1
|
Mann RH, Clift BC, Day J, Barker AR. Co-creation of injury prevention measures for competitive adolescent distance runners: knowledge, behavior, and needs of athletes and coaches enrolled on England Athletics' Youth Talent Programme. Ann Med 2024; 56:2334907. [PMID: 38599225 PMCID: PMC11008313 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2334907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the knowledge, behavior, and needs of competitive adolescent (16-18 years) distance runners and distance running coaches enrolled as part of England Athletics' Youth Talent Programme in relation to the prevention of running-related injury (RRI). Two online surveys were developed and distributed to the distance runners (survey one) and coaches (survey two). Both surveys included sections related to: (1) current knowledge; (2) current behavior; (3) need and support for RRI prevention measures; and (4) possible content and form of RRI prevention measures. A total of 39 distance runners (36% of total possible sample) completed survey 1, and 29 coaches (32% of total possible sample) completed survey 2. Key findings included that the majority of distance runners and coaches: (1) agreed that it is 'very important' to try to prevent RRI; (2) are currently implementing something in practice (e.g., strength training) to prevent RRI; and (3) view the creation of RRI prevention measures as an important initiative. Differences between distance runners and coaches were identified in relation to their understanding of the most common causes of RRI. Interestingly, distance runners identified a modifiable cause of RRI (i.e., too much training) as the most common cause of RRI, while coaches selected a non-modifiable cause of RRI (i.e., growth and maturation). These key findings were supplemented by competitive adolescent runners and distance running coaches detailing their delivery preferences for such RRI prevention measures. Results from this study will help inform subsequent steps of the larger co-creation process, with an emphasis on developing multifaceted and context-specific RRI prevention measures that are deemed to be feasible and acceptable for real-world implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Mann
- Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Bryan C. Clift
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Qualitative Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jo Day
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South West Peninsula, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alan R. Barker
- Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Walshe A, Daly E, Ryan L. A qualitative exploration of perceived challenges and opportunities in the implementation of injury prevention and management in amateur female sport. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1430287. [PMID: 39050790 PMCID: PMC11266049 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1430287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coaches, practitioners, and leadership in amateur female sport must navigate many obstacles in the pursuit of athlete availability and optimal performance. The present study aims to evaluate opportunities and challenges to both injury prevention and management in amateur female sport, as experienced by mixed-gender coaches, allied healthcare professionals, and general practitioners. Methods Semi-structured virtual interviews of coaches, allied healthcare professionals, and general practitioners (N = 25), recruited via convenience snowball sample. Data transcribed verbatim with reflexive thematic analysis through a critical realism framework. Results Female-specific issues, education, and resource capital were challenges to the implementation of injury prevention and management in amateur female sport, thus negatively impacting on performance, prevention, and rehabilitation. Opportunities for improved care for female athletes were developing communication and relationships, outsourcing responsibility, and providing greater education, in response to desires for such, and lastly exposure to elite sport and national governing bodies' protocols. Discussion In amateur female sport, developing communication pathways and relationships, along with upskilling coaches, can help better support female athletes, coaches, and healthcare professionals. Leaders and stakeholders must advocate for and support greater education, resourcing, and an understanding of female-specific issues in amateur female sport. It is intended that these findings will provide evidence and opportunities for discourse between stakeholders in amateur female sport to improve standard of supports for female athletes, coaches, and healthcare professionals. These findings may also help practitioners better exploit opportunities and circumvent challenges to improve the welfare and performance of amateur female athletes.
Collapse
|
3
|
Bandak E, Zebis M, Alkjaer T, Nielsen SM, Bennike S, Thorborg K. Injury Prevention Training in Girls' and Women's Elite Football in Denmark: A Survey of Practices and Perceptions. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14696. [PMID: 39022878 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Through a national cross-sectional survey, the present study investigated the use and content of injury prevention training (IPT), and associated attitudes and beliefs, involving stakeholders in Danish girls' and women's elite football (U14, U16, U18, and Danish Women's League teams). A total of 168 stakeholders (coaches, physical performance coaches, physiotherapists, medical doctors, and club management) from 18 Danish elite clubs were invited to participate. Of these, 158 were eligible to participate, and 110 participants (69.6% response rate) provided 191 valid survey responses, as some provided more than one response due to multiple affiliations within the same club. The use of IPT ranged from 91.1% to 100% across team levels, with approximately 50% reporting up to 1-2 h/week. Interestingly, only 52.9%-72.7% of the responses indicated use of an evidence-based IPT program, with lowest adoption at the U14 and Danish Women's League teams. The FIFA 11+ was the most used evidence-based IPT program. The majority of the participants (>72%) had positive perceptions regarding IPT impact on injury reduction. These findings indicate that, while IPT is broadly used across Danish girls' and women's elite football teams, the implementation of evidence-based IPT programs varies, with lower adoption of these programs among the youngest and senior elite teams. Hence, there is a need to enhance integration of IPT programs proven effective in girls' and women's elite football. Notably, stakeholders expressed positive perceptions regarding the impact of IPT on injury reduction, which provides valuable support for future efforts to strengthen IPT in football practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bandak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Zebis
- Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Faculty of Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Alkjaer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Mai Nielsen
- The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kristian Thorborg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang ZX, Lai J, Shen L, Krishna L. Effectiveness of exercise-based sports injury prevention programmes in reducing injury rates in adolescents and their implementation in the community: a mixed-methods systematic review. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:674-684. [PMID: 38749672 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite evidence supporting the efficacy of sport injury prevention programmes (SIPPs) in adolescents, implementation of SIPPs in community settings is low. This review aims to synthesise and integrate evidence on the efficacy of exercise-based SIPPs in reducing injury rates in adolescents with implementation strategies for such programmes in the community. DESIGN A systematic review with meta-analysis, narrative synthesis and meta-aggregation was conducted, followed by a convergent segregated approach to integrate the findings. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted. Study appraisal was performed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. DATA SOURCES Literature search of nine databases was carried out to identify studies in English from January 2012 to December 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Included were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), qualitative or mixed-methods studies. Population included adolescents (10-19 years). Interventions included SIPPs. Outcomes were injury rate and rate ratio (IRR). Phenomena of interest were facilitators and barriers to the implementation of SIPPs. RESULTS 23 studies were included for analysis. Meta-analysis for 16 RCTs showed a protective effect of SIPP (IRR 0.63, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.74, p<0.00001) in adolescents. Meta-aggregation of seven qualitative/mixed-method studies revealed four sets of synthesised findings that impact implementation namely players' perceptions and beliefs, coaches as key facilitators, organisational support and characteristics of the SIPP. CONCLUSION Implementation of SIPPs provides a 37% risk reduction in adolescents but requires targeting key stakeholders through a top-down multifaceted approach for its efficacy to be translated. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of SIPPs and implementation strategies in adolescents in community settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xin Zhang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Joseph Lai
- National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Liang Shen
- Biostatistics Unit, National University of Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Lingaraj Krishna
- Orthopaedic and Hand Surgery Partners Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Division of Sports, Shoulder & Elbow Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ageberg E, Bunke S, Linnéll J, Moesch K. Co-creating holistic injury prevention training for youth handball: Development of an intervention targeting end-users at the individual, team, and organizational levels. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:10. [PMID: 38191495 PMCID: PMC10773026 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions that are co-created with end-users, and that are informed by behavior change or implementation theories, support implementation in real world settings. However, injury prevention programs for youth athletes have typically been developed by experts with no, or insufficiently described, end-user involvement and without guidance by theories. The aim of the current study was to describe the development of a holistic injury prevention intervention for youth handball targeting end-users at different levels, through using knowledge from end-users and researchers/experts and applying relevant behavior change and implementation theories. METHODS Knowledge from researchers/experts (sports medicine, sport psychology, handball, physical therapy, strength and conditioning (n = 14)) and end-users (coaches, players, club administrators, n = 16), and applying relevant implementation (Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, CFIR), behavior change (Health Action Process Approach, HAPA) and motivational (Self-Determination Theory, SDT) theories, were used to co-design the intervention. Early end-users (coaches (n = 6), players (n = 3) and a club administrator (n = 1)) were interviewed for initial feedback. RESULTS The intervention consisted of end-user-targeted information and training that was made available in a specifically developed interactive mobile application with modules for players, coaches, club administrators, and caregivers. Information for all end-users included benefits and principles of physical and psychological injury prevention training, load-management, motivation, and communication. Information about implementation was developed for club administrators specifically. For coaches, training to do with their teams included handball-specific injury prevention exercises (legs, shoulders, core) combined with psychological aspects (motivation, task focus, body awareness) to integrate within warm-up and handball skills training. Training for players included handball-specific multi-joint strength, power, and explosive exercises (legs, shoulders, core) and sport psychology exercises (self-awareness, relaxation, being in the present moment, prevent and handle stress). To support self-management, adoption, and motivation, programs were provided, and players and coaches could change, add, progress the difficulty of exercises, and build their own programs. Initial feedback from early end-users was generally positive. CONCLUSIONS Utilizing an approach where researchers/experts and end-users co-created injury prevention training specifically for youth handball, an intervention was generated that included information and holistic training targeting end-users at the individual (players, caregivers), team (coaches), and organizational (club administrators) levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ageberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, PO Box 117, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Bunke
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jennie Linnéll
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, PO Box 117, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
- Swedish Handball Federation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Moesch
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Sports Sciences, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lau R, Mukherjee S. Developing the Singapore youth shoulder overuse injury prevention program. Phys Ther Sport 2024; 65:30-37. [PMID: 38006797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop the Singapore Youth Shoulder Overuse Injury Prevention Program specifically for competitive overhead youth athletes in Singapore. DESIGN Two-round online Delphi technique with experts and a feasibility assessment questionnaire with youth athletes who represented end-users. SETTING Volleyball for youth athletes. PARTICIPANTS Experts were recruited through purposive sampling based on their knowledge and experience. Youth athletes were recruited though a volleyball club. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measure was the level of consensus on the proposed (1) exercise program for the overhead youth athletes, (2) education program regarding overuse injuries for coaches of overhead youth athletes, and (3) education program regarding overuse injuries for overhead youth athletes. Consensus was set at 75% agreement in this study. RESULTS Eighteen experts completed the two Delphi rounds with 100% response rate. Consensus was achieved for the exercise program and both education programs. Twelve youth athletes completed the feasibility assessment questionnaire and found the exercises to be feasible in terms of usefulness, practical use, instructions, duration, and ease of execution. CONCLUSION Consensus was reached for the Singapore Youth Shoulder Overuse Injury Prevention Program, and feasibility of execution by end-users was successfully determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lau
- Physical Education and Sport Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Swarup Mukherjee
- Physical Education and Sport Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Teahan C, Whyte EF, O'Connor S. Gaelic games players' awareness and use of, and attitudes towards injury prevention exercise programmes. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 64:17-26. [PMID: 37647826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to determine the awareness of and use of injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) among adult Gaelic games players and to investigate Gaelic games players' attitudes to injury prevention and barriers and facilitators to successful IPEPs use. METHODS A recruitment email was sent to all clubs and county boards throughout Ireland (whose email was available online) and the survey was advertised on social media platforms. Adult players completed an anonymous survey, including awareness, use, and attitudes towards injury prevention and injuries. Frequencies and descriptive statistics were conducted, a chi-squared test was used to assess any differences in awareness and use of IPEPs, a Mann-Whitney U test was used to examine differences between groups for attitudes to injury prevention (men vs women; elite vs non-elite). RESULTS A third of players (32.4%) stated awareness of IPEPs. However, only 13.4% correctly identified one. A significantly greater number of men (35.7%) used IPEPs compared to women (26.5%) (p = 0.04). The Activate (65.5%) and GAA15 (32.5%) were most used. Players had a positive attitude towards injury prevention but agreed that injuries were an issue (68.2%) and stated that their coach didn't have enough knowledge how to use IPEPs was a large barrier (41.6%). CONCLUSION Despite this positive attitude to injury prevention and believing injuries are an issue, adoption remains low. Organisations/clubs should educate players on the benefits of using IPEPs and support structures put in place to gain greater implementation, which is critical to mitigating the risk of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Teahan
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Enda F Whyte
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán O'Connor
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hughes T, O'Hara J, Burton A, London N, Emmonds S. Evaluating the impact of injury prevention interventions in child and adolescent sports using the RE-AIM framework and CERT: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289065. [PMID: 37478075 PMCID: PMC10361493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Participation in sport is a popular pastime for children and adolescents that improves their physical health, mental health and motor skills. Musculoskeletal injuries are a relatively common downside of sports participation and can have negative long-term consequences. Injury prevention programmes have demonstrated effectiveness in child and adolescent sports, provided compliance is adequate. However, little is known about the factors which relate to their impact on the wider community and whether the prevention programmes have been adopted and maintained in the long-term. The objective of this review was to assess the current literature on exercise-based injury prevention interventions in child and adolescent sports (aged under 19 years) against the 'Reach', 'Effectiveness', 'Adoption', 'Implementation', 'Maintenance' (RE-AIM) framework and Consensus of Exercise Reporting Template (CERT), to ascertain level of reporting for the components which relate to external validity. METHODS Seven electronic databases; PubMed, Medline, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and The Cochrane Library, were searched from date of inception to July 2022 using the themes of: 'Child and Adolescent', 'Sport', 'Injury' and 'Prevention'. Eligibility criteria included: Experimental trial design, exercise-based intervention programmes, primary outcome of injury incidence and participants aged under 19 years. Two reviewers assessed each trial independently against the RE-AIM model dimension items checklist (RE-AIM MDIC) and Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) before reaching a consensus on reporting. RESULTS Forty-five unique trials met the eligibility criteria. Mean reporting level for all studies across the whole RE-AIM MDIC was 31% (SD ± 16.2%, Range 7-77%). The domain of 'effectiveness' was the most comprehensively reported (60%), followed by 'implementation' (48%), 'reach' (38%), 'adoption' (26%) and 'maintenance' (7%). The mean reporting score for the CERT was 50% (SD ± 20.8, range 0-81%). CONCLUSION Published data on injury prevention in child and adolescent sports is highly focussed on the effectiveness of the intervention, with little consideration given to how it will be adopted and maintained in the long-term. This has led to considerable gaps in knowledge regarding optimal programme implementation, with a lack of data on adoption and maintenance contributing to the gap between research and practice. Future research needs to place greater focus on external validity and consider incorporating the study of implementation and feasibility as part of effectiveness trial design. This approach should provide the data that will help narrow the considerable gap between science and practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Registration number CRD42021272847.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hughes
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John O'Hara
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Burton
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Nick London
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- The Yorkshire Knee Clinic, Nuffield Health Leeds Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey Emmonds
- Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Corrigan J, O’Keeffe S, Whyte E, O’Connor S. A qualitative examination of injury prevention strategy and education in Ladies Gaelic football: Understanding the preferences of players and coaches. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281825. [PMID: 36791136 PMCID: PMC9931138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The high rates of injury in Ladies Gaelic football impact the wellbeing of players and are a major financial burden for the Ladies Gaelic Football Association. Effective injury prevention programmes have been developed for Gaelic games, but these are not currently widely adopted. The aim of this study was to qualitatively investigate adult Ladies Gaelic football players and coaches' preferences for injury prevention strategies and injury prevention education using a constructivist grounded-theory approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 currently active Ladies Gaelic football coaches and adult players. The core strategy preferences discussed by participants were the properties of an injury prevention programme, the role of stakeholders, strategy logistics and the need for guidance and support. If the uptake and long-term adoption of an injury prevention programme is to be maximised, the preferences of the players and coaches who will ultimately utilise the programme must be understood and integrated into a wider implementation strategy developed around their needs. For education preferences, the core categories identified were the focus of education, who needs education, the format, educator, roll-out strategy, and time required. Future educational strategies must incorporate the preferences of stakeholders into their design if they are to be successful in spreading injury prevention knowledge and achieving change. To give injury prevention strategies, programmes, and education the best chances at successful adoption, it is crucial that the preferences of end-users are addressed and implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Corrigan
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad O’Keeffe
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Enda Whyte
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhán O’Connor
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sly N, Soomro M, Withall AL, Cullen P, Turner RM, Flahive SR. Players', parents' and staffs' perceptions of injury prevention exercise programmes in youth rugby union. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001271. [PMID: 35774618 PMCID: PMC9207903 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Despite evidence of their efficacy, there is no widespread adoption of injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) among young players and coaches in community rugby union. The purpose of this study was to (1) analyse the knowledge and perceptions of injury prevention and IPEPs among staff, parents and players in youth rugby union and (2) explore the facilitators and barriers to implementation of IPEPs. With this contextual information, tailored implementation strategies can be created. Methods Participants completed an online survey addressing knowledge and perceptions of injury risk, injury prevention practices and a rugby-specific IPEP. Community rugby union players aged 14-18 years, their parents and staff were invited to participate, including school-based and development squads competing at a national level. Results Surveys were completed by 18 staff members, 72 parents and 56 players. Staff, parents and players believe that the risk of injury in youth rugby union is high and that injury prevention is important. The perceived role in injury prevention and availability of allied health staff, particularly strength and conditioning coaches, was apparent in this sample. Reported barriers to completion of IPEPs related to time, resources, awareness of the programme and end-users' attitudes or motivations. Leadership, the use of role models and the structure and routine provided by an IPEP were considered facilitative. Conclusions These findings inform future implementation strategies for IPEPs in this setting, including the need to provide practical solutions, education and considering the role of allied health staff in facilitating such programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Sly
- The Stadium Sports Medicine Clinic, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mariam Soomro
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrienne L Withall
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patricia Cullen
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Ngarruwan Ngadju: First Peoples Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robin M Turner
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sharron R Flahive
- The Stadium Sports Medicine Clinic, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hilska M, Leppänen M, Vasankari T, Aaltonen S, Raitanen J, Räisänen AM, Steffen K, Forsman H, Konttinen N, Kujala UM, Pasanen K. Adherence to an Injury Prevention Warm-Up Program in Children's Soccer-A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13134. [PMID: 34948744 PMCID: PMC8701740 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of high adherence to a neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up on the risk of lower extremity (LE) injuries in children's soccer. Twenty U11-U14 youth clubs (n = 92 teams, 1409 players) were randomized into intervention (n = 44 teams) and control (n = 48 teams) groups. The intervention group was advised to perform an NMT warm-up 2 to 3 times a week for 20 weeks. Team adherence, injuries, and exposure were registered throughout the follow-up. Primary outcomes were the incidence of soccer-related acute LE injuries and the prevalence of overuse LE injuries. Intervention teams conducted mean 1.7 (SD 1.0) NMT warm-ups weekly through follow-up. The seasonal trend for adherence declined significantly by -1.9% (95% CI -0.8% to -3.1%) a week. There was no difference in the incidence of acute injuries nor the prevalence of overuse LE injuries in high team adherence group (n = 17 teams) compared to controls. However, the risk for acute noncontact LE injuries was 31% lower in the high team adherence group compared to controls (IRR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.97). In an efficacy analysis (n = 7 teams), there was a significant reduction of 47% in the rate of noncontact LE injuries (IRR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.97). In conclusion, teams conducted NMT warm-up sessions regularly, but with a declining trend. A greater protective effect was seen in teams with the highest adherence to the NMT warm-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Hilska
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (M.L.); (K.P.)
| | - Mari Leppänen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (M.L.); (K.P.)
- Tampere University Hospital, 33500 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (T.V.); (J.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jani Raitanen
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (T.V.); (J.R.)
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anu M. Räisänen
- Department of Physical Therapy Education—Oregon, College of Health Sciences—Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA;
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kathrin Steffen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0806 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Hannele Forsman
- Eerikkilä Sports Institute Training Center, Eerikkilä, 31370 Tammela, Finland;
| | - Niilo Konttinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (N.K.); (U.M.K.)
- Research Institute for Olympic Sports, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M. Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (N.K.); (U.M.K.)
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (M.L.); (K.P.)
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jayanthi N, Schley S, Cumming SP, Myer GD, Saffel H, Hartwig T, Gabbett TJ. Developmental Training Model for the Sport Specialized Youth Athlete: A Dynamic Strategy for Individualizing Load-Response During Maturation. Sports Health 2021; 14:142-153. [PMID: 34763556 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211056088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Most available data on athletic development training models focus on adult or professional athletes, where increasing workload capacity and performance is a primary goal. Development pathways in youth athletes generally emphasize multisport participation rather than sport specialization to optimize motor skill acquisition and to minimize injury risk. Other models emphasize the need for accumulation of sport- and skill-specific hours to develop elite-level status. Despite recommendations against sport specialization, many youth athletes still specialize and need guidance on training and competition. Medical and sport professionals also recommend progressive, gradual increases in workloads to enhance resilience to the demands of high-level competition. There is no accepted model of risk stratification and return to play for training a specialized youth athlete through periods of injury and maturation. In this review, we present individualized training models for specialized youth athletes that (1) prioritize performance for healthy, resilient youth athletes and (2) are adaptable through vulnerable maturational periods and injury. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Nonsystematic review with critical appraisal of existing literature. STUDY DESIGN Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. RESULTS A number of factors must be considered when developing training programs for young athletes: (1) the effect of sport specialization on athlete development and injury, (2) biological maturation, (3) motor and coordination deficits in specialized youth athletes, and (4) workload progressions and response to load. CONCLUSION Load-sensitive athletes with multiple risk factors may need medical evaluation, frequent monitoring, and a program designed to restore local tissue and sport-specific capacity. Load-naive athletes, who are often skeletally immature, will likely benefit from serial monitoring and should train and compete with caution, while load-tolerant athletes may only need occasional monitoring and progress to optimum loads. STRENGTH OF RECOMMENDATION TAXONOMY (SORT) B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeru Jayanthi
- Departments of Orthopaedics and Family Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Emory Sports Medicine Center, Johns Creek, Georgia.,Emory Sport Performance and Research Center, Flowery Branch, Georgia
| | | | - Sean P Cumming
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory D Myer
- Emory Sports Medicine Center, Johns Creek, Georgia.,Emory Sport Performance and Research Center, Flowery Branch, Georgia.,Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Heather Saffel
- South Bend-Notre Dame Sports Medicine Fellowship, Beacon Bone & Joint Specialists, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Tim Hartwig
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Strathfield Campus, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tim J Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mitra TP, Djerboua M, Nettel‐Aguirre A, Russell K, Caird JK, Goulet C, Mahmood S, McCormack GR, Rowe BH, Verhagen E, Emery CA, Hagel BE. The effect of a ski and snowboard injury prevention video on safety knowledge in children and adolescents. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatum Priyambada Mitra
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- MD Program Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Maya Djerboua
- ICES Queen’s Queen’s University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Alberto Nettel‐Aguirre
- Centre for Health and Social Analytics, National Institute for Applied Statistics Research School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales Australia
| | - Kelly Russell
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Jeff K. Caird
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Psychology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education Université Laval Quebec City Quebec Canada
| | - Sheharzad Mahmood
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Gavin R. McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Brian H. Rowe
- Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and School of Public Health University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Department of Public & Occupational Health Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports Amsterdam Movement Sciences Amsterdam UMC Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM) University of Cape Town South Africa
| | - Carolyn A. Emery
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Brent E. Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre Faculty of Kinesiology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barden C, Stokes KA, McKay CD. Utilising a Behaviour Change Model to Improve Implementation of the Activate Injury Prevention Exercise Programme in Schoolboy Rugby Union. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115681. [PMID: 34073218 PMCID: PMC8199066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is a behaviour change model showing promise in positively changing youth sport coaches’ injury prevention behaviours. This study incorporated the HAPA model into coach training workshops for Activate, an efficacious rugby injury prevention programme. Primary aims were to investigate the effect of the workshop on schoolboy rugby union coaches’ (1) perceptions towards injury risk and prevention, (2) Activate adoption and adherence. Secondary aims were to (3) assess the differences in post-season HAPA constructs between workshop attendees and non-attendees, (4) explore associations between HAPA constructs and Activate adherence. In the pre-season, all participants (n = 76) completed a baseline survey, with 41 coaches electing to attend a workshop. Participants completed a post-season survey assessing HAPA constructs and Activate adoption and adherence throughout the season. The workshop did not affect coach perceptions of injury risk and prevention. Attendees had significantly greater rates of Activate adoption (95% vs. 54% χ2 = 17.42, p < 0.01) and adherence (median = 2 sessions vs. ≤1 session per week; z = 3.45, p = 0.03) than non-attendees. At post-season, attendees had significantly greater task self-efficacy (z = −3.46, p < 0.05) and intention (z = −4.33, p < 0.05) to use Activate. These results support the delivery of coach workshops that utilise a behaviour change model to maximise programme implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Barden
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.A.S.); (C.D.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Keith A. Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.A.S.); (C.D.M.)
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham TW2 7BA, UK
| | - Carly D. McKay
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.A.S.); (C.D.M.)
- Centre for Motivation and Health Behaviour Change, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barden C, Stokes KA, McKay CD. Implementation of the Activate injury prevention exercise programme in English schoolboy rugby union. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001018. [PMID: 34012555 PMCID: PMC8098930 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The implementation of the Activate injury prevention exercise programme has not been assessed in an applied context. This study aimed to (1) describe the knowledge and perceptions of school rugby coaches and players towards injury risk, prevention and Activate and (2) evaluate Activate implementation in schoolboy rugby using the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance framework. Methods Bespoke electronic surveys were administered to coaches (including support staff) and players at participating English schools (2018–2020). Most questions and statements were answered using a 7-point Likert scale. At baseline, participants detailed their Activate awareness and perceptions of injury risk and prevention in schoolboy rugby. At postseason, participants reported Activate use throughout the study and their perceptions towards the programme. Results At baseline, significant differences existed between coaches (n=106) and players (n=571) in Activate awareness (75% and 13% respectively; χ2=173.5, p<0.001). Coaches perceived rugby had a significantly greater injury risk than players, while holding more positive perceptions towards injury prevention. At postseason, coaches reported greater Activate adoption compared with players (76% and 18% respectively; χ2=41.8, p<0.001); 45% of players were unaware if they used the programme. Median session adherence was twice weekly, with a median duration of 10–15 min. This suggests Activate was not implemented as intended, with recommendations of three 20 min sessions per week. Both groups identified common barriers to implementation, such as lack of time and inclusion of a ball. Conclusion Coaches are instrumental in the decision to implement Activate. Targeting behavioural change in these individuals is likely to have the greatest impact on intervention uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Barden
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Carly D McKay
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Centre for Motivation and Health Behaviour Change, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Karuc J, Mišigoj-Duraković M, Šarlija M, Marković G, Hadžić V, Trošt-Bobić T, Sorić M. Can Injuries Be Predicted by Functional Movement Screen in Adolescents? The Application of Machine Learning. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:910-919. [PMID: 33555832 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Karuc, J, Mišigoj-Duraković, M, Šarlija, M, Marković, G, Hadžić, V, Trošt-Bobić, T, and Sorić, M. Can injuries be predicted by functional movement screen in adolescents? The application of machine learning. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 910-919, 2021-This study used machine learning (ML) to predict injuries among adolescents by functional movement testing. This research is a part of the CRO-PALS study conducted in a representative sample of adolescents and analyses for this study are based on nonathletic (n = 364) and athletic (n = 192) subgroups of the cohort (16-17 years). Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), body fatness, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), training hours per week, Functional Movement Screen (FMS), and socioeconomic status were assessed at baseline. A year later, data on injury occurrence were collected. The optimal cut-point of the total FMS score for predicting injury was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve. These predictors were included in ML analyses with calculated metrics: area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses with associated criterium of total FMS score >12 showed AUC of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.48-0.59) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.47-0.63), for the nonathletic and athletic youth, respectively. However, in the nonathletic subgroup, ML showed that the Naïve Bayes exhibited highest AUC (0.58), whereas in the athletic group, logistic regression was demonstrated as the model with the best predictive accuracy (AUC: 0.62). In both subgroups, with given predictors: sex, age, BMI, body fat percentage, MVPA, training hours per week, socioeconomic status, and total FMS score, ML can give a more accurate prediction then FMS alone. Results indicate that nonathletic boys who have lower-body fat could be more prone to suffer from injury incidence, whereas among athletic subjects, boys who spend more time training are at a higher risk of being injured. Conclusively, total FMS cut-off scores for each subgroup did not successfully discriminate those who suffered from those who did not suffer from injury, and, therefore, our research does not support FMS as an injury prediction tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josip Karuc
- Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković
- Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Šarlija
- Department of Electric Machines, Drives and Automation, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Marković
- Department of Kinesiology of Sport, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Hadžić
- Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; and
| | - Tatjana Trošt-Bobić
- Department of General and Applied Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sports-Related Craniofacial Injuries Among Pediatric and Adolescent Females: A National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Database Study. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:1603-1606. [PMID: 33654046 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Number of female athletes continues to exponentially increase in all sports; however, available literature detailing craniofacial injuries remains scarce. Compared to male athletes, female athletes may experience different types of injuries. These may be related to sex differences such as craniofacial pain and dimensions. Thus, this study assesses the type of sport and craniofacial injuries that pediatric and adolescent female athletes sustain. METHODS National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was analyzed for all hospital admissions for young female athletes (5-24 years old) experiencing a sports-related craniofacial injury. These included contusions and abrasions, lacerations, fractures, and hematomas. Following sports were analyzed for craniofacial injury: basketball, golf, soccer, ice skating, swimming, softball, horseback riding, volleyball, field hockey, and football. RESULTS Most of the sports-related craniofacial injury occurred in female athletes who are between 10 and 19 years old. Across all age groups, softball (34.9%), basketball (28.1%), and soccer (15.6%) caused majority of the craniofacial injuries. The most common presenting craniofacial injury types were contusions and abrasions as well as lacerations. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for improved protective gear, such as face shields and low-impact balls, especially in softball and basketball. Physicians should consider the differences in female versus male and child versus adult injury pattern when treating female athletes in order to prevent long-term complications, such as scarring and depression. Overall, sports-related craniofacial injuries among female athletes need to be further examined as the epidemiology of their injuries and their health needs are unique.
Collapse
|
18
|
What Do Parents Need to Know About Concussion? Developing Consensus Using the Delphi Method. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31:139-144. [PMID: 30475245 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many schools and sports leagues provide preseason concussion education to parents/guardians, and in some jurisdictions, it is required for interscholastic sports participation. However, directives about content are absent or vague. The purpose of this study was to obtain expert consensus about what parents/guardians need to know to about concussion. DESIGN A modified Delphi process with nationally recognized expert panel members was used to obtain consensus about parent/guardian behaviors relevant to concussion prevention, identification, and management and knowledge domains relevant to performance of those behaviors. RESULTS Sixteen parent/guardian behaviors and 24 knowledge domains were identified. However, consensus was not achieved regarding whether it is realistic to expect parents/guardians to perform approximately one-third of the behaviors that experts agreed mattered. This variability may reflect underlying uncertainty about the capacities of some parents/guardians to put knowledge into action or the belief that there are other barriers to action. Furthermore, for most knowledge domains, there was a lack of agreement about whether or not there could be a "correct" answer on the basis of current scientific knowledge. CONCLUSIONS These findings raise practical and ethical questions: how can we expect parents/guardians to help prevent, identify, or manage concussion if they cannot have all the information required to engage in these behaviors due to lack of scientific consensus? This issue is not unique to concussion. Best practices for risk communication and shared decision-making can inform how we think about educating parents/guardians about concussion inside and outside of the health care setting.
Collapse
|
19
|
Räisänen AM, Owoeye OBA, Befus K, van den Berg C, Pasanen K, Emery CA. Warm-Ups and Coaches' Perceptions: Searching for Clues to Improve Injury Prevention in Youth Basketball. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:619291. [PMID: 33644752 PMCID: PMC7904865 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.619291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Regular use of neuromuscular training (NMT) warm-up programs improves performance and prevents injuries. However, low level of adoption of these programs remains a problem. Understanding the current warm-ups in youth basketball and coaches' perceptions on injury prevention can guide the design of superior implementation strategies. This study describes warm-ups in youth basketball and coaches' injury prevention-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and information sources. Methods: Youth basketball coaches (n = 50) completed a preseason questionnaire. The questionnaire covered warm-up length, use of aerobic/agility/balance/strength/other exercises in the warm-up, injury-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and sources of information. Results: Typical warm-up duration was ≤ 10 min (48.0% of coaches, 95% CI: ±13.8%). All coaches included aerobic exercises in their warm-up. Agility, strength, and balance exercises were utilized by 80.0% (95% CI: ±11.7%), 70.7% (95% CI: ±13.6%), and 26.8% (95% CI: ±13.6%) of coaches, respectively. Most coaches agreed to some extent that basketball injuries are preventable (94%) and that participating in a NMT warm-up program would reduce player's risk of injury (92%). Other coaches were identified as the most common source of information on warm-ups and injury prevention. Discussion: Coaches use parts of effective NMT warm-up programs, but balance exercises are not well adopted. Considering the level of evidence supporting the importance of balance exercises in injury prevention, it is crucial to improve the implementation of NMT warm-up programs in youth basketball, for example, through educational courses. As fellow coaches were identified as the most important source of information, coaches' role in knowledge translation should be emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu M Räisänen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kimberley Befus
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carla van den Berg
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sommerfield LM, Harrison CB, Whatman CS, Maulder PS. Injury Prevention Programs in Youth: A Narrative Review Targeting Females. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
Gabriel EH, McCann RS, Hoch MC. Use of Social or Behavioral Theories in Exercise-Related Injury Prevention Program Research: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2020; 49:1515-1528. [PMID: 31187453 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of social or behavioral theories within exercise-related injury prevention program (ERIPP) research may lead to a better understanding of why adherence to the programs is low and inform the development of interventions to improve program adherence. There is a need to determine which theories have been used within the literature and at what level theory was used to further the field. OBJECTIVE To determine which social or behavioral science theories have been incorporated within ERIPP research and assess the level at which the theories were used. The key question guiding the search was "What social or behavioral theories have been used within ERIPP research?" METHODS A systematic review of the literature was completed with an appraisal of bias risk using a custom critical appraisal tool. An electronic search of EBSCOhost (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Medline, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection) and PubMed was completed from inception to October 2018. Studies investigating attitudes towards ERIPP participation with the use of a social or behavioral theoretical model or framework were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS The electronic search returned 7482 results and two articles were identified though a hand search, which resulted in ten articles meeting inclusion criteria. Four different behavioral or social theoretical models or frameworks were identified including the health action process approach model, health belief model, self-determination theory, and theory of planned behavior. Six studies utilized the theory at a B level meaning a theoretical construct was measured while four utilized the theory at the C level meaning the theory was tested. The mean critical appraisal score was 78%, indicating a majority of the studies were higher quality. CONCLUSION There has been an increase in the use of theory within literature that is specific to ERIPP participation. Additionally, the use of theory has shifted from guiding program design to the measurement of theoretical constructs and testing of the theoretical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Gabriel
- College of Health Professions, Mercer University, Macon, GA, 31207, USA.
| | - Ryan S McCann
- School of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Matthew C Hoch
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ageberg E, Bunke S, Nilsen P, Donaldson A. Planning injury prevention training for youth handball players: application of the generalisable six-step intervention development process. Inj Prev 2020; 26:164-169. [PMID: 32019772 PMCID: PMC7146925 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Youth handball players are vulnerable to injuries. Because there is no available injury prevention training specifically developed for youth handball players targeting both upper and lower limbs or incorporating psychological aspects of injury, we undertook the ‘Implementing injury Prevention training ROutines in TEams and Clubs in youth Team handball (I-PROTECT)’ project. We used an ecological participatory design incorporating the perspectives of multiple stakeholders (health beneficiaries, programme deliverers and policy makers). The aim of this paper was to describe the process of developing the I-PROTECT model, featuring injury prevention training and an accompanying implementation strategy. Design We used the generalisable six-step intervention development process, outlined to guide researchers when developing implementable, evidence-based sports injury prevention interventions, to develop the I-PROTECT model. The six-step process involves establishing a research–stakeholder collaborative partnership to (1) identify and synthesise research evidence and clinical experience; (2) consult with relevant experts; (3) engage end users to ensure their needs, capacity and values are considered; (4) test the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention; (5) evaluate the intervention against theory; and (6) obtain feedback from early implementers. Two community handball clubs in southern Sweden, offering organised training for youth male and female players, and the district handball federation, participate in the intervention development. Drafts of the I-PROTECT model will be developed and revised with key stakeholder advice and input throughout all six steps. Conclusion The I-PROTECT model described will be an end user-driven intervention, including evidence-based, theory-informed and context-specific injury prevention training for youth handball, and an associated implementation strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ageberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Bunke
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsen
- Department of Community Medicine, Division of Health and Medical Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Alex Donaldson
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sex and Maturation Differences in Performance of Functional Jumping and Landing Deficits in Youth Athletes. J Sport Rehabil 2019; 28:606-613. [PMID: 30222476 PMCID: PMC9892800 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2017-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Understanding how neuromuscular and biomechanical deficits that are associated with knee injuries change as youth mature may improve injury prevention strategies in this population. OBJECTIVE To investigate sex and maturation differences in jump-landing technique performance in youths using a practical clinical tool. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING High Performance Center Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS A total of 165 youth athletes were included in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures were each of the 10 items of the modified tuck jump assessment and the total score. These measures include (1) knee valgus at landing, (2) thighs do not reach parallel, (3) thighs not equal side to side, (4) foot placement not shoulder width apart, (5) foot placement not parallel, (6) foot contact timing not equal, (7) excessive landing contact noise, (8) pause between jumps, (9) technique declines prior to 10 seconds, and (10) does not land in same footprint. RESULTS Only knee valgus at landing had a significant sex × maturation interaction. The main effect of maturation was significant for items 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, and total score. Plyometric technique performance improved with increasing maturation. The main effect of sex was significant for items 1 and 9, with males performing better than females. CONCLUSIONS Female athletes demonstrate increased knee valgus at landing and fatigue relative to males during jump-landing performance. Overall, there was a trend of improved jump-landing performance with maturation.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Despite state laws requiring concussion education for youth sport stakeholders and a proliferation of educational programs, there has been little demonstrated impact on concussion reporting behaviors. We propose that this is because of four key limitations to existing approaches to concussion education: (1) deliberative decision making by the injured athlete is assumed, (2) interventions are often targeted at individuals rather than social systems, (3) education occurs once during preseason and is forgotten, and (4) dissemination challenges exacerbate health inequalities. Addressing these limitations, we propose a novel theoretic framework that situates individual behavior within a sport system's culture and their broader structural context. Concussion education programs should seek to facilitate safety-supportive interpersonal communication within and between stakeholder groups and influence attributes of groups that drive behavior, including shared values. Addressing the limitations outlined and drawing on the proposed conceptual framework, we describe a novel approach to concussion education: pregame safety huddles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kroshus
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sara P D Chrisman
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.,University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Scarneo SE, Kerr ZY, Kroshus E, Register-Mihalik JK, Hosokawa Y, Stearns RL, DiStefano LJ, Casa DJ. The Socioecological Framework: A Multifaceted Approach to Preventing Sport-Related Deaths in High School Sports. J Athl Train 2019; 54:356-360. [PMID: 30870600 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-173-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The socioecological framework is a multilevel conceptualization of health that includes intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, environmental, and public policy factors. The socioecological framework emphasizes multiple levels of influence and supports the idea that behaviors both affect and are affected by various contexts. At present, the sports medicine community's understanding and application of the socioecological framework are limited. In this article, we use the socioecological framework to describe potential avenues for interventions to reduce sport-related deaths among adolescent participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Scarneo
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Emily Kroshus
- University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle.,Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, WA
| | | | - Yuri Hosokawa
- College of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Rebecca L Stearns
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | | | - Douglas J Casa
- Korey Stringer Institute, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Youth have very high participation and injury rates across sport and recreational activities, including in adventure and extreme sports. Sport and recreation is the leading cause of injury in youth and may lead to lower levels of physical activity, higher adiposity, and long-term consequences such as overweight/obesity, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, and post-concussion syndrome which can adversely affect future health. Injuries are predictable and preventable in youth sport, including adventure and extreme sport. However, injury prevention strategies can have a significant impact in reducing the number and severity of injuries in many sports. This article provides an evidence-informed overview on what is known about injury prevention strategies which have been evaluated in youth adventure and extreme sports. Recommendations to contribute to effective and sustainable injury prevention in youth adventure and extreme sports have been summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Emery
- a Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology and Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ageberg E, Bunke S, Lucander K, Nilsen P, Donaldson A. Facilitators to support the implementation of injury prevention training in youth handball: A concept mapping approach. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29:275-285. [PMID: 30339309 PMCID: PMC7380009 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for research to identify effective implementation strategies for injury prevention training within real-world community sports. The aim of this ecological participatory study was to identify facilitators, among stakeholders at multiple levels, that could help injury prevention training become part of regular training routines in youth team handball. Concept mapping, a mixed-method approach for qualitative data collection and quantitative data analysis, was used. Stakeholders (n = 196) of two community team handball clubs (29% players, 13% coaches, 38% caregivers, 11% club, district and national handball administrators, 9% unknown) participated in a brainstorming process. After the research team synthesized the 235 generated statements, 50 stakeholders (34% players, 22% coaches, 24% caregivers, 20% administrators) sorted 89 unique facilitator statements into clusters and rated them for importance and feasibility. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis yielded five clusters (stress value 0.231): "Understanding and applying knowledge," "Education, knowledge, and consistency," "Set-up and exercises," "Inspiration, motivation, and routines," and "Club policy and expert collaboration." The cluster "Understanding and applying knowledge" had the highest mean importance (3.17 out of 4) and feasibility (2.93) ratings. The 32 statements rated as both highly important and feasible (Go-zone) indicate action is required at the individual (end-users) and organizational (policymakers) levels to implement injury prevention training. Results suggest that developing evidence-based context-specific injury prevention training, incorporating physiological, biomechanical and psychological components, and an associated context-specific implementation plan in partnership with all stakeholders should be a high priority to facilitate the implementation of injury prevention training in youth team handball.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ageberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Bunke
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karolina Lucander
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsen
- Department of Community Medicine, Division of Health and Medical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Alex Donaldson
- Centre for Sport and Social Impact (CSSI), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Emery CA. Parenting interventions for the prevention of unintentional injuries in childhood. Paediatr Child Health 2018; 22:220-222. [PMID: 29479219 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lindblom H, Carlfjord S, Hägglund M. Adoption and use of an injury prevention exercise program in female football: A qualitative study among coaches. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1295-1303. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Lindblom
- Division of Physiotherapy; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - S. Carlfjord
- Division of Community Medicine; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| | - M. Hägglund
- Division of Physiotherapy; Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Linköping Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Müller L, Hildebrandt C, Müller E, Fink C, Raschner C. Long-Term Athletic Development in Youth Alpine Ski Racing: The Effect of Physical Fitness, Ski Racing Technique, Anthropometrics and Biological Maturity Status on Injuries. Front Physiol 2017; 8:656. [PMID: 28912731 PMCID: PMC5583226 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpine ski racing is known to be a sport with a high risk of injuries. Because most studies have focused mainly on top-level athletes and on traumatic injuries, limited research exists about injury risk factors among youth ski racers. The aim of this study was to determine the intrinsic risk factors (anthropometrics, biological maturity, physical fitness, racing technique) for injury among youth alpine ski racers. Study participants were 81 youth ski racers attending a ski boarding school (50 males, 31 females; 9–14 years). A prospective longitudinal cohort design was used to monitor sports-related risk factors over two seasons and traumatic (TI) and overuse injuries (OI). At the beginning of the study, anthropometric characteristics (body height, body weight, sitting height, body mass index); biological maturity [status age at peak height velocity (APHV)]; physical performance parameters related to jump coordination, maximal leg and core strength, explosive and reactive strength, balance and endurance; and ski racing technique were assessed. Z score transformations normalized the age groups. Multivariate binary logistic regression (dependent variable: injury yes/no) and multivariate linear regression analyses (dependent variable: injury severity in total days of absence from training) were calculated. T-tests and multivariate analyses of variance were used to reveal differences between injured and non-injured athletes and between injury severity groups. The level of significance was set to p < 0.05. Relatively low rates of injuries were reported for both traumatic (0.63 TI/athlete) and overuse injuries (0.21 OI/athlete). Athletes with higher body weight, body height, and sitting height; lower APHV values; better core flexion strength; smaller core flexion:extension strength ratio; shorter drop jump contact time; and higher drop jump reactive strength index were at a lower injury risk or more vulnerable for fewer days of absence from training. However, significant differences between injured and non-injured athletes were only observed with respect to the drop jump reactive strength index. Regular documentation of anthropometric characteristics, biological maturity and physical fitness parameters is crucial to help to prevent injury in youth ski racing. The present findings suggest that neuromuscular training should be incorporated into the training regimen of youth ski racers to prevent injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Müller
- Department of Sport Science, University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Erich Müller
- Department of Sport Science and Kinesiology, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Fink
- Research Unit for Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Institute of Psychology (ISAG), The Health & Life Sciences University (UMIT)Hall, Austria.,Gelenkpunkt - Sports and Joint SurgeryInnsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ageberg E. Commentary on: "Scientific evidence is just the starting point: A generalizable process for developing sports injury prevention interventions" by Alex Donaldson et al. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:322-323. [PMID: 30356497 PMCID: PMC6188578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
|
32
|
Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A, Romero-Rodriguez D, Montalvo AM, Kiefer AW, Lloyd RS, Myer GD. Integrative Neuromuscular Training and Injury Prevention in Youth Athletes. Part I. Strength Cond J 2016. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
33
|
Stanhope J. Physical performance and musculoskeletal disorders: Are musicians and sportspeople on a level playing field? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
34
|
Lopez V, Ma R, Weinstein MG, Cantu RC, Myers LSD, Nadkar NS, Victoria C, Allen AA. Concussive Injuries in Rugby 7s: An American Experience and Current Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1320-30. [PMID: 26829001 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a comparative lack of concussion incidence data on the new Olympic sport Rugby 7s. This study aimed to determine the incidence (number of concussions per 1000 playing hours [ph]), mean and median severity (days absence), and cause of concussive injuries. METHODS This is a prospective epidemiology study, amateur to elite/national candidate, male (9768) and female (3876) players in USA Rugby sanctioned tournaments, compliant with the international consensus statement for studies in rugby union. RESULTS Concussions in US Rugby 7s were 7.7/1000 ph (n = 67). Women encountered concussions at 8.1/1000 ph, and men at 7.6/1000 ph (risk ratio [RR] = 1.10, P = 0.593). Elite/national-level players encountered concussions at higher rates (18.3/1000 ph) than lower levels (6.4/1000 ph; RR = 5.48, P < 0.001). Nonelite backs had higher concussive injury rates compared with forwards (7.7/1000 ph; 3.6/1000 ph; RR = 1.28, P = 0.024). Women missed 36.7 d absence from play, meanwhile men missed 27.9 d (P = 0.245). Retrospective history recall reflected previous concussive injuries occurred in 43% of the current study's cohort; of these, 57% encountered multiple concussions within 1 yr. The incidence of repetitive concussions was not statistically different between genders (RR = 1.09, P = 0.754). Most concussions occurred from tackles (63%) and collisions (24%) (P = 0.056). CONCLUSIONS Sports-related concussions occurred with frequency among US amateur Rugby 7s players. US Elite tournament players sustained concussions at much higher rates than international male Rugby 7s counterparts. A substantial portion of US players who sustained a concussion had previous concussion injuries. Given the high rate of concussion, including repetitive concussive injuries, US Rugby 7s may benefit from concussion prevention measures similar to other contact sports such as instruction on proper tackling techniques, in-game and postgame medical assessment, and a standardized return-to-play protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Lopez
- 1Rugby Research and Injury Prevention Group, New York, NY; 2USA Rugby Empire Geographic Union RFU, New York, NY; 3Rugby Codes Research Group, Sports Performance Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND; 4Northeast Rugby Academy, USOC-Sanctioned Olympic Development Program, New York, NY; 5Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; 6Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development, New York University, New York, NY; 7Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; 8Department of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; 9Department of Neurosurgery, Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA; 10Department of Surgery, Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA; 11Service of Sports Medicine, Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA; 12Neurologic Sports Injury Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; 13Concussion Legacy Foundation, Waltham, MA; 14World Rugby, Independent Concussion Group, Dublin, Ireland; 15Advanced Therapeutics Physical Therapy, Inc., Florence, MA; 16Department of Physical Therapy, Seton Hall University, South Orange Village, NJ; 17New York University, Global Institute of Public Health, New York, NY; 18Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY; 19National Basketball Association, New York Knickerbockers New York, NY; and 20USA Basketball, Colorado Springs, CO
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
DOLENC P. Anxiety, Self-Esteem and Coping with Stress in Secondary School Students in Relation to Involvement in Organized Sports. Zdr Varst 2015; 54:222-9. [PMID: 27646730 PMCID: PMC4820159 DOI: 10.1515/sjph-2015-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of the study was to examine self-esteem, anxiety level and coping strategies among secondary school students in relation to their involvement in organized sports. METHODS The sample included 280 Slovenian male and female secondary school students aged between 15 and 19 years. The participants completed The Adolescent Coping Scale, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the PSDQ Selfesteem Scale. RESULTS Participants engaged in organized sports exhibited higher self-esteem scores and lower anxiety scores in comparison to non-sport participants. Differences between the two groups have also been identified with respect to the use of certain coping strategies. Sport participants reported more productive coping than non-sport participants, which represents an active and problem-focused approach to dealing with everyday problems. Gender differences in the referred variables have also been studied, with female athletes exhibiting higher levels of anxiety than male athletes. Female participants were also found to use more non-productive coping than males, focused mainly on reducing emotional effects of stress. CONCLUSIONS Organized youth sports have an important role in improving and maintaining a favorable sense of self-worth, reducing anxiety, and promoting productive coping strategies in adolescents when dealing with everyday problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra DOLENC
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Education, Cankarjeva 5, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Franz C, Jespersen E, Rexen CT, Leboeuf-Yde C, Wedderkopp N. Back injuries in a cohort of schoolchildren aged 6-12: A 2.5-year prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:911-8. [PMID: 26130046 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this prospective school cohort study were to describe the epidemiology of diagnosed back pain in childhood, classified as either nontraumatic or traumatic back injury, and to estimate the association with physical activity in different settings. Over 2.5 years, 1240 children aged 6-12 years were surveyed weekly using mobile text messages to ask about the presence or absence of back pain. Pain was clinically diagnosed and injuries were classified using the International Classification of Diseases version 10. Physical activity data were obtained from text messages and accelerometers. Of the 315 back injuries diagnosed, 186 injuries were nontraumatic and 129 were traumatic. The incidence rate ratio was 1.5 for a nontraumatic back injury compared with a traumatic injury. The overall estimated back injury incidence rate was 0.20 per 1000 physical activity units (95% confidence interval 0.18-0.23). The back injury incidence rates were higher for sports when exposure per 1000 physical activity units was taken into consideration and especially children horse-riding had a 40 times higher risk of sustaining a traumatic back injury compared to the risk during non-organized leisure time physical activity. However, the reasonably low injury incidence rates support the recommendations of children continuously being physically active.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Franz
- Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - E Jespersen
- Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C T Rexen
- Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C Leboeuf-Yde
- Research Department, Spine Center of Southern Denmark, Hospital Lillebaelt, Middelfart, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - N Wedderkopp
- Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Regional Health Services Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,The Sport Medicine Clinic, Orthopaedic Department, Hospital of Lillebaelt, Middelfart, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Emery CA, Roy TO, Whittaker JL, Nettel-Aguirre A, van Mechelen W. Neuromuscular training injury prevention strategies in youth sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49:865-70. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
38
|
Abstract
Football (soccer) is the world's most popular sport with most players being younger than 18 years. Playing football can induce beneficial health effects, but there is also a high risk of injury. Therefore, it is necessary to implement measures for preventing injuries. The present review analyzes and summarizes published scientific information on the incidence and characteristics of football injuries in children and adolescent players to arrive at sound conclusions and valid considerations for the development of injury-prevention programs. A literature search was conducted up to November 2012. Fifty-three relevant scientific publications were detected. Thirty-two studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for pooled analysis. Additional information from the remaining 21 studies was considered where appropriate to obtain a broader perspective on the injury problem in children and youth football. Training injury incidence was nearly constant for players aged 13-19 years, ranging from 1 to 5 injuries per 1,000 h training. Match injury incidence tended to increase with age through all age groups, with an average incidence of about 15 to 20 injuries per 1,000 match hours in players older than 15 years. Between 60 and 90 % of all football injuries were classified as traumatic and about 10-40 % were overuse injuries. Most injuries (60-90 %) were located at the lower extremities with the ankle, knee, and thigh being mostly affected. The frequency of upper-extremity and head/face injuries was higher in those studies that analyzed match injuries only. The most common injury types were strains, sprains, and contusions (10 up to 40 % each). There is some evidence that the risk of traumatic injuries and, in particular, of sustaining a fracture, contusion, or concussion was higher during match play than in practice sessions. Fractures were more frequent in children younger than 15 years than in older players. About half of all time-loss injuries led to an absence from sport of less than 1 week, one third resulted in an absence between 1 and 4 weeks, and 10 to 15 % of all injuries were severe. Separate data for players under the age of 11 years are almost absent. Maturation status seems to have an influence on injury characteristics, although evidence is not conclusive at this time. Three main areas seem to be of particular relevance for future prevention research in young football players: (1) the substantial number of severe contact injuries during matches, (2) the high number of fractures in younger players, and (3) the influence of maturation status and growth spurts.
Collapse
|
39
|
Dimitriou L, Weiler R, Lloyd-Smith R, Turner A, Heath L, James N, Reid A. Bone mineral density, rib pain and other features of the female athlete triad in elite lightweight rowers. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004369. [PMID: 24523427 PMCID: PMC3927798 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine bone mineral density (BMD) and the associations among BMD, menstrual history, disordered eating (DE), training history, intentional weight loss (IWL) and rib pain for the first time in female lightweight rowers. SETTING 9 lightweight rowing clubs, UK. PARTICIPANTS 29 Caucasian female lightweight rowers volunteered. 21 (12 active, 9 retired) completed the study. INCLUSION CRITERIA female lightweight rowers aged over 18 years. EXCLUSION CRITERIA participants with a history of bone disease, used medications known to influence BMD or if they were pregnant, lactating or postmenopausal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured total body (TB) composition and BMD at the spine, femoral neck (FN), radius and TB. DE, oligomenorrhoea/amenorrhoea years; rib pain and training history. RESULTS DE was reported in six of the rowers. The active with DE started rowing younger (p<0.05) than those without, and their amount of IWL was associated with Eating Attitudes Test-26 score (p<0.05). Some participants reported a history of oligomenorrhoea/amenorrhoea 17 (76%) and/or rib pain 7 (32%) with those with rib pain having lower spine and TB Z-scores (p<0.05) than those without. Those with oligomenorrhoea/amenorrhoea had lower spine Z-scores (p<0.01) than those without. Twelve participants had low BMD; three at spine; one at FN; and eight at radius. Thirteen per cent of mean total training hours (18.6±9.1 h/week) were spent strength training (2.4±2.2 h/week). CONCLUSIONS Upper body exercises incorporating multidimensional high peak bone strain were not reported and may need to be considered in their strength training to improve radial BMD. Results suggest IWL and high-level training at a young age increases the likelihood of DE and there may be a lack of quality nutritional support for these athletes. Thus, multidisciplinary sport science support should be offered at a young age and perhaps also to consider changing the weight rules to prevent the development of the Triad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Weiler
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Antony Turner
- Middlesex University, London Sport Institute, London, UK
| | - Luke Heath
- Middlesex University, London Sport Institute, London, UK
| | - Nic James
- Middlesex University, London Sport Institute, London, UK
| | - Anna Reid
- University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Jespersen E, Rexen CT, Franz C, Møller NC, Froberg K, Wedderkopp N. Musculoskeletal extremity injuries in a cohort of schoolchildren aged 6-12: A 2.5-year prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:251-8. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Jespersen
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - C. T. Rexen
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - C. Franz
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - N. C. Møller
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - K. Froberg
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - N. Wedderkopp
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
- The Sport Medicine Clinic; Orthopaedic dep. Hospital of Lillebaelt; Institute of Regional Health Service Research; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jespersen E, Holst R, Franz C, Rexen CT, Klakk H, Wedderkopp N. Overuse and traumatic extremity injuries in schoolchildren surveyed with weekly text messages over 2.5 years. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:807-13. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Jespersen
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - R. Holst
- Department of Biostatistics; Institute of Regional Health Research; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - C. Franz
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - C. T. Rexen
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - H. Klakk
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| | - N. Wedderkopp
- Centre of Research in Childhood Health; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
- Research Department, Spine Centre of Southern Denmark; Institute of Regional Health Services Research; University of Southern Denmark; Odense M Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hébert-Losier K, Holmberg HC. What are the Exercise-Based Injury Prevention Recommendations for Recreational Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding? Sports Med 2013; 43:355-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
43
|
Donaldson A, Poulos RG. Planning the diffusion of a neck-injury prevention programme among community rugby union coaches. Br J Sports Med 2012; 48:151-9. [PMID: 23231784 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes the development of a theory-informed and evidence-informed, context-specific diffusion plan for the Mayday Safety Procedure (MSP) among community rugby coaches in regional New South Wales, Australia. METHODS Step 5 of Intervention Mapping was used to plan strategies to enhance MSP adoption and implementation. RESULTS Coaches were identified as the primary MSP adopters and implementers within a system including administrators, players and referees. A local advisory group was established to ensure context relevance. Performance objectives (eg, attend MSP training for coaches) and determinants of adoption and implementation behaviour (eg, knowledge, beliefs, skills and environment) were identified, informed by Social Cognitive Theory. Adoption and implementation matrices were developed and change-objectives for coaches were identified (eg, skills to deliver MSP training to players). Finally, intervention methods and specific strategies (eg, coach education, social marketing and policy and by-law development) were identified based on advisory group member experience, evidence of effective coach safety behaviour-change interventions and Diffusion of Innovations theory. CONCLUSIONS This is the first published example of a systematic approach to plan injury prevention programme diffusion in community sports. The key strengths of this approach were an effective researcher-practitioner partnership; actively engaging local sports administrators; targeting specific behaviour determinants, informed by theory and evidence; and taking context-related practical strengths and constraints into consideration. The major challenges were the time involved in using a systematic diffusion planning approach for the first time; and finding a planning language that was acceptable and meaningful to researchers and practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Donaldson
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Monash Injury Research Institute (MIRI), Monash University, , Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kerr ZY, Roos KG, Schmidt JD, Marshall SW. Prevention and Management of Physical and Social Environment Risk Factors for Sports-Related Injuries. Am J Lifestyle Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827612450683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the environmental factors that contribute to injury risk will allow for the optimization of athletic performance and minimize morbidity. The purpose of this review is to discuss the physical and social environments of sport that affect injury risk, and to review the strategies that sports medicine professionals (eg, clinicians, certified athletic trainers) can implement to prevent injury. Searches using the PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases were used to identify injury risk factors pertaining to the physical and social environment of athletics. Physical environmental risk factors identified include weather, air quality, playing surface, and the presence of sports medicine professionals. Social environmental factors include parents, teammates, coaches, media, policy/legislation, and sports medicine professionals. Sports medicine professionals seeking effective prevention and care strategies will benefit from (1) education about the physical and social environmental risk factors that place athletes at risk for injury and (2) a holistic approach that recognizes that physical and social factors are as important as individual risk factors in determining injury risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Y. Kerr
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health (ZYK, KGR, SWM) and Human Movement Science
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science (JDS), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karen G. Roos
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health (ZYK, KGR, SWM) and Human Movement Science
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science (JDS), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Julianne D. Schmidt
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health (ZYK, KGR, SWM) and Human Movement Science
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science (JDS), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Stephen W. Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health (ZYK, KGR, SWM) and Human Movement Science
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science (JDS), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Morrongiello BA, Zdzieborski D, Stewart J. Supervision of Children in Agricultural Settings: Implications for Injury Risk and Prevention. J Agromedicine 2012; 17:149-62. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2012.655127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
46
|
|
47
|
Encouraging junior community netball players to learn correct safe landing technique. J Sci Med Sport 2011; 15:19-24. [PMID: 22014976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Behavioural factors and beliefs are important determinants of the adoption of sports injury interventions. This study aimed to understand behavioural factors associated with junior community netball players' intentions to learn correct landing technique during coach-led training sessions, proposed as a means of reducing their risk of lower limb injury. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS 287 female players from 58 junior netball teams in the 2007/2008-summer competition completed a 13-item questionnaire developed from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). This assessed players' attitudes (four items), subjective norms (four), perceived behavioural control (four) and intentions (one) around the safety behaviour of learning correct landing technique at netball training. All items were rated on a seven-point bipolar scale. Cluster-adjusted logistic regression was used to assess which TPB constructs were most associated with strong intentions. RESULTS Players had positive intentions and attitudes towards learning safe landing technique and perceived positive social pressure from significant others. They also perceived themselves to have considerable control over engaging (or not) in this behaviour. Players' attitudes (p<0.001) and subjective norms (p<0.001), but not perceived behavioural control (p=0.49), were associated with strong intentions to learn correct landing technique at training. CONCLUSIONS Injury prevention implementation strategies aimed at maximising junior players' participation in correct landing training programs should emphasise the benefits of learning correct landing technique (i.e. change attitudes) and involve significant others and role models whom junior players admire (i.e. capitalise on social norms) in the promotion of such programs.
Collapse
|
48
|
Orr B, Brown C, Hemsing J, McCormick T, Pound S, Otto D, Emery CA, Beaupre LA. Female soccer knee injury: Observed knowledge gaps in injury prevention among players/parents/coaches and current evidence (the KNOW study). Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 23:271-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Orr
- Department of Physical Therapy; University of Alberta; Edmonton; Alberta; Canada
| | - C. Brown
- Department of Physical Therapy; University of Alberta; Edmonton; Alberta; Canada
| | - J. Hemsing
- Department of Physical Therapy; University of Alberta; Edmonton; Alberta; Canada
| | - T. McCormick
- Department of Physical Therapy; University of Alberta; Edmonton; Alberta; Canada
| | - S. Pound
- Department of Physical Therapy; University of Alberta; Edmonton; Alberta; Canada
| | - D. Otto
- Department of Surgery; University of Alberta; Edmonton; Alberta; Canada
| | - C. A. Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre; Faculty of Kinesiology; Departments of Community Health Sciences and Paediatrics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary; Alberta; Canada
| | - L. A. Beaupre
- Departments of Physical Therapy and Surgery (Division of Orthopaedic Surgery); University of Alberta; Edmonton; Alberta; Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lasenby-Lessard J, Morrongiello BA. Understanding risk compensation in children: Experience with the activity and level of sensation seeking play a role. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2011; 43:1341-1347. [PMID: 21545863 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine if children 7-12 years show risk compensation when engaging in ecologically valid recreational sports tasks, and to explore how experience with the activity and extent of sensation seeking influence this. Children were positioned up on a platform, on a bike or wearing rollerblades, and they were presented varying heights and inclines from which they selected the greatest one they go down when wearing and not wearing safety gear appropriate to the activity; when making their ratings they anticipated actually doing the task. Results revealed that children engaged in significantly more risk taking when wearing safety gear, thereby demonstrating risk compensation, and this was significantly greater for the activity with which they had greater experience. However, children high in sensation seeking demonstrated significantly more risk compensation in both the high and low experience activities, although the injury risk appraisals that predicted risk compensation varied with experience level. Implications for the design of injury prevention programs and directions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lasenby-Lessard
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, MacKinnon Building, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bergeron MF. Youth sports in the heat: recovery and scheduling considerations for tournament play. Sports Med 2009; 39:513-22. [PMID: 19530749 DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200939070-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges facing numerous young athletes is attempting to perform safely and effectively in the heat. An even greater performance challenge and risk for incurring exertional heat injury is encountered when a young athlete has to compete multiple times on the same day, with only a short rest period between rounds of play, during a hot-weather tournament. Within the scope of the rules, tournament directors frequently provide athletes with only the minimum allowable time between same-day matches or games. Notably, prior same-day exercise has been shown to increase cardiovascular and thermal strain and perception of effort in subsequent activity bouts, and the extent of earlier exercise-heat exposure can affect performance and competition outcome. Incurred water and other nutrient deficits are often too great to offset during short recovery periods between competition bouts, and the athletes are sometimes 'forced' to compete again not sufficiently replenished. Providing longer rest periods between matches and games can significantly improve athlete safety and performance, by enhancing recovery and minimizing the 'carryover' effects from previous competition-related physical activity and heat exposure that can negatively affect performance and safety. Governing bodies of youth sports need to address this issue and provide more specific, appropriate and evidence-based guidelines for minimum rest periods between same-day contests for all levels of tournament play in the heat. Youth athletes are capable of tolerating the heat and performing reasonably well and safely in a range of hot environments if they prepare well, manage hydration sufficiently, and are provided the opportunity to recover adequately between contests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Bergeron
- National Institute for Athletic Health and Performance and Center for Youth Sports and Health, Sanford USD Medical Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.
| |
Collapse
|