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Yan D. Association between α-klotho levels and adults with COPD in the United States. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1361922. [PMID: 39091285 PMCID: PMC11291460 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1361922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is accompanied by increased inflammation, persistent lung function decline, and extensive lung injury. Klotho, a well-known antiaging protein, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. However, the effects of klotho on COPD have yet to be thoroughly elucidated. This study examined the association among COPD adults and their α-klotho level. Patients and methods Data were collected from the 2007 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 676 participants were analyzed and divided into COPD (n = 403) and non-COPD (n = 273) groups. The two groups were compared with respect to clinical characteristics. Logistic regression analysis and a generalized additive model were used to estimate the association between COPD incidence and serum α-klotho concentration. All COPD participants were stratified according to the levels of α-klotho (Q1: <687 pg./mL; Q2: 687-900 pg./mL; Q3: ≥900 pg./mL), and clinical characteristics were compared. Results Non-COPD individuals had higher α-klotho levels than did COPD individuals (863.09 ± 267.13 vs. 817.51 ± 302.20, p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the Q2 and Q3 layers had a lower risk of COPD than did the Q1 layer, with odds ratios (ORs) of 0.73 (0.50, 0.99) for Q2 and 0.58 (0.41, 0.86) for Q3 (p < 0.001). The generalized additive model showed that the risk of COPD gradually decreased with increasing α-klotho concentration when the α-klotho concentration < 1,500 pg./mL, while the risk of COPD increased as the α-klotho concentration increased to ≥1,500 pg./mL. Compared with individuals in the Q2 or Q3 groups, individuals with COPD in the Q1 group were more likely to be current smokers, have lower levels of erythrocytes, and have higher levels of creatinine and leukocytes. Conclusion Increased α-klotho levels were negatively correlated with the risk of COPD in participants over 40 years old with α-klotho <1,500 pg./mL. When α-klotho was ≥1,500 pg./mL, the risk of COPD increased as α-klotho levels increased. Pulmonary ventilation function and the number of hemocytes differed among COPD patients with different levels of α-klotho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, The Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
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2
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Noh M, Sim JY, Kim J, Ahn JH, Min HY, Lee JU, Park JS, Jeong JY, Lee JY, Lee SY, Lee HJ, Park CS, Lee HY. Particulate matter-induced metabolic recoding of epigenetics in macrophages drives pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132932. [PMID: 37988864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of illnesses associated with unresolved inflammation in response to toxic environmental stimuli. Persistent exposure to PM is a major risk factor for COPD, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Using our established mouse model of PM-induced COPD, we find that repeated PM exposure provokes macrophage-centered chronic inflammation and COPD development. Mechanistically, chronic PM exposure induces transcriptional downregulation of HAAO, KMO, KYNU, and QPRT in macrophages, which are the enzymes of de novo NAD+ synthesis pathway (kynurenine pathway; KP), via elevated chromatin binding of the CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) near the transcriptional regulatory regions of the enzymes. Subsequent reduction of NAD+ and SIRT1 function increases histone acetylation, resulting in elevated expression of pro-inflammatory genes in PM-exposed macrophages. Activation of SIRT1 by nutraceutical resveratrol mitigated PM-induced chronic inflammation and COPD development. In agreement, increased levels of histone acetylation and decreased expression of KP enzymes were observed in pulmonary macrophages of COPD patients. We newly provide an evidence that dysregulated NAD+ metabolism and consecutive SIRT1 deficiency significantly contribute to the pathological activation of macrophages during PM-mediated COPD pathogenesis. Additionally, targeting PM-induced intertwined metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming in macrophages is an effective strategy for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungkyung Noh
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Sim
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jisung Kim
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jee Hwan Ahn
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong-Uk Lee
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, 22, Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan 31538, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Park
- Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14584, South Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi do, South Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14584, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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3
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Hay Q, Grubb C, Minucci S, Valentine MS, Van Mullekom J, Heise RL, Reynolds AM. Age-dependent ventilator-induced lung injury: Mathematical modeling, experimental data, and statistical analysis. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011113. [PMID: 38386693 PMCID: PMC10914268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A variety of pulmonary insults can prompt the need for life-saving mechanical ventilation; however, misuse, prolonged use, or an excessive inflammatory response, can result in ventilator-induced lung injury. Past research has observed an increased instance of respiratory distress in older patients and differences in the inflammatory response. To address this, we performed high pressure ventilation on young (2-3 months) and old (20-25 months) mice for 2 hours and collected data for macrophage phenotypes and lung tissue integrity. Large differences in macrophage activation at baseline and airspace enlargement after ventilation were observed in the old mice. The experimental data was used to determine plausible trajectories for a mathematical model of the inflammatory response to lung injury which includes variables for the innate inflammatory cells and mediators, epithelial cells in varying states, and repair mediators. Classification methods were used to identify influential parameters separating the parameter sets associated with the young or old data and separating the response to ventilation, which was measured by changes in the epithelial state variables. Classification methods ranked parameters involved in repair and damage to the epithelial cells and those associated with classically activated macrophages to be influential. Sensitivity results were used to determine candidate in-silico interventions and these interventions were most impact for transients associated with the old data, specifically those with poorer lung health prior to ventilation. Model results identified dynamics involved in M1 macrophages as a focus for further research, potentially driving the age-dependent differences in all macrophage phenotypes. The model also supported the pro-inflammatory response as a potential indicator of age-dependent differences in response to ventilation. This mathematical model can serve as a baseline model for incorporating other pulmonary injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quintessa Hay
- Department of Mathematics & Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Christopher Grubb
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Sarah Minucci
- Department of Mathematics & Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Valentine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Van Mullekom
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rebecca L. Heise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Angela M. Reynolds
- Department of Mathematics & Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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4
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Yan LC, Lu HY, Wang XY, Xiao G, Chang Y, Yuan P, Wang B. Prevalence and risk factors of frailty in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:789-802. [PMID: 37436687 PMCID: PMC10447286 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review the prevalence and risk factors for frailty in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, and a search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases was carried out to collect Chinese and English studies on frailty and COPD published up to September 5, 2022. RESULTS A total of 38 articles were included for the quantitative analysis after the collected literature was either included or omitted based on pertinent criteria. The results indicated that the estimated overall pooled prevalence of frailty was 36% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 31-41%), and the estimated pre-frailty was 43% (95% CI = 37-49%). A higher age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01-1.06) and higher COPD assessment test (CAT) score (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.12-1.27) were associated with a significantly increased likelihood of frailty in patients with COPD. However, a higher educational attainment (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.43-0.69) and higher income (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.45-0.88) were associated with a significantly reduced risk of frailty in patients with COPD. A total of 17 other risk factors for frailty were identified via qualitative synthesis. CONCLUSION The incidence of frailty in patients with COPD is high, and there are many influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cong Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Hong-Yan Lu
- Department of Nursing, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Shengli Street, Yinchuan City, 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- College of Nursing, He Xi College, Zhangye, 734000, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Yinchuan Stomatology Hospital, Ningxia, 750000, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Department of Nursing, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804, Shengli Street, Yinchuan City, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
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5
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Gilbert RF, Cichowitz C, Bibangambah P, Kim JH, Hemphill LC, Yang IT, Sentongo RN, Kakuhikire B, Christiani DC, Tsai AC, Okello S, Siedner MJ, North CM. Lung function and atherosclerosis: a cross-sectional study of multimorbidity in rural Uganda. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:12. [PMID: 34983492 PMCID: PMC8728924 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of global mortality. In high-income settings, the presence of cardiovascular disease among people with COPD increases mortality and complicates longitudinal disease management. An estimated 26 million people are living with COPD in sub-Saharan Africa, where risk factors for co-occurring pulmonary and cardiovascular disease may differ from high-income settings but remain uncharacterized. As non-communicable diseases have become the leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa, defining multimorbidity in this setting is critical to inform the required scale-up of existing healthcare infrastructure. METHODS We measured lung function and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) among participants in the UGANDAC Study. Study participants were over 40 years old and equally divided into people living with HIV (PLWH) and an age- and sex-similar, HIV-uninfected control population. We fit multivariable linear regression models to characterize the relationship between lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1) and pre-clinical atherosclerosis (cIMT), and evaluated for effect modification by age, sex, smoking history, HIV, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Of 265 participants, median age was 52 years, 125 (47%) were women, and 140 (53%) were PLWH. Most participants who met criteria for COPD were PLWH (13/17, 76%). Median cIMT was 0.67 mm (IQR: 0.60 to 0.74), which did not differ by HIV serostatus. In models adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, smoking, and HIV, lower FEV1 was associated with increased cIMT (β = 0.006 per 200 mL FEV1 decrease; 95% CI 0.002 to 0.011, p = 0.01). There was no evidence that age, sex, HIV serostatus, smoking, or socioeconomic status modified the relationship between FEV1 and cIMT. CONCLUSIONS Impaired lung function was associated with increased cIMT, a measure of pre-clinical atherosclerosis, among adults with and without HIV in rural Uganda. Future work should explore how co-occurring lung and cardiovascular disease might share risk factors and contribute to health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Gilbert
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, BUL-148, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Cody Cichowitz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, BUL-148, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - June-Ho Kim
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linda C Hemphill
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, BUL-148, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ruth N Sentongo
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - David C Christiani
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, BUL-148, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander C Tsai
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, BUL-148, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samson Okello
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mark J Siedner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, BUL-148, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Crystal M North
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, BUL-148, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Malik P, Hoidal JR, Mukherjee TK. Implication of RAGE Polymorphic Variants in COPD Complication and Anti-COPD Therapeutic Potential of sRAGE. COPD 2021; 18:737-748. [PMID: 34615424 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2021.1984417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a slowly progressive and poorly reversible airway obstruction disease. It is caused either alone or in combination of emphysema, chronic bronchitis (CB), and small airways disease. COPD is thought to be a multi-factorial disorder in which genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and tobacco exposure could be doubly or simultaneously implicated. Available medicines against COPD include anti-inflammatory drugs, such as β2-agonists and anticholinergics, which efficiently reduce airflow limitation but are unable to avert disease progression and mortality. Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and their receptors i.e. receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) are some molecules that have been implicated in the complication of COPD. Several RAGE single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) variants are produced by the mammalian cells. Based on the ethnicity some SNPs aggravate the COPD severity. Mammalian cells produce several alternative RAGE splice variants including a soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and an endogenous soluble RAGE (esRAGE). Both of these act as decoy receptor and thus may help to arrest the COPD complications. Several lines of evidences indicate a decreased level of sRAGE in the COPD subjects. One of the new strategies to reduce COPD complication may be sRAGE therapeutic administration to the COPD subjects. This comprehensive discussion sheds light on the role of RAGE and its polymorphic variants in the COPD complication along with sRAGE therapeutic significance in the COPD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Malik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - John R Hoidal
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tapan Kumar Mukherjee
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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7
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Mandal P, Lyons JD, Burd EM, Koval M, Mocarski ES, Coopersmith CM. Integrated evaluation of lung disease in single animals. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246270. [PMID: 34237078 PMCID: PMC8266100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During infectious disease, pathogen load drives inflammation and immune response that together contribute to tissue injury often resulting in organ dysfunction. Pulmonary failure in SARS-CoV2-infected hospitalized COVID-19 patients is one such prominent example. Intervention strategies require characterization of the host-pathogen interaction by accurately assessing all of the above-mentioned disease parameters. To study infection in intact mammals, mice are often used as essential genetic models. Due to humane concerns, there is a constant unmet demand to develop studies that reduce the number of mice utilized while generating objective data. Here, we describe an integrated method of evaluating lung inflammation in mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or murine gammaherpesvirus (MHV)-68. This method conserves animal resources while permitting evaluation of disease mechanisms in both infection settings. Lungs from a single euthanized mouse were used for two purposes-biological assays to determine inflammation and infection load, as well as histology to evaluate tissue architecture. For this concurrent assessment of multiple parameters from a single euthanized mouse, we limit in-situ formalin fixation to the right lung of the cadaver. The unfixed left lung is collected immediately and divided into several segments for biological assays including determination of pathogen titer, assessment of infection-driven cytokine levels and appearance of cell death markers. In situ fixed right lung was then processed for histological determination of tissue injury and confirmation of infection-driven cell death patterns. This method reduces overall animal use and minimizes inter-animal variability that results from sacrificing different animals for different types of assays. The technique can be applied to any lung disease study in mice or other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyusha Mandal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - John D. Lyons
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Eileen M. Burd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Edward S. Mocarski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery, Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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8
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Tatsumi M, Yanagita M, Yamashita M, Hasegawa S, Ikegami K, Kitamura M, Murakami S. Long-term exposure to cigarette smoke influences characteristics in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:951-963. [PMID: 34057209 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by periodontopathic bacteria accumulated in the gingival sulcus and periodontal pocket. Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for periodontal disease, and periodontal tissues in smokers are chronically exposed to cigarette smoke on a long-term basis. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term exposure to nicotine or cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on cellular functions of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). METHODS In vitro-maintained HGFs were divided into two groups. The HGFs of the short-term and the long-term culture groups were cultured for 4 and 25 days, respectively, in the presence or absence of nicotine, which is one of the main components of cigarette smoke, or CSC. The cellular proliferation and migration capacities of HGFs exposed to nicotine or CSC were evaluated by WST-1 and wound healing assays. The effects of exposure to nicotine or CSC on the expression of various extracellular matrix (ECM) components, inflammatory cytokines, and senescence-related genes were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cellular senescence of HGFs exposed to nicotine or CSC was detected by the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) assay. To explore the senescence-associated microRNA (miRNA), we extracted miRNA from the HGFs and the expression profiles were examined by miRNA array. RESULTS In short-term culture, no significant changes were observed. Long-term exposure of HGFs to nicotine or CSC significantly suppressed their cellular proliferation and migration and upregulated type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, p16, p21, and p53 mRNA expression, and IL-6 and IL-8 protein expression. Furthermore, long-term nicotine or CSC exposure significantly increased the percentage of SA-β-gal-positive HGFs. In addition, long-term nicotine or CSC exposure reduced miR-29b and miR-199a expression to less than 50% of that in the unstimulated HGFs. CONCLUSION These data suggest that long-term smoking habits may reduce wound healing ability, modulate ECM protein homeostasis, stimulate the inflammatory response, and accelerate cellular senescence in HGFs, and consequently accelerate the progression of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tatsumi
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Yanagita
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.,Department of Oral Health, Kobe Tokiwa Junior College, Kobe, Japan
| | - Motozo Yamashita
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Shiori Hasegawa
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Kuniko Ikegami
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kitamura
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Division of Oral Biology and Disease Control, Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
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9
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Mathematical modeling of ventilator-induced lung inflammation. J Theor Biol 2021; 526:110738. [PMID: 33930440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the benefits of mechanical ventilators, prolonged or misuse of ventilators may lead to ventilation-associated/ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). Lung insults, such as respiratory infections and lung injuries, can damage the pulmonary epithelium, with the most severe cases needing mechanical ventilation for effective breathing and survival. Damaged epithelial cells within the alveoli trigger a local immune response. A key immune cell is the macrophage, which can differentiate into a spectrum of phenotypes ranging from pro- to anti-inflammatory. To gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms of the immune response to VILI and post-ventilation outcomes, we developed a mathematical model of interactions between the immune system and site of damage while accounting for macrophage phenotype. Through Latin hypercube sampling we generated a collection of parameter sets that are associated with a numerical steady state. We then simulated ventilation-induced damage using these steady state values as the initial conditions in order to evaluate how baseline immune state and lung health affect outcomes. We used a variety of methods to analyze the resulting parameter sets, transients, and outcomes, including a random forest decision tree algorithm and parameter sensitivity with eFAST. Analysis shows that parameters and properties of transients related to epithelial repair and M1 activation are important factors. Using the results of this analysis, we hypothesized interventions and used these treatment strategies to modulate the response to ventilation for particular parameters sets.
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10
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Minucci S, Heise RL, Valentine MS, Kamga Gninzeko FJ, Reynolds AM. Mathematical modeling of ventilator-induced lung inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020. [PMID: 33236015 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.03.132258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections, such as the novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) and other lung injuries, damage the pulmonary epithelium. In the most severe cases this leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Due to respiratory failure associated with ARDS, the clinical intervention is the use of mechanical ventilation. Despite the benefits of mechanical ventilators, prolonged or misuse of these ventilators may lead to ventilation-associated/ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). Damage caused to epithelial cells within the alveoli can lead to various types of complications and increased mortality rates. A key component of the immune response is recruitment of macrophages, immune cells that differentiate into phenotypes with unique pro- and/or anti-inflammatory roles based on the surrounding environment. An imbalance in pro- and anti-inflammatory responses can have deleterious effects on the individual's health. To gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms of the immune response to VILI and post-ventilation outcomes, we develop a mathematical model of interactions between the immune system and site of damage while accounting for macrophage polarization. Through Latin hypercube sampling we generate a virtual cohort of patients with biologically feasible dynamics. We use a variety of methods to analyze the results, including a random forest decision tree algorithm and parameter sensitivity with eFAST. Analysis shows that parameters and properties of transients related to epithelial repair and M1 activation and de-activation best predicted outcome. Using this new information, we hypothesize inter-ventions and use these treatment strategies to modulate damage in select virtual cases.
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11
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Protein succination as a potential surrogate biomarker of airway obstruction. The ilervas project. Respir Med 2020; 172:106124. [PMID: 32919375 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway obstruction (AO) is associated with hypoxemia, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. These conditions can favor the formation of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) and induce mitochondrial stress. The latter can alter metabolite intermediates in the Krebs cycle leading to the formation of the cysteine-fumarate adduct S-(2-succino) cysteine (2SC) in proteins (protein succination). Protein succination has not been described in airways diseases. RESEARCH QUESTION To assess differences in levels of AGEs and 2SC between patients with AO and normal spirometry. STUDY DESIGN and Methods: In this case-control study, we investigated 35 moderate to severe AO patients and 31 subjects with normal spirometry, matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), tobacco history, prediabetes and adherence to Mediterranean diet. Plasma 2SC and AGEs concentrations were measured by GS/MS, and AGEs in skin were determined measuring autofluorescence (SAF). Multivariate logistic regression models explored the association between AGEs in the skin, 2SC and the presence of AO. RESULTS The population was predominantly middle-age (mean of 58.7 years-old), overweight (median of BMI 26.7 kg/m2) and male subjects (69.7%). Patients with AO showed higher values of SAF (p = 0.04) and 2SC (p = 0.047). No differences were observed for plasma AGEs. SAF and 2SC were significantly associated with the presence of AO after adjusting for age, gender, smoking history, BMI and Mediterranean diet score (p = 0.041 and p = 0.038, respectively). INTERPRETATION Skin AGEs and 2SC are increased in patients with moderate to severe AO and independently associated with its presence. Further studies should confirm these findings and explore their potential role as a biomarker for the disease.
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Schulte H, Mühlfeld C, Brandenberger C. Age-Related Structural and Functional Changes in the Mouse Lung. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1466. [PMID: 31866873 PMCID: PMC6904284 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung function declines with advancing age. To improve our understanding of the structure-function relationships leading to this decline, we investigated structural alterations in the lung and their impact on micromechanics and lung function in the aging mouse. Lung function analysis was performed in 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months old C57BL/6 mice (n = 7-8/age), followed by lung fixation and stereological sample preparation. Lung parenchymal volume, total, ductal and alveolar airspace volume, alveolar volume and number, septal volume, septal surface area and thickness were quantified by stereology as well as surfactant producing alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cell volume and number. Parenchymal volume, total and ductal airspace volume increased in old (18 and 24 months) compared with middle-aged (6 and 12 months) and young (3 months) mice. While the alveolar number decreased from young (7.5 × 106) to middle-aged (6 × 106) and increased again in old (9 × 106) mice, the mean alveolar volume and mean septal surface area per alveolus conversely first increased in middle-aged and then declined in old mice. The ATII cell number increased from middle-aged (8.8 × 106) to old (11.8 × 106) mice, along with the alveolar number, resulting in a constant ratio of ATII cells per alveolus in all age groups (1.4 ATII cells per alveolus). Lung compliance and inspiratory capacity increased, whereas tissue elastance and tissue resistance decreased with age, showing greatest changes between young and middle-aged mice. In conclusion, alveolar size declined significantly in old mice concomitant with a widening of alveolar ducts and late alveolarization. These changes may partly explain the functional alterations during aging. Interestingly, despite age-related lung remodeling, the number of ATII cells per alveolus showed a tightly controlled relation in all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Schulte
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hanover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hanover, Germany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hanover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hanover, Germany
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13
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Devadoss D, Long C, Langley RJ, Manevski M, Nair M, Campos MA, Borchert G, Rahman I, Chand HS. Long Noncoding Transcriptome in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:678-688. [PMID: 31486667 PMCID: PMC6890411 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0184tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic airway inflammation from recurring exposures to noxious environmental stimuli results in a progressive and irreversible airflow limitation and the lung parenchymal damage that characterizes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The large variability observed in the onset and progression of COPD is primarily driven by complex gene-environment interactions. The transcriptomic and epigenetic memory potential of lung epithelial and innate immune cells drive responses, such as mucus hyperreactivity and airway remodeling, that are tightly regulated by various molecular mechanisms, for which several candidate susceptibility genes have been described. However, the recently described noncoding RNA species, in particular the long noncoding RNAs, may also have an important role in modulating pulmonary responses to chronic inhalation of toxic substances and the development of COPD. This review outlines the features of long noncoding RNAs that have been implicated in regulating the airway inflammatory responses to cigarette smoke exposure and their possible association with COPD pathogenesis. As COPD continues to debilitate the increasingly aging population and contribute to higher morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, the search for better biomarkers and alternative therapeutic options is pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Devadoss
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Christopher Long
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Raymond J. Langley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Marko Manevski
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael A. Campos
- Pulmonary Section, Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, Florida
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida; and
| | - Glen Borchert
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Hitendra S. Chand
- Department of Immunology and Nano-Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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14
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Moroncini G, Paolini C, Orlando F, Capelli C, Grieco A, Tonnini C, Agarbati S, Mondini E, Saccomanno S, Goteri G, Svegliati Baroni S, Provinciali M, Introna M, Del Papa N, Gabrielli A. Mesenchymal stromal cells from human umbilical cord prevent the development of lung fibrosis in immunocompetent mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196048. [PMID: 29856737 PMCID: PMC5983506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is a severe condition resulting from several interstial lung diseases (ILD) with different etiologies. Current therapy of ILD, especially those associated with connective tissue diseases, is rather limited and new anti-fibrotic strategies are needed. In this study, we investigated the anti-fibrotic activity in vivo of human mesenchymal stromal cells obtained from whole umbilical cord (hUC-MSC). Adult immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice (n. = 8 for each experimental condition) were injected intravenously with hUC-MSC (n. = 2.5 × 105) twice, 24 hours and 7 days after endotracheal injection of bleomycin. Upon sacrifice at days 8, 14, 21, collagen content, inflammatory cytokine profile, and hUC-MSC presence in explanted lung tissue were analyzed. Systemic administration of a double dose of hUC-MSC significantly reduced bleomycin-induced lung injury (inflammation and fibrosis) in mice through a selective inhibition of the IL6-IL10-TGFβ axis involving lung M2 macrophages. Only few hUC-MSC were detected from explanted lungs, suggesting a “hit and run” mechanism of action of this cellular therapy. Our data indicate that hUC-MSC possess strong in vivo anti-fibrotic activity in a mouse model resembling an immunocompetent human subject affected by inflammatory ILD, providing proof of concept for ad-hoc clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Moroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiara Paolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Orlando
- Centro di Tecnologie Avanzate nell’Invecchiamento, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Capelli
- UOS Centro di Terapia Cellulare "G. Lanzani", A.S.S.T. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Antonella Grieco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cecilia Tonnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Agarbati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mondini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Saccomanno
- AnatomiaPatologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche s e Sanità Pubblica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gaia Goteri
- AnatomiaPatologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche s e Sanità Pubblica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Svegliati Baroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Centro di Tecnologie Avanzate nell’Invecchiamento, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- UOS Centro di Terapia Cellulare "G. Lanzani", A.S.S.T. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Del Papa
- UOC Day Hospital di Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Reumatologia, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milano, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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15
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Ricci-Vitor AL, Marques Vanderlei LC, dos Santos AAS, Vanzella LM, Destro Christofaro DG, de Abreu LC, Cipulo Ramos EM, de Godoy MF, Filho CF, Ferreira C. The exclusive presence of the chronic pulmonary disease could be more important in affecting autonomic cardiac modulation than the severity of airflow obstruction: Analysis using heart rate variability. Biomed Signal Process Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Marengoni A, Vetrano DL, Manes-Gravina E, Bernabei R, Onder G, Palmer K. The Relationship Between COPD and Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Chest 2018; 154:21-40. [PMID: 29477493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is common in seniors and is characterized by diminished physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to stressors. Frailty can change the prognosis and treatment approach of several chronic diseases, including COPD. The association between frailty and COPD has never been systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the association of COPD with frailty and pre-frailty. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used when reporting this review. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from January 1, 2002, to October 6, 2017. The quality of the studies was evaluated by using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Two assessors independently rated each study: scores > 7 were considered a low risk of bias; 5 to 7, a moderate risk of bias; and < 5, a high risk of bias. Pooled estimates were obtained through random effect models and Mantel-Haenszel weighting. Homogeneity (I2) and publication bias were assessed. RESULTS A total of 27 studies were selected: 23 cross-sectional, three longitudinal, and one both. The pooled prevalence of pre-frailty in individuals with COPD was 56% (95% CI, 52-60; I2 = 80.8%); it was 19% (95% CI, 14-24; I2 = 94.4%) for frailty. Patients with COPD had a two-fold increased odds of frailty (pooled OR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.53-2.53]; I2 = 0.0%). Three longitudinal studies, presenting heterogeneous aims and methods, suggested a bidirectional association between COPD and frailty. CONCLUSIONS Frailty and pre-frailty are common in individuals with COPD. Older subjects with COPD have a two-fold increased odds of frailty. These results may have clinical implications, as they identify the need to assess frailty in individuals with COPD and to further investigate any potential negative effects associated with the co-occurrence of these conditions. Longitudinal research that examines temporal associations between COPD and frailty are needed to further clarify this relationship and to assess if treatment of COPD may prevent the onset of frailty. TRIAL REGISTRY PROSPERO registration No.: 58302; URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Marengoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide L Vetrano
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Geriatrics, Centro Medicina dell'Invecchiamento, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ester Manes-Gravina
- Department of Geriatrics, Centro Medicina dell'Invecchiamento, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Department of Geriatrics, Centro Medicina dell'Invecchiamento, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Geriatrics, Centro Medicina dell'Invecchiamento, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Health and disease phenotyping in old age using a cluster network analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15608. [PMID: 29142224 PMCID: PMC5688160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ageing is a complex trait that involves the synergistic action of numerous biological processes that interact to form a complex network. Here we performed a network analysis to examine the interrelationships between physiological and psychological functions, disease, disability, quality of life, lifestyle and behavioural risk factors for ageing in a cohort of 3,270 subjects aged ≥55 years. We considered associations between numerical and categorical descriptors using effect-size measures for each variable pair and identified clusters of variables from the resulting pairwise effect-size network and minimum spanning tree. We show, by way of a correspondence analysis between the two sets of clusters, that they correspond to coarse-grained and fine-grained structure of the network relationships. The clusters obtained from the minimum spanning tree mapped to various conceptual domains and corresponded to physiological and syndromic states. Hierarchical ordering of these clusters identified six common themes based on interactions with physiological systems and common underlying substrates of age-associated morbidity and disease chronicity, functional disability, and quality of life. These findings provide a starting point for indepth analyses of ageing that incorporate immunologic, metabolomic and proteomic biomarkers, and ultimately offer low-level-based typologies of healthy and unhealthy ageing.
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18
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Undernutrition state in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A critical appraisal on diagnostics and treatment. Respir Med 2016; 117:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Repeated Activation of Lung Invariant NKT Cells Results in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Like Symptoms. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147710. [PMID: 26811900 PMCID: PMC4727802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and emphysema, which lead to reduced lung function and breathlessness. The pathologies of COPD are due to an abnormal immune response. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are an important population of innate lymphocytes and have been implicated in the regulation of immune responses associated with a broad range of diseases including COPD. We have here analyzed the role of iNKT cells in a model of COPD induced by repeated intranasal administration of iNKT cell agonist α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). Our results demonstrated that mice that received repeated intranasal administration of α-GalCer had molecular and inflammatory features of COPD including airway inflammation with significant increases in infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes, CD8+ T cells, as well as proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. In particular, these mice also showed the presence of pulmonary emphysema, mucus production, and pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, neutralization of IL-4 reduced α-GalCer induced emphysema. This study indicates the importance of iNKT cells in the pathogenesis of COPD by an IL-4 dependent mechanism.
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Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is associated with sustained inflammation, excessive injury, and accelerated lung aging. Human Klotho (KL) is an anti-aging protein that protects cells against inflammation and damage. In the present study, we quantified KL expression in the lungs of COPD patients and in an ozone-induced mouse model of COPD, and investigated the mechanisms that control KL expression and function in the airways. KL distribution and levels in human and mouse airways were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The effect of CSE (cigarette smoke extract) on KL expression was detected in human bronchial epithelial cells. Moreover, the effect of KL on CSE-mediated inflammation and hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular injury/apoptosis was determined using siRNAs. KL expression was decreased in the lungs of smokers and further reduced in patients with COPD. Similarly, 6 weeks of exposure to ozone decreased KL levels in airway epithelial cells. CSE and TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) decreased KL expression and release from airway epithelial cells, which was associated with enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, KL depletion increased cell sensitivity to cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and oxidative stress-induced cell damage. These effects involved the NF-κB (nuclear factor κB), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) pathways. Reduced KL expression in COPD airway epithelial cells was associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms associated with the accelerated lung aging in COPD development.
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21
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Yamaya Y, Sugiya H, Watari T. Methylation of free-floating deoxyribonucleic acid fragments in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of dogs with chronic bronchitis exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Ir Vet J 2015; 68:7. [PMID: 25937920 PMCID: PMC4417338 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-015-0035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The etiology of canine chronic bronchitis (CB) is not completely understood, although exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) affects the airway inflammatory responses in some dogs with CB. The mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Findings We investigated the concentrations and methylation rates of free-floating DNA fragments in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from dogs with chronic bronchitis. Based on serum cotinine levels, dogs with CB were divided into 2 groups: dogs that either had or had not been exposed to ETS. Our results demonstrated that the total nucleated cell and macrophage numbers increased in BALF of ETS-exposed dogs with CB. There were no significant differences in DNA concentrations and methylation rates in BALF between the 2 groups. However, 3 out of 8 dogs exposed to ETS had high DNA methylation rates in their BALF samples. Conclusion Our results suggest that ETS exposure leads to epigenetic modifications of cellular components in BALF in dogs diagnosed with CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Yamaya
- Laboratory of Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Toshihiro Watari
- Laboratory of Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino 1866, Fujisawa, Kanagawa Japan
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22
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Christofidou-Solomidou M, Pietrofesa RA, Arguiri E, Schweitzer KS, Berdyshev EV, McCarthy M, Corbitt A, Alwood JS, Yu Y, Globus RK, Solomides CC, Ullrich RL, Petrache I. Space radiation-associated lung injury in a murine model. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 308:L416-28. [PMID: 25526737 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00260.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in identifying health risks to crewmembers related to exposure to galactic/cosmic rays and solar particle events (SPE) during space travel, its long-term effects on the pulmonary system are unknown. We used a murine risk projection model to investigate the impact of exposure to space-relevant radiation (SR) on the lung. C3H mice were exposed to (137)Cs gamma rays, protons (acute, low-dose exposure mimicking the 1972 SPE), 600 MeV/u (56)Fe ions, or 350 MeV/u (28)Si ions at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Animals were irradiated at the age of 2.5 mo and evaluated 23.5 mo postirradiation, at 26 mo of age. Compared with age-matched nonirradiated mice, SR exposures led to significant air space enlargement and dose-dependent decreased systemic oxygenation levels. These were associated with late mild lung inflammation and prominent cellular injury, with significant oxidative stress and apoptosis (caspase-3 activation) in the lung parenchyma. SR, especially high-energy (56)Fe or (28)Si ions markedly decreased sphingosine-1-phosphate levels and Akt- and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, depleted anti-senescence sirtuin-1 and increased biochemical markers of autophagy. Exposure to SR caused dose-dependent, pronounced late lung pathological sequelae consistent with alveolar simplification and cellular signaling of increased injury and decreased repair. The associated systemic hypoxemia suggested that this previously uncharacterized space radiation-associated lung injury was functionally significant, indicating that further studies are needed to define the risk and to develop appropriate lung-protective countermeasures for manned deep space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
| | - Ralph A Pietrofesa
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evguenia Arguiri
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kelly S Schweitzer
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Evgeny V Berdyshev
- Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Astrid Corbitt
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas
| | - Joshua S Alwood
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Moffett Field, California
| | - Yongjia Yu
- University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas
| | - Ruth K Globus
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
| | | | | | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Hoonhorst SJM, Timens W, Koenderman L, Lo Tam Loi AT, Lammers JWJ, Boezen HM, van Oosterhout AJM, Postma DS, Ten Hacken NHT. Increased activation of blood neutrophils after cigarette smoking in young individuals susceptible to COPD. Respir Res 2014; 15:121. [PMID: 25301367 PMCID: PMC4203909 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-014-0121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Only a subgroup of smokers develops COPD and it is unclear why these individuals are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of cigarette smoking. The risk to develop COPD is known to be higher in individuals with familial aggregation of COPD. This study aimed to investigate if acute systemic and local immune responses to cigarette smoke differentiate between individuals susceptible or non-susceptible to develop COPD, both at young (18-40 years) and old (40-75 years) age. Methods All participants smoked three cigarettes in one hour. Changes in inflammatory markers in peripheral blood (at 0 and 3 hours) and in bronchial biopsies (at 0 and 24 hours) were investigated. Acute effects of smoking were analyzed within and between susceptible and non-susceptible individuals, and by multiple regression analysis. Results Young susceptible individuals showed significantly higher increases in the expression of FcγRII (CD32) in its active forms (A17 and A27) on neutrophils after smoking (p = 0.016 and 0.028 respectively), independently of age, smoking status and expression of the respective markers at baseline. Smoking had no significant effect on mediators in blood or inflammatory cell counts in bronchial biopsies. In the old group, acute effects of smoking were comparable between healthy controls and COPD patients. Conclusions We show for the first time that COPD susceptibility at young age associates with an increased systemic innate immune response to cigarette smoking. This suggests a role of systemic inflammation in the early induction phase of COPD. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00807469 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-014-0121-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J M Hoonhorst
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Adèle T Lo Tam Loi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan-Willem J Lammers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - H Marike Boezen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Antoon J M van Oosterhout
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Lab of Allergy and Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nick H T Ten Hacken
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,GRIAC research institute, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Hoonhorst SJM, Lo Tam Loi AT, Hartman JE, Telenga ED, van den Berge M, Koenderman L, Lammers JWJ, Boezen HM, Postma DS, Ten Hacken NHT. Advanced glycation end products in the skin are enhanced in COPD. Metabolism 2014; 63:1149-56. [PMID: 25034386 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) inducing oxidative stress and local tissue injury, resulting in pulmonary inflammation. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are produced by glycation and oxidation processes and their formation is accelerated in inflammatory conditions. In this study we assessed whether AGE accumulation in the skin is elevated in COPD and associates with disease severity. METHODS 202 mild-to-very-severe COPD patients and 83 old (40-75 years) and 110 young (18-40 years) healthy smokers and never-smokers were included. AGEs were measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF). Demographic variables, smoking habits, co-morbidities and lung function values were obtained. RESULTS COPD patients (FEV₁=55% predicted) had significantly higher SAF values than old and young healthy controls: 2.5 vs. 1.8 and 1.2 (arbitrary units, p<0.05). No differences in SAF values were found between GOLD stages I-IV (2.4, 2.3, 2.5, 2.5 respectively). Lower function (FEV₁/FVC, MEF₅₀/FVC, RV/TLC) and higher number of packyears were significantly associated with SAF (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS SAF is increased in mild-to-very severe COPD patients compared with healthy controls. Interestingly, SAF was not associated with disease severity as values were comparable between different GOLD stages (stage I-IV) of COPD. This may suggest that AGEs play a role in the induction phase of COPD in susceptible smokers. Future studies should further investigate the mechanisms underlying AGEs formation and accumulation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J M Hoonhorst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adèle T Lo Tam Loi
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jorine E Hartman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eef D Telenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem J Lammers
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H Marike Boezen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nick H T Ten Hacken
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Canan CH, Gokhale NS, Carruthers B, Lafuse WP, Schlesinger LS, Torrelles JB, Turner J. Characterization of lung inflammation and its impact on macrophage function in aging. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:473-80. [PMID: 24935957 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0214-093rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation that occurs with increasing age (inflammaging) is thought to contribute to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to several disease states. The elderly are at significant risk for developing pulmonary disorders and infectious diseases, but the contribution of inflammation in the pulmonary environment has received little attention. In this study, we demonstrate that the lungs of old mice have elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and a resident population of highly activated pulmonary macrophages that are refractory to further activation by IFN-γ. The impact of this inflammatory state on macrophage function was determined in vitro in response to infection with M.tb. Macrophages from the lungs of old mice secreted more proinflammatory cytokines in response to M.tb infection than similar cells from young mice and also demonstrated enhanced M.tb uptake and P-L fusion. Supplementation of mouse chow with the NSAID ibuprofen led to a reversal of lung and macrophage inflammatory signatures. These data indicate that the pulmonary environment becomes inflammatory with increasing age and that this inflammatory environment can be reversed with ibuprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia H Canan
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, and Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
| | - Nandan S Gokhale
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, and Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
| | - Bridget Carruthers
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, and Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
| | - William P Lafuse
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, and Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, and Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
| | - Jordi B Torrelles
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, and Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, and Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
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Rodrigues FMM, Ramos D, Xavier RF, Ito JT, Souza APD, Fernandes RA, Cecchini R, Rossi e Silva RC, Macchione M, Toledo-Arruda ACD, Guarnier FA, Ramos EMC. Nasal and systemic inflammatory profile after short term smoking cessation. Respir Med 2014; 108:999-1006. [PMID: 24863424 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking cessation promotes health benefits and, despite cigarette smoking be an important pro inflammatory stimulus, there are few studies concerning the nasal and systemic inflammation; as well as the mucociliary clearance behavior in smokers after short period of smoking cessation. AIM To evaluate the nasal and systemic inflammatory markers and mucociliary clearance behavior after 30 days of cigarette smoking abstinence. METHODS Twenty-five smokers were included and divided into two groups: abstinent smokers (n = 14) and current smokers (n = 11). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were measured on nasal lavage and blood serum samples by ELISA at baseline and after 30 days. The mucociliary clearance, exhaled carbon monoxide (exCO) and carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) were also measured at the same moments. RESULTS There was a decrease of TNF-α level only in blood serum at 30 days of abstinence compared to current smokers. The mucociliary clearance improved and there was a reduction in exCO and HbCO (p < 0.05 for all) after 30 days of smoking cessation. CONCLUSION The short term smoking abstinence decreased systemic inflammation and improved nasal mucociliary clearance, despite not having changed the nasal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dionei Ramos
- Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Tiyaki Ito
- Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Alcirene Policarpo de Souza
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Choqueta de Toledo-Arruda
- Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM-20), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | | | - Ercy Mara Cipulo Ramos
- Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
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Prevalence of systemic inflammation and micronutrient imbalance in patients with complex abdominal hernias. J Gastrointest Surg 2014; 18:646-55. [PMID: 24356980 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of low-grade inflammation, micronutrient imbalances and associated clinical profiles in patients being evaluated for complex abdominal hernia repair. METHODS Review of 127 consecutive adult patients for evaluation of complex ventral hernias from January 2012 to March 2013. Records were analyzed to determine the prevalence and correlations of clinical risk factors, attributes of hernias identified by computerized tomography, and laboratory indices of metabolism, inflammation and micronutrient imbalances. RESULTS Strong correlations (p < 0.001) were established for body mass index (BMI) with volume of hernia content and C-reactive protein (CRP) level. CRP levels correlated strongly with red cell distribution width and inversely with zinc (p < 0.01). Evidence of micronutrient imbalance (abnormal zinc or red cell distribution width [RDW]) was observed in 48%. CONCLUSIONS In this comorbidity-rich population with known variability in surgical outcomes, the prevalence of chronic inflammation and micronutrient deficiency are high enough to warrant systemic preoperative evaluation given their possible effect on wound healing and convalescence. Simple repletion is unlikely to improve outcomes without attention to the biological stresses that are associated with micronutrient imbalance.
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Functional roles of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:352371. [PMID: 24771982 PMCID: PMC3977509 DOI: 10.1155/2014/352371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural host defensive process that is largely regulated by macrophages during the innate immune response. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are proline-directed serine and threonine protein kinases that regulate many physiological and pathophysiological cell responses. p38 MAPKs are key MAPKs involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). p38 MAPK signaling plays an essential role in regulating cellular processes, especially inflammation. In this paper, we summarize the characteristics of p38 signaling in macrophage-mediated inflammation. In addition, we discuss the potential of using inhibitors targeting p38 expression in macrophages to treat inflammatory diseases.
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30
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Li Y, Yang C, Ma G, Gu X, Chen M, Chen Y, Zhao B, Cui L, Li K. Association of polymorphisms of the receptor for advanced glycation end products gene with COPD in the Chinese population. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:251-8. [PMID: 24520905 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a cell surface molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily that binds diverse endogenous ligands involved in the development of chronic diseases and inflammatory damage. A growing body of evidence has suggested that RAGE is involved in the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study investigated the existence of an association among three polymorphisms (-374T/A, -429T/C, and G82S) of the RAGE gene with the risk of COPD in the Chinese population. The RAGE genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 216 patients with COPD and 239 age-matched healthy individuals. Our study demonstrated that the frequencies of the GS genotype and the S allele in the G82S mutation were significantly higher in COPD patients than in controls (odds ratios [OR]=1.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-2.50, p=0.0098 and OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.06-1.91, p=0.023, respectively). Further stratification analysis by smoking status revealed that the presence of the GS genotype conferred a higher risk of developing COPD in current smokers (p=0.044). In contrast, mutations at -374T/A and -429T/C did not demonstrate any association with COPD, even after taking into account the patients' smoking history. Our study provides preliminary evidence that the G82S polymorphism in the RAGE gene is associated with an increased risk of COPD and that the GS genotype of the G82S variant is a risk factor for COPD in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- 1 Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College , Zhanjiang, China
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31
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Christenson SA, Brandsma CA, Campbell JD, Knight DA, Pechkovsky DV, Hogg JC, Timens W, Postma DS, Lenburg M, Spira A. miR-638 regulates gene expression networks associated with emphysematous lung destruction. Genome Med 2013; 5:114. [PMID: 24380442 PMCID: PMC3971345 DOI: 10.1186/gm519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by varying degrees of emphysematous lung destruction and small airway disease, each with distinct effects on clinical outcomes. There is little known about how microRNAs contribute specifically to the emphysema phenotype. We examined how genome-wide microRNA expression is altered with regional emphysema severity and how these microRNAs regulate disease-associated gene expression networks. Methods We profiled microRNAs in different regions of the lung with varying degrees of emphysema from 6 smokers with COPD and 2 controls (8 regions × 8 lungs = 64 samples). Regional emphysema severity was quantified by mean linear intercept. Whole genome microRNA and gene expression data were integrated in the same samples to build co-expression networks. Candidate microRNAs were perturbed in human lung fibroblasts in order to validate these networks. Results The expression levels of 63 microRNAs (P < 0.05) were altered with regional emphysema. A subset, including miR-638, miR-30c, and miR-181d, had expression levels that were associated with those of their predicted mRNA targets. Genes correlated with these microRNAs were enriched in pathways associated with emphysema pathophysiology (for example, oxidative stress and accelerated aging). Inhibition of miR-638 expression in lung fibroblasts led to modulation of these same emphysema-related pathways. Gene targets of miR-638 in these pathways were amongst those negatively correlated with miR-638 expression in emphysema. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that microRNAs are altered with regional emphysema severity and modulate disease-associated gene expression networks. Furthermore, miR-638 may regulate gene expression pathways related to the oxidative stress response and aging in emphysematous lung tissue and lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Christenson
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street Boston, MA 02118, USA ; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 Groningen, Netherlands ; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street Boston, MA 02118, USA ; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Darryl A Knight
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart and Lung Health, St Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada ; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, University Drive Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Dmitri V Pechkovsky
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart and Lung Health, St Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada ; Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, The Jack Bell Research Center, 2660 Oak Street Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - James C Hogg
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart and Lung Health, St Paul's Hospital and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 1081 Burrard St Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 Groningen, Netherlands ; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Hanzeplein 1, 9713 Groningen, Netherlands ; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marc Lenburg
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street Boston, MA 02118, USA ; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Avrum Spira
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street Boston, MA 02118, USA ; Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Saadat A, Zhu B, Haghi M, King G, Colombo G, Young PM, Traini D. The formulation, chemical and physical characterisation of clarithromycin-based macrolide solution pressurised metered dose inhaler. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 66:639-45. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The formulation of a clarithromycin (CLA) pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) solution formulation opens up exciting therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of inflammation in chronic obstructive lung diseases. In this study, we have formulated and tested a low dose macrolide formulation of CLA for treatment of inflammation and studied its physicochemical and aerosol properties.
Methods
The system was characterised for in-vitro aerosol performance using an Andersen cascade impactor. Short-term chemical and physical stability was assessed by dose content uniformity over a range of temperatures. Standard physicochemical characteristics were also investigated using scanning electron microscopy, thermo analysis and laser diffraction techniques.
Key findings
The formulation had a relatively high fine particle fraction (47%) and produced a particle size distribution suitable for inhalation drug delivery. Particles had an irregular morphology and were predominately amorphous. Furthermore, the short-term stability showed the formulation to be stable from 4 to 37°C.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated the feasibility of formulating a solution-based pMDI containing CLA for the treatment of lung inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Saadat
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bing Zhu
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehra Haghi
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory King
- Sydney Central Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gaia Colombo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paul M Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Hoenderdos K, Condliffe A. The Neutrophil in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Too Little, Too Late or Too Much, Too Soon? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:531-9. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0492tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Gellatly SL, Hancock RE. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: new insights into pathogenesis and host defenses. Pathog Dis 2013; 67:159-73. [DOI: 10.1111/2049-632x.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 788] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shaan L. Gellatly
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver; BC; Canada
| | - Robert E.W. Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research; University of British Columbia; Vancouver; BC; Canada
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Correlation between pulmonary function and brain volume in healthy elderly subjects. Neuroradiology 2013; 55:689-95. [PMID: 23440433 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-013-1157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking decreases brain regional gray matter volume and is related to chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). COPD leads to decreased pulmonary function, which is represented by forced expiratory volume in one second percentage (FEV1.0 %); however, it is unclear if decreased pulmonary function is directly related to brain gray matter volume decline. Because there is a link between COPD and cognitive decline, revealing a direct relationship between pulmonary function and brain structure is important to better understand how pulmonary function affects brain structure and cognitive function. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze whether there were significant correlations between FEV1.0 % and brain regional gray and white matter volumes using brain magnetic resonance (MR) image data from 109 community-dwelling healthy elderly individuals. METHODS Brain MR images were processed with voxel-based morphometry using a custom template by applying diffeomorphic anatomical registration using the exponentiated lie algebra procedure. RESULTS We found a significant positive correlation between the regional white matter volume of the cerebellum and FEV1.0 % after adjusting for age, sex, and intracranial volume. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that elderly individuals who have a lower FEV1.0 % have decreased regional white matter volume in the cerebellum. Therefore, preventing decreased pulmonary function is important for cerebellar white matter volume in the healthy elderly population.
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DNA damage due to oxidative stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16853-64. [PMID: 23222732 PMCID: PMC3546726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the American Thorasic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Statement, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a preventable and treatable disease with a strong genetic component, characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, but is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases. The main features of COPD are chronic inflammation of the airways and progressive destruction of lung parenchyma and alveolar structure. The pathogenesis of COPD is complex due to the interactions of several mechanisms, such as inflammation, proteolytic/antiproteolytic imbalance, oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, enhanced senescence of the structural cells and defective repair processes. This review focuses on the effects of oxidative DNA damage and the consequent immune responses in COPD. In susceptible individuals, cigarette smoke injures the airway epithelium generating the release of endogenous intracellular molecules or danger-associated molecular patterns from stressed or dying cells. These signals are captured by antigen presenting cells and are transferred to the lymphoid tissue, generating an adaptive immune response and enhancing chronic inflammation.
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Hadden H, Soldin SJ, Massaro D. Circadian disruption alters mouse lung clock gene expression and lung mechanics. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:385-92. [PMID: 22678966 PMCID: PMC3426166 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00244.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most aspects of human physiology and behavior exhibit 24-h rhythms driven by a master circadian clock in the brain, which synchronizes peripheral clocks. Lung function and ventilation are subject to circadian regulation and exhibit circadian oscillations. Sleep disruption, which causes circadian disruption, is common in those with chronic lung disease, and in the general population; however, little is known about the effect on the lung of circadian disruption. We tested the hypothesis circadian disruption alters expression of clock genes in the lung and that this is associated with altered lung mechanics. Female and male mice were maintained on a 12:12-h light/dark cycle (control) or exposed for 4 wk to a shifting light regimen mimicking chronic jet lag (CJL). Airway resistance (Rn), tissue damping (G), and tissue elastance (H) did not differ between control and CJL females. Rn at positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 2 and 3 cmH(2)O was lower in CJL males compared with controls. G, H, and G/H did not differ between CJL and control males. Among CJL females, expression of clock genes, Bmal1 and Rev-erb alpha, was decreased; expression of their repressors, Per2 and Cry 2, was increased. Among CJL males, expression of Clock was decreased; Per 2 and Rev-erb alpha expression was increased. We conclude circadian disruption alters lung mechanics and clock gene expression and does so in a sexually dimorphic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Hadden
- Lung Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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