1
|
Xu T, Fu H, Zhao W, Shan S. Far-infrared radiation alleviates steatohepatitis and fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19292. [PMID: 39164313 PMCID: PMC11336198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a disease that causes an abnormal accumulation of fat in the liver, triggering inflammation and fibrosis, the mechanism of which is not fully understood and for which there is a lack of specific drug therapy. Far-infrared radiation (FIR) has demonstrated evident therapeutic efficacy across various diseases, and novel nanomaterial graphene patches can emit it through electric heating. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of FIR against MAFLD. Mice were fed with a MCD diet to mimic MAFLD progression, and histopathology analysis, biochemical analysis, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting analysis were performed to assess the effect of FIR on MAFLD in vivo. The effect of FIR treatment on MAFLD in vitro was investigated by biochemical analysis and gene expression profiling of hepatocytes. Mice subjected to the MCD diet and treated with FIR exhibited reduced hepatic lipid deposition, inflammation, fibrosis and liver damage. The therapeutic effect exerted by FIR in mice may be caused by the enhancement of AMPK phosphorylation and inhibition of the TGFβ1-SMAD2/3 pathway. Besides, FIR intervention alleviated MAFLD in hepatocytes in vitro and the results were verified by gene expression profiling. Our results revealed a promising potential of FIR as a novel therapeutic approach for MAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Haijing Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Wumei Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Shijun Shan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
- Chen Hongduo Academician Workstation, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China.
- Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Miao XY, Zhang JS, Wei DD, Dong HJ, Xue R, Li JC, Zhang Y, Feng XX, Li J, Zhang YZ. Far-infrared therapy promotes exercise capacity and glucose metabolism in mice by modulating microbiota homeostasis and activating AMPK. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16314. [PMID: 39009692 PMCID: PMC11251280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefits of physical exercise on human health make it desirable to identify new approaches that would mimic or potentiate the effects of exercise to treat metabolic diseases. However, whether far-infrared (FIR) hyperthermia therapy could be used as exercise mimetic to realize wide-ranging metabolic regulation, and its underling mechanisms remain unclear. Here, a specific far-infrared (FIR) rays generated from graphene-based hyperthermia devices might promote exercise capacity and metabolisms. The material characterization showed that the graphene synthesized by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) was different from carbon fiber, with single-layer structure and high electrothermal transform efficiency. The emission spectra generated by graphene-FIR device would maximize matching those adsorbed by tissues. Graphene-FIR enhanced both core and epidermal temperatures, leading to increased blood flow in the femoral muscle and the abdominal region. The combination of microbiomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that graphene-FIR modulates the metabolism of the gut-muscle axis. This modulation was characterized by an increased abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing bacteria and AMP, while lactic acid levels decreased. Furthermore, the principal routes involved in glucose metabolism, such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, were found to be altered. Graphene-FIR managed to stimulate AMPK activity by activating GPR43, thus enhancing muscle glucose uptake. Furthermore, a microbiota disorder model also demonstrated that the graphene-FIR effectively restore the exercise endurance with enhanced p-AMPK and GLUT4. Our results provided convincing evidence that graphene-based FIR therapy promoted exercise capacity and glucose metabolism via AMPK in gut-muscle axis. These novel findings regarding the therapeutic effects of graphene-FIR suggested its potential utility as a mimetic agent in clinical management of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yao Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Shui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Jin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Cao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Feng
- Grahope New Materials Technologies Inc., Shenzhen, 518063, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - You-Zhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gurhan H, Barnes F. Impact of weak radiofrequency and static magnetic fields on key signaling molecules, intracellular pH, membrane potential, and cell growth in HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14223. [PMID: 37648766 PMCID: PMC10469173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are substantial concerns that extended exposures to weak radiofrequency (RF) fields can lead to adverse health effects. In this study, HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells were simultaneously exposed to a static magnetic flux density between 10 [Formula: see text] and 300 [Formula: see text] and RF magnetic fields with amplitudes ranging from 1 nT to 1.5 μT in the frequency range from 1.8 to 7.2 MHz for four days. Cell growth rates, intracellular pH, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, membrane potential and mitochondrial calcium were measured. Results were dependent on carrier frequency and the magnitude of the RF magnetic field, modulation frequencies and the background static magnetic field (SMF). Iron sulphur (Fe-S) clusters are essential for the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). We believe the observed changes are associated with hyperfine couplings between the chemically active electrons and nuclear spins. Controlling external magnetic fields may have important clinical implications on aging, cancer, arthritis, and Alzheimer's.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakki Gurhan
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 425 UCB #1B55, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Frank Barnes
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 425 UCB #1B55, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Canovi A, Orlacchio R, Poulletier de Gannes F, Lévêque P, Arnaud-Cormos D, Lagroye I, Garenne A, Percherancier Y, Lewis N. In vitro exposure of neuronal networks to the 5G-3.5 GHz signal. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1231360. [PMID: 37608978 PMCID: PMC10441122 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1231360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The current deployment of the fifth generation (5G) of wireless communications raises new questions about the potential health effects of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields. So far, most of the established biological effects of RF have been known to be caused by heating. We previously reported inhibition of the spontaneous electrical activity of neuronal networks in vitro when exposed to 1.8 GHz signals at specific absorption rates (SAR) well above the guidelines. The present study aimed to assess the effects of RF fields at 3.5 GHz, one of the frequencies related to 5G, on neuronal activity in-vitro. Potential differences in the effects elicited by continuous-wave (CW) and 5G-modulated signals were also investigated. Methods Spontaneous activity of neuronal cultures from embryonic cortices was recorded using 60-electrode multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) between 17 and 27 days in vitro. The neuronal cultures were subjected to 15 min RF exposures at SAR of 1, 3, and 28 W/kg. Results At SAR close to the guidelines (1 and 3 W/kg), we found no conclusive evidence that 3.5 GHz RF exposure impacts the activity of neurons in vitro. On the contrary, CW and 5G-modulated signals elicited a clear decrease in bursting and total firing rates during RF exposure at high SAR levels (28 W/kg). Our experimental findings extend our previous results, showing that RF, at 1.8 to 3.5 GHz, inhibits the electrical activity of neurons in vitro at levels above environmental standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Canovi
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France
| | - Rosa Orlacchio
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France
- Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Delia Arnaud-Cormos
- Univ. Limoges, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, Limoges, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lagroye
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France
- Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Paris, France
| | - André Garenne
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France
| | | | - Noëlle Lewis
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, IMS, UMR 5218, Talence, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gurhan H, Bajtoš M, Barnes F. Weak Radiofrequency Field Effects on Chemical Parameters That Characterize Oxidative Stress in Human Fibrosarcoma and Fibroblast Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1112. [PMID: 37509147 PMCID: PMC10377549 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, evidence has surfaced that weak radiofrequency (RF) fields can influence biological systems. This work aims to improve our understanding of how externally applied weak RF fields alter concentrations of chemical parameters that characterize oxidative stress. We conducted a series of experiments to investigate the effects of applying weak RF magnetic fields within the 3-5 MHz region on mitochondrial respiration in both human fibrosarcoma and fibroblast cells over a period of four days. Our experimental data show that RF fields between 3 and 5 MHz were able to change the modulation of mitochondrial signaling by changing the cell growth, mitochondrial mass, and oxidative stress. Exposure to RF fields at 4.2 MHz significantly increased the mitochondrial mass and oxidative stress in fibrosarcoma cells. There are substantial concerns that extended exposure to weak RF fields can lead to health effects. The ability to control these parameters by external magnetic fields may have important clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakki Gurhan
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr 425 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Marek Bajtoš
- Department of Electromagnetic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
| | - Frank Barnes
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 1111 Engineering Dr 425 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fann LY, Cheng CC, Chien YC, Hsu CW, Chien WC, Huang YC, Chung RJ, Huang SH, Jiang YH, Yin SH, Cheng KW, Wu YP, Hsiao SH, Hsu SY, Huang YC, Chu CM. Effect of far-infrared radiation on inhibition of colonies on packaging during storage of sterilised surgical instruments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8490. [PMID: 37231027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The sterilisation of surgical instruments is a major factor in infection control in the operating room (OR). All items used in the OR must be sterile for patient safety. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of far-infrared radiation (FIR) on the inhibition of colonies on packaging surface during the long-term storage of sterilised surgical instruments. From September 2021 to July 2022, 68.2% of 85 packages without FIR treatment showed microbial growth after incubation at 35 °C for 30 days and at room temperature for 5 days. A total of 34 bacterial species were identified, with the number of colonies increasing over time. In total, 130 colony-forming units were observed. The main microorganisms detected were Staphylococcus spp. (35%) and Bacillus spp. (21%) , Kocuria marina and Lactobacillus spp. (14%), and mould (5%). No colonies were found in 72 packages treated with FIR in the OR. Even after sterilisation, microbial growth can occur due to movement of the packages by staff, sweeping of floors, lack of high-efficiency particulate air filtration, high humidity, and inadequate hand hygiene. Thus, safe and simple far-infrared devices that allow continuous disinfection for storage spaces, as well as temperature and humidity control, help to reduce microorganisms in the OR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Fann
- Department of Nursing, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 10684, Taiwan
- Department of Nurse-Midwifery and Women Health, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, 11220, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Cheng
- Univeraity of Taipei, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 10341, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242062, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chen Chien
- Department of Inspection, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, 10629, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Hsu
- Department of Nursing, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 10684, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ching Huang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Hao Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hua Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 10684, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Yin
- Department of Nursing, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 10684, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Cheng
- Department of Nursing, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 10684, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Wu
- Department of Nursing, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, 10684, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huang Hsiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, 10629, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, 10629, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Che Huang
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, 10629, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ming Chu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yao C, Dong J, Ren K, Sun L, Wang H, Zhang J, Wang H, Xu X, Yao B, Zhou H, Zhao L, Peng R. Accumulative Effects of Multifrequency Microwave Exposure with 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz on the Structures and Functions of the Immune System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4988. [PMID: 36981897 PMCID: PMC10049199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microwave ablation can produce immune activation due to thermal effects. However, the nonthermal effects of microwaves on the immune system are still largely unexplored. In this study, we sequentially exposed rats to 1.5 GHz microwave for 6 min and 2.8 GHz microwave for 6 min at an average power density of 5, 10, and 30 mW/cm2. The structure of the thymus, spleen, and mesenteric lymph node were observed, and we showed that multifrequency microwave exposure caused tissue injuries, such as congestion and nuclear fragmentation in lymphocytes. Ultrastructural injuries, including mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial cristae rupture, and mitochondrial cavitation, were observed, especially in the 30 mW/cm2 microwave-exposed group. Generally, multifrequency microwaves decreased white blood cells, as well as lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, in peripheral blood, from 7 d to 28 d after exposure. Microwaves with an average density of 30 mW/cm2 produced much more significant inhibitory effects on immune cells. Moreover, multifrequency microwaves at 10 and 30 mW/cm2, but not 5 mW/cm2, reduced the serum levels of several cytokines, such as interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-1β, interferon γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), at 7 d and 14 d after exposure. We also found similar alterations in immunoglobulins (Igs), IgG, and IgM in serum. However, no obvious changes in complement proteins were detected. In conclusion, multifrequency microwave exposure of 1.5 GHz and 2.8 GHz caused both structural injuries of immune tissues and functional impairment in immune cells. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop an effective strategy to protect people from multifrequency microwave-induced immune suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Zhao
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (R.P.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Genotoxic Risks to Male Reproductive Health from Radiofrequency Radiation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040594. [PMID: 36831261 PMCID: PMC9954667 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During modern era, mobile phones, televisions, microwaves, radio, and wireless devices, etc., have become an integral part of our daily lifestyle. All these technologies employ radiofrequency (RF) waves and everyone is exposed to them, since they are widespread in the environment. The increasing risk of male infertility is a growing concern to the human population. Excessive and long-term exposure to non-ionizing radiation may cause genetic health effects on the male reproductive system which could be a primitive factor to induce cancer risk. With respect to the concerned aspect, many possible RFR induced genotoxic studies have been reported; however, reports are very contradictory and showed the possible effect on humans and animals. Thus, the present review is focusing on the genomic impact of the radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) underlying the male infertility issue. In this review, both in vitro and in vivo studies have been incorporated explaining the role of RFR on the male reproductive system. It includes RFR induced-DNA damage, micronuclei formation, chromosomal aberrations, SCE generation, etc. In addition, attention has also been paid to the ROS generation after radiofrequency radiation exposure showing a rise in oxidative stress, base adduct formation, sperm head DNA damage, or cross-linking problems between DNA & protein.
Collapse
|
9
|
Microwave Radiation and the Brain: Mechanisms, Current Status, and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169288. [PMID: 36012552 PMCID: PMC9409438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern humanity wades daily through various radiations, resulting in frequent exposure and causing potentially important biological effects. Among them, the brain is the organ most sensitive to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure. Despite numerous correlated studies, critical unknowns surround the different parameters used, including operational frequency, power density (i.e., energy dose), and irradiation time that could permit reproducibility and comparability between analyses. Furthermore, the interactions of EMR with biological systems and its precise mechanisms remain poorly characterized. In this review, recent approaches examining the effects of microwave radiations on the brain, specifically learning and memory capabilities, as well as the mechanisms of brain dysfunction with exposure as reported in the literature, are analyzed and interpreted to provide prospective views for future research directed at this important and novel medical technology for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies on brain degeneration caused by microwave radiation. Additionally, the interactions of microwaves with biological systems and possible mechanisms are presented in this review. Treatment with natural products and safe techniques to reduce harm to organs have become essential components of daily life, and some promising techniques to treat cancers and their radioprotective effects are summarized as well. This review can serve as a platform for researchers to understand the mechanism and interactions of microwave radiation with biological systems, the present scenario, and prospects for future studies on the effect of microwaves on the brain.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sannino A, Scarfì MR, Dufossée M, Romeo S, Poeta L, Prouzet-Mauléon V, Priault M, Zeni O. Inhibition of Autophagy Negates Radiofrequency-Induced Adaptive Response in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158414. [PMID: 35955556 PMCID: PMC9369083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, radiofrequency (RF) has demonstrated that it can reduce DNA damage induced by a subsequent treatment with chemical or physical agents in different cell types, resembling the adaptive response, a phenomenon well documented in radiobiology. Such an effect has also been reported by other authors both in vitro and in vivo, and plausible hypotheses have been formulated, spanning from the perturbation of the cell redox status, to DNA repair mechanisms, and stress response machinery, as possible cellular mechanisms activated by RF pre-exposure. These mechanisms may underpin the observed phenomenon, and require deeper investigations. The present study aimed to determine whether autophagy contributes to RF-induced adaptive response. To this purpose, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were exposed for 20 h to 1950 MHz, UMTS signal, and then treated with menadione. The results obtained indicated a reduction in menadione-induced DNA damage, assessed by applying the comet assay. Such a reduction was negated when autophagy was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 and E64d. Moreover, CRISPR SH-SY5Y cell lines defective for ATG7 or ATG5 genes did not show an adaptive response. These findings suggest the involvement of autophagy in the RF-induced adaptive response in human neuroblastoma cells; although, further investigation is required to extend such observation at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sannino
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Scarfì
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7620659
| | - Mélody Dufossée
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Stefania Romeo
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
| | - Loredana Poeta
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
| | - Valerie Prouzet-Mauléon
- Plateformecrisp’edit—TBMCore, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
- INSERM, US005, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS, UAR3427, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Priault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Olga Zeni
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), National Research Council, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; (A.S.); (S.R.); (L.P.); (O.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
D'Antuono R, Bowen JW. Towards super-resolved terahertz microscopy for cellular imaging. J Microsc 2022; 288:207-217. [PMID: 35792534 PMCID: PMC10084438 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical imaging includes the use of a variety of techniques to study organs and tissues. Some of the possible imaging modalities are more spread at clinical level (CT, MRI, PET), while others, such as light and electron microscopy are preferred in life sciences research. The choice of the imaging modalities can be based on the capability to study functional aspects of an organism, the delivered radiation dose to the patient, and the achievable resolution. In the last few decades, spectroscopists and imaging scientists have been interested in the use of terahertz (THz) frequencies (30 μm to 3 mm wavelength) due to the low photon energy associated (E∼1 meV, not causing breaking of the molecular bonds but still interacting with some vibrational modes) and the high penetration depth that is achievable. THz has been already adopted in security, quality control and material sciences. However, the adoption of THz frequencies for biological and clinical imaging means to face, as a major limitation, the very scarce resolution associated with the use of such long wavelengths. To address this aspect and reconcile the benefit of minimal harmfulness for bioimaging with the achievable resolving power, many attempts have been made. This review summarises the state-of-the-art of THz imaging applications aimed at achieving super-resolution, describing how practical aspects of optics and quasi-optics may be treated to efficaciously implement the use of THz as a new low-dose and versatile modality in biomedical imaging and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocco D'Antuono
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - John W Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Apoptosis: A Scoping Review of In Vitro Studies on Mammalian Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042322. [PMID: 35216437 PMCID: PMC8877695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of radiofrequency (RF, 100 kHz–300 GHz) electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure on the apoptotic process. As evidence-based critical evaluation of RF and apoptosis in vitro is lacking, we performed a scoping literature review with the aim of systematically mapping the research performed in this area and identifying gaps in knowledge. Eligible for inclusion were in vitro studies assessing apoptosis in mammalian cells exposed to RF-EMF, which met basic quality criteria (sham control, at least three independent experiments, appropriate dosimetry analysis and temperature monitoring). We conducted a systematic literature review and charted data in order to overview the main characteristics of included studies. From the 4362 papers retrieved with our search strategy, 121 were pertinent but, among them, only 42 met basic quality criteria. We pooled data with respect to exposure (frequency, exposure level and duration) and biological parameters (cell type, endpoint), and highlighted some qualitative trends with respect to the detection of significant effect of RF-EMF on the apoptotic process. We provided a qualitative picture of the evidence accumulated so far, and highlighted that the quality of experimental methodology still needs to be highly improved.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu H, Ghaani MR, Nandi PK, English NJ. Investigation of Dipolar Response of the Hydrated Hen-Egg White Lysozyme Complex under Externally Applied Electric Fields: Insights from Non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:858-868. [PMID: 35060735 PMCID: PMC8819654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HaoLun Wu
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaani
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Prithwish K. Nandi
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Irish Centre for High-End Computing, Trinity Enterprise Centre, Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niall J. English
- School of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu H, Ghaani MR, Futera Z, English NJ. Effects of Externally Applied Electric Fields on the Manipulation of Solvated-Chignolin Folding: Static- versus Alternating-Field Dichotomy at Play. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:376-386. [PMID: 35001614 PMCID: PMC8785190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between a protein and external electric field (EF) can alter its structure and dynamical behavior, which has a potential impact on the biological function of proteins and cause uncertain health consequences. Conversely, the application of EFs of judiciously selected intensity and frequency can help to treat disease, and optimization of this requires a greater understanding of EF-induced effects underpinning basic protein biophysics. In the present study, chignolin─an artificial protein sufficiently small to undergo fast-folding events and transitions─was selected as an ideal prototype to investigate how, and to what extent, externally applied electric fields may manipulate or influence protein-folding phenomena. Nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations have been performed of solvated chignolin to determine the distribution of folding states and their underlying transition dynamics, in the absence and presence of externally applied electric fields (both static and alternating); a key focus has been to ascertain how folding pathways are altered in an athermal sense by external fields. Compared to zero-field conditions, a dramatically different─indeed, bifurcated─behavior of chignolin-folding processes emerges between static- and alternating-field scenarios, especially vis-à-vis incipient stages of hydrophobic-core formation: in alternating fields, fold-state populations diversified, with an attendant acceleration of state-hopping folding kinetics, featuring the concomitant emergence of a new, quasi-stable structure compared to the native structure, in field-shifted energy landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HaoLun Wu
- School
of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Reza Ghaani
- School
of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Zdeněk Futera
- Faculty
of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Niall J. English
- School
of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Panagopoulos DJ, Karabarbounis A, Yakymenko I, Chrousos GP. Human‑made electromagnetic fields: Ion forced‑oscillation and voltage‑gated ion channel dysfunction, oxidative stress and DNA damage (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:92. [PMID: 34617575 PMCID: PMC8562392 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of animals/biological samples to human‑made electromagnetic fields (EMFs), especially in the extremely low frequency (ELF) band, and the microwave/radio frequency (RF) band which is always combined with ELF, may lead to DNA damage. DNA damage is connected with cell death, infertility and other pathologies, including cancer. ELF exposure from high‑voltage power lines and complex RF exposure from wireless communication antennas/devices are linked to increased cancer risk. Almost all human‑made RF EMFs include ELF components in the form of modulation, pulsing and random variability. Thus, in addition to polarization and coherence, the existence of ELFs is a common feature of almost all human‑made EMFs. The present study reviews the DNA damage and related effects induced by human‑made EMFs. The ion forced‑oscillation mechanism for irregular gating of voltage‑gated ion channels on cell membranes by polarized/coherent EMFs is extensively described. Dysfunction of ion channels disrupts intracellular ionic concentrations, which determine the cell's electrochemical balance and homeostasis. The present study shows how this can result in DNA damage through reactive oxygen species/free radical overproduction. Thus, a complete picture is provided of how human‑made EMF exposure may indeed lead to DNA damage and related pathologies, including cancer. Moreover, it is suggested that the non‑thermal biological effects attributed to RF EMFs are actually due to their ELF components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris J. Panagopoulos
- Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy and Safety, National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', 15310 Athens, Greece
- Choremeion Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Electromagnetic Field-Biophysics Research Laboratory, 10681 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Karabarbounis
- Department of Physics, Section of Nuclear and Particle Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Igor Yakymenko
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 03022 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Department of Public Health, Kyiv Medical University, 02000 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - George P. Chrousos
- Choremeion Research Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Species throughout the animal kingdom use the Earth's magnetic field (MF) to navigate using either or both of two mechanisms. The first relies on magnetite crystals in tissue where their magnetic moments align with the MF to transduce a signal transmitted to the central nervous system. The second and the subject of this paper involves cryptochrome (CRY) proteins located in cone photoreceptors distributed across the retina, studied most extensively in birds. According to the "Radical Pair Mechanism" (RPM), blue/UV light excites CRY's flavin cofactor (FAD) to generate radical pairs whose singlet-to-triplet interconversion rate is modulated by an external MF. The signaling product of the RPM produces an impression of the field across the retinal surface. In birds, the resulting signal on the optic nerve is transmitted along the thalamofugal pathway to the primary visual cortex, which projects to brain regions concerned with image processing, memory, and executive function. The net result is a bird's orientation to the MF's inclination: its vector angle relative to the Earth's surface. The quality of ambient light (e.g., polarization) provides additional input to the compass. In birds, the Type IV CRY isoform appears pivotal to the compass, given its positioning within retinal cones; a cytosolic location therein indicating no role in the circadian clock; relatively steady diurnal levels (unlike Type II CRY's cycling); and a full complement of FAD (essential for photosensitivity). The evidence indicates that mammalian Type II CRY isoforms play a light-independent role in the cellular molecular clock without a photoreceptive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Brain
- Environmental Physiology, Molecular, and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wood A, Karipidis K. Radiofrequency Fields and Calcium Movements Into and Out of Cells. Radiat Res 2021; 195:101-113. [PMID: 33206197 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00101.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The recent rollout of 5G telecommunications systems has spawned a renewed call to re-examine the possibility of so-called "non-thermal" harmful effects of radiofrequency (RF) radiation. The possibility of calcium being affected by low-level RF has been the subject of research for nearly 50 years and there have been recent suggestions that voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are "extraordinarily sensitive" to ambient RF fields. This article examines the feasibility of particularly modulated RF coupling to gating mechanisms in VGCCs and also reviews studies from the literature from the last 50 years for consistency of outcome. We conclude that the currents induced by fields at the ICNIRP guideline limits are many orders of magnitude below those needed to affect gating, and there would need to be a biological mechanism for detection and rectification of the extremely-low-frequency (ELF) modulations, which has not been demonstrated. Overall, experimental studies have not validated that RF affects Ca2+ transport into or out of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wood
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ken Karipidis
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yadav H, Rai U, Singh R. Radiofrequency radiation: A possible threat to male fertility. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 100:90-100. [PMID: 33497741 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiofrequency exposure from man-made sources has increased drastically with the era of advanced technology. People could not escape from such RF radiations as they have become the essential part of our routine life such as Wi-Fi, microwave ovens, TV, mobile phones, etc. Although non-ionizing radiations are less damaging than ionizing radiations but its long term exposure effect cannot be avoided. For fertility to be affected, either there is an alteration in germ cell, or its nourishing environment, and RF affects both the parameters subsequently, leading to infertility. This review with the help of in vitro and in vivo studies shows that RF could change the morphology and physiology of germ cells with affected spermatogenesis, motility and reduced concentration of male gametes. RF also results in genetic and hormonal changes. In addition, the contribution of oxidative stress and protein kinase complex after RFR exposure is also summarized which could also be the possible mechanism for reduction in sperm parameters. Further, some preventative measures are described which could help in reverting the radiofrequency effects on germ cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Yadav
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- Deparment of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Verbeek J, Oftedal G, Feychting M, van Rongen E, Rosaria Scarfì M, Mann S, Wong R, van Deventer E. Prioritizing health outcomes when assessing the effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: A survey among experts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106300. [PMID: 33395944 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) (frequencies of 100 kHz to 300 GHz) has been steadily increasing. In addition to heat-related effects of RF EMF, other yet-unspecified biological effects, might exist which could possibly lead to health effects. Given the large number of health endpoints that have been studied, we wanted to prioritize those that would merit systematic reviews. We developed a survey listing of all health endpoints reported in the literature and we asked 300 RF EMF experts and researchers to prioritize these health effects for systematic review as critical, important or unimportant. We also asked the experts to provide the rationale for their prioritization. Of the 300 RF EMF experts queried, 164 (54%) responded. They rated cancer, heat-related effects, adverse birth outcomes, electromagnetic hypersensitivity, cognitive impairment, adverse pregnancy outcomes and oxidative stress as outcomes most critical regarding RF EMF exposure. For these outcomes, systematic reviews are needed. For heat-related outcomes, the experts based their ranking of the critical outcomes on what is known from human or animal studies, and for cancer and other outcomes, they based their rating also on public concern. To assess health risks of an exposure in a robust manner, it is important to prioritize the health outcomes that should be systematically reviewed. Here we have shown that it feasible to do so in an inclusive and transparent way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jos Verbeek
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cochrane Work Review Group, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Gunnhild Oftedal
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria Feychting
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric van Rongen
- Health Council of the Netherlands, Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Rosaria Scarfì
- National Research Council, Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, Naples, Italy
| | - Simon Mann
- Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emilie van Deventer
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kwon J, Choi JS, Lee J, Na J, Sung J, Lee HJ, Lee HS, Lim YB, Choi HJ. Disaggregation of Amyloid-β Plaques by a Local Electric Field Generated by a Vertical Nanowire Electrode Array. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55596-55604. [PMID: 33269924 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is a characteristic pathology for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although noninvasive therapies involving stimulation by electric field (EF) have been reported, the efficiency of Aβ disaggregation needs to be further improved for this strategy to be used in clinical settings. In this study, we show that an electrode based on a vertical nanowire electrode array (VNEA) is far more superior to a typical flat-type electrode in disaggregating Aβ plaques. The enhanced disaggregation efficiency of VNEA is due to the formation of high-strength local EF between the nanowires, as verified by in silico and empirical evidence. Compared with those of the flat electrode, the simulation data revealed that 19.8-fold and 8.8-fold higher EFs are generated above and between the nanowires, respectively. Moreover, empirical cyclic voltammetry data demonstrated that VNEA had a 2.7-fold higher charge capacity than the flat electrode; this is associated with the higher surface area of VNEA. The conformational transition of Aβ peptides between the β-sheet and α-helix could be sensitively monitored in real time by the newly designed in situ circular dichroism instrument. This highly efficient EF-configuration of VNEA will lower the stimulation power for disaggregating the Aβ plaques, compared to that of other existing field-mediated modulation systems. Considering the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatibility and biocompatible strength of the EF for perturbing the Aβ aggregation, our study could pave the way for the potential use of electric stimulation devices for in vivo therapeutic application as well as scientific studies for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Shik Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jukwan Na
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesuk Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Soo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Regalbuto E, Anselmo A, De Sanctis S, Franchini V, Lista F, Benvenuto M, Bei R, Masuelli L, D’Inzeo G, Paffi A, Trodella E, Sgura A. Human Fibroblasts In Vitro Exposed to 2.45 GHz Continuous and Pulsed Wave Signals: Evaluation of Biological Effects with a Multimethodological Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7069. [PMID: 32992895 PMCID: PMC7584027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF), especially from wireless communication devices, raises questions about their possible adverse health effects. So far, several in vitro studies evaluating RF-EMF genotoxic and cytotoxic non-thermal effects have reported contradictory results that could be mainly due to inadequate experimental design and lack of well-characterized exposure systems and conditions. Moreover, a topic poorly investigated is related to signal modulation induced by electromagnetic fields. The aim of this study was to perform an analysis of the potential non-thermal biological effects induced by 2.45 GHz exposures through a characterized exposure system and a multimethodological approach. Human fibroblasts were exposed to continuous (CW) and pulsed (PW) signals for 2 h in a wire patch cell-based exposure system at the specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.7 W/kg. The evaluation of the potential biological effects was carried out through a multimethodological approach, including classical biological markers (genotoxic, cell cycle, and ultrastructural) and the evaluation of gene expression profile through the powerful high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approach. Our results suggest that 2.45 GHz radiofrequency fields did not induce significant biological effects at a cellular or molecular level for the evaluated exposure parameters and conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Regalbuto
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.D.S.); (V.F.); (F.L.)
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Anselmo
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.D.S.); (V.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Stefania De Sanctis
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.D.S.); (V.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Valeria Franchini
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.D.S.); (V.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Florigio Lista
- Scientific Department, Army Medical Center of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (S.D.S.); (V.F.); (F.L.)
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guglielmo D’Inzeo
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00184 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (A.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Alessandra Paffi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00184 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (A.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Eugenio Trodella
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00184 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (A.P.); (E.T.)
| | - Antonella Sgura
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, 00146 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Interaction Between Near-Infrared Radiation and Temozolomide in a Glioblastoma Multiform Cell Line: A Treatment Strategy? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:91-104. [PMID: 32236902 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential therapeutic modality against cancer, resulting from the interaction of a photosensitizer (PS) and radiation that generates damage to tumor cells. The use of near-infrared radiation (IR-A) is relevant because presents recognized biological effects, such as antioxidant, neuroprotective and antitumor effects. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm with high proliferation and tissue invasion capacity and is resistant to radio and chemotherapy. Here, we evaluated in vitro the possible interaction of temozolomide (TMZ) with IR-A in a glioblastoma cell line (C6) and in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCat) how non-tumor cell model, in an attempt to search for a new treatment strategy. The effects of TMZ, IR-A and the interaction between TMZ and IR-A was evaluated by viability exclusion with trypan blue. To perform the interaction experiments, we have chosen 10 μM TMZ and 4.5 J/cm2 of IR-A. From this, we evaluated cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels (ROS), as well as the process of cell migration and the P-gp and MRP-1 activity. Cell death mainly due to apoptosis, followed by necrosis, decreased cell proliferation, increased ROS levels, decreased cell migration and decreased P-gp and MRP1 activity were observed only when there was interaction between TMZ and IR-A in the C6 cell line. The interaction between TMZ and IR-A was not able to affect cell proliferation in the HaCat non-tumor cell line. Our results suggest that this interaction could be a promising approach and that in the future may serve as an antitumor strategy for PDT application.
Collapse
|
23
|
Effects of Radiofrequency Exposure and Co-Exposure on Human Lymphocytes: The Influence of Signal Modulation and Bandwidth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1109/jerm.2019.2918023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
24
|
Kwon J, Ko S, Lee J, Na J, Sung J, Lee HJ, Lee S, Chung S, Choi HJ. Nanoelectrode-mediated single neuron activation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4709-4718. [PMID: 32049079 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10559j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating cellular dynamics at the level of a single neuron and its associated role within neuronal circuits is essential for interpreting the complex nature of the brain. To investigate the operation of neural activity within its network, it is necessary to precisely manipulate the activation of each neuron and verify its propagation path via the synaptic connection. In this study, by exploiting the intrinsic physical and electrical advantages of a nanoelectrode, a vertical nanowire multi electrode array (VNMEA) is developed as a neuronal activation platform presenting the spatially confined effect on the intracellular space of individual cells. VNMEA makes a distinct difference between the interior and exterior cell potential and the current density, deriving the superior effects on activating Ca2+ responses compared to extracellular methods under the same conditions, with about 2.9-fold higher amplitude of Ca2+ elevation and a 2.6-fold faster recovery rate. Moreover, the synchronized propagation of evoked activities is shown in connected neurons implying cell-to-cell communications following the intracellular stimulation. The simulation and experimental consequences prove the outstanding property of temporal/spatial confinement of VNMEA-mediated intracellular stimulation to activate a single neuron and show its potential in localizing spiking neurons within neuronal populations, which may be utilized to reveal the connection and activation modalities of neural networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sukjin Ko
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaejun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jukwan Na
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaesuk Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seonghyeon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungsoo Chung
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heon-Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Smith‐Roe SL, Wyde ME, Stout MD, Winters JW, Hobbs CA, Shepard KG, Green AS, Kissling GE, Shockley KR, Tice RR, Bucher JR, Witt KL. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of cell phone radiofrequency radiation in male and female rats and mice following subchronic exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:276-290. [PMID: 31633839 PMCID: PMC7027901 DOI: 10.1002/em.22343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The National Toxicology Program tested two common radiofrequency radiation (RFR) modulations emitted by cellular telephones in a 2-year rodent cancer bioassay that included interim assessments of additional animals for genotoxicity endpoints. Male and female Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD rats and B6C3F1/N mice were exposed from Gestation day 5 or Postnatal day 35, respectively, to code division multiple access (CDMA) or global system for mobile modulations over 18 hr/day, at 10-min intervals, in reverberation chambers at specific absorption rates of 1.5, 3, or 6 W/kg (rats, 900 MHz) or 2.5, 5, or 10 W/kg (mice, 1,900 MHz). After 19 (rats) or 14 (mice) weeks of exposure, animals were examined for evidence of RFR-associated genotoxicity using two different measures. Using the alkaline (pH > 13) comet assay, DNA damage was assessed in cells from three brain regions, liver cells, and peripheral blood leukocytes; using the micronucleus assay, chromosomal damage was assessed in immature and mature peripheral blood erythrocytes. Results of the comet assay showed significant increases in DNA damage in the frontal cortex of male mice (both modulations), leukocytes of female mice (CDMA only), and hippocampus of male rats (CDMA only). Increases in DNA damage judged to be equivocal were observed in several other tissues of rats and mice. No significant increases in micronucleated red blood cells were observed in rats or mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that exposure to RFR is associated with an increase in DNA damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 61:276-290, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Smith‐Roe
- Division of the National Toxicology ProgramNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - Michael E. Wyde
- Division of the National Toxicology ProgramNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - Matthew D. Stout
- Division of the National Toxicology ProgramNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - John W. Winters
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc.Research Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - Cheryl A. Hobbs
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc.Research Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - Kim G. Shepard
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc.Research Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - Amanda S. Green
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc.Research Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - Grace E. Kissling
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - Keith R. Shockley
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - Raymond R. Tice
- Division of the National Toxicology ProgramNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - John R. Bucher
- Division of the National Toxicology ProgramNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - Kristine L. Witt
- Division of the National Toxicology ProgramNational Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A Prospective Six-Month Study of Chronic Pain Sufferers: A Novel OTC Neuromodulation Therapy. Pain Res Manag 2019; 2019:3154194. [PMID: 31687056 PMCID: PMC6800946 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3154194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective To assess the durability of treatment over various chronic pain conditions of an emerging, nonprescription electromagnetic neuromodulation device that uses pulsed shortwave therapy. Methods A 6-month prospective study, involving 240 chronic pain sufferers, 94% of whom reported using pain pills and 98% reported using pain therapies prior to entering the study. Their average baseline pain was 8.2 VAS points before treatment; they had a pain duration of 6.5 years, and they were positive responders to pulsed shortwave therapy in an initial 7-day trial. Prospective assessments were obtained at intervals of 3, 4, and 6 months following a retrospective 7-day assessment. Longitudinal analyses were conducted to determine pain relief trends after the initial 7-day device use. Results Seven days after initial treatment, the average pain was reduced to 2.9, a 65% pain reduction for the study subjects. At the 6-month measurement, the average pain was 3.3, a 60% pain reduction from baseline. Only 17% of the subjects saw their pain level increase although this new level was still lower than baseline pain. Pain relief translated into improved quality of life and reduced medication use for the majority of the subjects. There were no significant adverse side effects reported over the 6 months of use. Conclusion Ninety-seven percent of the recruited subjects, all of whom had previously reported clinically significant pain relief using the 7-day PSWT device, sustained this relief for 6 months by using the device on an as-needed basis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Perov S, Rubtsova N, Balzano Q. Effects of 171 MHz Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Field on Glucocorticoid and Mineral Corticoid Activity of the Adrenal Glands of Rats. Bioelectromagnetics 2019; 40:578-587. [PMID: 31642089 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A sub-acute electromagnetic field (EMF) biological effect study was carried out on rats exposed in the Transverse ElectroMagnetic exposure chamber at 171 MHz Continuous Wave (CW). The experiments involved three exposure levels (15, 25, and 35 V/m) for 15 days with triplicate parallel sham-exposed controls in each series. All exposure conditions were simulated for the evaluation of the electromagnetic energy distribution and specific absorption rate (SAR) in the rat phantoms. Studies have shown a biphasic biological response depending on time and absorbed electromagnetic energy. Under low SAR, approximately 0.006 W/kg, EMF exposure leads to the stimulation of adrenal gland activity. This process is accompanied by an initial increase of daily excretion of corticosterone and Na+ , which is seen as a higher Na+ /K+ ratio, followed by a decrease of these parameters over time. It is possible that EMF exposure causes a stress response in animals, which is seen as an increased adrenal activity. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:578-587. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Perov
- Department for the Investigation of Health Effects, Federal State Budgetary Russian Federation Scientific Institution Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nina Rubtsova
- Department for the Investigation of Health Effects, Federal State Budgetary Russian Federation Scientific Institution Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Quirino Balzano
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vornoli A, Falcioni L, Mandrioli D, Bua L, Belpoggi F. The Contribution of In Vivo Mammalian Studies to the Knowledge of Adverse Effects of Radiofrequency Radiation on Human Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3379. [PMID: 31547363 PMCID: PMC6765993 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of cellular antennas and other radiofrequency radiation (RFR) generating devices of the last decades has led to more and more concerns about the potential health effects from RFR exposure. Since the 2011 classification as a possible carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), more experimental studies have been published that support a causal association between RFR exposure and health hazards. As regard cancer risk, two long-term experimental studies have been recently published by the US National Toxicology Program (NTP) and the Italian Ramazzini Institute (RI). Despite important experimental differences, both studies found statistically significant increases in the development of the same type of very rare glial malignant tumors. In addition to carcinogenicity, reproductive organs might be particularly exposed, as well as sensitive to RFR. In this work, we reviewed the currently available evidence from in vivo studies on carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity studies in order to summarize the contribution of experimental research to the prevention of the adverse effects of RFR on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vornoli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Castello di Bentivoglio, via Saliceto 3, Bentivoglio, 40010 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Laura Falcioni
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Castello di Bentivoglio, via Saliceto 3, Bentivoglio, 40010 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniele Mandrioli
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Castello di Bentivoglio, via Saliceto 3, Bentivoglio, 40010 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Luciano Bua
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Castello di Bentivoglio, via Saliceto 3, Bentivoglio, 40010 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Belpoggi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Castello di Bentivoglio, via Saliceto 3, Bentivoglio, 40010 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang JL, Lin YC, Young TH, Chen MH. Far-infrared ray radiation promotes neurite outgrowth of neuron-like PC12 cells through AKT1 signaling. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 118:600-610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
30
|
Gao H, Aresu M, Vergnaud AC, McRobie D, Spear J, Heard A, Kongsgård HW, Singh D, Muller DC, Elliott P. Personal radio use and cancer risks among 48,518 British police officers and staff from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study. Br J Cancer 2019; 120:375-378. [PMID: 30585256 PMCID: PMC6354010 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) from mobile phones have been classified as potentially carcinogenic. No study has investigated use of Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), a source of RF-EMF with wide occupational use, and cancer risks. METHODS We investigated association of monthly personal radio use and risk of cancer using Cox proportional hazards regression among 48,518 police officers and staff of the Airwave Health Monitoring Study in Great Britain. RESULTS During median follow-up of 5.9 years, 716 incident cancer cases were identified. Among users, the median of the average monthly duration of use in the year prior to enrolment was 30.5 min (inter-quartile range 8.1, 68.1). Overall, there was no association between personal radio use and risk of all cancers (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93, 1.03). For head and neck cancers HR = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.30, 1.70) among personal radio users vs non-users, and among users it was 1.06 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.23) per doubling of minutes of personal radio use. CONCLUSIONS With the limited follow-up to date, we found no evidence of association of personal radio use with cancer risk. Continued follow-up of the cohort is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Aresu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne-Claire Vergnaud
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dennis McRobie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jeanette Spear
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andy Heard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Håvard Wahl Kongsgård
- Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Deepa Singh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David C Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Effects of Environmental Hazards, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute (DRI) at Imperial College, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Health Data Research-UK (HDR) London Centre at Imperial College, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hinrikus H, Bachmann M, Lass J. Understanding physical mechanism of low-level microwave radiation effect. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:877-882. [PMID: 29775391 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1478158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This topic review aims to explain the mechanism of low-level microwave (MW) radiation effect based on published research results. The review presents the analysis of theoretical and experimental results comprising underlying physics and derived biological-physiological consequences supported by experimental data. CONCLUSIONS The rotation of dipolar molecules causes polarization of dielectric medium and restructuring of hydrogen bonds between these molecules. The weakened hydrogen bonds decrease viscosity and enhance diffusion at constant temperature. All steps of proposed model have no critical frequency restrictions at MW frequencies and have been confirmed by electromagnetic field (EMF) theory and/or published experimental results. The synchronous cumulative impact of coherent MW electric field makes possible the field-induced effect despite the field strengths are much weaker than intermolecular fields. The rotation of dipolar molecules results in restructuring hydrogen bonds between the molecules despite the energy of MW radiation is much less than the energy of bonding. The cumulative impact of coherent MW field in a medium has been convincingly confirmed by the measurable dielectric permittivity of the medium. The described mechanism of MW field-induced effect confirms that the nature of the effect differs from the thermal effect and that the exposure by MW radiation can create the specific consequences in biology and materials not characteristic for conventional heating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiie Hinrikus
- a Department of Health Technologies, Centre for Biomedical Engineering , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Maie Bachmann
- a Department of Health Technologies, Centre for Biomedical Engineering , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia
| | - Jaanus Lass
- a Department of Health Technologies, Centre for Biomedical Engineering , Tallinn University of Technology , Tallinn , Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Köhler T, Wölfel M, Ciba M, Bochtler U, Thielemann C. Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) exposure of neuronal in vitro networks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 162:1-7. [PMID: 29272813 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) is a worldwide common mobile communication standard, used by authorities and organizations with security tasks. Previous studies reported on health effects of TETRA, with focus on the specific pulse frequency of 17.64Hz, which affects calcium efflux in neuronal cells. Likewise among others, it was reported that TETRA affects heart rate variability, neurophysiology and leads to headaches. In contrast, other studies conclude that TETRA does not affect calcium efflux of cells and has no effect on people's health. In the present study we examine whether TETRA short- and long-term exposure could affect the electrophysiology of neuronal in vitro networks. Experiments were performed with a carrier frequency of 395MHz, a pulse frequency of 17.64Hz and a differential quaternary phase-shift keying (π/4 DQPSK) modulation. Specific absorption rates (SAR) of 1.17W/kg and 2.21W/kg were applied. In conclusion, the present results do not indicate any effect of TETRA exposure on electrophysiology of neuronal in vitro networks, neither for short-term nor long-term exposure. This applies to the examined parameters spike rate, burst rate, burst duration and network synchrony.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Köhler
- BioMEMS Lab, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Würzburger Straße 45, D-63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Wölfel
- Laboratory for EMC, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Würzburger Straße 45, D-63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany.
| | - Manuel Ciba
- BioMEMS Lab, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Würzburger Straße 45, D-63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Bochtler
- Laboratory for EMC, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Würzburger Straße 45, D-63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany.
| | - Christiane Thielemann
- BioMEMS Lab, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Würzburger Straße 45, D-63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sienkiewicz Z, Calderón C, Broom KA, Addison D, Gavard A, Lundberg L, Maslanyj M. Are Exposures to Multiple Frequencies the Key to Future Radiofrequency Research? Front Public Health 2017; 5:328. [PMID: 29276705 PMCID: PMC5727023 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an extensive literature investigating possible effects of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields associated with mobile phone technologies. This has not identified any public health risks with any degree of certainty. Some epidemiological studies have observed associations between heavy users of mobile phones and some types of cancer, but animal studies do not support this association, although a few studies have reported increased tumor yields. However, there is a crucial difference between epidemiology studies and laboratory work in terms of signals investigated: most people are exposed to a complex mixture of frequencies and signals at varying intensities, whereas the majority of animal studies have been performed using a single frequency or intensity. Whether this might explain the differences in outcome will be discussed, and whether there is a need for additional laboratory investigations that reproduce more accurately realistic exposure conditions will be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zenon Sienkiewicz
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina Calderón
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry A Broom
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Addison
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Amélie Gavard
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Lundberg
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, United Kingdom
| | - Myron Maslanyj
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ruigrok HJ, Arnaud-Cormos D, Hurtier A, Poque E, de Gannes FP, Ruffié G, Bonnaudin F, Lagroye I, Sojic N, Arbault S, Lévêque P, Veyret B, Percherancier Y. Activation of the TRPV1 Thermoreceptor Induced by Modulated or Unmodulated 1800 MHz Radiofrequency Field Exposure. Radiat Res 2017; 189:95-103. [PMID: 29059001 DOI: 10.1667/rr14877.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The existence of effects of radiofrequency field exposure at environmental levels on living tissues and organisms remains controversial, in particular regarding potential "nonthermal" effects produced in the absence of temperature elevation. Therefore, we investigated whether TRPV1, one of the most studied thermosensitive channels, can be activated by the heat produced by radiofrequency fields and by some specific nonthermal interaction with the fields. We have recently shown that TRPV1 activation can be assessed in real-time on live cells using the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer technique. Taking advantage of this innovative assay, we monitored TRPV1 thermal and chemical modes of activation under radiofrequency exposure at 1800 MHz using different signals (CW, GSM, UMTS, LTE, Wi-Fi and WiMAX) at specific absorption rates between 8 and 32 W/kg. We showed that, as expected, TRPV1 channels were activated by the heat produced by radiofrequency field exposure of transiently-transfected HEK293T cells, but found no evidence of TRPV1 activation in the absence of temperature elevation under radiofrequency field exposure. There was no evidence either that, at fixed temperature, radiofrequency exposure altered the maximal efficacy of the agonist Capsaicin to activate TRPV1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermanus J Ruigrok
- a Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | | | - Annabelle Hurtier
- a Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Emmanuelle Poque
- a Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Florence Poulletier de Gannes
- a Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Gilles Ruffié
- a Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Fabrice Bonnaudin
- a Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Isabelle Lagroye
- a Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France.,e Paris Sciences et Lettres - EPHE Research University, Paris, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- b Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France.,d ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, NSYSA Group, ENSCBP, Pessac, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- b Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France.,d ISM, CNRS UMR 5255, NSYSA Group, ENSCBP, Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Lévêque
- c Université de Limoges, CNRS, XLIM, UMR 7252, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Bernard Veyret
- a Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Yann Percherancier
- a Laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 5218, Talence, France.,b Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Warille AA, Altun G, Elamin AA, Kaplan AA, Mohamed H, Yurt KK, El Elhaj A. Skeptical approaches concerning the effect of exposure to electromagnetic fields on brain hormones and enzyme activities. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2017; 5:177-184. [PMID: 30023252 PMCID: PMC6025782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the effects of various frequencies of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on brain hormones and enzyme activity. In this context, the mechanism underlying the effects of EMF exposure on tissues generally and cellular pathway specifically has been discussed. The cell membrane plays important roles in mediating enzymatic activities as to response and reacts with extracellular environment. Alterations in the calcium signaling pathways in the cell membrane are activated in response to the effects of EMF exposure. Experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that no changes occur in serum prolactin levels in humans following short-term exposure to 900 Mega Hertz (MHz) EMF emitted by mobile phones. The effects of EMF on melatonin and its metabolite, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, in humans have also been investigated in the clinical studies to show a disturbance in metabolic activity of melatonin. In addition, although 900 MHz EMF effects on NF-κB inflammation, its effects on NF-κB are not clear. Abbreviations: ELF-EMF, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields; EMF, electromagnetic fields; RF, Radiofrequency; ROS, reactive oxygen species; VGCCs, voltage-gated calcium channels; MAPK, mitogen-activated phosphokinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B; ERK-1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase; JNK, Jun N-terminal kinases; SOD, superoxide dismutase; MnSOD, manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase; GLUT1, glucose transporter 1; GSSG-Rd, glutathione reductase MDA malondialdehyde; NO, nitric oxide; LH, luteinizing hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aymen A Warille
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdalla A Elamin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Arife Ahsen Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hamza Mohamed
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abubaker El Elhaj
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee JM, Kim KH. Effect of near-infrared rays on female menstrual pain in Korea. Nurs Health Sci 2017; 19:366-372. [PMID: 28686000 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Most Korean women who experience menstrual pain have reported taking pain medicine and making use of complementary alternative therapies. However, because some interventions may cause side effects, more effective pain-relieving measures need to be identified. This study using a non-equivalent group design, evaluated the effects of near-infrared rays on dysmenorrhea among Korean women. The experimental group wore a near-infrared ray abdominal belt for the duration of one menstrual cycle until the end of the menstrual period, while the control group used hot packs. The level of menstrual pain, menstrual pain duration, and pain medicine use were measured. The menstrual pain, average menstrual pain duration, and use of analgesics were reduced in the near-infrared rays group. The results of this study indicate that the near-infrared ray LED belt was effective in reducing menstrual pain, menstrual pain duration compared to the use of analgesics in Korean women with dysmenorrhea. Therefore, near-infrared rays may be used to relieve menstrual pain and improve the quality of life of women with dysmenorrhea in Korea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Min Lee
- Department of Computer and Electron Communication, Yanbian Jilin China, Yanbian University of Science and Technology, Yanji City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Kye-Ha Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Hinrikus H, Bachmann M, Karai D, Lass J. Mechanism of low-level microwave radiation effect on nervous system. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 36:202-212. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2016.1251451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
39
|
Garcia-Fernandez MA, Percherancier Y, Lagroye I, O'Connor RP, Veyret B, Arnaud-Cormos D, Leveque P. Dosimetric Characteristics of an EMF Delivery System Based on a Real-Time Impedance Measurement Device. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2016; 63:2317-2325. [PMID: 26886964 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2016.2527927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the dosimetric characterization of an EMF exposure setup compatible with real-time impedance measurements of adherent biological cells is proposed. The EMF are directly delivered to the 16-well format plate used by the commercial xCELLigence apparatus. Experiments and numerical simulations were carried out for the dosimetric analysis. The reflection coefficient was less than -10 dB up to 180 MHz and this exposure system can be matched at higher frequencies up to 900 and 1800 MHz. The specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution within the wells containing the biological medium was calculated by numerical finite-difference time domain simulations and results were verified by temperature measurements at 13.56 MHz. Numerical SAR values were obtained at the microelectrode level where the biological cells were exposed to EMF including 13.56, 900, and 1800 MHz. At 13.56 MHz, the SAR values, within the cell layer and the 270-μL volume of medium, are 1.9e3 and 3.5 W/kg/incident mW, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yann Percherancier
- laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système (IMS), UMR 5218, Université de Bordeaux I
| | - Isabelle Lagroye
- laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système (IMS), UMR 5218, Université de Bordeaux I
| | | | - Bernard Veyret
- laboratoire de l'Intégration du Matériau au Système (IMS), UMR 5218, Université de Bordeaux I
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen Z, Li Y, Wang L, Liu S, Wang K, Sun J, Xu B. Evaluation of the possible non-thermal effect of microwave radiation on the inactivation of wheat germ lipase. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yulin Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization; Hubei Normal University; Huangshi Hubei province China
| | - Likun Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Keke Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jun Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| | - Bin Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Andocs G, Rehman MU, Zhao QL, Tabuchi Y, Kanamori M, Kondo T. Comparison of biological effects of modulated electro-hyperthermia and conventional heat treatment in human lymphoma U937 cells. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16039. [PMID: 27551529 PMCID: PMC4979466 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Loco-regional hyperthermia treatment has long history in oncology. Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT, trade name: oncothermia) is an emerging curative treatment method in this field due to its highly selective actions. The impedance-matched, capacitive-coupled modulated radiofrequency (RF) current is selectively focused in the malignant cell membrane of the cancer cells. Our objective is studying the cell-death process and comparing the cellular effects of conventional water-bath hyperthermia treatment to mEHT. The U937 human histiocytic lymphoma cell line was used for the experiments. In the case of conventional hyperthermia treatment, cells were immersed in a thermoregulated water bath, whereas in the case of mEHT, the cells were treated using a special RF generator (LabEHY, Oncotherm) and an applicator. The heating dynamics, the maximum temperature reached (42 °C) and the treatment duration (30 min) were exactly the same in both cases. Cell samples were analysed using different flow cytometric methods as well as microarray gene expression assay and western blot analysis was also used to reveal the molecular basis of the induced effects. Definite difference was observed in the biological response to different heat treatments. At 42 °C, only mEHT induced significant apoptotic cell death. The GeneChip analysis revealed a whole cluster of genes, which are highly up-regulated in case of only RF heating, but not in conventional heating. The Fas, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and ERK signalling pathway was the dominant factor to induce apoptotic cell death in mEHT, whereas the cell-protective mechanisms dominated in case of conventional heating. This study has clearly shown that conventional hyperthermia and RF mEHT can result in different biological responses at the same temperature. The reason for the difference is the distinct, non-homogenous energy distribution on the cell membrane, which activates cell death-related signalling pathways in mEHT treatment but not in conventional heat treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Andocs
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - M U Rehman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Q-L Zhao
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - Y Tabuchi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - M Kanamori
- Department of Human Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| | - T Kondo
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama , Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
English NJ, Waldron CJ. Perspectives on external electric fields in molecular simulation: progress, prospects and challenges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:12407-40. [PMID: 25903011 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00629e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the application of a wide variety of external electric fields in molecular simulation shall be discussed, including time-varying and electromagnetic, as well as the utility and potential impact and prospects for exploitation of such simulations for real-world and industrial end use. In particular, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics will be discussed, as well as challenges in addressing adequate thermostatting and scaling field amplitudes to more experimentally relevant levels. Attention shall be devoted to recent progress and advances in external fields in ab initio molecular simulation and dynamics, as well as elusive challenges thereof (and, to some extent, for molecular dynamics from empirical potentials), such as timescales required to observe low-frequency and intensity field effects. The challenge of deterministic molecular dynamics in external fields in sampling phase space shall be discussed, along with prospects for application of fields in enhanced-sampling simulations. Finally, the application of external electric fields to a wide variety of aqueous, nanoscale and biological systems will be discussed, often motivated by the possibility of exploitation in real-world applications, which serve to underpin our molecular-level understanding of field effects in terms of microscopic mechanisms, and possibly with a view to control thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niall J English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Koneru SN, Westgate CR, McLeod KJ. Rectification of RF Fields in Load Dependent Coupled Systems: Application to Non-Invasive Electroceuticals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2016.92007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
44
|
Saifuddin N, Aisswarya K, Juan YP, Priatharsi P. Sequestration of High Carbon Dioxide Concentration for Induction of Lipids in Microalgae for Biodiesel Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2015.1045.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
45
|
Scenarios approach to the electromagnetic exposure: the case study of a train compartment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:869895. [PMID: 25802868 PMCID: PMC4352733 DOI: 10.1155/2015/869895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies identified the train compartment as the place where people can experience the highest exposure levels (still below the international guideline limits) to electromagnetic fields in the radiofrequency range. Here a possible scenario of a train compartment has been reproduced and characterized, both numerically and experimentally. A good agreement between the simulated electric field distributions and measurements has been found. Results indicate that the higher values of exposure in specific positions inside the train compartment depend on the number of active cell phones, the bad coverage condition, the cell orientation, and the presence of metallic walls. This study shows that the proposed approach, based on the scenarios characterization, may efficiently support the assessment of the individual electromagnetic exposure.
Collapse
|
46
|
Pall ML. Scientific evidence contradicts findings and assumptions of Canadian Safety Panel 6: microwaves act through voltage-gated calcium channel activation to induce biological impacts at non-thermal levels, supporting a paradigm shift for microwave/lower frequency electromagnetic field action. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2015; 30:99-116. [PMID: 25879308 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review considers a paradigm shift on microwave electromagnetic field (EMF) action from only thermal effects to action via voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation. Microwave/lower frequency EMFs were shown in two dozen studies to act via VGCC activation because all effects studied were blocked by calcium channel blockers. This mode of action was further supported by hundreds of studies showing microwave changes in calcium fluxes and intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i signaling. The biophysical properties of VGCCs/similar channels make them particularly sensitive to low intensity, non-thermal EMF exposures. Non-thermal studies have shown that in most cases pulsed fields are more active than are non-pulsed fields and that exposures within certain intensity windows have much large biological effects than do either lower or higher intensity exposures; these are both consistent with a VGCC role but inconsistent with only a heating/thermal role. Downstream effects of VGCC activation include calcium signaling, elevated nitric oxide (NO), NO signaling, peroxynitrite, free radical formation, and oxidative stress. Downstream effects explain repeatedly reported biological responses to non-thermal exposures: oxidative stress; single and double strand breaks in cellular DNA; cancer; male and female infertility; lowered melatonin/sleep disruption; cardiac changes including tachycardia, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death; diverse neuropsychiatric effects including depression; and therapeutic effects. Non-VGCC non-thermal mechanisms may occur, but none have been shown to have effects in mammals. Biologically relevant safety standards can be developed through studies of cell lines/cell cultures with high levels of different VGCCs, measuring their responses to different EMF exposures. The 2014 Canadian Report by a panel of experts only recognizes thermal effects regarding safety standards for non-ionizing radiation exposures. Its position is therefore contradicted by each of the observations above. The Report is assessed here in several ways including through Karl Popper's assessment of strength of evidence. Popper argues that the strongest type of evidence is evidence that falsifies a theory; second strongest is a test of "risky prediction"; the weakest confirms a prediction that the theory could be correct but in no way rules out alternative theories. All of the evidence supporting the Report's conclusion that only thermal effects need be considered are of the weakest type, confirming prediction but not ruling out alternatives. In contrast, there are thousands of studies apparently falsifying their position. The Report argues that there are no biophysically viable mechanisms for non-thermal effects (shown to be false, see above). It claims that there are many "inconsistencies" in the literature causing them to throw out large numbers of studies; however, the one area where it apparently documents this claim, that of genotoxicity, shows no inconsistencies; rather it shows that various cell types, fields and end points produce different responses, as should be expected. The Report claims that cataract formation is produced by thermal effects but ignores studies falsifying this claim and also studies showing [Ca2+]i and VGCC roles. It is time for a paradigm shift away from only thermal effects toward VGCC activation and consequent downstream effects.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Folding and aggregation lie on competing reaction pathways in proteins. Altering the occupancy of one pathway is automatically relayed to the other pathway, leading to a shift in the balance between the two processes. In particular, it is known that the stabilization of the native state through mutations or solvent alterations is able to halt aggregation. In this work, we explore the feasibility of using external electric field as an agent preventing aggregation through the promotion of folding. We use an atomically accurate protein model and computer simulations to investigate folding and aggregation of alanine polypeptides in electric field of varying strength. The studied peptides are mostly unstructured in the absence of the field but experience a transition into α-helical states when the field is applied. The transition is accompanied by the disassembly of preseeded stacked β-sheets, which are used as a model of amyloid fibrils, suggesting that electric field can be employed to control aggregation propensity of intrinsically disordered peptides. According to our calculations, the strength of the field required for the disaggregation could be suitable for both controlled in vitro experiments as well as for experiments on live cells. Additionally, our estimates suggest that endogenous electric fields may have a significant effect on in vivo amyloid formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrij Baumketner
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , 1 Svientsistsky Str, Lviv 79011, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Romanenko S, Siegel PH, Wagenaar DA, Pikov V. Effects of millimeter wave irradiation and equivalent thermal heating on the activity of individual neurons in the leech ganglion. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:2423-31. [PMID: 25122711 PMCID: PMC4233276 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00357.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of today's radiofrequency-emitting devices in telecommunication, telemedicine, transportation safety, and security/military applications use the millimeter wave (MMW) band (30–300 GHz). To evaluate the biological safety and possible applications of this radiofrequency band for neuroscience and neurology, we have investigated the physiological effects of low-intensity 60-GHz electromagnetic irradiation on individual neurons in the leech midbody ganglia. We applied incident power densities of 1, 2, and 4 mW/cm2 to the whole ganglion for a period of 1 min while recording the action potential with a standard sharp electrode electrophysiology setup. For comparison, the recognized U.S. safe exposure limit is 1 mW/cm2 for 6 min. During the exposure to MMWs and gradual bath heating at a rate of 0.04°C/s (2.4°C/min), the ganglionic neurons exhibited similar dose-dependent hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane and decrease in the action potential amplitude. However, narrowing of the action potential half-width during MMW irradiation at 4 mW/cm2 was 5 times more pronounced compared with that during equivalent bath heating of 0.6°C. Even more dramatic difference in the effects of MMW irradiation and bath heating was noted in the firing rate, which was suppressed at all applied MMW power densities and increased in a dose-dependent manner during gradual bath heating. The mechanism of enhanced narrowing of action potentials and suppressed firing by MMW irradiation, compared with that by gradual bath heating, is hypothesized to involve specific coupling of MMW energy with the neuronal plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Romanenko
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; Neural Engineering Program, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California; and
| | - Peter H Siegel
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
| | - Daniel A Wagenaar
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Victor Pikov
- Neural Engineering Program, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California; and
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Astrakas LG, Gousias C, Tzaphlidou M. Electric field effects on alanine tripeptide in sodium halide solutions. Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 34:361-9. [PMID: 25006865 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2014.936065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The electric field effects on conformational properties of trialanine in different halide solutions were explored with long-scale molecular dynamics simulations. NaF, NaCl, NaBr and NaI solutions of low (0.2 M) and high (2 M) concentrations were exposed to a constant electric field of 1000 V/m. Generally, the electric field does not disturb trialanine's structure. Large structural changes appear only in the case of the supersaturated 2.0 M NaF solution containing NaF crystals. Although the electric field affects in a complex way, all the ions-water-peptide interactions, it predominantly affects the electroselectivity effect, which describes specific interactions such as the ion-pair formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loukas G Astrakas
- a Laboratories of Medical Physics , Medical School, University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Christos Gousias
- a Laboratories of Medical Physics , Medical School, University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Margaret Tzaphlidou
- a Laboratories of Medical Physics , Medical School, University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Taberski K, Klose M, Grote K, El Ouardi A, Streckert J, Hansen VW, Lerchl A. Noninvasive assessment of metabolic effects of exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields on Djungarian Hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus ). Radiat Res 2014; 181:617-22. [PMID: 24844649 DOI: 10.1667/rr13646.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen male Djungarian hamsters, serving as their own controls, were individually exposed to RF-EMF (900 MHz, GSM modulation) at 0 (sham), 0.08, 0.4 or 4 W/kg specific absorption rate (SAR) in specially constructed rectangular waveguides. Exposure duration was one week per condition, followed by one week without exposure. Once per day, the temperatures of the hamsters' back fur (a surrogate for skin temperature) and the cornea of the eye (a surrogate for body temperature), were measured by infrared thermography. Oxygen, carbon dioxide and humidity were measured continuously in the ambient and exhaled air. Food and water consumption, as well as body weight were recorded once per week. Only at the highest SAR level were the following effects observed: fur temperatures were elevated by approximately 0.5°C (P < 0.001), while the temperatures of the eyes' surface were not affected; food consumption was lowered (P < 0.05), while water consumption and body weight were not affected; the production of carbon dioxide was lowered during the day (P < 0.01) and unaffected during the night, while oxygen consumption levels remained unaffected and finally the respiratory quotient (carbon dioxide production divided by oxygen consumption) was lower during the day (P < 0.05) and also somewhat lower during the night (not significant). The results demonstrate the usefulness of our methods for experiments dealing with metabolic effects of RF-EMF exposure in rodents. They also confirm the assumption that even though the metabolism is reduced at high SAR levels, the body core temperature is being kept constant by the energy uptake from the RF-EMF exposure which is able to physiologically compensate for the reduced metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Taberski
- a School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|