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Vital Júnior AC, da Silva MB, Monteiro SS, Pasquali MADB. The Therapeutic Potential of Harpagophytum procumbens and Turnera subulata and Advances in Nutraceutical Delivery Systems in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:660. [PMID: 38794230 PMCID: PMC11125440 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article covers the therapeutic potential of the plants Harpagophytum procumbens and Turnera subulata in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the recognition of their beneficial properties, there is notable shortage of specific clinical and in vitro studies on these species regarding neurodegenerative diseases. Compounds such as harpagosides and vite-xin-2-O-rhamnoside, found in Harpagophytum procumbens and Turnera subulata, respectively, as well as other antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, are associated with mechanisms of action that involve reducing oxidative stress and modulating the inflammatory response, indicating their therapeutic potential in these pathologies. Additionally, the use of nutraceuticals derived from medicinal plants has emerged as a promising approach, offering natural therapeutic alternatives. However, the pressing need for studies focusing on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and pharmacological interactions of these extracts for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is emphasized. This review also evaluated advances in nutraceutical delivery systems, highlighting technological innovations that can optimize the precise delivery of these compounds to patients. Such findings highlight the gaps in the study of these plants for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and, at the same time, the potential for opening new perspectives in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, providing expectations for innovative solutions in this critical domain of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carlos Vital Júnior
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - Mikaelly Batista da Silva
- Center for Technology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Shênia Santos Monteiro
- Center for Technology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus Augusto de Bittencourt Pasquali
- Post-Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-900, Brazil
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Trubitsina NP, Matiiv AB, Rogoza TM, Zudilova AA, Bezgina MD, Zhouravleva GA, Bondarev SA. Role of the Gut Microbiome and Bacterial Amyloids in the Development of Synucleinopathies. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:523-542. [PMID: 38648770 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Less than ten years ago, evidence began to accumulate about association between the changes in the composition of gut microbiota and development of human synucleinopathies, in particular sporadic form of Parkinson's disease. We collected data from more than one hundred and thirty experimental studies that reported similar results and summarized the frequencies of detection of different groups of bacteria in these studies. It is important to note that it is extremely rare that a unidirectional change in the population of one or another group of microorganisms (only an elevation or only a reduction) was detected in the patients with Parkinson's disease. However, we were able to identify several groups of bacteria that were overrepresented in the patients with Parkinson's disease in the analyzed studies. There are various hypotheses about the molecular mechanisms that explain such relationships. Usually, α-synuclein aggregation is associated with the development of inflammatory processes that occur in response to the changes in the microbiome. However, experimental evidence is accumulating on the influence of bacterial proteins, including amyloids (curli), as well as various metabolites, on the α-synuclein aggregation. In the review, we provided up-to-date information about such examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina P Trubitsina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anton B Matiiv
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Tatyana M Rogoza
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- St. Petersburg Branch of the Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Anna A Zudilova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Mariya D Bezgina
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Galina A Zhouravleva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Stanislav A Bondarev
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
- Laboratory of Amyloid Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Bhatt S, Dasgupta S, Gupta S, Sahu NP, Kumar VJR, Varghese T. Effect of sulfate on the osmoregulatory and physio-biochemical responses of GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles reared in potassium-deficient medium saline waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18636-18655. [PMID: 38351352 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The inland saline waters were continuously observed to have low potassium concentrations compared to their seawater counterpart of the same salinity. We hypothesize that the toxic effect of sulfate may manifest in low potassium saline (LPSW) waters compared to brackish water of the same salinity. Thus, LC50 trials were performed in GIFT (genetically improved farmed tilapia) fry (0.5 ± 0.02 g) to determine the acute sulfate toxicity in freshwater (FW, 0.5 g L-1), artificial seawater (ASW, 10 g L-1), and LPSW (10 g L-1). The median lethal concentrations (96h LC50) of sulfate ion in FW, LPSW, and ASW for the GIFT were 5.30 g L-1, 2.56 g L-1, and 2.98 g L-1, respectively. A second experiment was conducted for 21 days, exposing fish to a sub-lethal level of sulfate ion (SO42-) concentration (1000 mg L-1, one-fifth of FW LC50) with different types of waters (FW, freshwater, 0.5 g L-1; ASW, artificial seawater, 10 g L-1; LPSW, low potassium saline water, 10 g L-1) with and without sulfate inclusion to constitute the treatments as follows, (FW, FW + SO4, ASW, ASW + SO4, LPSW, LPSW + SO4). The effect of sulfate on GIFT reared in sulfate-rich potassium-deficient medium saline water was evaluated by focusing on the hematological adjustments, stress-induced oxidative damage, and osmoregulatory imbalances. The survival was not altered due to the sulfate concentration and K+ deficiency; however, there were significant changes in branchial NKA (Na+/K+-ATPase) activity and osmolality. The increase in NKA was highest in LPSW treatment, suggesting that internal ionic imbalance was triggered due to an interactive effect of sulfate and K+ deficiency. The cortisol levels showed a pronounced increase due to sulfate inclusion irrespective of K+ deficiency. The antioxidant enzymes, i.e., SOD (superoxide dismutase), catalase, GST (glutathione-S-transferase), and GPX (glutathione peroxidase), reflected a similar pattern of increment in the gills and liver of the LPSW + SO4 groups, suggesting a poor antioxidant status of the exposed group. The hepatic peroxidation status, i.e. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and the peroxide values were enhanced due to both K+ deficiency and sulfate inclusion, suggesting a possible lipid peroxidation in the liver due to handling the excess sulfate anion concentration. The hematological parameters, including haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, and hematocrit level, reduced significantly in the LPSW + SO4 group, indicating a reduced blood oxygen capacity due to the sulfate exposure and water potassium deficiency. The hepatic acetylcholine esterase activity was suppressed in all the treatments with sulfate inclusion, while the highest suppression was observed in the LPSW + SO4 group. Thus, it is concluded that sulfate-induced physiological imbalances manifest more in potassium-deficient water, indicating that environmental sulfate is more detrimental to inland saline water than freshwater or brackish water of the same salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Bhatt
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India, 400061
| | - Subrata Dasgupta
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India, 400061
| | - Subodh Gupta
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India, 400061
| | | | | | - Tincy Varghese
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India, 400061.
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Biase JKADA, Brech GC, Luna NMS, Iborra RT, Soares-Junior JM, Baracat EC, Greve JMD, Alonso AC, Machado-Lima A. Advanced glycation end products consumption and the decline of functional capacity in patients with Parkinson's disease: Cross-sectional study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100320. [PMID: 38301537 PMCID: PMC10844933 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) are a diverse group of highly reactive molecules that play a vital role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), leading to a decline in functional and cognitive capacity. The objective of this study was to assess the intake and quantification of AGEs in individuals with PD and to correlate them with their functional and cognitive abilities. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving 20 PD patients and 20 non-PD individuals as the Control group (C). The autofluorescence reader was used to evaluate skin AGEs, while food recall was used to quantify AGEs consumed for three different days. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Short Physical Performance Battery, and handgrip tests were used. PD patients demonstrated greater impairment in functional capacity compared to the control group. RESULTS Dominant Handgrip (p = 0.02) and motor performance, in the sit and stand test (p = 0.01) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (p = 0.01) were inferior in PD patients than the control group. Although PD patients tended to consume less AGEs than the control group, AGE intake was negatively correlated with handgrip strength in individuals with PD (r = -0.59; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION PD patients had lower strength and functional capacity, suggesting that the effects of AGEs might be exacerbated during chronic diseases like Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Carlos Brech
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory Study of Movement, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas (IOT-HC) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natália Mariana Silva Luna
- Laboratory Study of Movement, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas (IOT-HC) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Tallada Iborra
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Maria Soares-Junior
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edmund Chada Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia Maria D'Andrea Greve
- Laboratory Study of Movement, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas (IOT-HC) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Angélica Castilho Alonso
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory Study of Movement, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas (IOT-HC) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Machado-Lima
- Graduate Program in Aging Sciences, Universidade São Judas Tadeu (USJT), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory Study of Movement, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital das Clínicas (IOT-HC) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Morrone Parfitt G, Coccia E, Goldman C, Whitney K, Reyes R, Sarrafha L, Nam KH, Sohail S, Jones DR, Crary JF, Ordureau A, Blanchard J, Ahfeldt T. Disruption of lysosomal proteolysis in astrocytes facilitates midbrain organoid proteostasis failure in an early-onset Parkinson's disease model. Nat Commun 2024; 15:447. [PMID: 38200091 PMCID: PMC10781970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on biopolymers accompanies cellular aging and drives poorly understood disease processes. Here, we studied how AGEs contribute to development of early onset Parkinson's Disease (PD) caused by loss-of-function of DJ1, a protein deglycase. In induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived midbrain organoid models deficient for DJ1 activity, we find that lysosomal proteolysis is impaired, causing AGEs to accumulate, α-synuclein (α-syn) phosphorylation to increase, and proteins to aggregate. We demonstrated these processes are at least partly driven by astrocytes, as DJ1 loss reduces their capacity to provide metabolic support and triggers acquisition of a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Consistently, in co-cultures, we find that DJ1-expressing astrocytes are able to reverse the proteolysis deficits of DJ1 knockout midbrain neurons. In conclusion, astrocytes' capacity to clear toxic damaged proteins is critical to preserve neuronal function and their dysfunction contributes to the neurodegeneration observed in a DJ1 loss-of-function PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Morrone Parfitt
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Elena Coccia
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Camille Goldman
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristen Whitney
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo Reyes
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lily Sarrafha
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ki Hong Nam
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Soha Sohail
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew R Jones
- Metabolomics Core Resource Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Crary
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell-Based Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel Blanchard
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Tim Ahfeldt
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Recursion Pharmaceuticals, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Llido JP, Jayanti S, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Bilirubin and Redox Stress in Age-Related Brain Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1525. [PMID: 37627520 PMCID: PMC10451892 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular redox status has a crucial role in brain physiology, as well as in pathologic conditions. Physiologic senescence, by dysregulating cellular redox homeostasis and decreasing antioxidant defenses, enhances the central nervous system's susceptibility to diseases. The reduction of free radical accumulation through lifestyle changes, and the supplementation of antioxidants as a prophylactic and therapeutic approach to increase brain health, are strongly suggested. Bilirubin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant, with more and more recognized roles as a biomarker of disease resistance, a predictor of all-cause mortality, and a molecule that may promote health in adults. The alteration of the expression and activity of the enzymes involved in bilirubin production, as well as an altered blood bilirubin level, are often reported in neurologic conditions and neurodegenerative diseases (together denoted NCDs) in aging. These changes may predict or contribute both positively and negatively to the diseases. Understanding the role of bilirubin in the onset and progression of NCDs will be functional to consider the benefits vs. the drawbacks and to hypothesize the best strategies for its manipulation for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Llido
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Bicutan, Taguig City 1631, Philippines
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sri Jayanti
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
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Naz S, Mahmood T, Gupta R, Siddiqui MH, Ahsan F, Ansari VA, Shamim A, Rizvi AA. Clinical Manifestation of AGE-RAGE Axis in Neurodegenerative and Cognitive Impairment Disorders. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023. [PMID: 37040870 DOI: 10.1055/a-2004-3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The receptor of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) and Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGE) have multiple functions in our body and their restraint are being observed in neurodegenerative and memory impairment disorders. The review of different pathways allows an understanding of the probable mechanism of neurodegeneration and memory impairment involving RAGE and AGE. Commonly we observe AGE accumulation in neural cells and tissues but the extent of accumulation increases with the presence of memory impairment disorder. The presence of AGEs can also be seen in morbid accumulation, pathological structures in the form of amyloid clots, and nervous fibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and memory impairment disease.Many neuropathological and biochemical aspects of AD are explained by AGEs, including widespread protein crosslinking, glial activation of oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death. Oxidative stress is due to different reasons and glycation end products set in motion and form or define various actions which are normally due to AGE changes in a pathogenic cascade. By regulating the transit of ß-amyloid in and out of the brain or altering inflammatory pathways, AGE and it's ensnare receptor such as soluble RAGE may function as blockage or shield AD development. RAGE activates the transcription-controlling factor Necrosis Factor (NF-κB) and increases the protraction of cytokines, like a higher number of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) and Interleukin (IL-I) by inducing several signal transduction cascades. Furthermore, binding to RAGE can pro-activate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is popularly known to cause neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabreena Naz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Tarique Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ramesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Farogh Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vaseem Ahamad Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Arshiya Shamim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ali Abbas Rizvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lucknow, India
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Chegão A, Vicente Miranda H. Unveiling new secrets in Parkinson's disease: The glycatome. Behav Brain Res 2023; 442:114309. [PMID: 36706808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We are witnessing a considerable increase in the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD), which may be due to the general ageing of the population. While there is a plethora of therapeutic strategies for this disease, they still fail to arrest disease progression as they do not target and prevent the neurodegenerative process. The identification of disease-causing mutations allowed researchers to better dissect the underlying causes of this disease, highlighting, for example, the pathogenic role of alpha-synuclein. However, most PD cases are sporadic, which is making it hard to unveil the major causative mechanisms of this disease. In the recent years, epidemiological evidence suggest that type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals have higher risk and worst outcomes of PD, allowing to raise the hypothesis that some dysregulated processes in T2DM may contribute or even trigger the neurodegenerative process in PD. One major consequence of T2DM is the unprogrammed reaction between sugars, increased in T2DM, and proteins, a reaction named glycation. Pre-clinical reports show that alpha-synuclein is a target of glycation, and glycation potentiates its pathogenicity which contributes for the neurodegenerative process. Moreover, it triggers, anticipates, or aggravates several PD-like motor and non-motor complications. A given profile of proteins are differently glycated in diseased conditions, altering the brain proteome and leading to brain dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Herein we coin the term Glycatome as the profile of glycated proteins. In this review we report on the mechanisms underlying the association between T2DM and PD, with particular focus on the impact of protein glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Chegão
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Vicente Miranda
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Amagai R, Yoshioka S, Otomo R, Nagano H, Hashimoto N, Sakakibara R, Tanaka T, Okado-Matsumoto A. Post-translational modification of lysine residues in erythrocyte α-synuclein. J Biochem 2023; 173:177-184. [PMID: 36469357 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a protein linked to various synuclein-associated diseases ('synucleinopathies'), including Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy Bodies and multiple system atrophy, and is highly expressed in the central nervous system and in erythrocytes. Moreover, α-synuclein-containing erythrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles may be involved in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies and their progression across the blood-brain barrier. Several post-translational modifications of α-synuclein have been reported in brain inclusions, including S129 phosphorylation, but fewer have been found in erythrocytes. In this study, we analysed the post-translational modifications of erythrocyte α-synuclein using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We found that all lysine residues in the α-synuclein protein could be modified by acetylation, glycation, ubiquitination or SUMOylation but that phosphorylation, nitration and acylation were uncommon minor post-translational modifications in erythrocytes. Since the post-translational modification of lysine residues has been implicated in both membrane association and protein clearance, our findings provide new insight into how synucleinopathies may progress and suggest possible therapeutic strategies designed to target α-synuclein.
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Key Words
- Parkinson’s disease
- erythrocyte
- post-translational modification
- synucleinopathy
- α-synuclein.Abbreviations: aa, amino acids; AGE, advanced glycation end product; BBB, blood–brain barrier; CML, Nε-(1-carboxymethyl)-L-lysine; CNS, central nervous system; EVs, extracellular vesicles; IP, immunoprecipitation; LC–MS/MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PTM, post-translational modification; SUMO, small ubiquitin-related modifier
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Amagai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Sakura Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Riki Otomo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nagano
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naoko Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ryuji Sakakibara
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sakura Medical Center, Toho University, Sakura, Chiba 285-8741, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ayako Okado-Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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10
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Zong Q, Pan Y, Liu Y, Wu Z, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Ma K. pNaktide mitigates inflammation-induced neuronal damage and behavioral deficits through the oxidative stress pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109727. [PMID: 36689848 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is closely related to the etiology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease and Alzheimer disease. pNaktide, an Src inhibitor, exerts antioxidant effects by mimicking Na/K-ATPase. It has been verified that its anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation ability could be embodied in obesity, steatohepatitis, uremic cardiomyopathy, aging, and prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of pNaktide in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced behavioral damage, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damage. We found that pNaktide improved anxiety, memory, and motor deficits. pNaktide inhibited MAPK and NF-κB pathways induced by TLR4 activation, inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, complement factors, and chemokines. pNaktide inhibited the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 antioxidant stress pathways by LPS and reduced the level of oxidative stress. Inhibition of autophagy and enhancement of apoptosis induced by LPS were also alleviated by pNaktide, which restored LPS-induced injury to newborn neurons in the hippocampus region. In summary, pNaktide attenuates neuroinflammation, reduces the level of oxidative stress, has neuroprotective effects, and may be used for the treatment of neuroinflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglan Zong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yongfang Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Zhengcun Wu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Zhangqiong Huang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
| | - Kaili Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
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11
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Koerich S, Parreira GM, de Almeida DL, Vieira RP, de Oliveira ACP. Receptors for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE): Promising Targets Aiming at the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Conditions. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:219-234. [PMID: 36154605 PMCID: PMC10190138 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220922153903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds formed after the non-enzymatic addition of reducing sugars to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They are associated with the development of various clinical complications observed in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and others. In addition, compelling evidence indicates that these molecules participate in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Multiple cellular and molecular alterations triggered by AGEs that could alter homeostasis have been identified. One of the main targets for AGE signaling is the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Importantly, this receptor is the target of not only AGEs, but also amyloid β peptides, HMGB1 (high-mobility group box-1), members of the S100 protein family, and glycosaminoglycans. The activation of this receptor induces intracellular signaling cascades that are involved in pathological processes and cell death. Therefore, RAGE represents a key target for pharmacological interventions in neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss the various effects of AGEs and RAGE activation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the currently available pharmacological tools and promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suélyn Koerich
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Machado Parreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Pinto Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
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12
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Gelain DP, Bittencourt RR, Bastos Mendes LF, Moreira JCF, Outeiro TF. RAGE Against the Glycation Machine in Synucleinopathies: Time to Explore New Questions. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:717-728. [PMID: 37270812 PMCID: PMC10473104 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oligomerization and aggregation of misfolded forms of α-synuclein are believed to be key molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, so extensive research has attempted to understand these processes. Among diverse post-translational modifications that impact α-synuclein aggregation, glycation may take place at several lysine sites and modify α-synuclein oligomerization, toxicity, and clearance. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is considered a key regulator of chronic neuroinflammation through microglial activation in response to advanced glycation end products, such as carboxy-ethyl-lysine, or carboxy-methyl-lysine. The presence of RAGE in the midbrain of PD patients has been reported in the last decades and this receptor was proposed to have a role in sustaining PD neuroinflammation. However, different PD animal models demonstrated that RAGE is preferentially expressed in neurons and astrocytes, while recent evidence demonstrated that fibrillar, non-glycated α-synuclein binds to RAGE. Here, we summarize the available data on α-synuclein glycation and RAGE in the context of PD, and discuss about the questions yet to be answered that may increase our understanding of the molecular bases of PD and synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Pens Gelain
- Center for Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Reykla Ramon Bittencourt
- Center for Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz Filipe Bastos Mendes
- Center for Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Claudio Fonseca Moreira
- Center for Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Natural Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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13
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The Proteome of Neuromelanin Granules in Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223538. [PMID: 36428966 PMCID: PMC9688080 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromelanin granules (NMGs) are organelle-like structures present in the human substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition to neuromelanin, NMGs contain proteins, lipids and metals. As NMG-containing dopaminergic neurons are preferentially lost in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), it is assumed that NMGs may play a role in neurodegenerative processes. Until now, this role is not completely understood and needs further investigation. We therefore set up an exploratory proteomic study to identify differences in the proteomic profile of NMGs from DLB patients (n = 5) compared to healthy controls (CTRL, n = 5). We applied a laser microdissection and mass-spectrometry-based approach, in which we used targeted mass spectrometric experiments for validation. In NMG-surrounding (SNSurr.) tissue of DLB patients, we found evidence for ongoing oxidative damage and an impairment of protein degradation. As a potentially disease-related mechanism, we found α-synuclein and protein S100A9 to be enriched in NMGs of DLB cases, while the abundance of several ribosomal proteins was significantly decreased. As S100A9 is known to be able to enhance the formation of toxic α-synuclein fibrils, this finding points towards an involvement of NMGs in pathogenesis, however the exact role of NMGs as either neuroprotective or neurotoxic needs to be further investigated. Nevertheless, our study provides evidence for an impairment of protein degradation, ongoing oxidative damage and accumulation of potentially neurotoxic protein aggregates to be central mechanisms of neurodegeneration in DLB.
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14
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Peng W, Kobeissy F, Mondello S, Barsa C, Mechref Y. MS-based glycomics: An analytical tool to assess nervous system diseases. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1000179. [PMID: 36408389 PMCID: PMC9671362 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases affect millions of peopleochemistryorldwide and are continuously increasing due to the globe's aging population. Such diseases affect the nervous system and are characterized by a progressive decline in brain function and progressive cognitive impairment, decreasing the quality of life for those with the disease as well as for their families and loved ones. The increased burden of nervous system diseases demands a deeper insight into the biomolecular mechanisms at work during disease development in order to improve clinical diagnosis and drug design. Recently, evidence has related glycosylation to nervous system diseases. Glycosylation is a vital post-translational modification that mediates many biological functions, and aberrant glycosylation has been associated with a variety of diseases. Thus, the investigation of glycosylation in neurological diseases could provide novel biomarkers and information for disease pathology. During the last decades, many techniques have been developed for facilitation of reliable and efficient glycomic analysis. Among these, mass spectrometry (MS) is considered the most powerful tool for glycan analysis due to its high resolution, high sensitivity, and the ability to acquire adequate structural information for glycan identification. Along with MS, a variety of approaches and strategies are employed to enhance the MS-based identification and quantitation of glycans in neurological samples. Here, we review the advanced glycomic tools used in nervous system disease studies, including separation techniques prior to MS, fragmentation techniques in MS, and corresponding strategies. The glycan markers in common clinical nervous system diseases discovered by utilizing such MS-based glycomic tools are also summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Chloe Barsa
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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15
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Davis J, Kolaski E, Babcock DT. Vexed mutations promote degeneration of dopaminergic neurons through excessive activation of the innate immune response. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:147. [PMID: 36323700 PMCID: PMC9630459 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the brain. However, little is known about why DA neurons are selectively vulnerable to PD. We previously completed a screen identifying genes associated with the progressive degeneration of DA neurons. Here we describe the role of a previously uncharacterized gene, CG42339, in the loss of DA neurons using Drosophila Melanogaster. CG42339 mutants display a progressive loss of DA neurons and locomotor dysfunction, along with an accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the brain. Based on this phenotype, we refer to CG42339 as vexed. We demonstrate that vexed is specifically required within cortex glia to maintain neuronal viability. Loss of vexed function results in excessive activation of the innate immune response in the brain, leading to loss of DA neurons. We show that activation of the innate immune response leads to increased nitric oxide signaling and accumulation of AGEs, which ultimately result in neurodegeneration. These results provide further insight into the relationship between the role of the immune response in the central nervous system and how this impacts neuronal viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Davis
- grid.259029.50000 0004 1936 746XDepartment of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA USA
| | - Elizabeth Kolaski
- grid.259029.50000 0004 1936 746XDepartment of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA USA
| | - Daniel T. Babcock
- grid.259029.50000 0004 1936 746XDepartment of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA USA
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16
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Hassan SSU, Samanta S, Dash R, Karpiński TM, Habibi E, Sadiq A, Ahmadi A, Bungau S. The neuroprotective effects of fisetin, a natural flavonoid in neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on the role of oxidative stress. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015835. [PMID: 36299900 PMCID: PMC9589363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) disrupts the chemical integrity of macromolecules and increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Fisetin is a flavonoid that exhibits potent antioxidant properties and protects the cells against OS. We have viewed the NCBI database, PubMed, Science Direct (Elsevier), Springer-Nature, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar databases to search and collect relevant articles during the preparation of this review. The search keywords are OS, neurodegenerative diseases, fisetin, etc. High level of ROS in the brain tissue decreases ATP levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential and induces lipid peroxidation, chronic inflammation, DNA damage, and apoptosis. The subsequent results are various neuronal diseases. Fisetin is a polyphenolic compound, commonly present in dietary ingredients. The antioxidant properties of this flavonoid diminish oxidative stress, ROS production, neurotoxicity, neuro-inflammation, and neurological disorders. Moreover, it maintains the redox profiles, and mitochondrial functions and inhibits NO production. At the molecular level, fisetin regulates the activity of PI3K/Akt, Nrf2, NF-κB, protein kinase C, and MAPK pathways to prevent OS, inflammatory response, and cytotoxicity. The antioxidant properties of fisetin protect the neural cells from inflammation and apoptotic degeneration. Thus, it can be used in the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Syed Shams ul Hassan, ; Amirhossein Ahmadi, ; Simona Bungau,
| | - Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Emran Habibi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran,*Correspondence: Syed Shams ul Hassan, ; Amirhossein Ahmadi, ; Simona Bungau,
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania,*Correspondence: Syed Shams ul Hassan, ; Amirhossein Ahmadi, ; Simona Bungau,
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17
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Long H, Zhang S, Zeng S, Tong Y, Liu J, Liu C, Li D. Interaction of RAGE with α-synuclein fibrils mediates inflammatory response of microglia. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111401. [PMID: 36130498 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation, both as pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD), crosstalk to exacerbate degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and PD progression. However, the mechanism underlying their interaction is poorly understood, which obstructs effective therapeutic inhibition of α-syn-induced neuroinflammation. Here, we initiate from structure-based interaction predictions and find that receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) serves as a receptor of α-syn fibrils on microglia. Results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mutagenesis validate that the V domain of RAGE that contains an alkaline surface can bind with acidic C-terminal residues of α-syn. Furthermore, the binding of α-syn fibrils with RAGE induces neuroinflammation, which is blocked by both genetic depletion of RAGE and inhibitor FPS-ZM1. Our work shows the important role, as well as the structural mechanism, of RAGE in mediating the inflammatory response of microglia to α-syn fibrils, which may help to establish effective therapeutic strategies to alleviate α-syn-induced neuroinflammation and neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houfang Long
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuyi Zeng
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yilun Tong
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dan Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; WLA Laboratories, World Laureates Association, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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18
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Reich N, Hölscher C. The neuroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: An in-depth review. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:970925. [PMID: 36117625 PMCID: PMC9475012 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.970925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatment available for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (AD and PD) and that includes the highly controversial approval of the Aβ-targeting antibody aducanumab for the treatment of AD. Hence, there is still an unmet need for a neuroprotective drug treatment in both AD and PD. Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for both AD and PD. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone and growth factor that has shown neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies, and the success of GLP-1 mimetics in phase II clinical trials in AD and PD has raised new hope. GLP-1 mimetics are currently on the market as treatments for type 2 diabetes. GLP-1 analogs are safe, well tolerated, resistant to desensitization and well characterized in the clinic. Herein, we review the existing evidence and illustrate the neuroprotective pathways that are induced following GLP-1R activation in neurons, microglia and astrocytes. The latter include synaptic protection, improvements in cognition, learning and motor function, amyloid pathology-ameliorating properties (Aβ, Tau, and α-synuclein), the suppression of Ca2+ deregulation and ER stress, potent anti-inflammatory effects, the blockage of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis pathways, enhancements in the neuronal insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism, functional improvements in autophagy and mitophagy, elevated BDNF and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) synthesis as well as neurogenesis. The many beneficial features of GLP-1R and GLP-1/GIPR dual agonists encourage the development of novel drug treatments for AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Reich
- Biomedical and Life Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Niklas Reich,
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Neurology Department, Second Associated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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The association between urinary pentosidine levels and cognition in drug-naïve patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:6323-6328. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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De Masi R, Orlando S. GANAB and N-Glycans Substrates Are Relevant in Human Physiology, Polycystic Pathology and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7373. [PMID: 35806376 PMCID: PMC9266668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are one of the four fundamental macromolecular components of living matter, and they are highly regulated in the cell. Their functions are metabolic, structural and modulatory. In particular, ER resident N-glycans participate with the Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 highly conserved sequence, in protein folding process, where the physiological balance between glycosylation/deglycosylation on the innermost glucose residue takes place, according GANAB/UGGT concentration ratio. However, under abnormal conditions, the cell adapts to the glucose availability by adopting an aerobic or anaerobic regimen of glycolysis, or to external stimuli through internal or external recognition patterns, so it responds to pathogenic noxa with unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR can affect Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and several neurological and metabolic diseases via the BiP stress sensor, resulting in ATF6, PERK and IRE1 activation. Furthermore, the abnormal GANAB expression has been observed in MS, systemic lupus erythematous, male germinal epithelium and predisposed highly replicating cells of the kidney tubules and bile ducts. The latter is the case of Polycystic Liver Disease (PCLD) and Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD), where genetically induced GANAB loss affects polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), resulting in altered protein quality control and cyst formation phenomenon. Our topics resume the role of glycans in cell physiology, highlighting the N-glycans one, as a substrate of GANAB, which is an emerging key molecule in MS and other human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Masi
- Complex Operative Unit of Neurology, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy;
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania Orlando
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
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21
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The role of NURR1 in metabolic abnormalities of Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:46. [PMID: 35761385 PMCID: PMC9235236 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A constant metabolism and energy supply are crucial to all organs, particularly the brain. Age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), are associated with alterations in cellular metabolism. These changes have been recognized as a novel hot topic that may provide new insights to help identify risk in the pre-symptomatic phase of the disease, understand disease pathogenesis, track disease progression, and determine critical endpoints. Nuclear receptor-related factor 1 (NURR1), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of PD, and changes in NURR1 expression can have a detrimental effect on cellular metabolism. In this review, we discuss recent evidence that suggests a vital role of NURR1 in dopaminergic (DAergic) neuron development and the pathogenesis of PD. The association between NURR1 and cellular metabolic abnormalities and its implications for PD therapy have been further highlighted.
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22
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De Iuliis A, Montinaro E, Fatati G, Plebani M, Colosimo C. Diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease: dangerous liaisons between insulin and dopamine. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:523-533. [PMID: 34380882 PMCID: PMC8504381 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease has been described in several epidemiological studies over the 1960s to date. Molecular studies have shown the possible functional link between insulin and dopamine, as there is strong evidence demonstrating the action of dopamine in pancreatic islets, as well as the insulin effects on feeding and cognition through central nervous system mechanism, largely independent of glucose utilization. Therapies used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus appear to be promising candidates for symptomatic and/or disease-modifying action in neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, while an old dopamine agonist, bromocriptine, has been repositioned for the type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. This review will aim at reappraising the different studies that have highlighted the dangerous liaisons between diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ennio Montinaro
- Department of Neurology, Santa Maria University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | | | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine-DiMED, University of Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine-DiMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Colosimo
- Department of Neurology, Santa Maria University Hospital, Terni, Italy
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Glycation modulates alpha-synuclein fibrillization kinetics: a sweet spot for inhibition. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101848. [PMID: 35314196 PMCID: PMC9034100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation is a nonenzymatic posttranslational modification (PTM) known to be increased in the brains of hyperglycemic patients. Alpha-synuclein (αSN), a central player in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease, can be glycated at lysine residues, thereby reducing αSN fibril formation in vitro and modulating αSN aggregation in cells. However, the molecular basis for these effects is unclear. To elucidate this, we investigated the aggregation of αSN modified by eight glycating agents, namely the dicarbonyl compound methylglyoxal (MGO) and the sugars ribose, fructose, mannose, glucose, galactose, sucrose, and lactose. We found that MGO and ribose modify αSN to the greatest extent, and these glycation products are the most efficient inhibitors of fibril formation. We show glycation primarily inhibits elongation rather than nucleation of αSN and has only a modest effect on the level of oligomerization. Furthermore, glycated αSN is not significantly incorporated into fibrils. For both MGO and ribose, we discovered that a level of ∼5 modifications per αSN is optimal for inhibition of elongation. The remaining sugars showed a weak but optimal inhibition at ∼2 modifications per αSN. We propose that this optimal level balances the affinity for the growing ends of the fibril (which decreases with the extent of modification) with the ability to block incorporation of subsequent αSN subunits (which increases with modification). Our results are not only relevant for other αSN PTMs but also for understanding PTMs affecting other fibrillogenic proteins and may thus open novel avenues for therapeutic intervention in protein aggregation disorders.
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24
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Collins AE, Saleh TM, Kalisch BE. Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020213. [PMID: 35204096 PMCID: PMC8868221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will double by the year 2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not prevent, delay the progression of, or cure the disease. Interestingly, a shared characteristic of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases and disorders is oxidative stress. Despite profound evidence supporting the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, none of the currently available treatment options address oxidative stress. Recently, attention has been placed on the use of antioxidants to mitigate the effects of oxidative stress in the central nervous system. In preclinical studies utilizing cellular and animal models, natural antioxidants showed therapeutic promise when administered alone or in combination with other compounds. More recently, the concept of combination antioxidant therapy has been explored as a novel approach to preventing and treating neurodegenerative conditions that present with oxidative stress as a contributing factor. In this review, the relationship between oxidative stress and AD pathology and the neuroprotective role of natural antioxidants from natural sources are discussed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of natural antioxidants as preventatives and/or treatment for AD is examined, with special attention paid to natural antioxidant combinations and conjugates that are currently being investigated in human clinical trials.
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25
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Cheng C, Gao Y, Gai C, Feng W, Yang L, Ma H, Feng J, Guo Z, Zhang J, Zhang S, Sun H. Mechanism of mitochondrial protection by Buyinqianzheng formula in a Parkin overexpression cell model. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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26
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Kinscherf NA, Pehar M. Role and Therapeutic Potential of RAGE Signaling in Neurodegeneration. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1191-1209. [PMID: 35702767 PMCID: PMC9589927 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220610171005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been shown to play an active role in the development of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Although originally identified as a receptor for advanced glycation end products, RAGE is a pattern recognition receptor able to bind multiple ligands. The final outcome of RAGE signaling is defined in a context and cell type specific manner and can exert both neurotoxic and neuroprotective functions. Contributing to the complexity of the RAGE signaling network, different RAGE isoforms with distinctive signaling capabilities have been described. Moreover, multiple RAGE ligands bind other receptors and RAGE antagonism can significantly affect their signaling. Here, we discuss the outcome of celltype specific RAGE signaling in neurodegenerative pathologies. In addition, we will review the different approaches that have been developed to target RAGE signaling and their therapeutic potential. A clear understanding of the outcome of RAGE signaling in a cell type- and disease-specific manner would contribute to advancing the development of new therapies targeting RAGE. The ability to counteract RAGE neurotoxic signaling while preserving its neuroprotective effects would be critical for the success of novel therapies targeting RAGE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Alexander Kinscherf
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mariana Pehar
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, WI, USA
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27
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Therapeutic applications of mitochondrial transplantation. Biochimie 2022; 195:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Atieh TB, Roth J, Yang X, Hoop CL, Baum J. DJ-1 Acts as a Scavenger of α-Synuclein Oligomers and Restores Monomeric Glycated α-Synuclein. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101466. [PMID: 34680099 PMCID: PMC8533443 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycation of α-synuclein (αSyn), as occurs with aging, has been linked to the progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) through the promotion of advanced glycation end-products and the formation of toxic oligomers that cannot be properly cleared from neurons. DJ-1, an antioxidative protein that plays a critical role in PD pathology, has been proposed to repair glycation in proteins, yet a mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we integrate solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques to characterize glycated N-terminally acetylated-αSyn (glyc-ac-αSyn) and its interaction with DJ-1. Glycation of ac-αSyn by methylglyoxal increases oligomer formation, as visualized by AFM in solution, resulting in decreased dynamics of the monomer amide backbone around the Lys residues, as measured using NMR. Upon addition of DJ-1, this NMR signature of glyc-ac-αSyn monomers reverts to a native ac-αSyn-like character. This phenomenon is reversible upon removal of DJ-1 from the solution. Using relaxation-based NMR, we have identified the binding site on DJ-1 for glycated and native ac-αSyn as the catalytic pocket and established that the oxidation state of the catalytic cysteine is imperative for binding. Based on our results, we propose a novel mechanism by which DJ-1 scavenges glyc-ac-αSyn oligomers without chemical deglycation, suppresses glyc-ac-αSyn monomer–oligomer interactions, and releases free glyc-ac-αSyn monomers in solution. The interference of DJ-1 with ac-αSyn oligomers may promote free ac-αSyn monomer in solution and suppress the propagation of toxic oligomer and fibril species. These results expand the understanding of the role of DJ-1 in PD pathology by acting as a scavenger for aggregated αSyn.
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29
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Current Trends in Neurodegeneration: Cross Talks between Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147432. [PMID: 34299052 PMCID: PMC8306752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is highly complex and comprises a variety of living cells and extracellular material, which forms tissues, organs, and organ systems. Human cells tend to turn over readily to maintain homeostasis in tissues. However, postmitotic nerve cells exceptionally have an ability to regenerate and be sustained for the entire life of an individual, to safeguard the physiological functioning of the central nervous system. For efficient functioning of the CNS, neuronal death is essential, but extreme loss of neurons diminishes the functioning of the nervous system and leads to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases range from acute to chronic severe life-altering conditions like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Millions of individuals worldwide are suffering from neurodegenerative disorders with little or negligible treatment available, thereby leading to a decline in their quality of life. Neuropathological studies have identified a series of factors that explain the etiology of neuronal degradation and its progression in neurodegenerative disease. The onset of neurological diseases depends on a combination of factors that causes a disruption of neurons, such as environmental, biological, physiological, and genetic factors. The current review highlights some of the major pathological factors responsible for neuronal degradation, such as oxidative stress, cell death, and neuroinflammation. All these factors have been described in detail to enhance the understanding of their mechanisms and target them for disease management.
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30
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Tian R, Abarientos A, Hong J, Hashemi SH, Yan R, Dräger N, Leng K, Nalls MA, Singleton AB, Xu K, Faghri F, Kampmann M. Genome-wide CRISPRi/a screens in human neurons link lysosomal failure to ferroptosis. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1020-1034. [PMID: 34031600 PMCID: PMC8254803 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics provide a systematic map of gene expression in different human cell types. The next challenge is to systematically understand cell-type-specific gene function. The integration of CRISPR-based functional genomics and stem cell technology enables the scalable interrogation of gene function in differentiated human cells. Here we present the first genome-wide CRISPR interference and CRISPR activation screens in human neurons. We uncover pathways controlling neuronal response to chronic oxidative stress, which is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Unexpectedly, knockdown of the lysosomal protein prosaposin strongly sensitizes neurons, but not other cell types, to oxidative stress by triggering the formation of lipofuscin, a hallmark of aging, which traps iron, generating reactive oxygen species and triggering ferroptosis. We also determine transcriptomic changes in neurons after perturbation of genes linked to neurodegenerative diseases. To enable the systematic comparison of gene function across different human cell types, we establish a data commons named CRISPRbrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Tian
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Anthony Abarientos
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason Hong
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sayed Hadi Hashemi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nina Dräger
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kun Leng
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Faraz Faghri
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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31
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Sirangelo I, Iannuzzi C. Understanding the Role of Protein Glycation in the Amyloid Aggregation Process. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126609. [PMID: 34205510 PMCID: PMC8235188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein function and flexibility is directly related to the native distribution of its structural elements and any alteration in protein architecture leads to several abnormalities and accumulation of misfolded proteins. This phenomenon is associated with a range of increasingly common human disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, type II diabetes, and a number of systemic amyloidosis characterized by the accumulation of amyloid aggregates both in the extracellular space of tissues and as intracellular deposits. Post-translational modifications are known to have an active role in the in vivo amyloid aggregation as able to affect protein structure and dynamics. Among them, a key role seems to be played by non-enzymatic glycation, the most unwanted irreversible modification of the protein structure, which strongly affects long-living proteins throughout the body. This study provided an overview of the molecular effects induced by glycation on the amyloid aggregation process of several protein models associated with misfolding diseases. In particular, we analyzed the role of glycation on protein folding, kinetics of amyloid formation, and amyloid cytotoxicity in order to shed light on the role of this post-translational modification in the in vivo amyloid aggregation process.
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32
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Dietary intake and plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in early-stage Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12489. [PMID: 34127758 PMCID: PMC8203700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are important for neuronal function and may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated the correlation between dietary intake and plasma concentrations of PUFA and their associations with clinical severity in early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD). In a case–control study with 38 patients with PD and 33 controls, we assessed dietary intake using food frequency questionnaires and simultaneously measured the plasma levels of five PUFA. No differences were observed in dietary total energy and lipid intake, including PUFA, between patients with PD and controls. However, α-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) plasma levels were lower in patients with PD. The association between dietary intake and plasma PUFA concentrations was not significant in patients with PD. ALA and LA plasma levels were inversely correlated with motor severity in patients with PD, while docosahexaenoic acid and AA plasma levels were positively correlated with non-motor symptoms after controlling for age and sex.
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33
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Behl T, Kaur G, Sehgal A, Zengin G, Singh S, Ahmadi A, Bungau S. Flavonoids, the Family of Plant-derived Antioxidants making inroads into Novel Therapeutic Design against IR-induced Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:324-343. [PMID: 34030619 PMCID: PMC9413797 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210524152817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ionizing radiation from telluric sources is unceasingly an unprotected pitfall to humans. Thus, the foremost contributors to human exposure are global and medical radiations. Various evidences assembled during preceding years reveal the pertinent role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in the progression of neurodegenerative insults, such as Parkinson’s disease, which have been contributing to increased proliferation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Objective: This review delineates the role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease and proposes novel therapeutic interventions of flavonoid family, offering effective management and slowing down the progression of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Published papers were searched in MEDLINE, PubMed, etc., published to date for in-depth database collection. Results: The oxidative damage may harm the non-targeted cells. It can also modulate the functions of the central nervous system, such as protein misfolding, mitochondria dysfunction, increased levels of oxidized lipids, and dopaminergic cell death, which accelerate the progression of Parkinson’s disease at the molecular, cellular, or tissue levels. In Parkinson’s disease, reactive oxygen species exacerbate the production of nitric oxides and superoxides by activated microglia, rendering death of dopaminergic neuronal cell through different mechanisms. Conclusion: Rising interest has extensively engrossed in the clinical trial designs based on the plant-derived family of antioxidants. They are known to exert multifarious impact on neuroprotection via directly suppressing ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production or indirectly increasing the dopamine levels and activating the glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University Campus, Konya, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari. Iran
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea. Romania
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34
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Overview of the Neuroprotective Effects of the MAO-Inhibiting Antidepressant Phenelzine. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:225-242. [PMID: 33839994 PMCID: PMC8732914 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenelzine (PLZ) is a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-inhibiting antidepressant with anxiolytic properties. This multifaceted drug has a number of pharmacological and neurochemical effects in addition to inhibition of MAO, and findings on these effects have contributed to a body of evidence indicating that PLZ also has neuroprotective/neurorescue properties. These attributes are reviewed in this paper and include catabolism to the active metabolite β-phenylethylidenehydrazine (PEH) and effects of PLZ and PEH on the GABA-glutamate balance in brain, sequestration of reactive aldehydes, and inhibition of primary amine oxidase. Also discussed are the encouraging findings of the effects of PLZ in animal models of stroke, spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis, as well other actions such as reduction of nitrative stress, reduction of the effects of a toxin on dopaminergic neurons, potential anticonvulsant actions, and effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neural cell adhesion molecules, an anti-apoptotic factor, and brain levels of ornithine and N-acetylamino acids.
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35
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Nicoletti V, Palermo G, Del Prete E, Mancuso M, Ceravolo R. Understanding the Multiple Role of Mitochondria in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders: Lesson From Genetics and Protein-Interaction Network. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636506. [PMID: 33869180 PMCID: PMC8047151 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As neurons are highly energy-demanding cell, increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria play a large role in several age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Synaptic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction have been associated with early events in the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, atypical parkinsonisms, and Huntington disease. Disruption of mitochondrial structure and dynamic is linked to increased levels of reactive oxygen species production, abnormal intracellular calcium levels, and reduced mitochondrial ATP production. However, recent research has uncovered a much more complex involvement of mitochondria in such disorders than has previously been appreciated, and a remarkable number of genes and proteins that contribute to the neurodegeneration cascade interact with mitochondria or affect mitochondrial function. In this review, we aim to summarize and discuss the deep interconnections between mitochondrial dysfunction and basal ganglia disorders, with an emphasis into the molecular triggers to the disease process. Understanding the regulation of mitochondrial pathways may be beneficial in finding pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions to delay the onset of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nicoletti
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Del Prete
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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36
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The Advanced Lipoxidation End-Product Malondialdehyde-Lysine in Aging and Longevity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111132. [PMID: 33203089 PMCID: PMC7696601 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonenzymatic adduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) to the protein amino groups leads to the formation of malondialdehyde-lysine (MDALys). The degree of unsaturation of biological membranes and the intracellular oxidative conditions are the main factors that modulate MDALys formation. The low concentration of this modification in the different cellular components, found in a wide diversity of tissues and animal species, is indicative of the presence of a complex network of cellular protection mechanisms that avoid its cytotoxic effects. In this review, we will focus on the chemistry of this lipoxidation-derived protein modification, the specificity of MDALys formation in proteins, the methodology used for its detection and quantification, the MDA-lipoxidized proteome, the metabolism of MDA-modified proteins, and the detrimental effects of this protein modification. We also propose that MDALys is an indicator of the rate of aging based on findings which demonstrate that (i) MDALys accumulates in tissues with age, (ii) the lower the concentration of MDALys the greater the longevity of the animal species, and (iii) its concentration is attenuated by anti-aging nutritional and pharmacological interventions.
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37
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Gilmozzi V, Gentile G, Castelo Rueda MP, Hicks AA, Pramstaller PP, Zanon A, Lévesque M, Pichler I. Interaction of Alpha-Synuclein With Lipids: Mitochondrial Cardiolipin as a Critical Player in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:578993. [PMID: 33122994 PMCID: PMC7573567 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.578993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) is a central protein in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies, a group of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although its role in neurotransmission is well established, the precise role of this protein in disease pathogenesis is still not fully understood. It is, however, widely regarded to be associated with the misfolding and accumulation of toxic intracellular aggregates. In fact, α-Syn is the most abundant protein component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, which are also characterized by a high lipid content. Lipids, the main constituents of cellular membranes, have been implicated in many aspects of PD-related processes. α-Syn interacts with membrane phospholipids and free fatty acids via its N-terminal domain, and altered lipid-protein complexes might enhance both its binding to synaptic and mitochondrial membranes and its oligomerization. Several studies have highlighted a specific interaction of α-Syn with the phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), a major constituent of mitochondrial membranes. By interacting with CL, α-Syn is able to disrupt mitochondrial membrane integrity, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, externalized CL is able to facilitate the refolding of toxic α-Syn species at the outer mitochondrial membrane. In this review, we discuss how α-Syn/lipid interactions, in particular the α-Syn/CL interaction at the mitochondrial membrane, may affect α-Syn aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction and may thus represent an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gilmozzi
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gentile
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | | | - Andrew A Hicks
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alessandra Zanon
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Martin Lévesque
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Cervo Brain Research Centre, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Irene Pichler
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
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Brás IC, König A, Outeiro TF. Glycation in Huntington's Disease: A Possible Modifier and Target for Intervention. J Huntingtons Dis 2020; 8:245-256. [PMID: 31322580 PMCID: PMC6839463 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-190366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycation is the non-enzymatic reaction between reactive dicarbonyls and amino groups, and gives rise to a variety of different reaction products known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Accumulation of AGEs on proteins is inevitable, and is associated with the aging process. Importantly, glycation is highly relevant in diabetic patients that experience periods of hyperglycemia. AGEs also play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Huntington’s disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease caused by an expansion of a CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene. The resulting expanded polyglutamine stretch in the huntingtin (HTT) protein induces its misfolding and aggregation, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. HD patients exhibit chorea and psychiatric disturbances, along with abnormalities in glucose and energy homeostasis. Interestingly, an increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been reported in HD and in other CAG triplet repeat disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying the connection between glycation and HD progression remain unclear. In this review, we explore the possible connection between glycation and proteostasis imbalances in HD, and posit that it may contribute to disease progression, possibly by accelerating protein aggregation and deposition. Finally, we review therapeutic interventions that might be able to alleviate the negative impact of glycation in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Caldeira Brás
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annekatrin König
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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39
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Zhang X, Fan Y, Luo Y, Jin L, Li S. Lipid Metabolism is the common pathologic mechanism between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's disease. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1723-1732. [PMID: 32714075 PMCID: PMC7378658 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although increasing evidence has suggested crosstalk between Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the common mechanisms between the two diseases remain unclear. The aim of our study was to characterize the interconnection between T2DM and PD by exploring their shared biological pathways and convergent molecules. The intersections among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the T2DM dataset GSE95849 and PD dataset GSE6613 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were identified as the communal DEGs between the two diseases. Then, an enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, correlation analysis, and transcription factor-target regulatory network analysis were performed for the communal DEGs. As a result, 113 communal DEGs were found between PD and T2DM. They were enriched in lipid metabolism, including protein modifications that regulate metabolism, lipid synthesis and decomposition, and the biological effects of lipid products. All these pathways and their biological processes play important roles in both diseases. Fifteen hub genes identified from the PPI network could be core molecules. Their function annotations also focused on lipid metabolism. According to the correlation analysis and the regulatory network analysis based on the 15 hub genes, Sp1 transcription factor (SP1) could be a key molecule since it affected other hub genes that participate in the common mechanisms between PD and T2DM. In conclusion, our analyses reveal that changes in lipid metabolism could be a key intersection between PD and T2DM, and that SP1 could be a key molecule regulating these processes. Our findings provide novel points for the association between PD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuping Luo
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Siguang Li
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
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40
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Neganova ME, Aleksandrova YR, Nebogatikov VO, Klochkov SG, Ustyugov AA. Promising Molecular Targets for Pharmacological Therapy of Neurodegenerative Pathologies. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:60-80. [PMID: 33173597 PMCID: PMC7604899 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.10925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has to confront numerous problems occurring, in particular, because of attempts to address only one of the causes of the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Recent advances in multitarget therapy research are gaining momentum by utilizing pharmacophores that simultaneously affect different pathological pathways in the neurodegeneration process. The application of such a therapeutic strategy not only involves the treatment of symptoms, but also mainly addresses prevention of the fundamental pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases and the reduction of cognitive abilities. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of the expression of histone deacetylases, and aggregation of pathogenic forms of proteins are among the most common and significant pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and highlight the main aspects, including reactive oxygen species, the cell endogenous antioxidant system, neuroinflammation triggers, metalloproteinases, α-synuclein, tau proteins, neuromelanin, histone deacetylases, presenilins, etc. The processes and molecular targets discussed in this review could serve as a starting point for screening leader compounds that could help prevent or slow down the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - Yu. R. Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - V. O. Nebogatikov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - S. G. Klochkov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
| | - A. A. Ustyugov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow region, Chernogolovka, 142432 Russia
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41
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Lee YH, Chung SJ, Yoo HS, Lee Y, Sohn YH, Cha J, Lee PH. Gender-specific effect of urate on white matter integrity in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 75:41-47. [PMID: 32474403 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential protective influence of serum uric acid (UA) level on white matter (WM) microstructural changes in de novo Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS We enrolled a total of 184 patients with drug-naïve de novo PD and 59 age and gender-matched controls that underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Based on the distribution, serum UA levels were stratified into tertiles in PD patients by gender. Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were used to compare WM integrity between the groups. RESULTS Interaction analysis showed that interaction effect on FA values between gender and UA levels in PD was significant in widespread WM areas, including frontal-parieto-temporal, corpus callosum, bilateral internal and external capsule, and thalamic regions. Multiple regression analysis revealed that FA values had a significantly positive correlation with UA levels across widespread WM areas in male patients. However, there was no significant correlation between DTI measures and UA levels in female patients. In a group comparison in male patients, PD with the lowest UA level (PD-L-UA) group showed significantly lower FA and higher MD and RD values in frontal-parieto-temporal WM regions than PD with the highest UA level (PD-H-UA) group. However, female patients did not show significant difference of DTI measures between PD-L-UA and PD-H-UA groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the serum UA levels may have the potentially gender-specific close relationship with WM integrity in the early stage of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yoonju Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jungho Cha
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Wang X, Sun X, Niu M, Zhang X, Wang J, Zhou C, Xie A. RAGE Silencing Ameliorates Neuroinflammation by Inhibition of p38-NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:353. [PMID: 32410941 PMCID: PMC7201072 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggested that neuroinflammation played a crucial role in dopaminergic neuronal death in Parkinson's disease (PD). The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a multi-ligand receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has been proposed as a key molecule in the onset and sustainment of the inflammatory response. Engagement of RAGE contributed to neuroinflammation by upregulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) as well as cytokines. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of RAGE in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice and elucidate the RAGE signal pathway involved in the inflammation. Results showed that RAGE protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) were upregulated in MPTP-treated mice. Further experiments showed that RAGE ablation inhibited phosphorylation of IκB and p38 and protected nigral dopaminergic neurons against cell death in the substantia nigra (SN). These results suggested that RAGE participated in the pathogenesis of PD by neuroinflammation and p38MAPK-NFκB signal pathway may be involved in the process. Moreover, interfering with RAGE signaling pathway may be a reasonable therapeutic option in slowing PD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyue Niu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Candelise N, Schmitz M, Thüne K, Cramm M, Rabano A, Zafar S, Stoops E, Vanderstichele H, Villar-Pique A, Llorens F, Zerr I. Effect of the micro-environment on α-synuclein conversion and implication in seeded conversion assays. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:5. [PMID: 31988747 PMCID: PMC6966864 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-019-0181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background α-Synuclein is a small soluble protein, whose physiological function in the healthy brain is poorly understood. Intracellular inclusions of α-synuclein, referred to as Lewy bodies (LBs), are pathological hallmarks of α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Main body Understanding of the molecular basis as well as the factors or conditions promoting α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation is an important step towards the comprehension of pathological mechanism of α-synucleinopathies and for the development of efficient therapeutic strategies. Based on the conversion and aggregation mechanism of α-synuclein, novel diagnostic tests, such as protein misfolding seeded conversion assays, e.g. the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC), had been developed. In diagnostics, α-synuclein RT-QuIC exhibits a specificity between 82 and 100% while the sensitivity varies between 70 and 100% among different laboratories. In addition, the α-synuclein RT-QuIC can be used to study the α-synuclein-seeding-characteristics of different α-synucleinopathies and to differentiate between DLB and PD. Conclusion The variable diagnostic accuracy of current α-synuclein RT-QuIC occurs due to different protocols, cohorts and material etc.. An impact of micro-environmental factors on the α-synuclein aggregation and conversion process and the occurrence and detection of differential misfolded α-synuclein types or strains might underpin the clinical heterogeneity of α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo Candelise
- 1Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Robert-Koch -Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,3Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- 1Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Robert-Koch -Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Thüne
- 1Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Robert-Koch -Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Cramm
- 1Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Robert-Koch -Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alberto Rabano
- 4Departamento de Neuropatología y Banco de Tejidos (BT-CIEN), Fundación CIEN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Centro Alzheimer Fundación Reina Sofíac, Valderrebollo n° 5, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Saima Zafar
- 1Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Robert-Koch -Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,2Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Department, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Erik Stoops
- ADx NeuroSciences, Technologiepark 4, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Anna Villar-Pique
- 1Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Robert-Koch -Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,6CIBERNED (Network center for biomedical research of neurodegenerative diseases), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Franc Llorens
- 1Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Robert-Koch -Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,6CIBERNED (Network center for biomedical research of neurodegenerative diseases), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,7Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inga Zerr
- 1Department of Neurology, University Medicine Goettingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Robert-Koch -Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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44
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Kataoka H, Sugie K. Serum adiponectin levels between patients with Parkinson’s disease and those with PSP. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1125-1131. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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45
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Palasz E, Niewiadomski W, Gasiorowska A, Wysocka A, Stepniewska A, Niewiadomska G. Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection and Recovery of Motor Function in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1143. [PMID: 31736859 PMCID: PMC6838750 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is manifested by progressive motor, autonomic, and cognitive disturbances. Dopamine (DA) synthesizing neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) degenerate, causing a decline in DA level in the striatum that leads to the characteristic movement disorders. A disease-modifying therapy to arrest PD progression remains unattainable with current pharmacotherapies, most of which cause severe side effects and lose their efficacy with time. For this reason, there is a need to seek new therapies supporting the pharmacological treatment of PD. Motor therapy is recommended for pharmacologically treated PD patients as it alleviates the symptoms. Molecular mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of motor therapy are unknown, nor is it known whether such therapy may be neuroprotective in PD patients. Due to obvious limitations, human studies are unlikely to answer these questions; therefore, the use of animal models of PD seems indispensable. Motor therapy in animal models of PD characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons has neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects, and the completeness of neuronal protection may depend on (i) degree of neuronal loss, (ii) duration and intensity of exercise, and (iii) time elapsed between insult and commencing of training. As the physical activity is neuroprotective for dopaminergic neurons, the question arises what is the mechanism of this protective action. A current hypothesis assumes a central role of neurotrophic factors in the neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons, even though it is still not clear whether increased DA level in the nigrostriatal axis results from neurogenesis of dopaminergic neurons in the SN, recovery of the phenotype of dopaminergic neurons, increased sprouting of the residual dopaminergic axons in the striatum, or generation of local striatal neurons from inhibitory interneurons. In the present review, we discuss studies describing the influence of physical exercise on the PD-like changes manifested in animal models of the disease and focus our interest on the current state of knowledge on the mechanism of neuroprotection induced by physical activity as a supportive therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Palasz
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiktor Niewiadomski
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gasiorowska
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Wysocka
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stepniewska
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
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Rizor A, Pajarillo E, Johnson J, Aschner M, Lee E. Astrocytic Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Contributes to Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis: The Dual Role of Reactive Astrocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080265. [PMID: 31374936 PMCID: PMC6719180 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide; it is characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta, but its etiology is not fully understood. Astrocytes, a class of glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), provide critical structural and metabolic support to neurons, but growing evidence reveals that astrocytic oxidative and nitrosative stress contributes to PD pathogenesis. As astrocytes play a critical role in the production of antioxidants and the detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), astrocytic oxidative/nitrosative stress has emerged as a critical mediator of the etiology of PD. Cellular stress and inflammation induce reactive astrogliosis, which initiates the production of astrocytic ROS/RNS and may lead to oxidative/nitrosative stress and PD pathogenesis. Although the cause of aberrant reactive astrogliosis is unknown, gene mutations and environmental toxicants may also contribute to astrocytic oxidative/nitrosative stress. In this review, we briefly discuss the physiological functions of astrocytes and the role of astrocytic oxidative/nitrosative stress in PD pathogenesis. Additionally, we examine the impact of PD-related genes such as α-synuclein, protein deglycase DJ-1( DJ-1), Parkin, and PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) on astrocytic function, and highlight the impact of environmental toxicants, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), rotenone, manganese, and paraquat, on astrocytic oxidative/nitrosative stress in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Rizor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA
| | - Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA
| | - James Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA.
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47
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Dicarbonyl Stress at the Crossroads of Healthy and Unhealthy Aging. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070749. [PMID: 31331077 PMCID: PMC6678343 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicarbonyl stress occurs when dicarbonyl metabolites (i.e., methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone) accumulate as a consequence of their increased production and/or decreased detoxification. This toxic condition has been associated with metabolic and age-related diseases, both of which are characterized by a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant state. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is the most reactive dicarbonyl and the one with the highest endogenous flux. It is the precursor of the major quantitative advanced glycated products (AGEs) in physiological systems, arginine-derived hydroimidazolones, which accumulate in aging and dysfunctional tissues. The aging process is characterized by a decline in the functional properties of cells, tissues and whole organs, starting from the perturbation of crucial cellular processes, including mitochondrial function, proteostasis and stress-scavenging systems. Increasing studies are corroborating the causal relationship between MGO-derived AGEs and age-related tissue dysfunction, unveiling a previously underestimated role of dicarbonyl stress in determining healthy or unhealthy aging. This review summarizes the latest evidence supporting a causal role of dicarbonyl stress in age-related diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration.
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48
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Esmaeeli S, Murphy K, Swords GM, Ibrahim BA, Brown JW, Llano DA. Visual hallucinations, thalamocortical physiology and Lewy body disease: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:337-351. [PMID: 31195000 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the core diagnostic criteria for Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is the presence of visual hallucinations. The presence of hallucinations, along with fluctuations in the level of arousal and sleep disturbance, point to potential pathological mechanisms at the level of the thalamus. However, the potential role of thalamic dysfunction in DLB, particularly as it relates to the presence of formed visual hallucinations is not known. Here, we review the literature on the pathophysiology of DLB with respect to modern theories of thalamocortical function and attempt to derive an understanding of how such hallucinations arise. Based on the available literature, we propose that combined thalamic-thalamic reticular nucleus and thalamocortical pathology may explain the phenomenology of visual hallucinations in DLB. In particular, diminished α7 cholinergic activity in the thalamic reticular nucleus may critically disinhibit thalamocortical activity. Further, concentrated pathological changes within the posterior regions of the thalamus may explain the predilection for the hallucinations to be visual in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shooka Esmaeeli
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kathleen Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Gabriel M Swords
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Baher A Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel A Llano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Carle Neuroscience Institute, Urbana, IL, United States.
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MacLean M, Derk J, Ruiz HH, Juranek JK, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and DIAPH1: Implications for vascular and neuroinflammatory dysfunction in disorders of the central nervous system. Neurochem Int 2019; 126:154-164. [PMID: 30902646 PMCID: PMC10976457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) is expressed by multiple cell types in the brain and spinal cord that are linked to the pathogenesis of neurovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, including neurons, glia (microglia and astrocytes) and vascular cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and pericytes). Mounting structural and functional evidence implicates the interaction of the RAGE cytoplasmic domain with the formin, Diaphanous1 (DIAPH1), as the key cytoplasmic hub for RAGE ligand-mediated activation of cellular signaling. In aging and diabetes, the ligands of the receptor abound, both in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the periphery. Such accumulation of RAGE ligands triggers multiple downstream events, including upregulation of RAGE itself. Once set in motion, cell intrinsic and cell-cell communication mechanisms, at least in part via RAGE, trigger dysfunction in the CNS. A key outcome of endothelial dysfunction is reduction in cerebral blood flow and increased permeability of the blood brain barrier, conditions that facilitate entry of activated leukocytes into the CNS, thereby amplifying primary nodes of CNS cellular stress. This contribution details a review of the ligands of RAGE, the mechanisms and consequences of RAGE signal transduction, and cites multiple examples of published work in which RAGE contributes to the pathogenesis of neurovascular perturbation. Insights into potential therapeutic modalities targeting the RAGE signal transduction axis for disorders of CNS vascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael MacLean
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Julia Derk
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Henry H Ruiz
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Judyta K Juranek
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From a Mitochondrial Point of View. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2105607. [PMID: 31210837 PMCID: PMC6532273 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age is the main risk factor for a number of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which increasing numbers of elderly individuals suffer. These pathological conditions are characterized by progressive loss of neuron cells, compromised motor or cognitive functions, and accumulation of abnormally aggregated proteins. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the main features of the aging process, particularly in organs requiring a high-energy source such as the heart, muscles, brain, or liver. Neurons rely almost exclusively on the mitochondria, which produce the energy required for most of the cellular processes, including synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter synthesis. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress and damage, because of its high oxygen consumption, low antioxidant defenses, and high content of polyunsaturated fats very prone to be oxidized. Thus, it is not surprising the importance of protecting systems, including antioxidant defenses, to maintain neuronal integrity and survival. Here, we review the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the aging process, with a specific focus on neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involving mitochondria and oxidative stress in the aging and neurodegeneration may help to identify new strategies for improving the health and extending lifespan.
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