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (a superoxide dismutase mimetic), and apocynin (NOX inhibitor) abrogated alcohol-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, alcohol exposure significantly increased the expression of angiotensin II and its type 1 receptor (AT1). A protein kinase C (PKC)-α/β1 inhibitor or PKC-β1 small interfering RNA and an AT1 blocker prevented alcohol-induced activation of NOX, and the AT1 blocker losartan significantly inhibited the expression of PKC-β1, indicating that alcohol-induced activation of NOX is mediated by PKC-β1 via AT1. To define the role of AT1-mediated PKC/NOX-derived superoxide generation in alcohol-induced cardiotoxicity, mice with knockout of the AT1 gene and wild-type mice were simultaneously treated with alcohol for 2 months. The knockout AT1 gene completely prevented cardiac nitrative damage, cell death, remodeling, and dysfunction. More importantly, pharmacological treatment of alcoholic mice with superoxide dismutase mimetic also significantly prevented cardiac nitrative damage, cell death, and remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol-induced nitrative stress and apoptosis, which are mediated by angiotensin II interaction with AT1 and subsequent activation of a PKC-β1-dependent NOX pathway, are a causal factor in the development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical College, China
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Pal R, Mamidi MK, Das AK, Gupta PK, Bhonde R. A simple and economical route to generate functional hepatocyte-like cells from hESCs and their application in evaluating alcohol induced liver damage. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:19-30. [PMID: 21956183 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro derived hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) is a promising tool to acquire improved knowledge of the cellular and molecular events underlying early human liver development under physiological and pathological conditions. Here we report a simple two-step protocol employing conditioned medium (CM) from human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2 to generate functional hepatocyte-like cells from hESC. Immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, quantitative RT-PCR, and biochemical analyses revealed that the endodermal progenitors appeared as pockets in culture, and the cascade of genes associated with the formation of definitive endoderm (HNF-3β, SOX-17, DLX-5, CXCR4) was consistent and in concurrence with the up-regulation of the markers for hepatic progenitors [alpha-feto protein (AFP), HNF-4α, CK-19, albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT)], followed by maturation into functional hepatocytes [tyrosine transferase (TAT), tryptophan-2, 3-dioxygenase (TDO), glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), CYP3A4, CYP7A1]. We witnessed that the gene expression profile during this differentiation process recapitulated in vivo liver development demonstrating a gradual down-regulation of extra embryonic endodermal markers (SOX-7, HNF-1β, SNAIL-1, LAMININ-1, CDX2), and the generated hepatic cells performed multiple liver functions. Since prenatal alcohol exposure is known to provoke irreversible abnormalities in the fetal cells and developing tissues, we exposed in vitro generated hepatocytes to ethanol (EtOH) and found that EtOH treatment not only impairs the survival and proliferation, but also induces apoptosis and perturbs differentiation of progenitor cells into hepatocytes. This disruption was accompanied by alterations in the expression of genes and proteins involved in hepatogenesis. Our results provide new insights into the wider range of destruction caused by alcohol on the dynamic process of liver organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Pal
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal University Branch Campus, Domlur Layout, Bangalore 560071, India
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Effect of binge ethanol treatment on prooxidant–antioxidant balance in rat heart tissue. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2012; 19:49-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Jing L, Jin CM, Li SS, Zhang FM, Yuan L, Li WM, Sang Y, Li S, Zhou LJ. Chronic alcohol intake-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis: role of CYP2E1 and calpain-1 in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 359:283-92. [PMID: 21833537 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P-450 2E1 CYP2E1 induction has been linked to oxidative stress in a number of experimental models. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CYP2E1 activity and markers of oxidative stress and cardiac cell apoptosis during the development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Changes in left ventricular morphology were evaluated in 4 groups of chronically instrumented dogs (control; alcohol-receiving; and alcohol-receiving plus treatment with either valsartan or carnitine) after 6 months of treatment. CYP2E1 and calpain-1 protein expression were determined by Western blotting, and apoptosis evaluated by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry. Malonyl dialdehyde levels were assessed as a marker of oxidative stress, while superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels were evaluated as markers of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Expression of CYP2E1 was increased in the alcohol-receiving group compared with controls (P<0.05) and was associated with oxidative stress. Similarly, expression of Bad and calpain-1 protein was increased after chronic alcohol exposure, while Bcl-xL protein expression remained at a low level. Bad and calpain-1 protein expressions were significantly inhibited by treatment with valsartan or carnitine, while expression of Bcl-xL protein was increased (P<0.05). Collectively, our results indicate a possibly significant role for CYP2E1 in the oxidative stress associated with chronic alcoholism. The resulting increase in oxidative stress is accompanied by cellular apoptosis and may ultimately contribute to tissue remodeling and ACM. Importantly, these alcohol-induced effects may be abrogated by means such as angiotensin 1 receptor blockade or carnitine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jing
- Department of Cardiology, First Clinical College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Kaur J, Shalini S, Bansal MP. Influence of vitamin E on alcohol-induced changes in antioxidant defenses in mice liver. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:82-9. [PMID: 20067348 DOI: 10.3109/15376510903559950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that oxidative stress plays a central role in alcohol-induced pathogenesis. Redox-sensitive transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP1) are involved in development of alcohol-related diseases. Because of its antioxidative properties, vitamin E is believed to prevent diseases associated with oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the molecular mechanism associated with alcohol-induced oxidative stress and its prevention with vitamin E supplementation. Male Balb/c mice were divided into three groups viz. group I (control), group II (alcohol-treated) and group III (alcohol-treated + Vitamin E supplemented). Group II received 8% alcohol as sole source of drinking fluid while group III was given Vitamin E orally as 5 IU/kg body weight along with 8% alcohol. After 15 days, increases in lipid peroxidation, catalase and GST activity and decreases in SOD activity as well as redox ratio were observed in group II. This was associated with increased apoptosis in this group. Vitamin E supplementation restored the redox status, reduced apoptosis and prevented oxidative stress. Further mRNA expression of cjun, cfos, p65 (NFkappaB) showed increased expression during oxidative stress in group II. Although inhibition in NFkappaB activation was observed with Vitamin E, on the contrary it stimulated AP1 expression. This study supports the fact that alcohol promoted oxidative stress and is the major cause of alcohol toxicity in liver. Vitamin E can mitigate the toxic effects of alcohol and can be suitably used as a potential therapeutic agent for alcohol-induced oxidative damage in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Arzumnayan A, Arzumanyan A, Anni H, Rubin R, Rubin E. Effects of ethanol on mouse embryonic stem cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:2172-9. [PMID: 19764938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) reflects a constellation of congenital abnormalities caused by excess maternal consumption of alcohol. It is likely that interference with embryonic development plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Ethanol-induced apoptosis has been suggested as a causal factor in the genesis of FAS. Mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells are pluripotent cells that differentiate in vitro to cell aggregates termed embryoid bodies (EBs), wherein differentiation capacity and gene expression profile are similar to those of the early embryo. METHODS To investigate the effects of ethanol during differentiation, mES cells were cultured on a gelatin surface in the presence of leukemia inhibitory factor which maintains adherent undifferentiated cells or in suspension to promote formation of EBs. All cells were treated (1-6 days) with 80 mM ethanol. The pluripotency and differentiation of mES cells were evaluated by western blotting of stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA-1), transcription factors Oct-3/4, Sox-2, and Nanog, using alkaline phosphatase staining. Apoptosis (early to late stages) was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-end labelling assay and fluorescein isothiocyanate-Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. RESULTS Ethanol increased apoptosis during in vitro differentiation of mES cells to EBs, whereas undifferentiated cells were not affected. Ethanol exposure also interfered with pluripotency marker patterns causing an upregulation of SSEA-1 under self-renewal conditions. In EBs, ethanol delayed the downregulation of SSEA-1 and affected the regulation of transcription factors during differentiation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ethanol may contribute to the pathogenesis of FAS by triggering apoptotic pathways during differentiation of embryonic stem cells and deregulating early stages of embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Arzumnayan
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Shirpoor A, Salami S, Khadem-Ansari MH, Ilkhanizadeh B, Pakdel FG, Khademvatani K. Cardioprotective effect of vitamin E: rescues of diabetes-induced cardiac malfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in rat. J Diabetes Complications 2009; 23:310-6. [PMID: 18394933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 01/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to assess the effect of vitamin E on cardiac autonomic neuropathy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and the status of oxidative stress in the heart under hyperglycemic conditions, in vivo. METHODS Wistar male rats (n=16) were made hyperglycemic by streptozotocin at 6 months of age. Normal Wistar rats (n=8) of the same age were used as the control group. Diabetic rats were divided into two groups, nontreated and those treated with vitamin E (300 mg/day). Stable hyperglycemic status was proved by levels of blood sugar and HbA(1c). Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and cellular antioxidant defense were measured by 8-isoprotane, protein carbonyl content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, respectively. RESULTS Cardiac complications such as autonomic neuropathy as prolonged QT interval along with significant increases in level of 8-isoprotane, protein carbonyl content, and SOD activity were observed after 6 weeks. Structural abnormality was also observed as severe induction of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Significant decline in apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and QT interval resulted from vitamin E administration, which strongly implies that this radical scavenger may promote a convalescing effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy through the attenuation of oxidative stress and abrogation of apoptotic signals, which was verified by restoring normal QT interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shirpoor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies demonstrated myocardial dysfunction after electrical shock and indicated it may be related to free radicals. Whether the free radicals are generated after electrical shock has not been documented at the cellular level. This study was to investigate whether electrical shock generates intracellular free radicals inside cardiomyocytes and to evaluate whether reducing intracellular free radicals by pretreatment of ascorbic acid would reduce the contractile dysfunction after electrical shock. DESIGN Randomized prospective animal study. SETTING University affiliated research laboratory. SUBJECTS Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Cardiomyocytes isolated from adult male rats were divided into four groups: (1) electrical shock alone; (2) electrical shock pretreated with ascorbic acid; (3) pretreated with ascorbic acid alone; and (4) control. Ascorbic acid (0.2 mM) was administrated in the perfusate of the ascorbic acid + electrical shock and ascorbic acid groups. A 2-J electrical shock was delivered to the electrical shock and ascorbic acid + electrical shock groups. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS DCFH-DA-loaded cardiomyocytes showed increased intracellular free radicals after electrical shock. The contractions and Ca2+ transients were recorded optically with fura-2 loading. Within 4 mins after electrical shock in the electrical shock group, the length shortening decreased from 8.4% +/- 2.5% to 5.6% +/- 3.4% (p = 0.000) and the Ca2+ transient decreased from 1.15 +/- 0.13 au to 1.08 +/- 0.1 au (p = 0.038). Compared with control, a significant difference in length shortening (p = 0.001) but not Ca2+ transient (p = 0.052) was noted. In the presence of ascorbic acid, electrical shock did not affect length shortening and Ca2+ transient. CONCLUSION Electrical shock generates free radicals inside the cardiomyocyte, and causes contractile impairment and associated decrease of Ca transient. Administering ascorbic acid may improve such damage by eliminating free radicals.
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Tseng YM, Chen SY, Chen CH, Jin YR, Tsai SM, Chen IJ, Lee JH, Chiu CC, Tsai LY. Effects of alcohol-induced human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) pretreated whey protein concentrate (WPC) on oxidative damage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:8141-8147. [PMID: 18700777 DOI: 10.1021/jf801034k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption can induce apoptosis in a variety of tissues and influence the antioxidant status in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This paper investigates the effects of whey protein concentrate (WPC) pretreated in PBMC on the apoptosis and antioxidant status after the treatment of alcohol. The results show that the percentages of apoptotic cells in the alcohol-treated group were higher than those in the group without alcohol treatment. Additionally, there was higher glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GPx) activity when the PBMC were treated with 300 mg/dL of alcohol. With regard to the activity of GSH reductase (GRx), there was higher activity in the group pretreated with WPC than in the group with the treatment of alcohol only. On the contrary, the levels of GSH were reduced after the treatment of alcohol, but there was a higher level of GSH in the group pretreated with WPC. In this study, it was found that the increased level of GSH in PBMC might not be attributed to the effect of GRx because there was still a higher level of GSH in the group with the treatment of WPC and BCNU (a GRx inhibitor) in this study. The results indicated that PBMC pretreated with WPC might ameliorate alcohol-induced effects such as imbalance of the antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ming Tseng
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Zhu Q, Emanuele MA, LaPaglia N, Kovacs EJ, Emanuele NV. Vitamin E prevents ethanol-induced inflammatory, hormonal, and cytotoxic changes in reproductive tissues. Endocrine 2007; 32:59-68. [PMID: 17992603 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-007-9010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol causes decreased function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Ethanol resulted in inflammatory changes in HPG manifested by increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Since, such cytokines have deleterious effects on functions of HPG, it seemed possible that ethanol's suppressive action could be due, at least in part, to this inflammation. Since oxidative stress can cause inflammation, we have used the antioxidant vitamin E to test, whether reducing inflammation might protect reproductive functions from ethanol. Rats were fed an ethanol diet or pair fed identically without ethanol for a 3-week period. For the last 10 days, animals were given 30 IU/kg or 90 IU/kg or vehicle. Ethanol significantly increased hypothalamic, pituitary and testicular TNF-alpha and IL-6, all changes prevented by the higher dose of vitamin E. Also, ethanol induced changes in LHRH, LH, testosterone, and testicular germ cell apoptosis were similarly prevented by vitamin E. These data strikingly show that vitamin E protects the HPG from deleterious effects of ethanol and suggests that the mechanism of this protection might be both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlong Zhu
- Burn and Shock Trauma Institute, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Hong-Brown LQ, Brown CR, Huber DS, Lang CH. Alcohol and indinavir adversely affect protein synthesis and phosphorylation of MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways in C2C12 myocytes. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006; 30:1297-307. [PMID: 16899032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and the antiretroviral drug indinavir (Ind) decrease protein synthesis in skeletal muscle under in vivo and in vitro conditions. The goal of the present study was to identify signaling mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effect of ethanol (EtOH) and Ind on protein synthesis. METHODS C2C12 mouse myocytes were incubated with EtOH, Ind, or a combination of both for 24 hours. The rate of protein synthesis was determined by [35S]methionine/cysteine incorporation into cellular protein. Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation and elongation factors were quantitated by Western blot analysis to identify potential mechanisms for regulating translation. RESULTS Treatment of myocytes with Ind or EtOH for 24 hours decreased protein synthesis by 19 and 22%, respectively, while a 35% decline was observed in cells treated simultaneously with both agents. Mechanistically, treatment with EtOH or Ind decreased the phosphorylation of the S6 ribosomal protein, and this reduction was associated with decreased S6K1 and p90rsk phosphorylation. Ethanol also decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, mTOR, and 4EBP1, while Ind only suppressed ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Both agents inhibited the phosphorylation of Mnk1 and its upstream regulator p38 MAPK, and they decreased the amount of the active eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4G/eIF4E complex. Finally, EtOH and/or Ind increased phosphorylation of the eukaryotic elongation factor (eEF)-2 by 1.6- to 6-fold. The effects of these agents were not additive, although the combination did exert a greater effect on S6K1 and eEF2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol and Ind decreased protein synthesis in myocytes and this response was associated with changes in the phosphorylation of proteins that regulate translation initiation and elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Q Hong-Brown
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology (H166), Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
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Uddin RK, Singh SM. cis-Regulatory sequences of the genes involved in apoptosis, cell growth, and proliferation may provide a target for some of the effects of acute ethanol exposure. Brain Res 2006; 1088:31-44. [PMID: 16631145 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 02/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The physiological effects of alcohol are known to include drunkenness, toxicity, and addiction leading to alcohol-related health and societal problems. Some of these effects are mediated by regulation of expression of many genes involved in alcohol response pathways. Analysis of the regulatory elements and biological interaction of the genes that show coexpression in response to alcohol may give an insight into how they are regulated. Fifty-two ethanol-responsive (ER) genes displaying differential expression in mouse brain in response to acute ethanol exposure were subjected to bioinformatics analysis to identify known or putative transcription factor binding sites and cis-regulatory modules in the promoter regions that may be involved in their responsiveness to alcohol. Functional interactions of these genes were also examined to assess their cumulative contribution to metabolomic pathways. Clustering and promoter sequence analysis of the ER genes revealed the DNA binding site for nuclear transcription factor Y (NFY) as the most significant. NFY also take part in the proposed biological association network of a number of ER genes, where these genes interact with themselves and other cellular components, and may generate a major cumulative effect on apoptosis, cell survival, and proliferation in response to alcohol. NFY has the potential to play a critical role in mediating the expression of a set of ER genes whose interactions contribute to apoptosis, cell survival, and proliferation, which in turn may affect alcohol-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihan K Uddin
- Department of Biology and Division of Medical Genetics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7.
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Bjelogrlic SK, Radic J, Jovic V, Radulovic S. Activity of d,l-alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) against Cardiotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin and Doxorubicin with Cyclophosphamide in Mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2005; 97:311-9. [PMID: 16236144 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective activity of vitamin E against doxorubicin alone and doxorubicin in combination with cyclophosphamide in mice. Female BalbC/NIH mice were treated with vitamin E (100 IU/kg, orally) 24 hr before single bolus doses of doxorubicin (10 mg/kg, intravenously), or doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Non-treated animals served as negative controls, while positive control groups received doxorubicin or doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. For evaluation, serum enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehidrogenase (LDH), alpha-hydroxybutirate dehydrogenase (alpha-HBDH), and creatine kinase (CK) at 48 hr and histopathology examination of the heart tissue (Billigham rules) at 1.5 and 3 months followed to treatments were used. In sera of mice treated with vitamin E prior to doxorubicin, the creatine kinase and % alpha-HBDH activity were significantly reduced, compared to positive control. Histopathology changes (scored as 1.5 at 1.5 and 3 months respectively) were not significant compared to negative control at both time points of examination. In animals which received vitamin E before doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, none of the serum enzymes was significantly reduced compared to positive control, but non-significant increase in AST and creatine kinase activity was detected (3% and 16.57% respectively). The degree of myocardial damage was significantly higher compared to non-treated group (2.0 and 2.5 at 1.5 and 3 months respectively). Current results show that vitamin E in single oral dose failed to inhibit acute cardiotoxic activity of doxorubicin, but suspended further progression of the heart muscle damage over the time. On the contrary, vitamin E did not attain any cardioprotection against doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana K Bjelogrlic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Research Center, Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro.
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