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Da W, Chen Q, Shen B. The current insights of mitochondrial hormesis in the occurrence and treatment of bone and cartilage degeneration. Biol Res 2024; 57:37. [PMID: 38824571 PMCID: PMC11143644 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular phenotypic abnormalities are intricately associated with the degeneration of bone and cartilage. Consequently, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory patterns governing mitochondrial function and its underlying mechanisms holds promise for mitigating the progression of osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, and osteoporosis. Mitochondrial hormesis, referred to as mitohormesis, represents a cellular adaptive stress response mechanism wherein mitochondria restore homeostasis and augment resistance capabilities against stimuli by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), orchestrating unfolded protein reactions (UPRmt), inducing mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDP), instigating mitochondrial dynamic changes, and activating mitophagy, all prompted by low doses of stressors. The varying nature, intensity, and duration of stimulus sources elicit divergent degrees of mitochondrial stress responses, subsequently activating one or more signaling pathways to initiate mitohormesis. This review focuses specifically on the effector molecules and regulatory networks associated with mitohormesis, while also scrutinizing extant mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to bone and cartilage degeneration through oxidative stress damage. Additionally, it underscores the potential of mechanical stimulation, intermittent dietary restrictions, hypoxic preconditioning, and low-dose toxic compounds to trigger mitohormesis, thereby alleviating bone and cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wacili Da
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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Mizutani M, Eguchi Y, Toyoguchi T, Orita S, Inage K, Shiga Y, Maki S, Nakamura J, Hagiwara S, Aoki Y, Inoue M, Koda M, Takahashi H, Akazawa T, Ohtori S. Association between Osteoporosis and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Men. Asian Spine J 2024; 18:73-78. [PMID: 38287664 PMCID: PMC10910132 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2023.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PURPOSE This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the risk factors for osteoporosis in men by assessing bone mineral density (BMD), skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, grip strength, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE Fewer studies have reported the correlation between BMD and skeletal muscle mass in women. Moreover, a few studies have examined the relationship between osteoporosis and skeletal muscle mass. METHODS This study included 99 men (mean age, 74.9 years; range, 28-93 years) who visited Qiball Clinic for BMD and body composition examinations. The osteoporosis group consisted of 24 patients (mean age, 72.5 years; range, 44-92 years), and the control group consisted of 75 individuals (mean age, 74.9 years; range, 28-93 years). Whole-body skeletal muscle mass was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Skin autofluorescence (SAF), a marker of dermal AGE accumulation, was measured using a spectroscope. Osteoporosis was defined as a bone density T score of -2.5 or less. Physical findings, skeletal muscle mass, BMD, grip strength, and SAF were compared between the osteoporosis and control groups. RESULTS The osteoporosis group had significantly lower trunk muscle mass (23.1 kg vs. 24.9 kg), lower leg muscle mass (14.4 kg vs. 13.0 kg), and skeletal mass index (7.1 kg/m2 vs. 6.7 kg/m2) than the control group (all p<0.05). Lower limb muscle mass was identified as a risk factor for osteoporosis in men (odds ratio, 0.64; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Conservative treatment of osteoporosis in men will require an effective approach that facilitates the maintenance or strengthening of skeletal muscle mass, including exercise therapy with a focus on lower extremities and nutritional supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Mizutani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba,
Japan
| | - Yawara Eguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba,
Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimoshizu National Hospital, Yotsukaido,
Japan
| | - Toru Toyoguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba Qiball Clinic, Chiba,
Japan
| | - Sumihisa Orita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba,
Japan
- Chiba University Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba,
Japan
| | - Kazuhide Inage
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba,
Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shiga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba,
Japan
| | - Satoshi Maki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba,
Japan
| | - Junichi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba,
Japan
| | - Shigeo Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba,
Japan
| | - Yasuchika Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Togane,
Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Togane,
Japan
| | - Masao Koda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba,
Japan
| | - Tsutomu Akazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki,
Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba,
Japan
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Liu Y, Zhao Z, Guo C, Huang Z, Zhang W, Ma F, Wang Z, Kong Q, Wang Y. Application and development of hydrogel biomaterials for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration: a literature review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1286223. [PMID: 38130952 PMCID: PMC10733535 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1286223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain caused by disc herniation and spinal stenosis imposes an enormous medical burden on society due to its high prevalence and refractory nature. This is mainly due to the long-term inflammation and degradation of the extracellular matrix in the process of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), which manifests as loss of water in the nucleus pulposus (NP) and the formation of fibrous disc fissures. Biomaterial repair strategies involving hydrogels play an important role in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Excellent biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, easy modification, injectability, and the ability to encapsulate drugs, cells, genes, etc. make hydrogels good candidates as scaffolds and cell/drug carriers for treating NP degeneration and other aspects of IVDD. This review first briefly describes the anatomy, pathology, and current treatments of IVDD, and then introduces different types of hydrogels and addresses "smart hydrogels". Finally, we discuss the feasibility and prospects of using hydrogels to treat IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qingquan Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Shi X, Li P, Wu X, Shu J. Whole-transcriptome sequencing identifies key differentially expressed circRNAs/lncRNAs/miRNAs/mRNAs and linked ceRNA networks in adult degenerative scoliosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1038816. [PMID: 37063366 PMCID: PMC10098162 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1038816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) is forecast to be a prevalent disabling condition in an aging society. Universally, its pathogenesis is perceived as intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), however, a thought-provoking issue is why precisely a subset of patients with disc degeneration develop ADS. Exploring the diversities between common IDD and ADS would contribute to unraveling the etiological mechanisms of ADS. Therefore, we aimed to integrate the circRNA, lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA expression profiles from normal adults (Normal), patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH), and ADS by whole transcriptome sequencing, which identifies critical functional ncRNA and ceRNA networks and crosstalk between the various transcripts. Methods The fresh whole blood samples (n = 3/group) were collected from ADS patients, LDH patients, and healthy volunteers (Normal group), which were examined for mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA expression and screened for differentially expressed (DE) ncRNAs. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses were performed for gene annotation and enrichment pathways on the DE RNAs, which were constructed as a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Eventually, DE RNAs were validated by qRT-PCR targeting disc nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue in ADS and LDH group (n = 10/group). Results Compared to the LDH group, we identified 3322 DE mRNAs, 221 DE lncRNAs, 20 DE miRNAs, and 15 DE circRNAs in the ADS. In contrast to Normal, 21 miRNAs and 19 circRNAs were differentially expressed in the ADS. The expression of multiple differentially expressed ncRNAs was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis to be consistent with the sequencing results. In addition, GO, and KEGG analysis demonstrated that most DE mRNAs and ncRNAs target genes are involved in various biological processes, including Endocytosis, Apoptosis, Rap1 signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, and others. The constructed lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-expression network was primarily related to angiogenesis and regulation. Conclusion By focusing on comparing asymmetric and symmetric disc degeneration, whole-transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis systematically screened for key ncRNAs in the development of ADS, which provided an abundance of valuable candidates for the elucidation of regulatory mechanisms. The DE ncRNAs and the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network are intrinsically involved in the regulation of mediator and angiogenesis, which may contribute to the insight into the pathogenesis of ADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Panpan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Panpan Li,
| | - Xiang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Shu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Empere M, Wang X, Prein C, Aspberg A, Moser M, Oohashi T, Clausen-Schaumann H, Aszodi A, Alberton P. Aggrecan governs intervertebral discs development by providing critical mechanical cues of the extracellular matrix. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1128587. [PMID: 36937743 PMCID: PMC10017878 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1128587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggrecan (ACAN) is localized in the intervertebral disc (IVD) in unique compartment-specific patterns where it contributes to the tissue structure and mechanical function together with collagens. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the IVD undergoes degenerative changes during aging, misuse or trauma, which inevitably alter the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the tissue. A deeper understanding of these processes can be achieved in genetically engineered mouse models, taking into account the multifaceted aspects of IVD development. In this study, we generated aggrecan insertion mutant mice (Acan iE5/iE5 ) by interrupting exon 5 coding for the G1 domain of ACAN, and analyzed the morphological and mechanical properties of the different IVD compartments during embryonic development. Western blotting using an antibody against the total core protein failed to detect ACAN in cartilage extracts, whereas immunohistochemistry by a G1-specific antibody showed weak signals in vertebral tissues of Acan iE5/iE5 mice. Homozygous mutant mice are perinatally lethal and characterized by short snout, cleft palate and disproportionate dwarfism. Whole-mount skeletal staining and µ-CT analysis of Acan iE5/iE5 mice at embryonic day 18.5 revealed compressed vertebral bodies with accelerated mineralization compared to wild type controls. In Acan iE5/iE5 mice, histochemical staining revealed collapsed extracellular matrix with negligible sulfated glycosaminoglycan content accompanied by a high cellular density. Collagen type II deposition was not impaired in the IVD of Acan iE5/iE5 mice, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Mutant mice developed a severe IVD phenotype with deformed nucleus pulposus and thinned cartilaginous endplates accompanied by a disrupted growth plate structure in the vertebral body. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging demonstrated a denser collagen network with thinner fibrils in the mutant IVD zones compared to wild type. Nanoscale AFM indentation revealed bimodal stiffness distribution attributable to the softer proteoglycan moiety and harder collagenous fibrils of the wild type IVD ECM. In Acan iE5/iE5 mice, loss of aggrecan resulted in a marked shift of the Young's modulus to higher values in all IVD zones. In conclusion, we demonstrated that aggrecan is pivotal for the determination and maintenance of the proper stiffness of IVD and vertebral tissues, which in turn could play an essential role in providing developmental biomechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Empere
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Xujia Wang
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Prein
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Anders Aspberg
- Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Moser
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Max Planck Society, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Toshitaka Oohashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hauke Clausen-Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Paolo Alberton
- Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Paolo Alberton,
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Mizutani M, Eguchi Y, Toyoguchi T, Orita S, Inage K, Shiga Y, Furuya T, Maki S, Nakamura J, Hagiwara S, Aoki Y, Inoue M, Koda M, Takahashi H, Akazawa T, Shiko Y, Kawasaki Y, Ohtori S. A 2-year longitudinal study of skeletal muscle mass in women over 40 years of age with degenerative lumbar scoliosis. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022; 31:1158-1165. [PMID: 35020079 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-021-07038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated changes in skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral density in degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) patients during a 2-year follow-up following diagnosis. METHOD This study included 418 Japanese women, identifying 50 patients for the DLS group (mean age 76.4 years) and 368 patients for the control group (mean age 73.4 years). Whole-body skeletal muscle mass was measured using a Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using DXA. Skin autofluorescence (SAF), a marker of advanced glycation end products in the skin, was measured using a spectroscope. Spinal alignment, skeletal muscle mass, BMD, grip strength, and SAF were examined and the amount of change 1 and 2 years from the initial examination for each item was compared between groups. RESULTS Height, body fat mass, grip strength, upper limb muscle mass, and trunk muscle mass in the DLS group were significantly lower, and lumbar spine BMD was significantly greater compared to controls at the first visit (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in spinal alignment in the DLS group after 2 years compared with baseline. Trunk muscle mass also decreased significantly more in the DLS group (-2.7%) than in the control group (-1.1%) over the 2-year follow-up (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION In this study, trunk muscle mass in the DLS group decreased about 2.4 times more in 2 years compared with the control group (p < 0.05). It may be possible to clarify the mechanism of kyphoscoliosis progression in the future with large-scale longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Mizutani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic science medical innovation, Graduated School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yawara Eguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic science medical innovation, Graduated School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimoshizu National Hospital, Shikawatashi, Yotsukaido, Chiba, 934-5284-0003, Japan.
| | - Toru Toyoguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba Qiball Clinic, 4-5-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0013, Japan
| | - Sumihisa Orita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic science medical innovation, Graduated School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Chiba University Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, CFME room#B201, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Inage
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic science medical innovation, Graduated School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shiga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic science medical innovation, Graduated School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takeo Furuya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic science medical innovation, Graduated School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic science medical innovation, Graduated School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic science medical innovation, Graduated School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shigeo Hagiwara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic science medical innovation, Graduated School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, 3-6-2, Okayamadai, Togane, Chiba, 283-8686, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, 3-6-2, Okayamadai, Togane, Chiba, 283-8686, Japan
| | - Masao Koda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Akazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiko
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic science medical innovation, Graduated School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
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Zhang Z, Qin F, Feng Y, Zhang S, Xie C, Huang H, Sang C, Hu S, Jiao F, Jiang J, Qin Y. Icariin regulates stem cell migration for endogenous repair of intervertebral disc degeneration by increasing the expression of chemotactic cytokines. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:63. [PMID: 35272637 PMCID: PMC8915518 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Icariin (ICA) can promote the migration and bone formation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This study explored a potential role of ICA in recruiting stem cell niches (SCNs) within the intervertebral disc region (ISN)-derived stem cells (ISN-SCs) to treat intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Materials and methods EdU staining, transwell, and wound healing tests were used to analyze the function of ICA on ISN-SCs proliferation and migration ability. Simultaneously, the IVDD rat model was constructed by the acupuncture and divided into Sham, Sham + ICA, IVDD, and IVDD + ICA groups. H&E and PAS staining were performed to detect the pathological changes of IVDD tissues. Immunofluorescence was performed to discover relevant marker expression on the surface of stem cells in the IVDD tissues. Western blot and qPCR were executed to find the protein and mRNA expression of related cytokines in the IVDD tissues. Results ISN-SCs treated with 1 μM ICA obtained the better ability of proliferation and migration. H&E staining showed that the annulus fibrosus in the IVDD group was obviously hyperplasia with cavities and fissures; the nucleus pulposus was reduced. PAS staining showed that the content of polysaccharides was significantly reduced in the nucleus pulposus of IVDD group. However, the ICA treatment alleviated the pathological trends of the IVDD tissues. Simultaneously, ICA treatment increased significantly the expression of stem cells and IGF-1, TGF-β, SDF-1, CCL-5, Collagen I, Collagen II, Aggrecan, and SOX9 in IVDD tissues. Conclusions ICA treatment promoted the migration of stem cell in IVDD by increasing the expression of chemotactic cytokines, including IGF-1, TGF-β, SDF-1, and CCL-5. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03544-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Zhang
- Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fengwei Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sineng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunliang Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaohui Sang
- Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyu Hu
- Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 87 Yingbin Road, Huadu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Spine and Orthopedics, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated With Jinan University), Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Werbner B, Lee M, Lee A, Yang L, Habib M, Fields AJ, O'Connell GD. Non-enzymatic glycation of annulus fibrosus alters tissue-level failure mechanics in tension. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 126:104992. [PMID: 34864399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Advanced-glycation end products (AGEs) are known to accumulate in biological tissues with age and at an accelerated rate in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Clinically, diabetes has been linked to increased frequency and severity of back pain, accelerated disc degeneration, and an increased risk of disc herniation. Despite significant clinical evidence suggesting that diabetes-induced AGEs may play a role in intervertebral disc failure and substantial previous work investigating the effects of AGEs on bone, cartilage, and tendon mechanics, the effects of AGEs on annulus fibrosus (AF) failure mechanics have not yet been reported. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physiological levels of AGEs and AF tensile mechanics at two distinct loading rates. In vitro glycation treatments with methylglyoxal were applied to minimize changes in tissue hydration and induce two distinct levels of AGEs based on values measured from human AF tissues. In vitro glycation increased modulus by 48-99% and failure stress by 45-104% versus control and decreased post-failure energy absorption capacity by 15-32% versus control (ANOVA p < 0.0001 on means; range given across two loading rates and glycation levels). AGE content correlated strongly with modulus (R = 0.74, p < 0.0001) and failure stress (R = 0.70, p < 0.0001) and moderately with post-failure energy absorption capacity (R = 0.62, p < 0.0001). Failure strain was reduced by 10-17% at the high-glycation level (ANOVA p = 0.01). Tissue water content remained near or just above fresh-tissue levels for all groups. The alterations in mechanics with glycation reported here are consistent with trends from other connective tissues but do not fully explain the clinical predisposition of diabetics to disc herniation. The results from this study may be used in the development of advanced computational models that aim to study disc disease progression and to provide a deeper understanding of altered structure-function relationships that may lead to tissue dysfunction and failure with aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Werbner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Matthew Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Allan Lee
- Department of Bioengineering University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Linda Yang
- Department of Bioengineering University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Mohamed Habib
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California, San Francisco, USA; Mechanical Engineering Department Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aaron J Fields
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Grace D O'Connell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California, Berkeley, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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9
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Bergmann W, de Lest CV, Plomp S, Vernooij JCM, Wijnberg ID, Back W, Gröne A, Delany MW, Caliskan N, Tryfonidou MA, Grinwis GCM. Intervertebral disc degeneration in warmblood horses: Histological and biochemical characterization. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:284-298. [PMID: 35291907 PMCID: PMC8928235 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211067463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gross morphology of healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs) is largely similar in horses as in dogs and humans. For further comparison, the biochemical composition and the histological and biochemical changes with age and degeneration were analyzed in 41 warmblood horses. From 33 horses, 139 discs and 2 fetal vertebral columns were evaluated and scored histologically. From 13 horses, 73 IVDs were assessed for hydration, DNA, glycosaminoglycans, total collagen, hydroxyl-lysyl-pyridinoline, hydroxylysine, and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) content. From 7 horses, 20 discs were assessed for aggrecan, fibronectin, and collagen type 1 and 2 content. Histologically, tearing of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and cervical annulus fibrosus (AF), and total histological score (tearing and vascular proliferation of the AF, and chondroid metaplasia, chondrocyte-like cell proliferation, presence of notochordal cells, matrix staining, and tearing of the NP) correlated with gross degeneration. Notochordal cells were not seen in IVDs of horses. Age and gross degeneration were positively correlated with AGEs and a fibrotic phenotype, explaining gross degenerative changes. In contrast to dogs and humans, there was no consistent difference in glycosaminoglycan content and hydration between AF and NP, nor decrease of these variables with age or degeneration. Hydroxylysine decrease and collagen 1 and AGEs increase were most prominent in the NP, suggesting degeneration started in the AP. In caudal cervical NPs, AGE deposition was significantly increased in grossly normal IVDs and total collagen significantly increased with age, suggesting increased biomechanical stress and likelihood for spinal disease in this part of the vertebral column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina Bergmann
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris van de Lest
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Plomp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C. M. Vernooij
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge D. Wijnberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Back
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark W. Delany
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nermin Caliskan
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Current address: Diergezondheidszorg Vlaanderen (DGZ), Torhout, Belgium
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy C. M. Grinwis
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Broz K, Walk RE, Tang SY. Complications in the spine associated with type 2 diabetes: The role of advanced glycation end-products. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2021; 11. [PMID: 35992525 PMCID: PMC9390092 DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2021.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is an increasingly prevalent disease with numerous comorbidities including many in the spine. T2D is strongly linked with vertebral fractures, intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, and severe chronic spinal pain. Yet the causative mechanism for these musculoskeletal impairments remains unclear. The chronic hyperglycemic state in T2D promotes the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in tissues, and the accumulation of AGEs may play a role in musculoskeletal complications by modifying the extracellular matrix, impairing cellular homeostasis, and perpetuating an inflammatory cascade via its receptor (RAGE). The AGE and RAGE associated alterations in extracellular matrix composition and morphological features of the vertebral bodies and IVDs are likely contributors to the incidence and severity of spinal pathologies in T2D. This review will broadly examine the effects of AGEs on tissues in the spine in the context of T2D, with an emphasis on the changes in the vertebrae and the IVD. Along with the clinical and epidemiological findings, we will provide an overview of preclinical rodent models of T2D that exhibit deficits in the IVD and vertebral bone. Elucidating the role of AGEs and RAGE will be crucial for understanding the disease mechanisms and translation therapies of musculoskeletal pathologies in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Broz
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Remy E. Walk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Simon Y. Tang
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. (S.Y. Tang)
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11
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Garay-Sevilla ME, Rojas A, Portero-Otin M, Uribarri J. Dietary AGEs as Exogenous Boosters of Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082802. [PMID: 34444961 PMCID: PMC8401706 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most chronic modern non-transmissible diseases seem to begin as the result of low-grade inflammation extending over prolonged periods of time. The importance of diet as a source of many pro-inflammatory compounds that could create and sustain such a low-grade inflammatory state cannot be ignored, particularly since we are constantly exposed to them during the day. The focus of this review is on specific components of the diet associated with inflammation, specifically advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that form during thermal processing of food. AGEs are also generated in the body in normal physiology and are widely recognized as increased in diabetes, but many people are unaware of the potential importance of exogenous AGEs ingested in food. We review experimental models, epidemiologic data, and small clinical trials that suggest an important association between dietary intake of these compounds and development of an inflammatory and pro-oxidative state that is conducive to chronic diseases. We compare dietary intake of AGEs with other widely known dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, as well as the Dietary Inflammation Index (DII). Finally, we delineate in detail the pathophysiological mechanisms induced by dietary AGEs, both direct (i.e., non-receptor-mediated) and indirect (receptor-mediated).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca 3480005, Chile;
| | - Manuel Portero-Otin
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Lleida, 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-241-1887
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12
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Teixeira GQ, Yong Z, Kuhn A, Riegger J, Goncalves RM, Ruf M, Mauer UM, Huber-Lang M, Ignatius A, Brenner RE, Neidlinger-Wilke C. Interleukin-1β and cathepsin D modulate formation of the terminal complement complex in cultured human disc tissue. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2021; 30:2247-2256. [PMID: 34169354 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-021-06901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Formation of terminal complement complex (TCC), a downstream complement system activation product inducing inflammatory processes and cell lysis, has been identified in degenerated discs. However, it remains unclear which molecular factors regulate complement activation during disc degeneration (DD). This study investigated a possible involvement of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the lysosomal protease cathepsin D (CTSD). METHODS Disc biopsies were collected from patients suffering from DD (n = 43) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS, n = 13). Standardized tissue punches and isolated cells from nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF) and endplate (EP) were stimulated with 5% human serum (HS) alone or in combination with IL-1β, CTSD or zymosan. TCC formation and modulation by the complement regulatory proteins CD46, CD55 and CD59 were analysed. RESULTS In DD tissue cultures, IL-1β stimulation decreased the percentage of TCC + cells in AF and EP (P < 0.05), whereas CTSD stimulation significantly increased TCC deposition in NP (P < 0.01) and zymosan in EP (P < 0.05). Overall, the expression of CD46, CD55 and CD59 significantly increased in all isolated cells during culture (P < 0.05). Moreover, cellular TCC deposition was HS concentration dependent but unaffected by IL-1β, CTSD or zymosan. CONCLUSION These results suggest a functional relevance of IL-1β and CTSD in modulating TCC formation in DD, with differences between tissue regions. Although strong TCC deposition may represent a degeneration-associated event, IL-1β may inhibit it. In contrast, TCC formation was shown to be triggered by CTSD, indicating a multifunctional involvement in disc pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciosa Q Teixeira
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Zhiyao Yong
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Amelie Kuhn
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Raquel M Goncalves
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Michael Ruf
- Center for Spine Surgery, Orthopedics, and Traumatology, SRH-Klinikum Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Karlsbad, Germany
| | - Uwe M Mauer
- Department of Neurosurgery, German Armed Forces Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf E Brenner
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cornelia Neidlinger-Wilke
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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13
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Vasilikos I, Teixeira GQ, Seitz A, Nothelfer J, Haas J, Wilke HJ, Mizaikoff B, Beck J, Hubbe U, Neidlinger-Wilke C. Can UVA-light-activated riboflavin-induced collagen crosslinking be transferred from ophthalmology to spine surgery? A feasibility study on bovine intervertebral disc. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252672. [PMID: 34081754 PMCID: PMC8174733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Collagen cross-links contribute to the mechanical resilience of the intervertebral disc (IVD). UVA-light-activated riboflavin-induced collagen crosslinking (UVA-CXL) is a well-established and effective ophthalmological intervention that increases the mechanical rigidity of the collagen-rich corneal matrix in Keratoconus. This study explores the feasibility, safety and efficacy of translating this intervention in reinforcing the IVD. Methods Annulus fibrosus (AF) cells were isolated from bovine IVDs and treated with different combinations of riboflavin (RF) concentrations (0.05–8 mM) and UVA light intensities (0.3–4 mW/cm2). Metabolic activity (resazurin assay), cell viability (TUNEL assay), and gene expression of apoptosis regulators C-FOS and PT5 were assessed immediately and 24 hours after treatment. Biomechanical effects of UVA-CXL on IVDs were measured by indentation analysis of changes in the instantaneous modulus and by peel-force delamination strength analysis of the AF prior and after treatment. Results Different intensities of UVA did not impair the metabolic activity of AF cells. However, RF affected metabolic activity (p < 0.001). PT53 expression was similar in all RF conditions tested while C-FOS expression decreased 24 hours after treatment. Twenty-four hours after treatment, no apoptotic cells were observed in any condition tested. Biomechanical characterizations showed a significant increase in the annular peel strength of the UVA-CXL group, when compared to controls of UVA and RF alone (p < 0.05). UVA-CXL treated IVDs showed up to 152% higher (p < 0.001) instantaneous modulus values compared to the untreated control. Conclusion This is the first study on UVA-CXL treatment of IVD. It induced significantly increased delamination strength and instantaneous modulus indentation values in intact IVD samples in a structure–function relationship. RF concentrations and UVA intensities utilized in ophthalmological clinical protocols were well tolerated by the AF cells. Our findings suggest that UVA-CXL may be a promising tool to reinforce the IVD matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Vasilikos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery (LENS), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Graciosa Q. Teixeira
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Seitz
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Nothelfer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian Haas
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wilke
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery (LENS), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hubbe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery (LENS), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Neidlinger-Wilke
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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14
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Baumgartner L, Wuertz-Kozak K, Le Maitre CL, Wignall F, Richardson SM, Hoyland J, Ruiz Wills C, González Ballester MA, Neidlin M, Alexopoulos LG, Noailly J. Multiscale Regulation of the Intervertebral Disc: Achievements in Experimental, In Silico, and Regenerative Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E703. [PMID: 33445782 PMCID: PMC7828304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major risk factor of low back pain. It is defined by a progressive loss of the IVD structure and functionality, leading to severe impairments with restricted treatment options due to the highly demanding mechanical exposure of the IVD. Degenerative changes in the IVD usually increase with age but at an accelerated rate in some individuals. To understand the initiation and progression of this disease, it is crucial to identify key top-down and bottom-up regulations' processes, across the cell, tissue, and organ levels, in health and disease. Owing to unremitting investigation of experimental research, the comprehension of detailed cell signaling pathways and their effect on matrix turnover significantly rose. Likewise, in silico research substantially contributed to a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal effects and complex, multifactorial interactions within the IVD. Together with important achievements in the research of biomaterials, manifold promising approaches for regenerative treatment options were presented over the last years. This review provides an integrative analysis of the current knowledge about (1) the multiscale function and regulation of the IVD in health and disease, (2) the possible regenerative strategies, and (3) the in silico models that shall eventually support the development of advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baumgartner
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
- Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (Austria), 81547 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Francis Wignall
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Judith Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Carlos Ruiz Wills
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
| | - Miguel A. González Ballester
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Neidlin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.N.); (L.G.A.)
| | - Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.N.); (L.G.A.)
| | - Jérôme Noailly
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
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15
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Hoy RC, D'Erminio DN, Krishnamoorthy D, Natelson DM, Laudier DM, Illien‐Jünger S, Iatridis JC. Advanced glycation end products cause RAGE-dependent annulus fibrosus collagen disruption and loss identified using in situ second harmonic generation imaging in mice intervertebral disk in vivo and in organ culture models. JOR Spine 2020; 3:e1126. [PMID: 33392460 PMCID: PMC7770195 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and diabetes are associated with increased low-back pain and intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration yet causal mechanisms remain uncertain. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which accumulate in IVDs from aging and are implicated in diabetes-related disorders, alter collagen and induce proinflammatory conditions. A need exists for methods that assess IVD collagen quality and degradation in order to better characterize specific structural changes in IVDs due to AGE accumulation and to identify roles for the receptor for AGEs (RAGE). We used multiphoton microscopy with second harmonic generation (SHG), collagen-hybridizing peptide (CHP), and image analysis methods to characterize effects of AGEs and RAGE on collagen quality and quantity in IVD annulus fibrosus (AF). First, we used SHG imaging on thin sections with an in vivo dietary mouse model and determined that high-AGE (H-AGE) diets increased AF fibril disruption and collagen degradation resulting in decreased total collagen content, suggesting an early degenerative cascade. Next, we used in situ SHG imaging with an ex vivo IVD organ culture model of AGE challenge on wild type and RAGE-knockout (RAGE-KO) mice and determined that early degenerative changes to collagen quality and degradation were RAGE dependent. We conclude that AGE accumulation leads to RAGE-dependent collagen disruption in the AF and can initiate molecular and tissue level collagen disruption. Furthermore, SHG and CHP analyzes were sensitive to collagenous alterations at multiple hierarchical levels due to AGE and may be useful in identifying additional contributors to collagen damage in IVD degeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Hoy
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNYUnited StatesUSA
| | - Danielle N. D'Erminio
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNYUnited StatesUSA
| | - Divya Krishnamoorthy
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNYUnited StatesUSA
| | - Devorah M. Natelson
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNYUnited StatesUSA
| | - Damien M. Laudier
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNYUnited StatesUSA
| | | | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNYUnited StatesUSA
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16
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Cauble MA, Mancini NS, Kalinowski J, Lykotrafitis G, Moss IL. Atomic force microscopy imaging for nanoscale and microscale assessments of extracellular matrix in intervertebral disc and degeneration. JOR Spine 2020; 3:e1125. [PMID: 33015582 PMCID: PMC7524250 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a condition that is often associated with debilitating back pain. There are no disease-modifying treatments available to halt the progression of this ubiquitous disorder. This is partly due to a lack of understanding of extracellular matrix (ECM) changes that occur at the micro- and nanometer size scales as the disease progresses. Over the past decade, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been utilized as a tool to investigate the impact of disease on nanoscale structure of ECM in bone, skin, tendon, and dentin. We have expanded this methodology to include the IVD and report the first quantitative analysis of ECM structure at submicron size scales in a murine model for progressive IVD degeneration. Collagen D-spacing, a metric of nanoscale structure at the fibril level, was observed as a distribution of values with an overall average value of 62.5 ± 2.5 nm. In degenerative discs, the fibril D-spacing distribution shifted towards higher values in both the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus (NP) (P < .05). A novel microstructural feature, collagen toroids, defined by a topographical pit enclosed by fibril-forming matrix was observed in the NP. With degeneration, these microstructures became more numerous and the morphology was altered from circular (aspect ratio 1.0 ± 0.1) to oval (aspect ratio 1.5 ± 0.4), P < .005. These analyses provide ECM structural details of the IVD at size scales that have historically been missing in studies of disc degeneration. Knowledge gained from these insights may aid the development of novel disease-modifying therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan A Cauble
- UConn Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Musculoskeletal Institute Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Nickolas S Mancini
- UConn Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Musculoskeletal Institute Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Judith Kalinowski
- UConn Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Musculoskeletal Institute Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - George Lykotrafitis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Isaac L Moss
- UConn Health Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Musculoskeletal Institute Farmington Connecticut USA
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17
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Zheng X, Liu P, Yang C, Wu X. Amyloid protein aggregation in diabetes mellitus accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration. Med Hypotheses 2020; 141:109739. [PMID: 32305815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the risk factors for disc degeneration, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. Misfolding and aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is an important factor in diabetes. hIAPP proteins misfold from monomers to β-sheet-rich oligomers, destroy the permeability of the cell membrane and cause abnormal cell function and death. Under the pathological state of diabetes, hIAPP oligomers can promote the expression and secretion of the inflammatory factor IL-1β, while IL-1β-mediated inflammatory response is the pathogenesis basis of intervertebral disc degeneration. Thus, amyloid hIAPP aggregation accelerates disc degeneration in the pathological state of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zheng
- Departments of Stomatology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical, College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical, College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Ghezelbash F, Shirazi-Adl A, Baghani M, Eskandari AH. On the modeling of human intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus: Elastic, permanent deformation and failure responses. J Biomech 2020; 102:109463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Eguchi Y, Toyoguchi T, Inage K, Fujimoto K, Orita S, Suzuki M, Kanamoto H, Abe K, Norimoto M, Umimura T, Koda M, Furuya T, Aoki Y, Nakamura J, Akazawa T, Takahashi K, Ohtori S. Advanced glycation end products are associated with sarcopenia in older women: aging marker dynamics. J Women Aging 2019; 33:328-340. [PMID: 31770087 DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2019.1697161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether advanced glycation end products (AGEs) revealed by skin autofluorescence (SAF), serum and urine pentosidine level, and serum homocysteine level can serve as a biomarker for sarcopenia in older women. The participants were 70 elderly women. The AGEs pentosidine, homocysteine, and SAF were measured as aging markers. This study shows that among the biomarkers for aging, serum pentosidine correlates with a loss of appendicular lean mass and can serve as a biomarker for sarcopenia. Moreover, SAF and homocysteine values exhibited a positive correlation with age and correlated with each other.Abbreviations: AGEs: advanced glycation end products; BIA: bioelectrical impedance analyzer; BMD: bone mineral density; DLS: degenerative lumbar scoliosis; DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunoassay; HHcy: hyperhomocysteinemia; RIA: radioimmunoassay; SAF: skin autofluorescence; SMI: skeletal muscle mass index; T2DM: type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawara Eguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimoshizu National Hospital, Yotsukaido, Japan
| | - Toru Toyoguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba Qiball clinic, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Inage
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Sumihisa Orita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Miyako Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kanamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Koki Abe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Masaki Norimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Umimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Masao Koda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Takeo Furuya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Togane, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Akazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Japan
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20
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Herod TW, Veres SP. ISSLS PRIZE IN BASIC SCIENCE 2020: Beyond microstructure—circumferential specialization within the lumbar intervertebral disc annulus extends to collagen nanostructure, with counterintuitive relationships to macroscale material properties. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 29:670-685. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-06223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Becker J, Mahlke NS, Reckert A, Eickhoff SB, Ritz-Timme S. Age estimation based on different molecular clocks in several tissues and a multivariate approach: an explorative study. Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:721-733. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Rider SM, Mizuno S, Kang JD. Molecular Mechanisms of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Spine Surg Relat Res 2019; 3:1-11. [PMID: 31435545 PMCID: PMC6690117 DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a well-known cause of disability, the result of which includes neck and back pain with associated mobility limitations. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the known molecular mechanisms through which intervertebral disc degeneration occurs as a result of complex interactions of exogenous and endogenous stressors. This review will focus on some of the identified molecular changes leading to the deterioration of the extracellular matrix of both the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. In addition, we will provide a summation of our current knowledge supporting the role of associated DNA and intracellular damage, cellular senescence's catabolic effects, oxidative stress, and the cell's inappropriate response to damage in contributing to intervertebral disc degeneration. Our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which intervertebral disc degeneration occurs provides us with abundant insight into how physical and chemical changes exacerbate the degenerative process of the entire spine. Furthermore, we will describe some of the related molecular targets and therapies that may contribute to intervertebral repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Rider
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuichi Mizuno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James D Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Eguchi Y, Toyoguchi T, Inage K, Orita S, Yamauchi K, Suzuki M, Kanamoto H, Abe K, Norimoto M, Umimura T, Koda M, Furuya T, Aoki Y, Takahashi K, Ohtori S. Elevated Levels of Serum Pentosidine Are Associated with Dropped Head Syndrome in Older Women. Asian Spine J 2018; 13:155-162. [PMID: 30567420 PMCID: PMC6365794 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2017.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A retrospective observational study was performed. PURPOSE We investigated the prevalence of sarcopenia in dropped head syndrome (DHS), and the relationship between biochemical markers, including major advanced glycation end products (AGEs), pentosidine, and DHS in older women. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE AGEs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. METHODS We studied 13 elderly women with idiopathic DHS (mean age, 77.2 years) and 20 healthy volunteers (mean age, 74.8 years). We used a bioelectrical impedance analyzer to analyze body composition, including appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (SMI; appendicular lean mass [kg]/[height (m)]2). Cervical sagittal plane alignment, including C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2-C7SVA), C2-C7 angle, and C2 slope (C2S), was measured. Biochemical markers, such as serum and urinary pentosidine, serum homocysteine, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, were measured. The level of each variable was compared between DHS and controls. The relationship between biochemical markers and DHS was examined. RESULTS Sarcopenia (SMI <5.75) was observed at a high prevalence in participants with DHS (77% compared to 22% of healthy controls). Height, weight, femoral bone mineral density, appendicular lean mass, total lean mass, and SMI all had significantly lower values in the DHS group. Serum and urinary pentosidine, and serum homocysteine were significantly higher in the DHS group compared to controls. Analysis of cervical alignment revealed a significant positive correlation of serum pentosidine with C2-C7SVA and C2S. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia was involved in DHS, and high serum pentosidine levels are associated with severity of DHS in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawara Eguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimoshizu National Hospital, Yotsukaido, Japan
| | - Toru Toyoguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba Qiball Clinic, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Inage
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sumihisa Orita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Yamauchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miyako Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kanamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koki Abe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Norimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Umimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masao Koda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeo Furuya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuchika Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Togane, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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24
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Krishnamoorthy D, Hoy RC, Natelson DM, Torre OM, Laudier DM, Iatridis JC, Illien-Jünger S. Dietary advanced glycation end-product consumption leads to mechanical stiffening of murine intervertebral discs. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.036012. [PMID: 30498097 PMCID: PMC6307905 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.036012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Back pain is a leading cause of disability and is strongly associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Reducing structural disruption and catabolism in IVD degeneration remains an important clinical challenge. Pro-oxidant and structure-modifying advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) contribute to obesity and diabetes, which are associated with increased back pain, and accumulate in tissues due to hyperglycemia or ingestion of foods processed at high heat. Collagen-rich IVDs are particularly susceptible to AGE accumulation due to their slow metabolic rates, yet it is unclear whether dietary AGEs can cross the endplates to accumulate in IVDs. A dietary mouse model was used to test the hypothesis that chronic consumption of high AGE diets results in sex-specific IVD structural disruption and functional changes. High AGE diet resulted in AGE accumulation in IVDs and increased IVD compressive stiffness, torque range and failure torque, particularly for females. These biomechanical changes were likely caused by significantly increased AGE crosslinking in the annulus fibrosus, measured by multiphoton imaging. Increased collagen damage measured with collagen hybridizing peptide did not appear to influence biomechanical properties and may be a risk factor as these animals age. The greater influence of high AGE diet on females is an important area of future investigation that may involve AGE receptors known to interact with estrogen. We conclude that high AGE diets can be a source for IVD crosslinking and collagen damage known to be important in IVD degeneration. Dietary modifications and interventions that reduce AGEs warrant further investigation and may be particularly important for diabetics, in whom AGEs accumulate more rapidly. Summary: Dietary AGEs lead to sex-specific intervertebral disc structural and functional changes and may be targeted for promoting spinal health, especially in diabetes, in which AGEs form rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Krishnamoorthy
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert C Hoy
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Devorah M Natelson
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Olivia M Torre
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Damien M Laudier
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - James C Iatridis
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Svenja Illien-Jünger
- Leni & Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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25
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Zhang Y, Xiong C, Kudelko M, Li Y, Wang C, Wong YL, Tam V, Rai MF, Cheverud J, Lawson HA, Sandell L, Chan WCW, Cheah KSE, Sham PC, Chan D. Early onset of disc degeneration in SM/J mice is associated with changes in ion transport systems and fibrotic events. Matrix Biol 2018; 70:123-139. [PMID: 29649547 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) causes back pain and sciatica, affecting quality of life and resulting in high economic/social burden. The etiology of IDD is not well understood. Along with aging and environmental factors, genetic factors also influence the onset, progression and severity of IDD. Genetic studies of risk factors for IDD using human cohorts are limited by small sample size and low statistical power. Animal models amenable to genetic and functional studies of IDD provide desirable alternatives. Despite differences in size and cellular content as compared to human intervertebral discs (IVDs), the mouse is a powerful model for genetics and assessment of cellular changes relevant to human biology. Here, we provide evidence for early onset disc degeneration in SM/J relative to LG/J mice with poor and good tissue healing capacity respectively. In the first few months of life, LG/J mice maintain a relatively constant pool of notochordal-like cells in the nucleus pulposus (NP) of the IVD. In contrast, chondrogenic events are observed in SM/J mice beginning as early as one-week-old, with progressive fibrotic changes. Further, the extracellular matrix changes in the NP are consistent with IVD degeneration. Leveraging on the genomic data of two parental and two recombinant inbred lines, we assessed the genetic contribution to the NP changes and identified processes linked to the regulation of ion transport systems. Significantly, "transport" system is also in the top three gene ontology (GO) terms from a comparative proteomic analysis of the mouse NP. These findings support the potential of the SM/J, LG/J and their recombinant inbred lines for future genetic and biological analysis in mice and validation of candidate genes and biological relevance in human cohort studies. The proteomic data has been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE [1] partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD008784.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Xiong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mateusz Kudelko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Li
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuk Lun Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James Cheverud
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Heather A Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Linda Sandell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wilson C W Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kathryn S E Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak C Sham
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China; The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China.
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26
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Pentosidine concentration is associated with degenerative lumbar scoliosis in older women: preliminary results. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2017; 27:597-606. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-017-5370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Mavrogonatou E, Pratsinis H, Papadopoulou A, Karamanos NK, Kletsas D. Extracellular matrix alterations in senescent cells and their significance in tissue homeostasis. Matrix Biol 2017; 75-76:27-42. [PMID: 29066153 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Normal cells after a defined number of successive divisions or after exposure to genotoxic stresses are becoming senescent, characterized by a permanent growth arrest. In addition, they secrete increased levels of pro-inflammatory and catabolic mediators, collectively termed "senescence-associated secretory phenotype". Furthermore, senescent cells exhibit an altered expression and organization of many extracellular matrix components, leading to specific remodeling of their microenvironment. In this review we present the current knowledge on extracellular matrix alterations associated with cellular senescence and critically discuss certain characteristic examples, highlighting the ambiguous role of senescent cells in the homeostasis of various tissues under both normal and pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mavrogonatou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Adamantia Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
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28
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ROS: Crucial Intermediators in the Pathogenesis of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017. [PMID: 28392887 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5601593.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) indicates the contribution of oxidative stress to IVD degeneration (IDD), giving a novel insight into the pathogenesis of IDD. ROS are crucial intermediators in the signaling network of disc cells. They regulate the matrix metabolism, proinflammatory phenotype, apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence of disc cells. Oxidative stress not only reinforces matrix degradation and inflammation, but also promotes the decrease in the number of viable and functional cells in the microenvironment of IVDs. Moreover, ROS modify matrix proteins in IVDs to cause oxidative damage of disc extracellular matrix, impairing the mechanical function of IVDs. Consequently, the progression of IDD is accelerated. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy targeting oxidative stress would provide a novel perspective for IDD treatment. Various antioxidants have been proposed as effective drugs for IDD treatment. Antioxidant supplementation suppresses ROS production in disc cells to promote the matrix synthesis of disc cells and to prevent disc cells from death and senescence in vitro. However, there is not enough in vivo evidence to support the efficiency of antioxidant supplementation to retard the process of IDD. Further investigations based on in vivo and clinical studies will be required to develop effective antioxidative therapies for IDD.
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29
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ROS: Crucial Intermediators in the Pathogenesis of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5601593. [PMID: 28392887 PMCID: PMC5368368 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5601593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD) indicates the contribution of oxidative stress to IVD degeneration (IDD), giving a novel insight into the pathogenesis of IDD. ROS are crucial intermediators in the signaling network of disc cells. They regulate the matrix metabolism, proinflammatory phenotype, apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence of disc cells. Oxidative stress not only reinforces matrix degradation and inflammation, but also promotes the decrease in the number of viable and functional cells in the microenvironment of IVDs. Moreover, ROS modify matrix proteins in IVDs to cause oxidative damage of disc extracellular matrix, impairing the mechanical function of IVDs. Consequently, the progression of IDD is accelerated. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy targeting oxidative stress would provide a novel perspective for IDD treatment. Various antioxidants have been proposed as effective drugs for IDD treatment. Antioxidant supplementation suppresses ROS production in disc cells to promote the matrix synthesis of disc cells and to prevent disc cells from death and senescence in vitro. However, there is not enough in vivo evidence to support the efficiency of antioxidant supplementation to retard the process of IDD. Further investigations based on in vivo and clinical studies will be required to develop effective antioxidative therapies for IDD.
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30
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Hedman TP, Chen WP, Lin LC, Lin HJ, Chuang SY. Effects of Collagen Crosslink Augmentation on Mechanism of Compressive Load Sharing in Intervertebral Discs. J Med Biol Eng 2017; 37:94-101. [PMID: 30416413 PMCID: PMC6208927 DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous crosslinking has been shown to have potential for treating disc degeneration and back pain due to its ability to increase the strength and toughness of the annulus fibrosus, increase intervertebral joint stability, decrease intradiscal pressure, and increase fluid flow through the disc. Some results imply that crosslink augmentation may also lead to changes in the compressive load sharing properties of the disc. The objective of the present study was to evaluate directional stress distribution changes of the disc following genipin crosslinking treatment. Bovine lumbar motion segments were randomly divided into control and crosslinked groups. Annular strains were determined from simultaneous deformation measurements at various time points during compressive creep testing. Four stress components of the annulus were then calculated according to the previously measured modulus data. Immediately after the application of a 750-N compressive load, mean axial and radial compressive stresses in the crosslinked group were twofold higher than control means. Conversely, mean lamellae-aligned and circumferential tensile stresses of the crosslinked discs were 8- and threefold lower, respectively, compared to control means. After 1-h creep loading, the two compressive mean stresses in both the control and genipin-crosslinked specimens increased approximately threefold from their initial 750-N-loaded values. The two tensile mean stresses in the crosslinked group remained lower than the respective levels of the control means after creep loading. A greater proportion of annular compressive load support under compressive creep loading, with a commensurate decrease in both tensile stresses and strains, was seen in the discs following exogenous crosslink augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Hedman
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Weng-Pin Chen
- 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Leou-Chyr Lin
- 3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Jen Lin
- 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Youeng Chuang
- 3Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kang-Ning General Hospital, No.26, Ln. 420, Sec. 5, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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31
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Vo NV, Hartman RA, Patil PR, Risbud MV, Kletsas D, Iatridis JC, Hoyland JA, Le Maitre CL, Sowa GA, Kang JD. Molecular mechanisms of biological aging in intervertebral discs. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1289-306. [PMID: 26890203 PMCID: PMC4988945 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age is the greatest risk factor for the majority of human ailments, including spine-related chronic disability and back pain, which stem from age-associated intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Given the rapid global rise in the aging population, understanding the biology of intervertebral disc aging in order to develop effective therapeutic interventions to combat the adverse effects of aging on disc health is now imperative. Fortunately, recent advances in aging research have begun to shed light on the basic biological process of aging. Here we review some of these insights and organize the complex process of disc aging into three different phases to guide research efforts to understand the biology of disc aging. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge and the recent progress made to elucidate specific molecular mechanisms underlying disc aging. In particular, studies over the last few years have uncovered cellular senescence and genomic instability as important drivers of disc aging. Supporting evidence comes from DNA repair-deficient animal models that show increased disc cellular senescence and accelerated disc aging. Additionally, stress-induced senescent cells have now been well documented to secrete catabolic factors, which can negatively impact the physiology of neighboring cells and ECM. These along with other molecular drivers of aging are reviewed in depth to shed crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms of age-related disc degeneration. We also highlight molecular targets for novel therapies and emerging candidate therapeutics that may mitigate age-associated IDD. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1289-1306, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam V. Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert A. Hartman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Prashanti R. Patil
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni & Peter W May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester M13 9PT and NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Musculoskeletal and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Gwendolyn A. Sowa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James D. Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Exogenous Crosslinking Restores Intradiscal Pressure of Injured Porcine Intervertebral Discs: An In Vivo Examination Using Quantitative Discomanometry. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015; 40:1572-7. [PMID: 26731702 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN In vivo examination of intradiscal pressure by quantitative discomanometry (QD). OBJECTIVE To determine whether an injectable, exogenous crosslinking could acutely restore intradiscal pressure of stab-injured discs in vivo by short-term treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Disc biomechanical performance depends on its integrity associated with the intradiscal pressure and mechanical properties. Genipin crosslink augmentation has demonstrated the in vitro biomechanical capability to improve intervertebral joint stability and increase mechanical properties of the annulus fibrosus. METHODS 4 lumbar discs on each of 8 swine were randomly assigned to 4 groups: intact, injured, untreated, and crosslinked. A 16G needle was stabbed into the annulus fibrosus to create the disc injury model. An injection of 0.33% genipin solution was delivered into the annulus to treat the injury. QD technique was performed to examine the intradiscal pressure for the intact and injured discs at the time of surgery, while untreated and crosslinked discs were measured 1-week postsurgery. 4 QD parameters were analyzed and compared across the 4 groups: leakage pressure and volume, and saturation pressure and volume. RESULTS The leakage and saturation pressures of the injured group were significantly lower than those of the intact group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.01, respectively). The leakage and saturation pressures of untreated discs were statistically equivalent to the injured levels, but with a 2-times higher saturation volume. Relative to the untreated group, the leakage pressure and saturation pressure of genipin-crosslinked discs had a 617% (P = 0.008) and a 473% increase (P = 0.007), respectively. CONCLUSION A large disc injury produced by annular puncture immediately lowered intradiscal pressure when left untreated. Genipin crosslinking can restore intradiscal pressure acutely in vivo without any obvious morbidity associated with the injection.
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Liu JW, Abraham AC, Tang SY. The high-throughput phenotyping of the viscoelastic behavior of whole mouse intervertebral discs using a novel method of dynamic mechanical testing. J Biomech 2015; 48:2189-94. [PMID: 26004435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is highly correlated with lower back pain, and thus understanding the mechanisms of IVD degeneration is critical for the treatment of this disease. Utilizing mouse models to probe the mechanisms of degeneration is especially attractive due to the ease of manipulating mouse models and the availability of transgenics. Yet characterizing the mechanical behavior of mice IVDs remain challenging due to their minute size (approximately 540 μm in height and 1080 μm(2) in cross sectional area). We have thus developed a simple method to dynamically characterize the mechanical properties of intact mouse IVDs. The IVDs were dissected with the endplates intact, and dynamically compressed in the axial direction at 1% and 5% peak strains at 1 Hz. Utilizing this novel approach, we examined the effects of in vitro ribosylation and trypsin digestion for 24 or 72 h on the viscoelastic behavior of the whole murine IVD. Trypsin treatment resulted in a decrease of proteoglycans and loss of disc height, while ribosylation had no effect on structure or proteoglycan composition. The 72 h ribosylation group exhibited a stiffening of the disc, and both treatments significantly reduced viscous behavior of the IVDs, with the effects being more pronounced at 5% strain. Here we demonstrate a novel high-throughput method to mechanically characterize murine IVDs and detect strain-dependent differences in the elastic and the viscous behavior of the treated IVDs due to ribose and trypsin treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Adam C Abraham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8233, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Simon Y Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Box 8233, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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Thermogelling bioadhesive scaffolds for intervertebral disk tissue engineering: preliminary in vitro comparison of aldehyde-based versus alginate microparticle-mediated adhesion. Acta Biomater 2015; 16:71-80. [PMID: 25641647 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering of certain load-bearing parts of the body can be dependent on scaffold adhesion or integration with the surrounding tissue to prevent dislocation. One such area is the regeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD). In this work, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was grafted with chondroitin sulfate (CS) (PNIPAAm-g-CS) and blended with aldehyde-modified CS to generate an injectable polymer that can form covalent bonds with tissue upon contact. However, the presence of the reactive aldehyde groups can compromise the viability of encapsulated cells. Thus, liposomes were encapsulated in the blend, designed to deliver the ECM derivative, gelatin, after the polymer has adhered to tissue and reached physiological temperature. This work is based on the hypothesis that the discharge of gelatin will enhance the biocompatibility of the material by covalently reacting with, or "end-capping", the aldehyde functionalities within the gel that did not participate in bonding with tissue upon contact. As a comparison, formulations were also created without CS aldehyde and with an alternative adhesion mediator, mucoadhesive calcium alginate particles. Gels formed from blends of PNIPAAm-g-CS and CS aldehyde exhibited increased adhesive strength compared to PNIPAAm-g-CS alone (p<0.05). However, the addition of gelatin-loaded liposomes to the blend significantly decreased the adhesive strength (p<0.05). The encapsulation of alginate microparticles within PNIPAAm-g-CS gels caused the tensile strength to increase twofold over that of PNIPAAm-g-CS blends with CS aldehyde (p<0.05). Cytocompatibility studies indicate that formulations containing alginate particles exhibit reduced cytotoxicity over those containing CS aldehyde. Overall, the results indicated that the adhesives composed of alginate microparticles encapsulated in PNIPAAm-g-CS have the potential to serve as a scaffold for IVD regeneration.
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Malandrino A, Pozo JM, Castro-Mateos I, Frangi AF, van Rijsbergen MM, Ito K, Wilke HJ, Dao TT, Ho Ba Tho MC, Noailly J. On the relative relevance of subject-specific geometries and degeneration-specific mechanical properties for the study of cell death in human intervertebral disk models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:5. [PMID: 25717471 PMCID: PMC4324300 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Capturing patient- or condition-specific intervertebral disk (IVD) properties in finite element models is outmost important in order to explore how biomechanical and biophysical processes may interact in spine diseases. However, disk degenerative changes are often modeled through equations similar to those employed for healthy organs, which might not be valid. As for the simulated effects of degenerative changes, they likely depend on specific disk geometries. Accordingly, we explored the ability of continuum tissue models to simulate disk degenerative changes. We further used the results in order to assess the interplay between these simulated changes and particular IVD morphologies, in relation to disk cell nutrition, a potentially important factor in disk tissue regulation. A protocol to derive patient-specific computational models from clinical images was applied to different spine specimens. In vitro, IVD creep tests were used to optimize poro-hyperelastic input material parameters in these models, in function of the IVD degeneration grade. The use of condition-specific tissue model parameters in the specimen-specific geometrical models was validated against independent kinematic measurements in vitro. Then, models were coupled to a transport-cell viability model in order to assess the respective effects of tissue degeneration and disk geometry on cell viability. While classic disk poro-mechanical models failed in representing known degenerative changes, additional simulation of tissue damage allowed model validation and gave degeneration-dependent material properties related to osmotic pressure and water loss, and to increased fibrosis. Surprisingly, nutrition-induced cell death was independent of the grade-dependent material properties, but was favored by increased diffusion distances in large IVDs. Our results suggest that in situ geometrical screening of IVD morphology might help to anticipate particular mechanisms of disk degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Malandrino
- Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Pozo
- Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Isaac Castro-Mateos
- Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alejandro F. Frangi
- Center for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Marc M. van Rijsbergen
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Hans-Joachim Wilke
- Center of Musculoskeletal Research Ulm, Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tien Tuan Dao
- UTC CNRS UMR 7338, Biomécanique et Biongénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | - Marie-Christine Ho Ba Tho
- UTC CNRS UMR 7338, Biomécanique et Biongénierie (BMBI), Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne, France
| | - Jérôme Noailly
- Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Scharf B, Clement CC, Yodmuang S, Urbanska AM, Suadicani SO, Aphkhazava D, Thi MM, Perino G, Hardin JA, Cobelli N, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Santambrogio L. Age-related carbonylation of fibrocartilage structural proteins drives tissue degenerative modification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:922-34. [PMID: 23890010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging-related oxidative stress has been linked to degenerative modifications in different organs and tissues. Using redox proteomic analysis and illustrative tandem mass spectrometry mapping, we demonstrate oxidative posttranslational modifications in structural proteins of intervertebral discs (IVDs) isolated from aging mice. Increased protein carbonylation was associated with protein fragmentation and aggregation. Complementing these findings, a significant loss of elasticity and increased stiffness was measured in fibrocartilage from aging mice. Studies using circular dichroism and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence revealed a significant loss of secondary and tertiary structures of purified collagens following oxidation. Collagen unfolding and oxidation promoted both nonenzymatic and enzymatic degradation. Importantly, induction of oxidative modification in healthy fibrocartilage recapitulated the biochemical and biophysical modifications observed in the aging IVD. Together, these results suggest that protein carbonylation, glycation, and lipoxidation could be early events in promoting IVD degenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Scharf
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Stefanakis M, Key S, Adams MA. Healing of painful intervertebral discs: implications for physiotherapy. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1743288x12y.0000000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Rheological and dynamic integrity of simulated degenerated disc and consequences after cross-linker augmentation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2013; 38:E1446-53. [PMID: 23873230 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e3182a3d09d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An in situ study using whole-organ culture system. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of disc degeneration at different stages on its rheological and dynamic properties and to investigate the efficacy of exogenous cross-linking therapy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Disc degeneration can involve protein denaturation or microdefects to the disc's collagen fiber network. A disc degeneration model using whole-organ culture technique can be effectively used for the screening of treatments of degenerated discs. Exogenous cross-linking therapy has been shown to enhance the mechanical properties of the disc by cross-linking collagen. However, the efficacy of this therapy on the degenerated disc is unclear. METHODS A total of 40 porcine thoracic discs were assigned to 5 groups: intact discs, moderately degenerated discs, moderately degenerated discs with cross-linker augmentation, severely degenerated discs, and severely degenerated discs with cross-linker augmentation. The disc degeneration was simulated by trypsin digestion and mechanical fatigue loading. Rheological properties, dynamic properties, water content, and histological analysis were conducted after a 7-day incubation. RESULTS The mechanical properties of moderate degenerated discs significantly decrease both in rheological and dynamic properties, and laminate structure disorganization was observed. Mechanical defects of severely degenerated discs resulted in disc height loss, an increase in the aggregate modulus and stiffness modulus, and a decrease in the damping coefficient, hydraulic permeability, and water content. Cross-linker augmentation significantly recovered mechanical properties of moderately degenerated discs and restored the water content compared with the intact disc. However, the augmentation did not fully repair the severely degenerated discs. CONCLUSION Trypsin-induced extracellular matrix damage resulted in a change of the disc's biomechanics. Cross-linker augmentation recovers the rheological and dynamic properties of moderately degenerated discs but not of the severely degenerated discs. The genipin cross-linker may be able to improve the proteoglycan depletion effect in the nucleus pulposus but may not be effective to restore the structural damage in the collagen molecule of the anulus fibrosus.
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Cortes DH, Han WM, Smith L, Elliott DM. Mechanical properties of the extra-fibrillar matrix of human annulus fibrosus are location and age dependent. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:1725-32. [PMID: 23818058 PMCID: PMC4164199 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical behavior of the annulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc can be modeled as a mixture of fibers, extra-fibrillar matrix (EFM), ions, and fluid. However, the properties of the EFM have not been measured directly. We measured mechanical properties of the human EFM at several locations, determined the effect of age and degeneration, and evaluated whether changes in EFM properties correspond to AF compositional changes. EFM mechanical properties were measured using a method that combines osmotic loading and confined compression. AF samples were dissected from several locations, and mechanical properties were correlated with age, degeneration, and composition. EFM modulus was found to range between 10 and 50 kPa, increasing nonlinearly with compression magnitude and being highest in the AF outer-anterior region. EFM properties were not correlated with composition or degeneration. However, the EFM modulus, its relative contribution to tissue modulus, and model parameters were correlated with age. These measurements will result in more accurate predictions of deformations in the intervertebral disc. Additionally, parameters such as permeability and diffusivity used for biotransport analysis of glucose and other solutes depend on EFM deformation. Consequently, the accuracy of biotransport simulations will be greatly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Cortes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Woojin M. Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lachlan Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dawn M. Elliott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE,Corresponding Author: Dawn M. Elliott, Ph.D., University of Delaware, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 125 E Delaware Ave., Newark, DE 19716,
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Wang D, Hu Z, Hao J, He B, Gan Q, Zhong X, Zhang X, Shen J, Fang J, Jiang W. SIRT1 inhibits apoptosis of degenerative human disc nucleus pulposus cells through activation of Akt pathway. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1741-1753. [PMID: 22990594 PMCID: PMC3776108 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that SIRT1, an NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, reduces apoptosis in several different cells. However, the role of SIRT1 in apoptosis of disc nucleus pulposus (NP) cells remains unclear. The present study was performed to determine whether degenerative human NP would express SIRT1, and to investigate the role of SIRT1 in NP cells apoptosis. The expression of SIRT1 in disc NP of patients (>55 years) with lumbar disc degenerative disease (DDD) and the disc NP of patients (<25 years) with lumbar vertebra fracture (LVF) was assessed by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. The results showed that SIRT1 mRNA and protein levels were greater in LVF disc NP than those in DDD disc NP. Degenerative human NP cells were treated in culture with activator or inhibitor of SIRT1, resveratrol or nicotinamide, or SIRT1 small interfering RNA (siRNA), and cell apoptosis was quantified via flow cytometry. The rate of apoptosis was far fewer in resveratrol-treated NP cells than in SIRT1 siRNA-transfected or nicotinamide-treated NP cells. After SIRT1 siRNA was transfected, NP cells decreased phosphorylation of Akt, while resveratrol phosphorylated Akt. Treatment with LY294002 or Akt siRNA increased the rate of apoptosis. Our results suggested that SIRT1 plays a critical role in survival of degenerative human NP cells through the Akt anti-apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- DaWu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - ZhenMing Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jie Hao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Qiang Gan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - XiaoMing Zhong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - XiaoJun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - JieLiang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Ji Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Yuzhong District Chongqing, 400016 China
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Terajima M, Damle S, Penmatsa M, West P, Bostrom M, Hidaka C, Yamauchi M, Pleshko N. Temporal changes in collagen cross-links in spontaneous articular cartilage repair. Cartilage 2012; 3:278-287. [PMID: 23272271 PMCID: PMC3529722 DOI: 10.1177/1947603512437736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Little is known about how the biochemical properties of collagen change during tissue regeneration following cartilage damage. In the current study, temporal changes in cartilage repair tissue biochemistry were assessed in a rabbit osteochondral defect. DESIGN: Bilateral full thickness 3mm osteochondral trochlear groove defects were created in 54 adult male skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits and tissue repair monitored over 16 weeks. Collagen content, cross-links, lysyl hydroxylation, gene expression, histological grading, and FTIR analyses were performed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. RESULTS: Defect fill occurred at ~4 weeks post-injury, however, histological grading showed that the repair tissue never became normal, primarily due to the presence of fibrocartilage. Gene expression levels of Col1a1 and Col1a2 were higher in the defect compared to adjacent regions. Collagen content in the repair tissue reached the level of normal cartilage at 6 weeks, but it took 12 weeks for the extent of lysine hydroxylation to return to normal. Divalent immature cross-links markedly increased in the early stages of repair. Though the levels gradually diminished thereafter, they never returned to the normal levels. The mature cross-link, pyridinoline, gradually increased with time and nearly reached normal levels by week 16. Infrared imaging data of protein content paralleled the biochemical data. However, collagen maturity, a parameter previously shown to reflect collagen cross-link ratios in bone, did not correlate with the biochemical determination of cross-links in the repair tissue.. CONCLUSION: Collagen biochemical data could provide markers for clinical monitoring in a healing defect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheela Damle
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madhuri Penmatsa
- College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul West
- Engineering, LaGuardia Community College (CUNY), New York, NY, USA
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathias Bostrom
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chisa Hidaka
- Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, US
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- University of North Carolina Dental School, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abbott RD, Howe AK, Langevin HM, Iatridis JC. Live free or die: stretch-induced apoptosis occurs when adaptive reorientation of annulus fibrosus cells is restricted. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:361-6. [PMID: 22516752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High matrix strains in the intervertebral disc occur during physiological motions and are amplified around structural defects in the annulus fibrosus (AF). It remains unknown if large matrix strains in the human AF result in localized cell death. This study investigated strain amplitudes and substrate conditions where AF cells were vulnerable to stretch-induced apoptosis. Human degenerated AF cells were subjected to 1 Hz-cyclic tensile strains for 24h on uniformly collagen coated substrates and on substrates with 40 μm stripes of collagen that restricted cellular reorientation. AF cells were capable of responding to stretch (stress fibers and focal adhesions aligned perpendicular to the direction of stretch), but were vulnerable to stretch-induced apoptosis when cytoskeletal reorientation was restricted, as could occur in degenerated states due to fibrosis and crosslink accumulation and at areas where high strains occur (around structural defects, delaminations, and herniations).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalyn D Abbott
- School of Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Alterations in T2 relaxation magnetic resonance imaging of the ovine intervertebral disc due to nonenzymatic glycation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012; 37:E209-15. [PMID: 21857410 PMCID: PMC3348580 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e31822ce81f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An in vitro study using ovine intervertebral discs to correlate the effects of increasing advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) with disc hydration evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between the level of AGEs and tissue water content in intervertebral discs using T2 relaxation MRI. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA AGEs result from nonenzymatic glycation, and AGEs have been shown to accumulate in the intervertebral disc tissue with aging and degeneration. AGEs can alter biochemical properties, including the hydrophobicity of the extracellular matrix. Because one of the degenerative signs of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is reduced hydration, we hypothesized that increased levels of tissue AGEs contribute to disc hydration. T2 relaxation MRI has been shown to be sensitive to the hydration status of the disc and may be valuable in detecting the changes in the IVD mediated by the increase of AGEs. METHODS Thirty-eight IVDs were obtained from 4 ovine spines, and the annulus fibrosis (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues were isolated from these discs. The tissues were incubated in either a ribosylation or control solution for up to 8 days to induce the formation of AGEs. T2 relaxation times were obtained from these tissues after ribosylation. These tissues were subsequently analyzed for hydration, proteoglycan, collagen, and AGEs content. RESULTS In vitro ribosylation led to the increased accumulation of AGEs and reduced water content in both the AF and NP in a dose-dependent manner, but did not affect the proteoglycan and collagen composition. When analyzed by MRI, ribosylation significantly altered the mean T2 relaxation times in the NP (P = 0.001), but not in the AF (P = 0.912). Furthermore, the mean T2 values in the NP significantly decreased with increasing periods of incubation time (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that levels of AGEs in the IVD may affect the tissue water content. Moreover, these ribosylation-mediated changes in tissue hydration were detectable using T2 relaxation MRI. T2 relaxation MRI may provide a noninvasive tool to measure in vivo changes in disc hydration that are negatively correlated with the accumulation of AGEs.
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Adams MA, Stefanakis M, Dolan P. Healing of a painful intervertebral disc should not be confused with reversing disc degeneration: implications for physical therapies for discogenic back pain. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2010; 25:961-71. [PMID: 20739107 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much is known about intervertebral disc degeneration, but little effort has been made to relate this information to the clinical problem of discogenic back pain, and how it might be treated. METHODS We re-interpret the scientific literature in order to provide a rationale for physical therapy treatments for discogenic back pain. INTERPRETATION Intervertebral discs deteriorate over many years, from the nucleus outwards, to an extent that is influenced by genetic inheritance and metabolite transport. Age-related deterioration can be accelerated by physical disruption, which leads to disc "degeneration" or prolapse. Degeneration most often affects the lower lumbar discs, which are loaded most severely, and it is often painful because nerves in the peripheral anulus or vertebral endplate can be sensitised by inflammatory-like changes arising from contact with blood or displaced nucleus pulposus. Surgically-removed human discs show an active inflammatory process proceeding from the outside-in, and animal studies confirm that effective healing occurs only in the outer anulus and endplate, where cell density and metabolite transport are greatest. Healing of the disc periphery has the potential to relieve discogenic pain, by re-establishing a physical barrier between nucleus pulposus and nerves, and reducing inflammation. CONCLUSION Physical therapies should aim to promote healing in the disc periphery, by stimulating cells, boosting metabolite transport, and preventing adhesions and re-injury. Such an approach has the potential to accelerate pain relief in the disc periphery, even if it fails to reverse age-related degenerative changes in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Adams
- Centre for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Immunohistochemical identification of notochordal markers in cells in the aging human lumbar intervertebral disc. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2010; 19:1761-70. [PMID: 20372940 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-010-1392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The fate of notochord cells during disc development and aging is still a subject of debate. Cells with the typical notochordal morphology disappear from the disc within the first decade of life. However, the pure morphologic differentiation of notochordal from non-notochordal disc cells can be difficult, prompting the use of cellular markers. Previous reports on these notochordal cell markers only explored the occurrence in young age groups without considering changes during disc degeneration. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate presence, localization, and abundance of cells expressing notochordal cell markers in human lumbar discs during disc development and degeneration. Based on pilot studies, cytokeratins CK-8, -18 and -19 as well as Galectin-3 were chosen from a broad panel of potential notochordal cell markers and used for immunohistochemical staining of 30 human lumbar autopsy samples (0-86 years) and 38 human surgical disc samples (26-69 years). In the autopsy group, 80% of fetal to adolescent discs (0-17 years) and 100% of young adult discs (18-30 years) contained many cells with positive labeling. These cells were strongly clustered and nearly exclusively located in areas with granular changes (or other matrix defects), showing predominantly a chondrocytic morphology as well as (in a much lesser extent) a fibrocytic phenotype. In mature discs (31-60 years) and elderly discs (≥ 60 years) only 25 and 22-33%, respectively, contained few stained nuclear cells, mostly associated with matrix defects. In the surgical group, only 16% of samples from young adults (≤ 47 years) exhibited positively labeled cells whereas mature to old surgical discs (>47 years) contained no labeled cells. This is the first study describing the presence and temporo-spatial localization of cells expressing notochordal cell markers in human lumbar intervertebral discs of all ages and variable degree of disc degeneration. Our findings indicate that cells with a (immunohistochemically) notochord-like phenotype are present in a considerable fraction of adult lumbar intervertebral discs. The presence of these cells is associated with distinct features of (early) age-related disc degeneration, particularly with granular matrix changes.
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Vonk LA, Kroeze RJ, Doulabi BZ, Hoogendoorn RJ, Huang C, Helder MN, Everts V, Bank RA. Caprine articular, meniscus and intervertebral disc cartilage: An integral analysis of collagen network and chondrocytes. Matrix Biol 2010; 29:209-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Willems NMBK, Langenbach GEJ, Everts V, Mulder L, Grünheid T, Bank RA, Zentner A, van Eijden TMGJ. Age-related changes in collagen properties and mineralization in cancellous and cortical bone in the porcine mandibular condyle. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 86:307-12. [PMID: 20225089 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is an important constituent of bone, and it has been suggested that changes in collagen and mineral properties of bone are interrelated during growth. The aim of this study was to quantify age-related changes in collagen properties and the degree of mineralization of bone (DMB). The DMB in cancellous and cortical bone samples from the mandibular condyle of 35 female pigs aged 0-100 weeks was determined using micro-computed tomography. Subsequently, the amount of collagen and the number of pentosidine (Pen), hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP), and lysylpyridinoline (LP) cross-links were quantified by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. The amount of collagen increased with age in cancellous bone but remained unchanged in cortical bone. The number of Pen and LP cross-links decreased in both bone types. In contrast, the number of HP cross-links decreased only in cancellous bone. The sum of the number of HP and LP cross-links decreased with age in cancellous bone only. The DMB increased in cancellous and cortical bone. It was concluded that the largest changes in the number of mature collagen cross-links and the mineralization in porcine cancellous and cortical bone take place before the age of 40 weeks. The low number of mature cross-links after this age suggests that the bone turnover rate continues to be high and thereby prevents the development of mature cross-links.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nop M B K Willems
- Department of Orthodontics, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Chuang SY, Lin LC, Tsai YC, Wang JL. Exogenous crosslinking recovers the functional integrity of intervertebral disc secondary to a stab injury. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 92:297-302. [PMID: 19189385 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous crosslinking was proved to improve the fatigue resistance of anulus fibrosus and the stability of motion segment. The effect of crosslinking on the recovery of stab-injured discs, however, was less studied. The purpose of this study is to find if the exogenous crosslinking can increase the mechanical function of injured discs. Fresh healthy porcine discs (T2/T9) from 6-month-old swine were obtained immediately following death. Anular puncture using 16 and 18 G spinal needle were used to create medium and large disc stab injury models. Three treatments were designed for each injury model. The first one is the injured discs without treatment. The second one is the injured discs soaked with phosphate buffered solution for 2 days. The third one is the injured discs soaked with 0.33% genipin solution for 2 days. The disc integrity was evaluated using quantitative discomanometry (QD) apparatus. Four QD parameters, that is, the leakage pressure and volume, and the saturate pressure and volume, were analyzed to find the efficacy of treatment. We found that soaking of genipin solution recovered the disc leakage pressure from 1.3 to 1.8 MPa in 16 G-injury-model and from 2.3 to 3.2 MPa in 18 G-injury-model, and recovered the saturate pressure from 1.6 to 2.0 MPa in 16 G-injury-model and from 2.7 to 3.7 MPa in 18 G-injury-model. The improvement of disc integrity by soaking with genipin solution indicate that the exogenous crosslinking may help the biomechanical performance of an injured disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Youeng Chuang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Barbir A, Michalek AJ, Abbott RD, Iatridis JC. Effects of enzymatic digestion on compressive properties of rat intervertebral discs. J Biomech 2010; 43:1067-73. [PMID: 20116063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic treatments were applied to rat motion segments to establish structure-function relationships and determine mechanical parameters most sensitive to simulated remodeling and degeneration. Rat caudal and lumbar disc biomechanical behaviors were evaluated to improve knowledge of their similarities and differences due to their frequent use during in vivo models. Caudal motion segments were assigned to four groups: soaked (control), genipin treated, elastase treated, and collagenase treated. Fresh lumbar and caudal discs were also compared. The mechanical protocol involved five force-controlled loading stages: equilibration, cyclic compression-tension, quasi-static compression, frequency sweep, and creep. Crosslinking was found to have the greatest effect on IVD properties at resting stress. Elastin's role was greatest in tension and at higher force conditions, where GAG content was also a contributing factor. Collagenase treatment caused tissue compaction, which impacted mechanical properties at both high and low force conditions. Equilibration creep and cyclic compression-tension tests were the mechanical tests most sensitive to alterations in specific matrix constituents. Caudal and lumbar motion segments had many similarities but biomechanical differences suggested some distinctions in collagenous structure and water transport characteristics in addition to the geometric differences. Results provide a basis for interpreting biomechanical changes observed in animal model studies of degeneration and remodeling, and underscore the need to maintain and/or repair collagen integrity in IVD health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barbir
- College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, 33 Colchester Avenue, 207 Perkins Hall, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Fassett DR, Kurd MF, Vaccaro AR. Biologic Solutions for Degenerative Disk Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 22:297-308. [DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0b013e31816d5f64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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