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Yang H, Zhang P, Wang Q, Cheng K, Zhao Y. The research development of STAT3 in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1066222. [PMID: 36761734 PMCID: PMC9902876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1066222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common complication of surgery, which can cause rapid deterioration of the liver function, increase the risk of graft rejection, and seriously affect the prognosis of patients. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein has been implicated in pathogenesis of IRI. STAT3 influences the mitochondria through multiple pathways and is also involved in apoptosis and other forms of programmed cell death. STAT3 is associated with Janus kinase (JAK), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in liver IRI. The STAT3 pathway plays a dual role in IRI as it can also regulate lipid metabolism which may have potential for treating IRI fatty liver. In this review, we summarize research on the function of STAT3 in liver IRI to provide references for its application in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yujun Zhao
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Comission, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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2
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Delivering siRNA Compounds During HOPE to Modulate Organ Function: A Proof-of-Concept Study in a Rat Liver Transplant Model. Transplantation 2022; 106:1565-1576. [PMID: 35581683 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis contributes to the severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), limiting the use of extended criteria donors in liver transplantation (LT). Machine perfusion has been proposed as a platform to administer specific therapies to improve graft function. Alternatively, the inhibition of genes associated with apoptosis during machine perfusion could alleviate IRI post-LT. The aim of the study was to investigate whether inhibition of an apoptosis-associated gene (FAS) using a small interfering RNA (siRNA) approach could alleviate IRI in a rat LT model. METHODS In 2 different experimental protocols, FASsiRNA (500 µg) was administered to rat donors 2 h before organ procurement, followed by 22 h of static cold storage, (SCS) or was added to the perfusate during 1 h of ex situ hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) to livers previously preserved for 4 h in SCS. RESULTS Transaminase levels were significantly lower in the SCS-FASsiRNA group at 24 h post-LT. Proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-2, C-X-C motif chemokine 10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma) were significantly decreased in the SCS-FASsiRNA group, whereas the interleukin-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine was significantly increased in the HOPE-FASsiRNA group. Liver absorption of FASsiRNA after HOPE session was demonstrated by confocal microscopy; however, no statistically significant differences on the apoptotic index, necrosis levels, and FAS protein transcription between treated and untreated groups were observed. CONCLUSIONS FAS inhibition through siRNA therapy decreases the severity of IRI after LT in a SCS protocol; however the association of siRNA therapy with a HOPE perfusion model is very challenging. Future studies using better designed siRNA compounds and appropriate doses are required to prove the siRNA therapy effectiveness during liver HOPE liver perfusion.
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Kawasoe J, Uchida Y, Kawamoto H, Miyauchi T, Watanabe T, Saga K, Tanaka K, Ueda S, Terajima H, Taura K, Hatano E. Propionic Acid, Induced in Gut by an Inulin Diet, Suppresses Inflammation and Ameliorates Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:862503. [PMID: 35572528 PMCID: PMC9097600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the obstacles in liver surgery such as liver resection and transplantation. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect on mouse liver IRI by feeding mice with inulin, which is a heterogeneous blend of indigestible fructose polymer. Mice were fed either a control ordinary diet (CD) or an inulin diet (ID) containing 5% inulin in the CD, for 14 days before the ischemia and reperfusion (IR) maneuver. IR induced-liver damages were significantly ameliorated in the ID group, compared with those in the CD group. Feeding mice with an ID, but not a CD, elevated levels of Bacteroidetes among gut microbiota, and especially increased Bacteroides acidifaciens in mouse feces, which resulted in significant elevation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the portal vein of mice. Among SCFAs, propionic acid (PA) was most significantly increased. The microbial gene functions related to PA biosynthesis were much higher in the fecal microbiome of the ID group compared to the CD. However, the action of PA on liver IRI has not been yet clarified. Direct intraperitoneal administration of PA alone prior to the ischemia strongly suppressed liver cell damages as well as inflammatory responses caused by liver IR. Furthermore, PA suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines from peritoneal macrophages stimulated in vitro through TLR-4 with high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1), known to be released from apoptotic liver cells during the IR insult. The present study shows that PA may play a key role in the inulin-induced amelioration of mouse liver IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kawasoe
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Uchida
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yoichiro Uchida,
| | - Hiroshi Kawamoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyauchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Division of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Saga
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shugo Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Terajima
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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ZHAO Y, ZHANG Y, ZHANG Y, HAN B, CHANG H, BIAN A, ZHAO Q. Extraction of breviscapine from Erigeron breviscapus and its effect on oxidative stress, inflammation, energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis in rats with uterine ischemia-reperfusion injury. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.31421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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5
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Liu H, Man K. New Insights in Mechanisms and Therapeutics for Short- and Long-Term Impacts of Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Post Liver Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158210. [PMID: 34360975 PMCID: PMC8348697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation has been identified as the most effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver diseases. However, hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with poor graft function and poses a risk of adverse clinical outcomes post transplantation. Cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis and pyroptosis, is induced during the acute phase of liver IRI. The release of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAPMs) and mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from the disturbance of metabolic homeostasis initiates graft inflammation. The inflammation in the short term exacerbates hepatic damage, leading to graft dysfunction and a higher incidence of acute rejection. The subsequent changes in the graft immune environment due to hepatic IRI may result in chronic rejection, cancer recurrence and fibrogenesis in the long term. In this review, we mainly focus on new mechanisms of inflammation initiated by immune activation related to metabolic alteration in the short term during liver IRI. The latest mechanisms of cancer recurrence and fibrogenesis due to the long-term impact of inflammation in hepatic IRI is also discussed. Furthermore, the development of therapeutic strategies, including ischemia preconditioning, pharmacological inhibitors and machine perfusion, for both attenuating acute inflammatory injury and preventing late-phase disease recurrence, will be summarized in the context of clinical, translational and basic research.
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6
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Duan Y, Meng Y, Gao Z, Wang X, Zhang H. microRNA-9-5p protects liver sinusoidal endothelial cell against oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury. Open Life Sci 2021; 16:375-383. [PMID: 33977146 PMCID: PMC8060979 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance of the function and survival of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) play a crucial role in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, a major cause of liver impairment during the surgical treatment. Emerging evidence indicates a critical role of microRNAs in I/R injury. This study aims to investigate whether miR-9-5p exerts a protective effect on LSECs. METHODS We transfected LSECs with miR-9-5p mimic or mimic NC. LSECs were treated with oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD, 5% CO2, and 95% N2), followed by glucose-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) medium for 6 h and high glucose (HG, 30 mmol/L glucose) DMEM medium for 12 h. The biological role of miR-9-5p in I/R-induced LSEC injury was determined. RESULTS In the in vitro model of OGD/HG injury in LSECs, the expression levels of miR-9-5p were significantly downregulated, and those of CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) upregulated. LSEC I/R injury led to deteriorated cell death, enhanced oxidative stress, and excessive inflammatory response. Mechanistically, we showed that miR-9-5p overexpression significantly downregulated both mRNA and protein levels of CXCR4, followed by the rescue of LSECs, ameliorated inflammatory response, and deactivation of pro-apoptotic signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS miR-9-5p promotes LSEC survival and inhibits apoptosis and inflammatory response in LSECs following OGD/HG injury via downregulation of CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, No. 168 Litang Road, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, No. 168 Litang Road, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Zhifeng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, No. 168 Litang Road, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, No. 168 Litang Road, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, No. 168 Litang Road, Beijing 102218, China
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7
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Wang PP, Huang X, Yang MW, Fang SY, Hong FF, Yang SL. Effects of non-drug treatment on liver cells apoptosis during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2021; 275:119321. [PMID: 33711387 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is an important cause of liver dysfunction after liver transplantation for the patients suffered from fatty liver, non-alcoholic cirrhosis, or liver cancer. It is closely related to liver cells apoptosis. Therefore, how to maintain the stable state of cell apoptosis is important to protect the liver from HIRI. Drug treatment basically applies some active substances directly or indirectly, reducing HIRI. But their toxic side effects limit the clinical applications. Differently, non-drug treatment means making use of other kinds of measures to reduce the damage, such as non-pharmaceutical preparations, surgical methods, inhalation or perfusion gas, and so on. Non-drug treatments have been shown to balance cell apoptosis and reduce liver damage during HIRI. This review summarized the progresses in the roles of non-drug treatments on liver cells apoptosis during HIRI in recent years, focusing on apoptosis inducing factors, its signal transduction pathway, and downstream molecules, etc., expecting to elucidate non-drug treatments of anti-HIRI more systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Xia Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Mei-Wen Yang
- Department of Nurse, Nanchang University Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shi-Yao Fang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Department of Experimental Teaching Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Noguchi D, Kuriyama N, Hibi T, Maeda K, Shinkai T, Gyoten K, Hayasaki A, Fujii T, Iizawa Y, Tanemura A, Murata Y, Kishiwada M, Sakurai H, Mizuno S. The Impact of Dabigatran Treatment on Sinusoidal Protection Against Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice. Liver Transpl 2021; 27:363-384. [PMID: 33108682 PMCID: PMC7984054 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin is a key player in the coagulation cascade, and it is attracting much attention as a promotor of cellular injured signaling. In ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), which is a severe complication of liver transplantation, thrombin may also promote tissue damage. The aim of this study is to reveal whether dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, can attenuate hepatic IRI with focusing on a protection of sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs). Both clinical patients who underwent hepatectomy and in vivo mice model of 60-minute hepatic partial-warm IRII, thrombin generation was evaluated before and after IRI. In next study, IRI mice were treated with or without dabigatran. In addition, hepatic SECs and hepatocytes pretreated with or without dabigatran were incubated in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H-R) environment in vitro. Thrombin generation evaluated by thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) was significantly enhanced after IRI in the clinical study and in vivo study. Thrombin exacerbated lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity levels in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In an IRI model of mice, dabigatran treatment significantly improved liver histological damage, induced sinusoidal protection, and provided both antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, dabigatran not only enhanced endogenous thrombomodulin (TM) but also reduced excessive serum high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1). In H-R models of SECs, not hepatocytes, pretreatment with dabigatran markedly attenuated H-R damage, enhanced TM expression in cell lysate, and decreased extracellular HMGB-1. The supernatant of SECs pretreated with dabigatran protected hepatocytes from H-R damage and cellular death. Thrombin exacerbated hepatic IRI, and excessive extracellular HMGB-1 caused severe inflammation-induced and apoptosis-induced liver damage. In this situation, dabigatran treatment improved vascular integrity via sinusoidal protection and degraded HMGB-1 by endogenous TM enhancement on SECs, greatly ameliorating hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Noguchi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Naohisa Kuriyama
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Taemi Hibi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Koki Maeda
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Toru Shinkai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Kazuyuki Gyoten
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Aoi Hayasaki
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Takehiro Fujii
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Yusuke Iizawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Akihiro Tanemura
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Murata
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Masashi Kishiwada
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakurai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
| | - Shugo Mizuno
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Transplant SurgeryMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsu cityMieJapan
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Kawasoe J, Uchida Y, Miyauchi T, Kadono K, Hirao H, Saga K, Watanabe T, Ueda S, Terajima H, Uemoto S. The lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin is a drug candidate for both prophylaxis and treatment of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury in mice. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:540-551. [PMID: 32805077 PMCID: PMC7891328 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) can occur in any tissue or organ. With respect to liver transplantation, the liver grafts from donors by definition experience transient ischemia and subsequent blood reflow. IRI is a problem not only in organ transplantation but also in cases of thrombosis or circulatory disorders such as mesenteric ischemia, myocardial, or cerebral infarction. We have reported that recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM), which is currently used in Japan to treat disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), has a protective effect and suppresses liver IRI in mice. However, rTM may not be fully safe to use in humans because of its inherent anticoagulant activity. In the present study, we used a mouse liver IRI model to explore the possibility that the isolated lectin-like domain of rTM (rTMD1), which has no anticoagulant activity, could be effective as a therapeutic modality for IRI. Our results indicated that rTMD1 could suppress ischemia and reperfusion-induced liver damage in a dose-dependent manner without concern of associated hemorrhage. Surprisingly, rTMD1 suppressed the liver damage even after IR insult had occurred. Taken together, we conclude that rTMD1 may be a candidate drug for prevention of and therapy for human liver IRI without the possible risk of hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kawasoe
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and OncologyThe Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Yoichiro Uchida
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and OncologyThe Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyauchi
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and OncologyThe Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Kentaro Kadono
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hirofumi Hirao
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kenichi Saga
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and OncologyThe Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Division of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical SciencesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shugo Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and OncologyThe Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Hiroaki Terajima
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and OncologyThe Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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Chi Y, Peng B, Lu J. Effect of ovarian storage time at 4 degrees C on cumulus cell apoptosis in porcine antral follicles. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13465. [PMID: 33222358 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of cold storage time on apoptosis of cumulus cells (CCs) from porcine ovaries, and to compare the sensitivity of four apoptosis-detection methods. Porcine ovaries were stored in physiological saline solution at 4°C for 0, 7, 24 and 48 hr, and then cumulus cells or granulosa cells (GCs) in antral follicles were retrieved to detect cell apoptosis. Cumulus cells isolated from stored ovaries for 24 hr presented obvious apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated d-UTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. A typical DNA ladder pattern of apoptosis was observed in GCs 24 hr post storage treatment. The mean Olive Tail Moment of CCs was significantly increased after 24 hr using comet assay; however, the mean tail migration and mean tail DNA increased gradually after 7 hr of storage. In addition, annexin V/PI staining assay showed an obvious increase in apoptotic CCs (Annexin V positive, PI negative) 7 hr after treatment, and the apoptotic rate reached to a peak at 24 hr followed by a decline after 48 hr of storage to the level at 7 hr. In conclusion, cold storage of porcine ovary in physiological saline solution induced a time-dependent increase in apoptosis of cumulus cells, and annexin V/PI staining combined with comet assay provided a sensitive and reliable method to detect early damages in cumulus cells induced by cold storage of ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Chi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Peng
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Fagenson AM, Xu K, Saaoud F, Nanayakkara G, Jhala NC, Liu L, Drummer C, Sun Y, Lau KN, Di Carlo A, Jiang X, Wang H, Karhadkar SS, Yang X. Liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury, Enhanced by Trained Immunity, Is Attenuated in Caspase 1/Caspase 11 Double Gene Knockout Mice. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110879. [PMID: 33114395 PMCID: PMC7692674 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) during liver transplantation increases morbidity and contributes to allograft dysfunction. There are no therapeutic strategies to mitigate IRI. We examined a novel hypothesis: caspase 1 and caspase 11 serve as danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) sensors in IRI. By performing microarray analysis and using caspase 1/caspase 11 double-knockout (Casp DKO) mice, we show that the canonical and non-canonical inflammasome regulators are upregulated in mouse liver IRI. Ischemic pre (IPC)- and post-conditioning (IPO) induce upregulation of the canonical and non-canonical inflammasome regulators. Trained immunity (TI) regulators are upregulated in IPC and IPO. Furthermore, caspase 1 is activated during liver IRI, and Casp DKO attenuates liver IRI. Casp DKO maintained normal liver histology via decreased DNA damage. Finally, the decreased TUNEL assay-detected DNA damage is the underlying histopathological and molecular mechanisms of attenuated liver pyroptosis and IRI. In summary, liver IRI induces the upregulation of canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes and TI enzyme pathways. Casp DKO attenuate liver IRI. Development of novel therapeutics targeting caspase 1/caspase 11 and TI may help mitigate injury secondary to IRI. Our findings have provided novel insights on the roles of caspase 1, caspase 11, and inflammasome in sensing IRI derived DAMPs and TI-promoted IRI-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Fagenson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.N.L.); (A.D.C.); (S.S.K.)
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.F.); (X.Y.)
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (L.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Gayani Nanayakkara
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
- Eccles Institute of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nirag C. Jhala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA;
| | - Lu Liu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (L.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
| | - Kwan N. Lau
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.N.L.); (A.D.C.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Antonio Di Carlo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.N.L.); (A.D.C.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (L.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (L.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Sunil S. Karhadkar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplant, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.N.L.); (A.D.C.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (K.X.); (F.S.); (G.N.); (C.D.); (Y.S.); (X.J.)
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (L.L.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.F.); (X.Y.)
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12
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Baidya R, Crawford DHG, Gautheron J, Wang H, Bridle KR. Necroptosis in Hepatosteatotic Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165931. [PMID: 32824744 PMCID: PMC7460692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While liver transplantation remains the sole treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease, there are numerous limitations to liver transplantation including the scarcity of donor livers and a rise in livers that are unsuitable to transplant such as those with excess steatosis. Fatty livers are susceptible to ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury during transplantation and IR injury results in primary graft non-function, graft failure and mortality. Recent studies have described new cell death pathways which differ from the traditional apoptotic pathway. Necroptosis, a regulated form of cell death, has been associated with hepatic IR injury. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) are thought to be instrumental in the execution of necroptosis. The study of hepatic necroptosis and potential therapeutic approaches to attenuate IR injury will be a key factor in improving our knowledge regarding liver transplantation with fatty donor livers. In this review, we focus on the effect of hepatic steatosis during liver transplantation as well as molecular mechanisms of necroptosis and its involvement during liver IR injury. We also discuss the immune responses triggered during necroptosis and examine the utility of necroptosis inhibitors as potential therapeutic approaches to alleviate IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raji Baidya
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4006, Australia; (R.B.); (D.H.G.C.)
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4120, Australia;
| | - Darrell H. G. Crawford
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4006, Australia; (R.B.); (D.H.G.C.)
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4120, Australia;
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne University, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), 75012 Paris, France;
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Haolu Wang
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4120, Australia;
- Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kim R. Bridle
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4006, Australia; (R.B.); (D.H.G.C.)
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4120, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3346-0698
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Chitosan protects liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury via regulating Bcl-2/Bax, TNF-α and TGF-β expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1565-1574. [PMID: 32735924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the potential attenuation effect of chitosan in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R), and its relevant protective mechanisms. Chitosan (200 mg/kg) has been administered orally for 30 days, later animals underwent liver 45 min ischemia and reperfusion for 60 min. Following treatment with chitosan, the levels of serum aminotransferases and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced. Similarly, hepatic (GSH, SOD, CAT, GST and GPx) were enhanced, and the level of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased. In addition, inflammatory cytokinesis (TNF-α and TGF-β) have recorded a significant decrease in their mRNA expression and protein levels using qPCR and ELISA respectively. Marked reduction of apoptosis has been indicated by the elevation in BCL2, and decreasing in BAX, Caspace-3 and Cytochrome-c expression levels, which furthermore confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay. The enhancement of the previous parameters resulted in a marked improvement in the liver architectures after chitosan administration. In conclusion, chitosan has proved its efficiency as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent through its inhibitory effect of cytokines and reducing ROS respectively. In addition, chitosan could modulate the changes in histological structure and alleviate apoptosis induced by liver I/R, which recommend it as an efficient agent for protection against liver I/R injury.
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14
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Antiapoptotic Effect by PAR-1 Antagonist Protects Mouse Liver Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Surg Res 2019; 246:568-583. [PMID: 31653415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulation disturbances in several liver diseases lead to thrombin generation, which triggers intracellular injury via activation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1). Little is known about the thrombin/PAR-1 pathway in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The present study aimed to clarify whether a newly selective PAR-1 antagonist, vorapaxar, can attenuate liver damage caused by hepatic IRI, with a focus on apoptosis and the survival-signaling pathway. METHODS A 60-min hepatic partial-warm IRI model was used to evaluate PAR-1 expression in vivo. Subsequently, IRI mice were treated with or without vorapaxar (with vehicle). In addition, hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) pretreated with or without vorapaxar (with vehicle) were incubated during hypoxia-reoxygenation in vitro. RESULTS In naïve livers, PAR-1 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis to be located on hepatic SECs, and IRI strongly enhanced PAR-1 expression. In IRI mice models, vorapaxar treatment significantly decreased serum transaminase levels, improved liver histological damage, reduced the number of apoptotic cells as evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining (median: 135 versus 25, P = 0.004), and induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) cell survival signaling (phospho-ERK/total ERK 1/2: 0.96 versus 5.34, P = 0.004). Pretreatment of SECs with vorapaxar significantly attenuated apoptosis and induced phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in vitro (phospho-ERK/total ERK 1/2: 0.66 versus 3.04, P = 0.009). These changes were abolished by the addition of PD98059, the ERK 1/2 pathway inhibitor, before treatment with vorapaxar. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study revealed that hepatic IRI induces significant enhancement of PAR-1 expression on SECs, which may be associated with suppression of survival signaling pathways such as ERK 1/2, resulting in severe apoptosis-induced hepatic damage. Thus, the selective PAR-1 antagonist attenuates hepatic IRI through an antiapoptotic effect by the activation of survival-signaling pathways.
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Ziemann C, Roller J, Malter MM, Keller K, Kollmar O, Glanemann M, Menger MD, Sperling J. Intra-arterial EmboCept S® and DC Bead® effectively inhibit tumor growth of colorectal rat liver metastases. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:938. [PMID: 31601175 PMCID: PMC6785845 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-arterial therapy with embolics is established for the treatment of malignancies of the liver. However, there are no studies comparing the different effects of various embolics used in clinical practice. Herein, we analyzed the effect of 3 different embolics on tumor growth in a rat model of colorectal liver metastases. METHODS Eight days after subcapsular implantation of 5 × 105 colorectal cancer cells (CC531) in the left liver lobe of WAG/Rij rats were randomized into 4 groups (n = 8) and underwent intra-arterial hepatic therapy. Animals received either EmboCept S®, DC Bead® or Lipiodol® Ultra-Fluid. Animals of the control group received a comparable amount of saline. Tumor growth was measured on day 8 and 11 using a three-dimensional 40 MHz ultrasound device. On day 11 tumor and liver tissue were removed for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS On day 11 animals of the control group showed a tumor growth of ~ 60% compared to day 8. Application of Lipiodol Ultra-Fluid® did not significantly influence tumor growth (~ 40%). In contrast, treatment with EmboCept S® or DC Bead® completely inhibited tumor growth. Of interest, application of EmboCept S® did not only completely inhibit tumor growth but even decreased tumor size. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant increase of necrotic areas within the tumors after application of EmboCept S® and DC Bead® compared to Lipiodol® Ultra-Fluid. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that an intra-arterial therapy with EmboCept S® and DC Bead®, but not Lipiodol® Ultra-Fluid, results in a complete inhibition of rat colorectal liver metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ziemann
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
- Present address: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Jonas Roller
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Markus M Malter
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Kira Keller
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Otto Kollmar
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Present address: Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Matthias Glanemann
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Jens Sperling
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Present address: Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Yang L, Jiang L, Jiang D, Liu B, Jin S. The protective effects of salvianolic acid A against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibiting expression of toll-like receptor 4 in rats. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1599-1607. [PMID: 31749890 PMCID: PMC6855152 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.87412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a serious complication of hepatectomy and liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of salvianolic acid-A (Sal-A) against IRI-induced hepatocellular injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: (1) sham group, (2) IR group, (3) Sal-A(10) group and (4) Sal-A(20) group. After 90 min of ischemia and 6 h of reperfusion, serum alanine aminotransferease (ALT) and apartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured; the amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver tissue were determined; the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 was detected and the severity of apoptosis, inflammation and pathological alterations were evaluated. Also apoptosis and mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4) were tested. RESULTS The serum aminotransferases, hepatic MDA concentration, and apoptotic cells in the IR group were significantly higher than in the sham group (p < 0.01), whereas the Sal-A group values were lower than in the IR group (p < 0.05). Compared with the IR group, the Sal-A groups had significantly higher Bcl-2 expression and downregulated cleaved caspase-3 expression in liver tissue. Moreover, increased mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 in IR rats and Sal-A could improve the increased mRNA and protein levels of TLR4. CONCLUSIONS Sal-A had a synergistically protective effect on the liver tissue against IRI that might be due to decreased oxidative stress, inflammation, hepatocellular apoptosis and include, at least in part, the regulation of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongdong Jiang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baiying Liu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Comparative study on protective effect of hydrogen rich saline and adipose-derived stem cells on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and hepatectomy injury in swine. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109453. [PMID: 31561069 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare and evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of liver parenchyma injection of ADSCs and portal vein injection of HRS in laparoscopic hepatic ischemia reperfusion combined with hepatectomy injury in miniature pigs. METHODS Eighteen miniature pigs were randomly assigned to IRI group, HRS group and ADSCs group. HRS was injected through the portal vein 10 min before reperfusion, 1 d, 2 d, and 3 d after surgery. ADSCs were injected into liver parenchyma after hepatectomy. The serum and liver tissue samples were collected at different time points (preoperative, and postoperative at 1 d, 3 d and 7 d). RESULTS Compared with the IRI group, both ADSCs and HRS groups can promote liver function recovery, reduce oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and promote liver regeneration. Compared with HRS, ALT and TBIL in ADSCs group were significantly decreased at 3 d, and AST was significantly reduced at 1 d. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in ADSCs group were significantly higher than that in HRS group, but the MDA level in HRS group was markedly lower than that in ADSCs group at 1 d. IL-1β was significantly lower in the ADSCs group than in the HRS group at 1 day after operation. The expressions of HGF and PCNA were significantly higher than that in the HRS group at 3 day after surgery. CONCLUSION Our study has demonstrated that HRS and ADSCs have significant hepatoprotective effects in miniature pigs after HIRI and hepatectomy injury. However, liver parenchyma injection of ADSCs is more beneficial to the recovery of liver function than portal vein injection of HRS.
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Franko J, Pomfy M, Prosbová T. Apoptosis and Cell Death (Mechanisms, Pharmacology and Promise for the Future). ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2019. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2019.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapidly growing body of evidence on cell death mechanisms and its disorders during last five years has replaced old paradigms and opened new horizons in medicine. Identification of different morphological and signaling aspects, as well as variances in requirement for energy enabled us to construct a theory of three main types of cell death: necrosis, apoptosis, and lysosomal cell death. Mitochondria, certain oncoproteins such as Bcl-2 family, and special catabolic enzymes participating in cellular demise might serve as targets for pharmacological manipulation. Upregulation or downregulation of programmed cell death has been implicated in ischemic, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune disorders, as well as in oncology and chronic inflammation. This minireview brings a short overview of genesis and development of theories on programmed cell death and apoptosis, summarizes basic relevant facts on apoptotic mechanisms and draws a new hypothesis on possible implication in medicine and surgery.
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Yoshikawa T, Nomi T, Sakai K, Hayakawa M, Hokuto D, Matsuo Y, Sho M, Matsumoto M. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury with Pringle's maneuver induces unusually large von Willebrand factor multimers after hepatectomy. Thromb Res 2019; 183:20-27. [PMID: 31518960 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION von Willebrand factor (VWF) is synthesised in vascular endothelial cells and released into the plasma as unusually large VWF multimers (UL-VWFMs). Sinusoidal endothelial cells are a major target of ischaemia-reperfusion injury due to liver surgery. This study aimed to clarify the effect of hepatectomy on UL-VWFMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients who underwent hepatectomy were eligible for the study. Plasma ADAMTS13 activity and VWF antigen levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multimer analysis of plasma VWF was performed according to Ruggeri and Zimmerman's method. For analyses, patients were categorised according to UL-VWFM positivity after hepatectomy. RESULTS Plasma ADAMTS13 activity significantly decreased from 61.0% (27.7%-126.2%) before operation to 37.4% (20.2%-71.4%) on postoperative day 7 (p < 0.001). Plasma VWF antigen levels significantly increased from 172.1% (80.5%-412.8%) before operation to 361.0% (154.7%-745.8%) on postoperative day 2, which remained high until postoperative day 7 (p < 0.001). Seven patients remained UL-VWFMs-negative and 22 patients became UL-VWFMs-positive after operation. Pringle's maneuver duration was significantly longer and blood loss volume was significantly higher in the UL-VWFMs-positive group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). By multivariable analysis, Pringle's maneuver duration [odds ratio 1.049, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.001-1.098; p = 0.043] was significantly associated with increased UL-VWFMs level after hepatectomy. UL-VWFMs index was significantly correlated with Pringle's maneuver duration (r = 0.444, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Plasma UL-VWFMs levels increased after hepatectomy due to ischaemia-reperfusion injury with Pringle's maneuver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeo Nomi
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuya Sakai
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Masaki Hayakawa
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hokuto
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasuko Matsuo
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsumoto
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
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Søfteland JM, Casselbrant A, Biglarnia AR, Linders J, Hellström M, Pesce A, Padma AM, Jiga LP, Hoinoiu B, Ionac M, Oltean M. Intestinal Preservation Injury: A Comparison Between Rat, Porcine and Human Intestines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133135. [PMID: 31252560 PMCID: PMC6650817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced preservation injury (PI) after intestinal transplantation has deleterious short- and long-term effects and constitutes a major research topic. Logistics and costs favor rodent studies, whereas clinical translation mandates studies in larger animals or using human material. Despite diverging reports, no direct comparison between the development of intestinal PI in rats, pigs, and humans is available. We compared the development of PI in rat, porcine, and human intestines. Intestinal procurement and cold storage (CS) using histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution was performed in rats, pigs, and humans. Tissue samples were obtained after 8, 14, and 24 h of CS), and PI was assessed morphologically and at the molecular level (cleaved caspase-3, zonula occludens, claudin-3 and 4, tricellulin, occludin, cytokeratin-8) using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Intestinal PI developed slower in pigs compared to rats and humans. Tissue injury and apoptosis were significantly higher in rats. Tight junction proteins showed quantitative and qualitative changes differing between species. Significant interspecies differences exist between rats, pigs, and humans regarding intestinal PI progression at tissue and molecular levels. These differences should be taken into account both with regards to study design and the interpretation of findings when relating them to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mackay Søfteland
- The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Science Park Medicinaregatan 8, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Casselbrant
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali-Reza Biglarnia
- Department of Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Linders
- Department of Transplantation, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mats Hellström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Science Park Medicinaregatan 8, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Pesce
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 86, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Arvind Manikantan Padma
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Science Park Medicinaregatan 8, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lucian Petru Jiga
- Department for Plastic, Aesthetic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Oldenburg, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, Steinweg 13-17, 26122 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bogdan Hoinoiu
- Pius Branzeu Center for Laparoscopic Surgery and Microsurgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, P-ta. E. Murgu 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihai Ionac
- Pius Branzeu Center for Laparoscopic Surgery and Microsurgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, P-ta. E. Murgu 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihai Oltean
- The Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Science Park Medicinaregatan 8, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Sevoflurane relieves hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the expression of Grp78. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180549. [PMID: 30217942 PMCID: PMC6172422 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This article aimed to study the role of sevoflurane pre-conditioning in hepatic ischemia–reperfusion and its potential mechanism. Methods: Rat liver ischemia–reperfusion model was constructed. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-6 concentrations were detected by ELISA. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nitric oxide (NO) in liver homogenate were determined. Hematoxylin–Eosin (HE) staining, Tunel, and immunohistochemistry were performed. Ischemia–reperfusion hepatocyte model was established. Cells transfection was conducted. Apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis were used. Results: Compared with I/R group, liver damage degree, liver cell apoptosis, and glucose regulatory protein 78 (Grp78) expression was obviously reduced in rats of SEV group. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations were also significantly increased (P<0.01). MDA and NO concentrations were dramatically lower (P<0.01) and SOD concentration was significantly higher (P<0.01). Apoptosis rate, Grp78, PERK, eIF2α, and p-c-JNK/JNK expression was also significantly decreased (P<0.01). Sevoflurane significantly reduced apoptosis and expression of PERK, eIF2α, p-c-JNK/JNK by inhibiting the expression of Grp78 (P<0.01). Conclusion: Sevoflurane relieves hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting the expression of Grp78.
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Bhogal RH, Weston CJ, Velduis S, G D Leuvenink H, Reynolds GM, Davies S, Nyguet-Thin L, Alfaifi M, Shepard EL, Boteon Y, Wallace L, Oo YH, Adams DH, Mirza DF, Mergental H, Muirhead G, Stephenson BTF, Afford SC. The Reactive Oxygen Species-Mitophagy Signaling Pathway Regulates Liver Endothelial Cell Survival During Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Liver Transpl 2018; 24:1437-1452. [PMID: 30040176 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is the main cause of complications following liver transplantation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were thought to be the main regulators of IRI. However, recent studies demonstrate that ROS activate the cytoprotective mechanism of autophagy promoting cell survival. Liver IRI initially damages the liver endothelial cells (LEC), but whether ROS-autophagy promotes cell survival in LEC during IRI is not known. Primary human LEC were isolated from human liver tissue and exposed to an in vitro model of IRI to assess the role of autophagy in LEC. The role of autophagy during liver IRI in vivo was assessed using a murine model of partial liver IRI. During IRI, ROS specifically activate autophagy-related protein (ATG) 7 promoting autophagic flux and the formation of LC3B-positive puncta around mitochondria in primary human LEC. Inhibition of ROS reduces autophagic flux in LEC during IRI inducing necrosis. In addition, small interfering RNA knockdown of ATG7 sensitized LEC to necrosis during IRI. In vivo murine livers in uninjured liver lobes demonstrate autophagy within LEC that is reduced following IRI with concomitant reduction in autophagic flux and increased cell death. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that during liver IRI ROS-dependent autophagy promotes the survival of LEC, and therapeutic targeting of this signaling pathway may reduce liver IRI following transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky H Bhogal
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Liver Unit, University Hospitals of Birmingham, New Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Weston
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Velduis
- University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henri G D Leuvenink
- University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gary M Reynolds
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Davies
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luu Nyguet-Thin
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Alfaifi
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Shepard
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yuri Boteon
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Wallace
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ye H Oo
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David H Adams
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Darius F Mirza
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Liver Unit, University Hospitals of Birmingham, New Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hynek Mergental
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Liver Unit, University Hospitals of Birmingham, New Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Muirhead
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Barnaby T F Stephenson
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C Afford
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute for Biomedical Research, The Medical School, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Jeong JS, Kim D, Kim KY, Ryu S, Han S, Shin BS, Kim GS, Gwak MS, Ko JS. Ischemic Preconditioning Produces Comparable Protection Against Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Under Isoflurane and Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Rats. Transplant Proc 2018; 49:2188-2193. [PMID: 29149981 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various volatile anesthetics and ischemic preconditioning (IP) have been demonstrated to exert protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in liver. We aimed to determine whether application of IP under isoflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia would confer protection against hepatic I/R injury in rats. METHODS Thirty-eight rats weighing 270 to 300 grams were randomly divided into 2 groups: isoflurane (1.5%) and sevoflurane (2.5%) anesthesia groups. Each group was subdivided into sham (n = 3), non-IP (n = 8; 45 minutes of hepatic ischemia), and IP (n = 8, IP consisting of 10-minute ischemia plus 15-minute reperfusion before prolonged ischemia) groups. The degree of hepatic injury and expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and caspase 3 were compared at 2 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS Hepatic ischemia induced significant degree of I/R injuries in both isoflurane and sevoflurane non-IP groups. In both anesthetic groups, introduction of IP dramatically attenuated I/R injuries as marked by significantly lower aspartate aminotransferase and aminotransferase levels and better histologic grades compared with corresponding non-IP groups. There were 2.3- and 1.7-fold increases in Bcl-2 mRNA levels in isoflurane and sevoflurane IP groups, respectively, compared with corresponding non-IP groups (both P < .05). Caspase 3 level was significantly high in the isoflurane non-IP group compared with the sham group; however, there were no differences among the sevoflurane groups. CONCLUSIONS The degree of hepatic I/R injury was significantly high in both isoflurane and sevoflurane groups in rats. However, application of IP significantly protected against I/R injury in both volatile anesthetic groups to similar degrees, and upregulation of Bcl-2 might be an important mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K Y Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B S Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - G S Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M S Gwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J S Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Jawad R, D’souza M, Selenius LA, Lundgren MW, Danielsson O, Nowak G, Björnstedt M, Isaksson B. Morphological alterations and redox changes associated with hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:1261-1269. [PMID: 29290907 PMCID: PMC5740095 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i34.1261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of warm ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury on hepatic morphology at the ultrastructural level and to analyze the expression of the thioredoxin (TRX) and glutaredoxin (GRX) systems.
METHODS Eleven patients undergoing liver resection were subjected to portal triad clamping (PTC). Liver biopsies were collected at three time points; first prior to PTC (baseline), 20 min after PTC (post-ischemia) and 20 min after reperfusion (post-reperfusion). Electron microscopy and morphometry were used to study and quantify ultrastructural changes, respectively. Additionally, gene expression analysis of TRX and GRX isoforms was performed by quantitative PCR. For further validation of redox protein status, immunogold staining was performed for the isoforms GRX1 and TRX1.
RESULTS Post-ischemia, a significant loss of the liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) lining was observed (P = 0.0003) accompanied by a decrease of hepatocyte microvilli in the space of Disse. Hepatocellular morphology was well preserved apart from the appearance of crystalline mitochondrial inclusions in 7 out of 11 patients. Post-reperfusion biopsies had similar features as post-ischemia with the exception of signs of a reactivation of the LSECs. No changes in the expression of redox-regulatory genes could be observed at mRNA level of the isoforms of the TRX family but immunoelectron microscopy indicated a redistribution of TRX1 within the cell.
CONCLUSION At the ultrastructural level, the major impact of hepatic warm I/R injury after PTC was borne by the LSECs with detachment and reactivation at ischemia and reperfusion, respectively. Hepatocytes morphology were well preserved. Crystalline inclusions in mitochondria were observed in the hepatocyte after ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Jawad
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-141 86, Sweden
| | - Melroy D’souza
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm S-141 86, Sweden
| | - Lisa Arodin Selenius
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-141 86, Sweden
| | - Marita Wallenberg Lundgren
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-141 86, Sweden
| | - Olof Danielsson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-141 86, Sweden
| | - Greg Nowak
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm S-141 86, Sweden
| | - Mikael Björnstedt
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-141 86, Sweden
| | - Bengt Isaksson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology (CLINTEC), Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm S-141 86, Sweden
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25
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Fu T, Guo D, Huang X, O'gorman MRG, Huang L, Crawford SE, Soriano HE. Apoptosis Occurs in Isolated and Banked Primary Mouse Hepatocytes. Cell Transplant 2017; 10:59-66. [DOI: 10.3727/000000001783987043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Medical School, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614
| | - Danqing Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Medical School, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614
| | - Maurice R. G. O'gorman
- Department of Immunology, Northwestern University Medical School, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614
| | - Lijun Huang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614
| | - Susan E. Crawford
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614
| | - Humberto E. Soriano
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Medical School, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614
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26
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Freitas SH, Dória RGS, Bueno RS, Rocha WB, Filho JRE, Moraes JRE, Vidane AS, Ambrósio CE. Evaluation of potential changes in liver and lung tissue of rats in an ischemia-reperfusion injury model (modified pringle maneuver). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178665. [PMID: 28604841 PMCID: PMC5467837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In surgical procedures involving the liver, such as transplantation, resection, and trauma, a temporary occlusion of hepatic vessels may be required. This study was designed to analyze the lesions promoted by ischemia and reperfusion injury of the hepatic pedicle, in the liver and lung, using histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. In total, 39 Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group (C n = 3) and ischemia groups subjected to 10, 20, and 30 minutes of hepatic pedicle clamping (I10, n = 12; I20, n = 12; I30, n = 12). Each ischemia group was subdivided into four subgroups of reperfusion (R15, n = 3; R30, n = 3; R60, n = 3; R120, n = 3), after 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes of reperfusion, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the liver parenchyma (P < 0.05) between the values of microvesicles and hydropic degeneration at different times of ischemia and reperfusion. However, the values of vascular congestion, necrosis, and pyknotic nuclei showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). In the lung parenchyma, a significant difference was observed (P < 0.05) between the values of alveolar septal wall thickening and inflammatory infiltration at different times of ischemia and reperfusion. However, there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) between the values of vascular congestion, bronchial epithelial degeneration, interstitial edema, and hemorrhage. The positive immunoreactivity of caspase-3 protein in the liver parenchyma (indication of ongoing apoptosis), showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) at different times of ischemia and reperfusion. In the pulmonary parenchyma, the immunoreactivity was not specific, and was not quantified. This study demonstrated that the longer the duration of ischemia and reperfusion, the greater are the morphological lesions found in the hepatic and pulmonary parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Henrique Freitas
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cuiaba, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata G. S. Dória
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rachel S. Bueno
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William B. Rocha
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cuiaba, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Jair R. E. Filho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Julieta R. E. Moraes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos E. Ambrósio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Vagus Nerve Attenuates Hepatocyte Apoptosis upon Ischemia-Reperfusion via α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor on Kupffer Cells in Mice. Anesthesiology 2017; 125:1005-1016. [PMID: 27560466 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) injury is a complication of liver surgery. As much as 50% of hepatocytes undergo apoptosis within the first 24 h of reperfusion. The neurotransmitters of the vagus nerve can activate α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on macrophages. The function of Kupffer cells (KCs) determines HIR injury. We hypothesize that the vagus nerve could attenuate HIR-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by activating α7nAChR on KCs. METHODS Hepatic vagotomized C57BL/6J mice, KC-eliminated C57BL/6J mice, and α7nAChR mice were used for HIR. Primary KCs and hepatocytes were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR). Liver injury, hepatocyte apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and soluble CD163 were measured. RESULTS Hepatic vagotomy and α7nAChR caused higher levels of alanine transaminase and liver caspase-3 and -8 activity by HIR. Activating α7nAChR attenuated these changes in wild-type but not in the α7nAChR mice. Furthermore, activating α7nAChR diminished hepatic injury and reduced liver apoptosis by HIR in vagotomized mice. In vitro, activating α7nAChR reduced apoptosis of hepatocytes cocultured with KCs that suffered HR. Similar to the effects by catalase, activating α7nAChR on KCs reduced ROS and H2O2 by HR. The supernatant from KCs, with α7nAChR activated or catalase treated, prevented hepatocyte apoptosis by HR. Finally, KC elimination reduced HIR-induced H2O2 production in mice. Activating α7nAChR significantly attenuated soluble CD163 both in mice by HIR (serum: 240 ± 34 vs. 446 ± 72; mean ± SD; n = 8; P < 0.01) and in KCs by HR (supernatant: 4.23 ± 0.06 vs. 5.60 ± 0.18; n = 3; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The vagus nerve could minimize HIR-induced liver apoptosis through activating α7nAChR on KCs possibly by preventing their excessive ROS production.
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Mohamed AK, Magdy M. Caspase 3 role and immunohistochemical expression in assessment of apoptosis as a feature of H1N1 vaccine-caused Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI). Electron Physician 2017; 9:4261-4273. [PMID: 28713494 PMCID: PMC5498687 DOI: 10.19082/4261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) changes, occur post exposure to natural or chemical compounds including apoptosis. Aim To assess the H1N1 vaccine-caused DILI by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Methods This 2014’s experimental study was conducted on 70 albino rats. They were given ArepanrixTM H1N1 vaccine and were divided into 7 groups; 10 mice each, as control (non-vaccinated), vac2 and vac4 injected with 1st and 2nd doses of vaccine (suspension only) and euthanized after 3 weeks each, vac5 euthanized 6 weeks after 2nd dose, mix2 and mix4 injected with 1st and 2nd doses of vaccine (mixture of suspension and adjuvant) and euthanized after 3 weeks each, mix5 and euthanized 6 weeks after 2nd dose. Histopathological evaluation and histochemical assessment of metabolic protein, glycogen and collagen changes using PAS, bromophenol blue, Mallory’s trichrome and immunohistochemistry for caspase 3 on liver tissue paraffin sections were done. Image analysis system Leica QIIN 500 was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Results Histopathological changes ranging from subtle up to necrosis were noticed, mainly in mix groups. Metabolic protein and glycogen changes were the maximum in mix5 group (p<0.01). Collagen deposition in sinusoids was higher in mix groups, and maximally in vac5 and mix5. Apoptotic hepatocytes expressing diffuse strong nuclear and cytoplasmic caspase 3 were the highest in mix5. Conclusion H1N1 vaccine can cause DILI by either direct toxic or idiosyncratic metabolic type reactions rather than immunologic hypersensitivity type. It ranges from subtle changes up to necrosis. Caspase 3 is pivotal in liver damage etiology, apoptosis induction and processing. Follow up for at least 2 months after the 2nd dose of H1N1 vaccine is recommended to rule out H1N1-induced DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Khalil Mohamed
- Ph.D. of Zoology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University. Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Magdy
- MD of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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29
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Han J, Liang H, Yi J, Tan W, He S, Wang S, Li F, Wu X, Ma J, Shi X, Guo X, Bai C. Long-Term Selenium-Deficient Diet Induces Liver Damage by Altering Hepatocyte Ultrastructure and MMP1/3 and TIMP1/3 Expression in Growing Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 175:396-404. [PMID: 27339256 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effects of selenium (Se)-deficient diet on the liver were evaluated by using growing rats which were fed with normal and Se-deficient diets, respectively, for 109 days. The results showed that rats fed with Se-deficient diet led to a decrease in Se concentration in the liver, particularly among male rats from the low-Se group. This causes alterations to the ultrastructure of hepatocytes with condensed chromatin and swelling mitochondria observed after low Se intake. Meanwhile, pathological changes and increased fibrosis in hepatic periportal were detected by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining in low-Se group. Furthermore, through immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, higher expressions of metalloproteinases (MMP1/3) and their tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP1/3) were observed in the hepatic periportal of rats from the low-Se group. However, higher expressions of MMP1/3 and lower expressions of TIMP1/3 were detected in hepatic central vein and hepatic sinusoid. In addition, upregulated expressions of MMP1/3 and downregulated expressions of TIMP1/3 at the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels also appeared to be relevant to low Se intake. In conclusion, Se-deficient diet could cause low Se concentration in the liver, alterations of hepatocyte ultrastructure, differential expressions of MMP1/3 and TIMP1/3 as well as fibrosis in the liver hepatic periportal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Yi
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhong Tan
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulan He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ma
- Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai, 811602, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Preventive Health Care, The first Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanyi Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China.
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30
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Matsui N, Yoshioka R, Nozawa A, Kobayashi N, Shichijo Y, Yoshikawa T, Akagi M. Caspase-Independent Apoptosis Induced by Reperfusion Following Ischemia without Bile Duct Occlusion in Rat Liver. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:104-107. [PMID: 28049941 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of caspases to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced apoptosis has not been completely understood yet. Several studies have demonstrated increased caspase activity during I/R and the protective effect of caspase inhibitors against I/R injuries. However, reports with opposing results also exist. Herein, we examined the contribution of caspases to the I/R-induced hepatic apoptosis in rats using caspase inhibitors and specific substrates of caspases. Hepatic I/R was induced via a 2-h occlusion of the portal vein and the hepatic artery, without conducting bile duct occlusion. DNA laddering and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells were increased at 3 h after reperfusion. Pretreatment with caspase inhibitors (Z-Asp-2,6-dichlorobenzoyloxymethylketone (Z-Asp-cmk) 2 or 10 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.), 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.), Z-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk) 3 mg/kg i.v.) failed to reduce apoptosis induced by I/R. Interestingly, apoptosis induced by the portal triad (hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct) occlusion/reperfusion could be marginally attenuated using Z-Asp-cmk (2 mg/kg i.v.). The cleavage activity for Ac-DEVD-α-(4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide) (MCA), a caspase-3/7/8/9 substrate, was significantly increased by I/R. Conversely, the cleavage activities for Ac-DNLD-MCA and MCA-VDQVDGW[K-DNP]-NH2, specific substrates for caspase-3 and -7 respectively, were decreased by I/R. Protein expression of the cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2), an endogenous caspase inhibitor, was increased by ischemia. Nuclear translocation of the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), an initiator protein of caspase-independent apoptosis, was also increased during I/R. These results suggest that caspases are inhibited by c-IAP2 induced during ischemia and that AIF may be involved in initiation of apoptosis induced by hepatic I/R without bile duct occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Matsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
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Kadono K, Uchida Y, Hirao H, Miyauchi T, Watanabe T, Iida T, Ueda S, Kanazawa A, Mori A, Okajima H, Terajima H, Uemoto S. Thrombomodulin Attenuates Inflammatory Damage Due to Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Mice in Toll-Like Receptor 4-Dependent Manner. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:69-80. [PMID: 27467205 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important problem in liver transplantation. Thrombomodulin (TM), an effective drug for disseminated intravascular coagulation, is also known to exhibit an anti-inflammatory effect through binding to the high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1) known as a proinflammatory mediator. We examined the effect of recombinant human TM (rTM) on a partial warm hepatic IRI model in wild-type (WT) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) KO mice focusing on the HMGB-1/TLR-4 axis. As in vitro experiments, peritoneal macrophages were stimulated with recombinant HMGB-1 protein. The rTM showed a protective effect on liver IRI. The rTM diminished the downstream signals of TLR-4 and also HMGB-1 expression in liver cells, as well as release of HMGB-1 from the liver. Interestingly, neither rTM treatment in vivo nor HMGB-1 treatment in vitro showed any effect on TLR-4 KO mice. Parallel in vitro studies have confirmed that rTM interfered with the interaction between HMGB-1 and TLR-4. Furthermore, the recombinant N-terminal lectin-like domain 1 (D1) subunit of TM (rTMD1) also ameliorated liver IRI to the same extent as whole rTM. Not only rTM but also rTMD1 might be a novel and useful medicine for liver transplantation. This is the first report clarifying that rTM ameliorates inflammation such as IRI in a TLR-4 pathway-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kadono
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Uchida
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Hirao
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Miyauchi
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Watanabe
- Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Iida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Kanazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Okajima
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Terajima
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Oncology, Kitano Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Polachi N, Bai G, Li T, Chu Y, Wang X, Li S, Gu N, Wu J, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Sun H, Liu C. Modulatory effects of silibinin in various cell signaling pathways against liver disorders and cancer – A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:577-595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ohana G, Cohen S, Rath-Wolfson L, Fishman P. A3 adenosine receptor agonist, CF102, protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury following partial hepatectomy. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4335-4341. [PMID: 27666664 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury during clinical hepatic procedures is characterized by inflammatory conditions and the apoptosis of hepatocytes. Nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB), nitric oxide and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‑α and interleukin‑1 were observed to increase following IR and mediate the inflammatory response in the liver. CF102 is a highly selective A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) agonist, and has been identified to induce an anti‑inflammatory and protective effect on the liver via the downregulation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway. The present study aimed to determine the effect of CF102 on protecting the liver against IR injury. The potential protective effect of CF102 (100 µg/kg) was assessed using an IR injury model on 70% of the liver of Wistar rats, which was induced by clamping the hepatic vasculature for 30 min. The regenerative effect of CF102 was assessed by the partial hepatectomy of 70% of the liver during 10 min of IR. CF102 reduced the levels of liver enzymes following IR injury. A higher regeneration rate in the CF102 treatment group was observed compared with the control group, suggesting that CF102 had a positive effect on the proliferation of hepatocytes following hepatectomy. CF102 had a protective effect on the liver of Wistar rats subsequent to IR injury during hepatectomy. This may be due to an anti‑inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic effect mediated by the A3AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Ohana
- Department of Surgery A/B, Rabin Medical Center, Campus Golda, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel‑Aviv University, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Shira Cohen
- Can‑Fite BioPharma, Ltd., Kiryat‑Matalon, Petah Tikva 49170, Israel
| | - Lea Rath-Wolfson
- Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center, Campus Golda, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel‑Aviv University, Petah Tikva 49100, Israel
| | - Pnina Fishman
- Can‑Fite BioPharma, Ltd., Kiryat‑Matalon, Petah Tikva 49170, Israel
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Tanoi T, Tamura T, Sano N, Nakayama K, Fukunaga K, Zheng YW, Akhter A, Sakurai Y, Hayashi Y, Harashima H, Ohkohchi N. Protecting liver sinusoidal endothelial cells suppresses apoptosis in acute liver damage. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:697-706. [PMID: 26490536 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Apoptosis is associated with various types of hepatic disorders. We have developed a novel cell-transfer drug delivery system (DDS) using a multifunctional envelope-type nano device that targets liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the novel DDS containing siRNA at suppressing apoptosis in LSECs. METHODS Bax siRNA was transfected into a sinusoidal endothelial cell line (M1) to suppress apoptosis induced by an anti-Fas antibody and staurosporine. C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: (i) a control group, only intravenous saline; (ii) a nonselective group, injections of siRNA sealed in the nonselective DDS; and (iii) an LSEC-transfer efficient group, injections of siRNA sealed in an LSEC-transfer efficient DDS. Hepatic cell apoptosis was induced by an anti-Fas antibody. RESULTS Bax siRNA had an anti-apoptotic effect on M1 cells. Serum alanine aminotransferase was reduced in the LSEC-transfer efficient group, as were cleaved caspase-3 and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling positive hepatocytes. Silver impregnation staining indicated that the sinusoidal space was maintained in the LSEC-transfer efficient group but not in the other groups. Electron microscopy showed that the LSECs were slightly impaired, although the sinusoidal structure was maintained in the LSEC-transfer efficient group. CONCLUSION Hepatocyte apoptosis was reduced by the efficient suppression of LSEC apoptosis with a novel DDS. Protecting the sinusoidal structure by suppressing LSEC damage will be an effective treatment for acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Tanoi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tamura
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Sano
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ken Nakayama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Fukunaga
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Afsana Akhter
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Sakurai
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory of Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Kang C, Cho W, Park M, Kim J, Park S, Shin D, Song C, Lee D. H2O2-triggered bubble generating antioxidant polymeric nanoparticles as ischemia/reperfusion targeted nanotheranostics. Biomaterials 2016; 85:195-203. [PMID: 26874282 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) leads to oxidative stress, causing inflammation and cellular damages and death. H2O2 is one of the most stable and abundant ROS and H2O2-mediated oxidative stress is considered as a key mediator of cellular and tissue damages during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, H2O2 could hold tremendous potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for oxidative stress-associated inflammatory conditions such as I/R injury. Here, we report a novel nanotheranostic agent that can express ultrasound imaging and simultaneous therapeutic effects for hepatic I/R treatment, which is based on H2O2-triggered CO2-generating antioxidant poly(vanillin oxalate) (PVO). PVO nanoparticles generate CO2 through H2O2-triggered oxidation of peroxalate esters and release vanillin, which exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. PVO nanoparticles intravenously administrated remarkably enhanced the ultrasound signal in the site of hepatic I/R injury and also effectively suppressed the liver damages by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. To our best understanding, H2O2-responsive PVO is the first platform which generates bubbles to serve as ultrasound contrast agents and also exerts therapeutic activities. We therefore anticipate that H2O2-triggered bubble-generating antioxidant PVO nanoparticles have great potential for ultrasound imaging and therapy of H2O2-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsun Kang
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Cho
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyung Park
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsub Kim
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Park
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Shin
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulgyu Song
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea; Department of Polymer⋅Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Baekjedaero 567, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Lee D, Park S, Bae S, Jeong D, Park M, Kang C, Yoo W, Samad MA, Ke Q, Khang G, Kang PM. Hydrogen peroxide-activatable antioxidant prodrug as a targeted therapeutic agent for ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16592. [PMID: 26563741 PMCID: PMC4643254 DOI: 10.1038/srep16592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) causes oxidative stress and is the main culprit in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Suppression of oxidative stress is therefore critical in the treatment of I/R injury. Here, we report H2O2-activatable antioxidant prodrug (BRAP) that is capable of specifically targeting the site of oxidative stress and exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. BRAP with a self-immolative boronic ester protecting group was designed to scavenge H2O2 and release HBA (p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. BRAP exerted potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and H2O2-stimulated cells by suppressing the generation of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In mouse models of hepatic I/R and cardiac I/R, BRAP exerted potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities due to the synergistic effects of H2O2-scavenging boronic esters and therapeutic HBA. In addition, administration of high doses of BRAP daily for 7 days showed no renal or hepatic function abnormalities. Therefore BRAP has tremendous therapeutic potential as H2O2-activatable antioxidant prodrug for the treatment of I/R injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Lee
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea.,Polymer Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer·Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggyu Park
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochan Bae
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Dahee Jeong
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyung Park
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsun Kang
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Yoo
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed A Samad
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea.,Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Qingen Ke
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Gilson Khang
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea.,Polymer Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer·Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter M Kang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
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Nowatari T, Murata S, Nakayama K, Sano N, Maruyama T, Nozaki R, Ikeda N, Fukunaga K, Ohkohchi N. Sphingosine 1-phosphate has anti-apoptotic effect on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and proliferative effect on hepatocytes in a paracrine manner in human. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:1136-45. [PMID: 25371278 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite released from erythrocytes and platelets, and is a potent stimulus for endothelial cell proliferation. However, the role of S1P on human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) remains unclear. The proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis in LSEC are involved in the promotion of liver regeneration and the suppression of liver injury after liver resection and transplantation. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of S1P on human LSEC and the interaction between S1P and LSEC in hepatocyte proliferation in vitro. METHODS Immortalized human LSEC were used. LSEC were cultured with S1P, and the cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, signal transductions and production of cytokines and growth factors were subsequently examined. To investigate the interaction between S1P and LSEC in hepatocyte proliferation, primary human hepatocytes were cultured with the supernatants of LSEC with and without S1P. DNA synthesis and signal transductions in hepatocytes were examined. RESULTS S1P induced LSEC proliferation through activation of Akt and extracellular signal-related kinase pathways and suppressed LSEC apoptosis by affecting the expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3. S1P promoted interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in LSEC. The supernatants of LSEC cultured with S1P enhanced hepatocyte DNA synthesis more strongly than the supernatants of LSEC cultured without S1P through activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 pathway. CONCLUSION S1P has proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects and promotes the production of IL-6 and VEGF in human LSEC, thereby promoting hepatocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nowatari
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Soichiro Murata
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ken Nakayama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Sano
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takehito Maruyama
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Reiji Nozaki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoya Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Fukunaga
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ulger BV, Erbis H, Turkcu G, Ekinci A, Turkoglu MA, Ekinci C, Yilmaz VT, Bac B. Nebivolol Ameliorates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury on Liver But Not on Distant Organs. J INVEST SURG 2015; 28:245-52. [PMID: 26305470 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1031923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury may occur after large tumor resection and liver transplantation procedures. Nitric oxide was shown to have protective effects on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Nebivolol is a compound that has been reported to improve nitric oxide release. We evaluated the effects of nebivolol in a rat liver ischemia/reperfusion model. METHODS A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each). Group I underwent only laparotomy, Group II was administered nebivolol and then underwent laparotomy, Group III underwent laparotomy and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, and Group IV was administered nebivolol and then underwent laparotomy and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Serum AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels, and TAS and TOS levels of liver, lung, and kidney tissues were determined. Histopathological determination was also performed. RESULTS Nebivolol significantly reduced liver function tests in group IV, but it did not improve renal functions. Oxidative stress and abnormal histopathological findings were found to be reduced in liver tissue in group IV. Although the oxidative stress was increased after hepatic ischemia/reperfusion, nebivolol could not reduce the oxidative stress in kidney tissue. There were no significant differences between group III and group IV in terms of the histopathological changes in kidney tissue. There were no significant differences in lung tissue between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that nebivolol has protective effects on liver but not on distant organs in a hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury model. These experimental findings indicate that nebivolol may be useful in the treatment of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Veli Ulger
- a Department of General Surgery, Dicle University Medical Faculty , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Halil Erbis
- b Department of General Surgery, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Gul Turkcu
- c Department of Pathology, Dicle University Medical Faculty , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Aysun Ekinci
- d Department of Biochemistry, Dicle University Medical Faculty , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Turkoglu
- b Department of General Surgery, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Cenap Ekinci
- e Department of Histology, Dicle University Medical Faculty , Diyarbakır , Turkey
| | - Vural Taner Yilmaz
- f Department of Internal Medicine, Akdeniz University Medical Faculty , Antalya , Turkey
| | - Bilsel Bac
- a Department of General Surgery, Dicle University Medical Faculty , Diyarbakır , Turkey
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Kaplan ZS, Zarpellon A, Alwis I, Yuan Y, McFadyen J, Ghasemzadeh M, Schoenwaelder SM, Ruggeri ZM, Jackson SP. Thrombin-dependent intravascular leukocyte trafficking regulated by fibrin and the platelet receptors GPIb and PAR4. Nat Commun 2015. [PMID: 26204458 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin is a central regulator of leukocyte recruitment and inflammation at sites of vascular injury, a function thought to involve primarily endothelial PAR cleavage. Here we demonstrate the existence of a distinct leukocyte-trafficking mechanism regulated by components of the haemostatic system, including platelet PAR4, GPIbα and fibrin. Utilizing a mouse endothelial injury model we show that thrombin cleavage of platelet PAR4 promotes leukocyte recruitment to sites of vascular injury. This process is negatively regulated by GPIbα, as seen in mice with abrogated thrombin-platelet GPIbα binding (hGPIbα(D277N)). In addition, we demonstrate that fibrin limits leukocyte trafficking by forming a physical barrier to intravascular leukocyte migration. These studies demonstrate a distinct 'checkpoint' mechanism of leukocyte trafficking involving balanced thrombin interactions with PAR4, GPIbα and fibrin. Dysregulation of this checkpoint mechanism is likely to contribute to the development of thromboinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane S Kaplan
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Alessandro Zarpellon
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Imala Alwis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Heart Research Institute &Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Yuping Yuan
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - James McFadyen
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Mehran Ghasemzadeh
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simone M Schoenwaelder
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Heart Research Institute &Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Zaverio M Ruggeri
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Shaun P Jackson
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.,Heart Research Institute &Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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40
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Shahbazi N, Haeri H, Nasiri Toosi M, Jafarian A, Shahsiah R, Talebian Moghadam M, Poursaleh SS, Azmoudeh-Ardalan F. Correlation of Histopathologic Findings of Non-Graft Threatening Preservation/Reperfusion Injury in Time-Zero Liver Needle Biopsies With Short-Term Post-transplantation Laboratory Alterations. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2015; 15:e30008. [PMID: 26288638 PMCID: PMC4532786 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.30008v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early post-transplantation alterations in liver tests are caused by a variety of etiologies including rejection, biliary or vascular complications, and preservation/reperfusion injury (PRI). OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to show the correlation between histopathologic changes of PRI and the alterations in liver tests in the early post-transplantation period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between April 2013 and August 2014, histopathologic findings of protocol, time-zero, Tru-Cut, liver needle biopsies were evaluated in 94 cases of cadaveric liver transplantation. The histopathologic changes included ballooning degeneration, micro- and macro-vesicular steatosis, bilirubinostasis, apoptotic cells, bile plugs and neutrophilic infiltration. These histopathologic changes were compared with the early (15 days) post-transplantation liver laboratory findings. RESULTS Clinico-pathologic evaluation of all 94 cases was done by assessment of PRI findings in time-zero biopsies and possible causes of allograft injury were appraised. In 21 patients, a specific cause for allograft injury was found including rejection and/or surgical complications. In the remaining 73 cases, there was no specific cause for allograft injury and histopathologic findings of time-zero liver needle biopsies supported PRI. We classified liver laboratory tests alterations as: hepatocellular damage (elevation of transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase), cholestatic damage (elevation of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin) and mixed. Hepatocellular and cholestatic alterations in liver function tests were associated with the presence of marked apoptotic bodies and neutrophilic aggregates in time zero biopsies, respectively. On the other hand, macrovesicular steatosis was dominantly associated with mixed (hepatocellular and cholestatic) laboratory alterations of liver tests. CONCLUSIONS Any discrepancy between histopathologic changes in time-zero biopsies and pattern of early liver laboratory alterations may be considered as a warning for causes other than PRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Shahbazi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Hayedeh Haeri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Nasiri Toosi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ali Jafarian
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Division, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Shahsiah
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Sedigheh S. Poursaleh
- Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Farid Azmoudeh-Ardalan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Liver Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Farid Azmoudeh-Ardalan, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 14197-33141, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9121055232, Fax: +98-2188953010, E-mail:
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Li J, Wang F, Xia Y, Dai W, Chen K, Li S, Liu T, Zheng Y, Wang J, Lu W, Zhou Y, Yin Q, Lu J, Zhou Y, Guo C. Astaxanthin Pretreatment Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy via the ROS/MAPK Pathway in Mice. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3368-87. [PMID: 26023842 PMCID: PMC4483634 DOI: 10.3390/md13063368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (IR) is an important issue in complex liver resection and liver transplantation. The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effect of astaxanthin (ASX), an antioxidant, on hepatic IR injury via the reactive oxygen species/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ROS/MAPK) pathway. Methods: Mice were randomized into a sham, IR, ASX or IR + ASX group. The mice received ASX at different doses (30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg) for 14 days. Serum and tissue samples at 2 h, 8 h and 24 h after abdominal surgery were collected to assess alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), inflammation factors, ROS, and key proteins in the MAPK family. Results: ASX reduced the release of ROS and cytokines leading to inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy via down-regulation of the activated phosphorylation of related proteins in the MAPK family, such as P38 MAPK, JNK and ERK in this model of hepatic IR injury. Conclusion: Apoptosis and autophagy caused by hepatic IR injury were inhibited by ASX following a reduction in the release of ROS and inflammatory cytokines, and the relationship between the two may be associated with the inactivation of the MAPK family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yujing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Weiqi Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Kan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Sainan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Jianrong Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Wenxia Lu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Qin Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Yang Y, Yang J, Jiang Q. The protective effect of huperzine A against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:1573-7. [PMID: 24935330 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HI/R) injury is regarded as a serious concern in clinical practices. Huperzine A (HupA) is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese folk medicine huperzia serrate, which has possessed diverse pharmacological actions. METHODS A mouse model of HI/R was caused by clamping the hepatic artery, the hepatoportal vein, and the bile duct with a vascular clamp for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 6 hours under anesthesia. The sham group experienced the identical procedure without hepatic ischemia. The HupA group received an injection into the tail vein 5 minutes prior to HI/R at the doses of 167 and 500 μg/kg. The vehicle group was injected with physiological saline instead of HupA. The liver function was assessed by determinations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. Tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondiadehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were also measured spectrophotometrically. In addition, the activities of hepatic inflammatory mediators such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 were also measured. Furthermore, the apoptotic damage was evaluated by measuring caspase-3 activity in hepatic tissues. RESULTS Treatment with HupA in mice at the doses of 167 and 500 μg/kg remarkably reduced serum ALT and AST activities in HupA-treated ischemic mice. Furthermore, HupA treatment could enhance the activities of hepatic tissue SOD, CAT, and GSH but decrease MDA tissue content. The activities of inflammatory cytokines including NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were all decreased in ischemic mice treated with HupA. Colorimetric test results illustrated that a marked reduction of caspase-3 activity was found in the HupA-treated group compared with the vehicle group. CONCLUSION Our present data suggest that HupA has a protective role against HI/R injury of mice and antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic actions are involved in its protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - J Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Q Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Khan OF, Zaia EW, Yin H, Bogorad RL, Pelet JM, Webber MJ, Zhuang I, Dahlman JE, Langer R, Anderson DG. Ionizable amphiphilic dendrimer-based nanomaterials with alkyl-chain-substituted amines for tunable siRNA delivery to the liver endothelium in vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:14397-401. [PMID: 25354018 PMCID: PMC4785599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A library of dendrimers was synthesized and optimized for targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery to different cell subpopulations within the liver. Using a combinatorial approach, a library of these nanoparticle-forming materials was produced wherein the free amines on multigenerational poly(amido amine) and poly(propylenimine) dendrimers were substituted with alkyl chains of increasing length, and evaluated for their ability to deliver siRNA to liver cell subpopulations. Interestingly, two lead delivery materials could be formulated in a manner to alter their tissue tropism within the liver-with formulations from the same material capable of preferentially delivering siRNA to 1) endothelial cells, 2) endothelial cells and hepatocytes, or 3) endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and tumor cells in vivo. The ability to broaden or narrow the cellular destination of siRNA within the liver may provide a useful tool to address a range of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar F. Khan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Edmond W. Zaia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hao Yin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Roman L. Bogorad
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeisa M. Pelet
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Iris Zhuang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - James E. Dahlman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Institute for Medical, Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, and Institute for Medical, Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Yang M, Antoine DJ, Weemhoff JL, Jenkins RE, Farhood A, Park BK, Jaeschke H. Biomarkers distinguish apoptotic and necrotic cell death during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Liver Transpl 2014; 20:1372-82. [PMID: 25046819 PMCID: PMC4213307 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IRP) injury is a significant clinical problem during tumor-resection surgery (Pringle maneuver) and liver transplantation. However, the relative contribution of necrotic and apoptotic cell death to the overall liver injury is still controversial. To address this important issue with a standard murine model of hepatic IRP injury, plasma biomarkers of necrotic cell death such as micro-RNA 122, full-length cytokeratin 18 (FK18), and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and plasma biomarkers of apoptosis such as plasma caspase-3 activity and caspase-cleaved fragment of cytokeratin 18 (CK18) coupled with markers of inflammation (hyperacetylated HMGB1) were compared by histological features in hematoxylin and eosin-stained and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-stained liver sections. After 45 minutes of hepatic ischemia and 1 to 24 hours of reperfusion, all necrosis markers increased dramatically in plasma by 40- to >10,000-fold over the baseline with a time course similar to that of alanine aminotransferase. These data correlated well with histological characteristics of necrosis. Within the area of necrosis, most cells were TUNEL positive; initially (≤3 hours of reperfusion), the staining was restricted to nuclei, but it later spread to the cytosol, and this is characteristic of karyorrhexis during necrotic cell death. In contrast, the lack of morphological evidence of apoptotic cell death and relevant caspase-3 activity in the postischemic liver correlated well with the absence of caspase-3 activity and CK18 (except for a minor increase at 3 hours of reperfusion) in plasma. A quantitative comparison of FK18 (necrosis) and CK18 (apoptosis) release indicated dominant cell death by necrosis during IRP and only a temporary and very minor degree of apoptosis. These data suggest that the focus of future research should be the elucidation of necrotic signaling mechanisms to identify relevant targets, which may be used to attenuate hepatic IRP injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Daniel J. Antoine
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - James L. Weemhoff
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Rosalind E. Jenkins
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anwar Farhood
- Department of Pathology, St. David’s North Austin Medical Center, Austin, TX 78756, USA
| | - B. Kevin Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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45
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Khan OF, Zaia EW, Yin H, Bogorad RL, Pelet JM, Webber MJ, Zhuang I, Dahlman JE, Langer R, Anderson DG. Ionizable Amphiphilic Dendrimer-Based Nanomaterials with Alkyl-Chain-Substituted Amines for Tunable siRNA Delivery to the Liver Endothelium In Vivo. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Suo L, Kang K, Wang X, Cao Y, Zhao H, Sun X, Tong L, Zhang F. Carvacrol alleviates ischemia reperfusion injury by regulating the PI3K-Akt pathway in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104043. [PMID: 25083879 PMCID: PMC4118998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathophysiological process in many clinical settings. Carvacrol, a food additive commonly used in essential oils, has displayed antimicrobials, antitumor and antidepressant-like activities. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of carvacrol on I/R injury in the Wistar rat livers and an in vitro hypoxia/restoration (H/R) model. Methods The hepatoportal vein, hepatic arterial and hepatic duct of Wistar rats were isolated and clamped for 30 min, followed by a 2 h reperfusion. Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells were incubated under hypoxia for 4 h, followed normoxic conditions for 10 h to establish the H/R model in vitro. Liver injury was evaluated by measuring serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspatate aminotransferase (AST), and hepatic levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malondiadehyde (MDA), and hepatic histology and TUNEL staining. MTT assay, flow cytometric analysis and Hoechst 33258 staining were used to evaluate the proliferation and apoptosis of BRL cells in vitro. Protein expression was examined by Western Blot analysis. Results Carvacrol protected against I/R-induced liver damage, evidenced by significantly reducing the serum levels of ALT and AST, histological alterations and apoptosis of liver cells in I/R rats. Carvacrol exhibited anti-oxidative activity in the I/R rats, reflected by significantly reducing the activity of SOD and the content of MDA, and restoring the activity of CAT and the content of GSH, in I/R rats. In the in vitro assays, carvacrol restored the viability and inhibited the apoptosis of BRL cells, which were subjected to a mimic I/R injury induced by hypoxia. In the investigation on molecular mechanisms, carvacrol downregulated the expression of Bax and upregulated the expression of Bcl-2, thus inhibited the activation of caspase-3. Carvacrol was also shown to enhance the phosphorylation of Akt. Conclusion The results suggest that carvacrol could alleviate I/R-induced liver injury by its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities, and warrant a further investigation for using carvacrol to protect I/R injury in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Suo
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Daqing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xueying Sun
- The Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liquan Tong
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (LT); (FZ)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
- * E-mail: (LT); (FZ)
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Sildenafil attenuates hepatocellular injury after liver ischemia reperfusion in rats: a preliminary study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:161942. [PMID: 24999378 PMCID: PMC4066851 DOI: 10.1155/2014/161942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the role of sildenafil in a rat liver ischemia-reperfusion model. Forty male rats were randomly allocated in four groups. The sham group underwent midline laparotomy only. In the sildenafil group, sildenafil was administered intraperitoneally 60 minutes before sham laparotomy. In the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, rats were subjected to 45 minutes of hepatic ischemia followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion, while in the sild+I/R group rats were subjected to a similar pattern of I/R after the administration of sildenafil, 60 minutes before ischemia. Two hours after reperfusion, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured and histopathological examination of the lobes subjected to ischemia as well as TUNEL staining for apoptotic bodies was performed. Additionally, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were analyzed. Serum markers of hepatocellular injury were significantly lower in the sild+I/R group, which also exhibited lower severity of histopathological lesions and fewer apoptotic bodies, as compared to the I/R group. The I/R group showed significantly higher MPO activity and higher expression of ICAM-1, as compared to the sild+I/R group. Use of sildenafil as a preconditioning agent in a rat model of liver I/R exerted a protective effect.
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Liu Z, Wang W, Jin B, Li G, Du G, Zhang Z, Han L, Huang G, Tang Z. Protection Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Aged Liver Donor by the Induction of Exogenous Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:1567-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Xu Z, Wang Y. Huperzine A attenuates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic pathways. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:701-6. [PMID: 24888717 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HI/R) injury may occur during liver transplantation and remains a serious concern in clinical practice. Huperzine A (HupA), an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese traditional medicine Huperzia serrata, has been demonstrated to possess anti‑oxidative and anti‑apoptotic properties. In the present study, a rat model of HI/R was established by clamping the hepatic artery, the hepatoportal vein and the bile duct with a vascular clamp for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 6 h under anesthesia. HupA was injected into the tail vein 5 min prior to the induction of HI/R at doses of 167 and 500 µg/kg. The histopathological assessment of the liver was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assayed in the serum samples. The tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondiadehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were also measured spectrophotometrically. Furthermore, the protein expression of caspase‑3, Bcl‑2 and Bax in hepatic tissues was detected via western blot analysis. Treatment of Wistar rats with HupA at doses of 167 and 500 µg/kg markedly attenuated HI/R injury as observed histologically. In addition, the significant reductions of serum ALT and AST were observed in HupA‑treated ischemic rats. Furthermore, HupA treatment enhanced the activity of hepatic tissue SOD, CAT and GSH, but decreased the MDA tissue content. Western blot analysis revealed elevated levels of Bcl‑2 expression but decreased Bax and caspase‑3 tissue expression at the protein level in the HupA‑treated group. The present data suggest that HupA attenuates the HI/R injury of rats through its anti‑oxidative and anti‑apoptotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Maanshan Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Maanshan, Anhui 243011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Maanshan Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Maanshan, Anhui 243011, P.R. China
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Tolba RH, Fet N, Yonezawa K, Taura K, Nakajima A, Hata K, Okamura Y, Uchinami H, Klinge U, Minor T, Yamaoka Y, Yamamoto Y. Role of preferential cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition by meloxicam in ischemia/reperfusion injury of the rat liver. Eur Surg Res 2014; 53:11-24. [PMID: 24854565 DOI: 10.1159/000362411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the major clinical problems in liver and transplant surgery. Livers subjected to warm ischemia in vivo often show a severe dysfunction and the release of numerous inflammatory cytokines and arachidonic acid metabolites. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is the inducible isoform of an intracellular enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of COX-2 inhibition and the role of Kupffer cells in IRI of the liver. METHODS Male Wistar rats [250- 280 g body weight (BW)] were anesthetized and subjected to 30-min warm ischemia of the liver (Pringle's maneuver) and 60-min reperfusion after median laparotomy. The I/R group received no additional treatment. In the COX-2 inhibitor (COX-2I) group, the animals received 1 mg/kg BW meloxicam prior to operation. Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) (10 mg/kg BW) was given 24 h prior to operation in the GdCl3 and GdCl3 + COX-2I groups for the selective depletion of Kupffer cells. The GdCl3 + COX-2I group received both GdCl3 and meloxicam treatment prior to operation. Blood and liver samples were obtained at the end of the experiments for further investigations. RESULTS After 30 min of warm ischemia in vivo, severe hepatocellular damage was observed in the I/R group. These impairments could be significantly prevented by the selective COX-2 inhibition and the depletion of Kupffer cells. Alanine aminotransferase was significantly reduced upon meloxicam and GdCl3 treatment compared to the I/R group: I/R, 3,240 ± 1,262 U/l versus COX-2I, 973 ± 649 U/l, p < 0.001; I/R versus GdCl3, 1,611 ± 600 U/l, p < 0.05, and I/R versus GdCl3 + COX-2I, 1,511 ± 575 U/l, p < 0.01. Plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were significantly reduced in the COX-2I treatment group compared to I/R (3.5 ± 1.5 vs. 16.3 ± 11.7 pg/ml, respectively; p < 0.05). Similarly, the amount of TxB2, a marker for COX-2 metabolism, was significantly reduced in the meloxicam treatment groups compared to the I/R group: I/R, 22,500 ± 5,210 pg/ml versus COX-2I, 1,822 ± 938 pg/ml, p < 0.001, and I/R versus GdCl3 + COX-2I, 1,530 ± 907 pg/ml, p < 0.001. All values are given as mean ± SD (n = 6). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the inhibition of COX-2 suppressed the initiation of an inflammatory cascade by attenuating the release of TNF-α, which is an initiator of the inflammatory reaction in hepatic IRI. Therefore, we conclude that preferential inhibition of COX-2 is a possible therapeutic approach against warm IRI of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- René H Tolba
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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