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Khanjari Z, Iravani M, Abedi P, Ghanbari S. Effect of Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on sexual function of pregnant women: a double blind randomized controlled trial. Int J Impot Res 2024; 36:414-421. [PMID: 35854106 PMCID: PMC9295880 DOI: 10.1038/s41443-022-00598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on female sexual function during pregnancy. The present study was a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial performed on 124 pregnant women (62 people in each group) at 16-22 weeks of gestation who referred to health centers in Ilam in 2020 to receive prenatal care. The intervention group received 300 mg of omega-3 supplements and the control group received placebo once a day for 8 weeks. Data collection tools in this study included a demographic questionnaire, three 24-h dietary recall (24HR), female sexual function index (FSFI), and Van den Bergh Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ). Before intervention, the total score of sexual function in the intervention group and control groups, showed no statistically significant difference (P = 0.123). However, 4 and 8 weeks after intervention, the mean total score of sexual function in the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group after intervention (P < 0.0001). Before intervention, the total score of gestational anxiety in the intervention and control groups, showed no statistically significant difference (P = 0.149). However, 4 and 8 weeks after intervention, the mean total score of gestational anxiety in the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.0001). Based on three 24-h dietary recall, regardless of daily intake of 300 mg of omega-3 supplement, the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake from daily energy intake was not statistically significant between the intervention and control groups from baseline to follow-up (P > 0.01). Based on the results of this study, omega-3 supplementation could improve sexual function in pregnant women by preventing increased pregnancy anxiety. However, more studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of omega-3s on female sexual function during pregnancy. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (Ref. ID: IR.AJUMS.REC.1398.935) and registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Ref. ID: IRCT20200415047078N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Khanjari
- Midwifery Department, Nursing and Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mina Iravani
- Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Midwifery Department, Nursing and Midwifery School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Parvin Abedi
- Menopause Andropause Research Center, Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Ghanbari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Belloni A, Notarstefano V, Greco S, Pellegrino P, Giorgini E, Ciarmela P. FTIR Microspectroscopy as a new probe to study human uterine lesions: Characterization of tumor cell lines from uterine smooth muscle cells and evaluation of EPA and DHA in vitro treatments. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166873. [PMID: 37666437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
During their life, women are likely to develop uterine diseases, which often compromise their fertile and perimenopausal age. Besides benign lesions like leiomyomas, several malignant neoplasms can occur, such as the uterine leiomyosarcoma, which represents the most frequent malignancy among the rarest uterine cancers. It presents several variants similar to both benign and malignant neoplasms, and sometimes it shares symptoms with the benign counterpart. In this scenario, for a correct diagnosis and a successful prognosis, it is mandatory to detect new reliable markers which strengthen histopathological outcomes and let define a more appropriate and less harmful therapy. Based on this concerning evidence, in the present study, Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy has been exploited at a cellular level on uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma cell lines to (1) identify specific spectral biomarkers able to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions, and (2) evaluate the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (respectively EPA and DHA), already successfully tested. Results evidenced reliable differences in the spectral signature of benign and malignant cells, mainly in terms of lipids and nucleic acids composition. Moreover, even if EPA and DHA seemed to exert different effects on the tested cell lines, no cytotoxic and/or anti-apoptotic actions were observed after omega-3 based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Belloni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Valentina Notarstefano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Stefania Greco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Pamela Pellegrino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Giorgini
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Plotnikoff GA, Dobberstein L, Raatz S. Nutritional Assessment of the Symptomatic Patient on a Plant-Based Diet: Seven Key Questions. Nutrients 2023; 15:1387. [PMID: 36986117 PMCID: PMC10056340 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets, both vegan and vegetarian, which emphasize grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, and seeds are increasingly popular for health as well as financial, ethical, and religious reasons. The medical literature clearly demonstrates that whole food plant-based diets can be both nutritionally sufficient and medically beneficial. However, any person on an intentionally restrictive, but poorly-designed diet may predispose themselves to clinically-relevant nutritional deficiencies. For persons on a poorly-designed plant-based diet, deficiencies are possible in both macronutrients (protein, essential fatty acids) and micronutrients (vitamin B12, iron, calcium, zinc, and vitamin D). Practitioner evaluation of symptomatic patients on a plant-based diet requires special consideration of seven key nutrient concerns for plant-based diets. This article translates these concerns into seven practical questions that all practitioners can introduce into their patient assessments and clinical reasoning. Ideally, persons on plant-based diets should be able to answer these seven questions. Each serves as a heuristic prompt for both clinician and patient attentiveness to a complete diet. As such, these seven questions support increased patient nutrition knowledge and practitioner capacity to counsel, refer, and appropriately focus clinical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susan Raatz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Al-Husban N, Odeh O, Dabit T, Masadeh A. The Influence of Lifestyle Variables on Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:545-553. [PMID: 35444471 PMCID: PMC9013668 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s338651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary dysmenorrhea is a common and often debilitating, gynaecological condition. Objective To investigate the effects of specific lifestyle variables on the prevalence and severity of primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study of Jordanian women aged between 18-25 years old utilized a questionnaire as the main instrument of the study. Results Primary dysmenorrhea was reported by 660 women out of 1988. It was found that approximately two thirds of them were students. Overall, 54.5% of the participants reported severe dysmenorrhea. A statistically significant correlation was found between severe dysmenorrhea and smoking at p value ˂0.001, sleeping less than 7 hours per 24 hours at p = 0.005, holding a university degree at p = 0.032, non-alcohol consumption at p = 0.044, frequent energy, fizzy, tea, coffee drinks and sugar intake. Interestingly, we found that severe dysmenorrhea was statistically significantly associated with women who never eat meat at p ˂0.001, cereals and fish consumers and with those who take less than 3 servings of fruit or none at all per week at p = 0.006. In addition to the previous variables, water intake of less than 1.0 litre a day, irregular cycles, non-OCP use and positive family history were found significantly associated with severe dysmenorrhea. Severe dysmenorrhea was significantly related to working less hours per week, higher stress level and longer bleeding duration at p = 0.021, 0.017 and 0.008, respectively. On the other hand, there was no statistically significant difference found between severe dysmenorrhea and the following variables: age, body mass index (BMI), weekly studying hours and age of menarche. Conclusion Primary dysmenorrhea is prevalent in the Jordanian population. To overcome severe dysmenorrhea, women should increase their intake of fish and fresh fruits, drinking water and use of oral contraceptive pills. The study concluded that smoking, frequent sugar intake, fizzy drinks, coffee, tea and energy drinks were associated with severe dysmenorrhea. It is also worth mentioning that alcohol consumption had a positive impact on dysmenorrhea. Trial Registration Registered in Clinicaltrial.gov (ID: NCT04583943).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Al-Husban
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Omar Odeh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tala Dabit
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aya Masadeh
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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The impact of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 78:721-731. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-021-03263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ciebiera M, Esfandyari S, Siblini H, Prince L, Elkafas H, Wojtyła C, Al-Hendy A, Ali M. Nutrition in Gynecological Diseases: Current Perspectives. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041178. [PMID: 33918317 PMCID: PMC8065992 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and nutrition are fundamental in maintaining the general health of populations, including women’s health. Health status can be affected by nutrient deficiency and vice versa. Gene–nutrient interactions are important contributors to health management and disease prevention. Nutrition can alter gene expression, as well as the susceptibility to diseases, including cancer, through several mechanisms. Gynecological diseases in general are diseases involving the female reproductive system and include benign and malignant tumors, infections, and endocrine diseases. Benign diseases such as uterine fibroids and endometriosis are common, with a negative impact on women’s quality of life, while malignant tumors are among the most common cause of death in the recent years. In this comprehensive review article, a bibliographic search was performed for retrieving information about nutrients and how their deficiencies can be associated with gynecological diseases, namely polycystic ovary syndrome, infertility, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, and infections, as well as cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Moreover, we discussed the potential beneficial impact of promising natural compounds and dietary supplements on alleviating these significant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Sahar Esfandyari
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.)
| | - Hiba Siblini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Lillian Prince
- Biological Sciences Division, Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Hoda Elkafas
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.E.); (H.E.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Cairo 15301, Egypt
| | - Cezary Wojtyła
- International Prevention Research Institute-Collaborating Centre, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (H.S.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Chae M, Park K. Association between dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and depression in postmenopausal women. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:468-478. [PMID: 34349880 PMCID: PMC8313386 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.4.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the association between dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake and depression in postmenopausal women using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VI. SUBJECTS/METHODS The KNHANES is a cross-sectional nationwide health and nutrition survey. Dietary data, including omega-3 fatty acids, were assessed using the 24-h recall method. Depression was evaluated using a survey questionnaire. The association between dietary omega-3 fatty acids and depression was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Depression, according to the dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake, was expressed as the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 4,150 postmenopausal women were included in the analysis. RESULTS In the fully-adjusted model, the group with the highest dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake significantly showed lower prevalence of depression than the group with the lowest intake (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.33-0.83); a significant linear trend was detected (P for trend = 0.04). According to the dose-response analysis using cubic restricted spline regression, this association was linear and monotonic (P for non-linearity = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake in postmenopausal women was inversely proportional to depression in a dose-response manner. Large cohort studies are needed to verify the causality between omega-3 fatty acids and depression in Korean postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Chae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Kyong Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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8
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Association of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake with depressive symptoms in midlife women. J Affect Disord 2020; 261:164-171. [PMID: 31630038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the association of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) intake from diet with depressive symptoms in midlife women. METHODS Data for this cross-sectional study were retrieved from baseline assessment of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were performed to examine the association n-3 PUFA intake with depressive symptoms. RESULTS A total of 3054 women aged 42-52 years were included in the present study. In overall midlife women, n-3 PUFA intake was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥16) after adjustment for potential confounders. In early perimenopausal women, n-3 PUFA intake was inversely associated with depressive symptoms after adjustment for potential confounders. The fully adjusted OR with 95% CI of depressive symptoms were 0.062 (0.009-0.457) in the highest quartile (n-3 PUFAs intake was categorized by quartiles) compared with the lowest quartile for n-3 PUFA intake. Restricted cubic spline analyses showed that n-3 PUFA intake were dose-response inversely associated with depressive symptoms in early perimenopausal women. However, in premenopausal women, no significant association between depressive symptoms and n-3 PUFA intake was observed. LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study, limiting causal inferences. CONCLUSION Dietary n-3 PUFA may be inversely associated with depressive symptoms in early perimenopausal women, but not in premenopausal women.
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Ma X, Weng X, Hu X, Wang Q, Tian Y, Ding Y, Zhang C. Roles of different n-3/n-6 PUFA ratios in ovarian cell development and steroidogenesis in PCOS rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:7397-7406. [PMID: 31657414 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01730e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and common endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, which is accompanied by follicle growth arrest at the small antral stage, minimal granulosa cell proliferation, and chronic anovulation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are necessary for the body's metabolism, growth and development. Although PUFAs play an important role in the regulation of female reproduction, their role in ovarian development in PCOS is still unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different ratios of n-3/n-6 PUFAs (omega-3/omega-6) on ovary development in PCOS rats. Serum levels of reproductive hormones and enzymes related to steroidogenesis were assessed. The results indicated that PUFAs (n-3/n-6: 1/15) significantly increased ovarian weight and improved the ovarian structure although they had no significant effect on body weight in PCOS rats. Meanwhile, apoptosis was attenuated accompanied by increased cell proliferation by PUFAs (n-3/n-6: 1/15). Moreover, serum levels of hormones (FSH and E2) were also significantly increased by PUFAs (n-3/n-6: 1/15) accompanied by decreased T levels. To investigate whether PUFAs regulate the expression of enzymes related to hormone synthesis, western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of CYP51, CYP19, StAR and 3β-HSD. The results showed that PUFAs significantly increased the protein levels of all of these enzymes. These results indicate that PUFAs enhance the reproductive performance of PCOS by increasing the expression of steroidogenesis enzymes, which are related to hormone secretion and ovarian functions. These findings provide evidence that a balanced n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio is beneficial for PCOS reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Ma
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Xuechun Weng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Xusong Hu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Qiaozhi Wang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Yu Ding
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, Peoples' Republic of China.
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Elshani B, Kotori V, Daci A. Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in gestational diabetes, maternal and fetal insights: current use and future directions. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:124-136. [PMID: 30857450 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1593361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ω-3-Polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) are widely used during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). ω-3 PUFAs are beneficial in the regulation of maternal and fetal metabolic function, inflammation, immunity, macrosomia (MAC), oxidative stress, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth, preterm birth, offspring metabolic function, and neurodevelopment. Dietary counseling is vital for improving therapeutic outcomes in patients with GDM. In maternal circulation, ω-3 PUFAs are transported via transporters, synthesis enzymes, and intracellular proteins, which activate nuclear receptors and play central roles in the cellular metabolic processes of placental trophoblasts. In patients with GDM, this process is compromised due to abnormal functioning of the placenta, which disrupts the normal mother to fetus transport. This results in reduced fetal levels of ω-3 PUFAs, which contributes negatively to fetal growth, metabolic function, and development. Dietary counseling and nutritional assessment remain challenging in the prevention and alleviation of GDM. Therefore, personalized approaches, including measurement of the ω-3 index, pharmacogenetic implementation strategies, and appropriate supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs are used to achieve sufficient distribution in the maternal and fetal fluids during the entire pregnancy period. Developing new dosing guidelines and personalized approaches, determining the mechanisms of ω-3 PUFAs in the placenta, and examining the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics interactions involving ω-3 PUFAs will lead to better management and increase the quality of life of patients with GDM and their offspring. Moreover, different strategies for supplementing with ω-3 PUFAs, improving their placental transport, and pharmacological exploration of the maternal-fetal interactions will help to further elucidate the role of ω-3 PUFAs in women with GDM. In this review, we summarize the current information on the potential therapeutic benefits and clinical applicability of ω-3 PUFAs in patients with GDM and their offspring, highlighting recent progress and future perspectives in this field. Studies investigating the mechanisms of ω-3 PUFA transport to targeted tissues have spurred an interest in personalized treatment strategies for patients with GDM and their offspring. To implement such therapies, we need to clarify the index/ratio of ω-3 PUFAs in maternal and fetal fluids, delineate the ω-3 PUFA transport pathways, and establish the guidelines for FA profiling prepregnancy and during pregnancy-associated weight gain. Such therapies also need to take into account the gender of the fetus, and whether the patient is obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brikene Elshani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Vjosa Kotori
- Department of Endocrinology, Pediatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Armond Daci
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
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Silvestris E, Lovero D, Palmirotta R. Nutrition and Female Fertility: An Interdependent Correlation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:346. [PMID: 31231310 PMCID: PMC6568019 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides aging, a number of non-modifiable lifestyle-related factors, such as smoking, elevated consumption of caffeine and alcohol, stress, agonist sports, chronic exposure to environmental pollutants, and other nutritional habits exert a negative impact on a women's fertility. In particular, metabolic disorders including diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia commonly associated to hypercaloric diets are suspected to affect a woman's fertility either by direct damage to oocyte health and differentiation, or by indirect interference with the pituitary-hypothalamic axis, resulting in dysfunctional oogenesis. Obese women show decreased insulin sensitivity determining persistent hyperinsulinemia, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Thus, the reduced insulin secretion induced by dietary adjustments is an attractive non-pharmacological treatment to prevent infertility, and a Mediterranean diet aimed at maintaining normal body mass may be effective in the preservation of ovarian health and physiology. Furthermore, in relation to the oxidative stress as a co-factor of defective oocyte maturation, an appropriate intake of proteins, antioxidants and methyl-donor supplements (1-Carbon Cycle) may decrease the bioavailability of toxic oxidants resulting in the protection of oocyte maturation.
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12
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Hu X, Weng X, Tian Y, Wang C, Yang Y, Xu K, Zhang C. Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on steroidogenesis and cellular development in PCOS rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:2504-2514. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02319k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, which is characterized by hyperandrogenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusong Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- Peoples’ Republic of China
- College of Life Science
| | - Xuechun Weng
- College of Life Science
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Life Science
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Yanzhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance
- Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia
- Department of Histology and Embryology
- Ningxia Medical University
| | - Kaili Xu
- College of Life Science
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health
- Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- Peoples’ Republic of China
- College of Life Science
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Mumford SL, Browne RW, Kim K, Nichols C, Wilcox B, Silver RM, Connell MT, Holland TL, Kuhr DL, Omosigho UR, Perkins NJ, Radin R, Sjaarda LA, Schisterman EF. Preconception Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Fecundability. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4501-4510. [PMID: 30124893 PMCID: PMC6220440 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fatty acids (FAs) are important for reproductive processes, including steroidogenesis, though associations with fecundability, as measured by time to pregnancy (TTP), are unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between preconception plasma phospholipid FA (PPFA) levels and time to human chorionic gonadotropin-pregnancy among women with prior pregnancy loss. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort of 1228 women attempting pregnancy (aged 18 to 40 years, with one or two prior pregnancy losses) followed for up to six cycles at four US university medical centers during 2006 to 2012. PPFA levels were measured at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Associations with fecundability overall and by body mass index (BMI) group after adjusting for confounders were estimated using fecundability odds ratios (FORs) and 95% CIs. False discovery rate (FDR) was used to account for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were associated with increased fecundability or shorter TTP [FOR, 1.08 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.16) per unit increase in percentage of total FAs], whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were associated with decreased fecundability or longer TTP [FOR, 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.00) per 1% change], though associations only remained significant after FDR adjustment among women with BMI <25 kg/m2. Saturated FA and trans FA were not associated with fecundability. Omega-3 FAs and omega-6 linoleic acid were not associated with fecundability. CONCLUSION We observed associations between preconception MUFA and PUFA levels and fecundability among women with normal BMI, highlighting the importance of FA composition among normal-weight women with prior pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunni L Mumford
- Epidemiology Branch, DIPHR, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Sunni L. Mumford, PhD, Earl Stadtman Investigator, Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 6710B Rockledge Drive, MSC7004, Bethesda, Maryland 20817. E-mail:
| | - Richard W Browne
- Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Keewan Kim
- Epidemiology Branch, DIPHR, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christina Nichols
- Epidemiology Branch, DIPHR, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brian Wilcox
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert M Silver
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Matthew T Connell
- Epidemiology Branch, DIPHR, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiffany L Holland
- Epidemiology Branch, DIPHR, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel L Kuhr
- Epidemiology Branch, DIPHR, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ukpebo R Omosigho
- Epidemiology Branch, DIPHR, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neil J Perkins
- Epidemiology Branch, DIPHR, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rose Radin
- Epidemiology Branch, DIPHR, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lindsey A Sjaarda
- Epidemiology Branch, DIPHR, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Enrique F Schisterman
- Epidemiology Branch, DIPHR, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Postmenopausal osteoporosis and breast cancer: The biochemical links and beneficial effects of functional foods. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:571-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Berti C, Cetin I, Agostoni C, Desoye G, Devlieger R, Emmett PM, Ensenauer R, Hauner H, Herrera E, Hoesli I, Krauss-Etschmann S, Olsen SF, Schaefer-Graf U, Schiessl B, Symonds ME, Koletzko B. Pregnancy and Infants' Outcome: Nutritional and Metabolic Implications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 56:82-91. [PMID: 24628089 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.745477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex period of human growth, development, and imprinting. Nutrition and metabolism play a crucial role for the health and well-being of both mother and fetus, as well as for the long-term health of the offspring. Nevertheless, several biological and physiological mechanisms related to nutritive requirements together with their transfer and utilization across the placenta are still poorly understood. In February 2009, the Child Health Foundation invited leading experts of this field to a workshop to critically review and discuss current knowledge, with the aim to highlight priorities for future research. This paper summarizes our main conclusions with regards to maternal preconceptional body mass index, gestational weight gain, placental and fetal requirements in relation to adverse pregnancy and long-term outcomes of the fetus (nutritional programming). We conclude that there is an urgent need to develop further human investigations aimed at better understanding of the basis of biochemical mechanisms and pathophysiological events related to maternal-fetal nutrition and offspring health. An improved knowledge would help to optimize nutritional recommendations for pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berti
- a Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hospital 'L. Sacco', and Center for Fetal Research Giorgio Pardi , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - I Cetin
- a Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hospital 'L. Sacco', and Center for Fetal Research Giorgio Pardi , University of Milan , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - C Agostoni
- b Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - G Desoye
- c Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - R Devlieger
- d Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology , University Hospitals K.U. Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - P M Emmett
- e Centre for Child & Adolescent Health, School of Social & Community Medicine , University of Bristol , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - R Ensenauer
- f Research Center, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - H Hauner
- g Else Kroener-Fresenius-Centre for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar , Technical University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - E Herrera
- h Unit of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Universidad San Pablo CEU , Madrid , Spain
| | - I Hoesli
- i Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , University Hospital of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - S Krauss-Etschmann
- j Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Hospital , Munich , Germany.,k Helmholtz Zentrum München , Munich , Germany
| | - S F Olsen
- l Centre for Fetal Programming, Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - U Schaefer-Graf
- m Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Berlin Center for Diabetes & Pregnancy, St. Joseph Hospital , Berlin , Germany
| | - B Schiessl
- n Fetal Maternal Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , University of Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - M E Symonds
- o The Early Life Nutrition Research Unit, Academic Child Health, School of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital of Nottingham , Nottingham , United Kingdom
| | - B Koletzko
- p Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital , University of Munich Medical Centre , Munich , Germany
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Mumford SL, Chavarro JE, Zhang C, Perkins NJ, Sjaarda LA, Pollack AZ, Schliep KC, Michels KA, Zarek SM, Plowden TC, Radin RG, Messer LC, Frankel RA, Wactawski-Wende J. Dietary fat intake and reproductive hormone concentrations and ovulation in regularly menstruating women. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:868-77. [PMID: 26843151 PMCID: PMC4763493 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.119321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests potential links between some dietary fatty acids and improved fertility, because specific fatty acids may affect prostaglandin synthesis and steroidogenesis. OBJECTIVE The objective of this exploratory study was to evaluate associations between total and specific types of dietary fat intake and 1) hormone concentrations and 2) the risk of sporadic anovulation in a cohort of 259 regularly menstruating women in the BioCycle Study. DESIGN Endogenous reproductive hormones were measured up to 8 times/cycle for up to 2 cycles, with visits scheduled with the use of fertility monitors. Dietary intake was assessed with up to four 24-h recalls/cycle. Linear mixed models and generalized linear models were used to evaluate the associations between dietary fatty acids and both reproductive hormone concentrations and ovulatory status. All models were adjusted for total energy intake, age, body mass index, and race. RESULTS Relative to the lowest levels of percentage of energy from total fat, the highest tertile was associated with increased total and free testosterone concentrations (total: percentage change of 4.0%; 95% CI: 0.7%, 7.3%; free: percentage change of 4.1%; 95% CI: 0.5%, 7.7%). In particular, the percentage of energy from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the highest tertile was associated with increases in total and free testosterone (total: percentage change of 3.7%; 95% CI: 0.6%, 6.8%; free: percentage change of 4.0%; 95% CI: 0.5%, 7.5%). The PUFA docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) was not significantly associated with testosterone concentrations (P-trend = 0.86 in energy substitution models) but was associated with increased progesterone and a reduced risk of anovulation (highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile: RR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.95). Fat intakes were not associated with other reproductive hormone concentrations. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that total fat intake, and PUFA intake in particular, is associated with very small increases in testosterone concentrations in healthy women and that increased docosapentaenoic acid was associated with a lower risk of anovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research and
| | | | | | - Anna Z Pollack
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
| | | | | | - Shvetha M Zarek
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research and Program of Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Torie C Plowden
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research and Program of Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rose G Radin
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research and
| | - Lynne C Messer
- School of Community Health, Portland State University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and
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Zaree M, Shahnazi V, Fayezi S, Darabi M, Mehrzad-Sadaghiani M, Darabi M, Khani S, Nouri M. Expression Levels of PPARγ and CYP-19 in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Primary Granulosa Cells: Influence of ω-3 Fatty Acid. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 9:197-204. [PMID: 26246878 PMCID: PMC4518488 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The omega-3 fatty acid (ω-3 fatty acid) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is currently used in the clinic as a nutritional supplement in the treatment of poly- cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The present study was designed to investigate the ef- fect of EPA on the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and cytochrome P450 aromatase (encoded by the CYP-19) in primary cultured granulosa cells (GC) from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), and also to compare these effects with those in GC of PCOS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, human GC were isolated, pri- mary cultured in vitro, exposed to a range of concentrations of the EPA and in- vestigated with respect to gene expression levels of PPARγ and CYP-19 using real time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The participants (n=30) were the patients admitted to the IVF Center in February-March 2013 at Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, who were divided into two groups as PCOS (n=15) and non-PCOS (n=15) women (controls). RESULTS All doses of the EPA significantly induced PPARγ mRNA gene expression level as compared to the control recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) alone condi- tion. High doses of EPA in the presence of rFSH produced a stimulatory effect on expres- sion level of PPARγ (2.15-fold, P=0.001) and a suppressive effect (0.56-fold, P=0.01) on the expression level of CYP-19, only in the PCOS GC. CONCLUSION EPA and FSH signaling pathway affect differentially on the gene ex- pression levels of PPARγ and CYP-19 in PCOS GC. Altered FSH-induced PPARγ activity in PCOS GC may modulate the CYP-19 gene expression in response to EPA, and possibly modulates the subsequent steroidogenesis of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Zaree
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Shahnazi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Fayezi
- Students Research Committee, Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Darabi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahzad Mehrzad-Sadaghiani
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Khani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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The FDA's new advice on fish: it's complicated. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 211:475-478.e1. [PMID: 25072735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration and Environmental Protection Agency recently issued an updated draft of advice on fish consumption for pregnant and breastfeeding women, after survey data indicated that the majority of pregnant women do not eat much fish and thus may have inadequate intake of the omega 3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and ducosahexaenoic acid [DHA]. Omega 3 fatty acids are essential components of membranes in all cells of the body and are vitally important for normal development of the brain and retinal tissues (especially myelin and retinal photoreceptors) and for maintenance of normal neurotransmission and connectivity. They also serve as substrates for the synthesis of a variety of antiinflammatory and inflammation-resolving mediators, favorably alter the production of thromboxane and prostaglandin E2, and improve cardiovascular health by preventing fatal arrhythmias and reducing triglyceride and C-reactive protein levels. Maternal ingestion of adequate quantities of fish (defined in many studies as at least 340 g of oily fish each week) has been associated with better childhood IQ scores, fine motor coordination, and communication and social skills, along with other benefits. Although the FDA did not clarify which fish to eat, it specifically advised against eating fish with the highest mercury levels and implied that fish with high levels of EPA and DHA and low levels of mercury are ideal. The FDA draft did not recommend taking omega 3 fatty acid or fish oil supplements instead of eating fish, which is advice that may reflect the fact that randomized controlled trials of DHA and EPA or fish oil supplementation generally have been disappointing and that the ideal daily dose of DHA and EPA is unknown. It seems safe to conclude that pregnant and nursing women should be advised to eat fish to benefit from naturally occurring omega 3 fatty acids, to avoid fish with high levels of mercury and other contaminants, and, if possible, to choose fish with high levels of EPA and DHA.
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Bays HE, Tighe AP, Sadovsky R, Davidson MH. Prescription omega-3 fatty acids and their lipid effects: physiologic mechanisms of action and clinical implications. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 6:391-409. [DOI: 10.1586/14779072.6.3.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ammann EM, Pottala JV, Harris WS, Espeland MA, Wallace R, Denburg NL, Carnahan RM, Robinson JG. ω-3 fatty acids and domain-specific cognitive aging: secondary analyses of data from WHISCA. Neurology 2013; 81:1484-91. [PMID: 24068783 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a9584c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that higher levels of red blood cell (RBC) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have a protective association with domain-specific cognitive function in women aged 65 years and older. METHODS A total of 2,157 women with normal cognition enrolled in a clinical trial of postmenopausal hormone therapy were followed with annual cognitive testing for a median of 5.9 years. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed the relationship between prerandomization RBC DHA + EPA levels and a) cognitive measures at baseline, and b) cognitive change over time. Endpoints were composite cognitive function and performance in 7 cognitive domains: fine motor speed, verbal memory, visual memory, spatial ability, verbal knowledge, verbal fluency, and working memory. RESULTS After adjustment for demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics, no significant (p < 0.01) cross-sectional cognitive differences were found between women in the high and low DHA + EPA tertiles at the time of the first annual cognitive battery. In addition, no significant (p < 0.01) differences were found between the high and low DHA + EPA tertiles in the rate of cognitive change over time. CONCLUSIONS We did not find an association between RBC DHA + EPA levels and age-associated cognitive decline in a cohort of older, dementia-free women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Ammann
- From the Department of Epidemiology (E.M.A., R.W., R.M.C., J.G.R.), College of Public Health, and Departments of Internal Medicine (R.W., J.G.R.) and Neurology (N.L.D.), College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City; OmegaQuant Analytics (J.V.P., W.S.H.), Sioux Falls; Department of Medicine (W.S.H.), Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion; and Department of Biostatistical Sciences (M.A.E.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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Yen WJJ, Lewis NM. MyPyramid-omega-3 fatty acid nutrition education intervention may improve food groups and omega-3 fatty acid consumption in university middle-aged women. Nutr Res 2012; 33:103-8. [PMID: 23399660 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the impact of a nutrition education intervention on food groups and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid consumption in middle-aged women. We hypothesized that participants who received educational materials about n-3 fatty acids would have a higher consumption of foods rich in n-3 fatty acids than the MyPyramid group. The first phase of this study used the qualitative method to identify the beliefs and interests of middle-aged women about the topic of nutrition. Data were collected using semistructured individual interviews. Phase 2 was a quantitative study to assess the effectiveness of MyPyramid to improve dietary intake and self-efficacy after a 6-week online nutrition education intervention using a blog for university middle-aged female staff. The impact of n-3 fatty acid education on food consumption and self-efficacy was also assessed. Eight female staff (aged 45-65 years) in a Midwestern university participated in the interviews. Data were coded, and 3 themes emerged: "health," "lifestyle," and "availability." Eighty-eight middle-aged women participated in the intervention study and were randomized into either an intervention group or a control group. The overall consumption of the food groups was lower than the MyPyramid recommendation, except in the meat and beans group. There was a trend that participants were less certain to include n-3 fatty acids than whole grains in their diets. Using MyPyramid and supplementary information about n-3 fatty acids did not significantly affect participants' dietary consumption or self-efficacy to increase consumption from the food groups or to increase n-3 fatty acid consumption. Blog-based nutrition education is acceptable for this target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ju J Yen
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA.
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Djuric Z, Ren J, Brown PR, Ellsworth JS, Sen A. Lifestyle factors associated with serum N-3 fatty acid levels in breast cancer patients. Breast 2012; 21:608-11. [PMID: 22377591 PMCID: PMC3368994 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long chain n3 fatty acids appear to have beneficial effects in several domains of health relevant to breast cancer survivors. This study evaluated inter-individual differences in serum levels of n3 fatty acids in 40 breast cancer patients who were participating in a pilot study for prevention of weight gain. Significant predictors of baseline n3 fatty acid levels in serum were dietary intakes of n3 fatty acids, BMI, serum levels of carotenoids and TV hours watched/day, accounting for 43% of the variance. Counseling for prevention of weight gain also tended to increase n3 fatty acid blood levels over time during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Djuric
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Spezielle Arzneimitteltherapie in der Schwangerschaft. ARZNEIMITTEL IN SCHWANGERSCHAFT UND STILLZEIT 2012. [PMCID: PMC7271212 DOI: 10.1016/b978-3-437-21203-1.10002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Dennehy CE. The Use of Herbs and Dietary Supplements in Gynecology: An Evidence-Based Review. J Midwifery Womens Health 2010; 51:402-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmwh.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies have become increasingly popular for the treatment of a variety of conditions. The World Health Organization has recognized the value of traditional healing techniques, which are classified as CAM, for 30 years. In the United States nearly 50% of women use CAM for common medical conditions, significantly more than men. This pattern is frequently seen in the treatment of women's health conditions such as infertility, premenstrual syndrome, and menopause. This article provides an integrative approach for conditions commonly encountered in the primary care setting among women, discusses alternative therapies used to treat these health conditions, and provides an evidence-based summary of recommendations based on a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Zoorob
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr D.B. Todd Boulevard, Nashville, TN 37208, USA.
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Lazzarin N, Vaquero E, Exacoustos C, Bertonotti E, Romanini ME, Arduini D. Low-dose aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids improve uterine artery blood flow velocity in women with recurrent miscarriage due to impaired uterine perfusion. Fertil Steril 2009; 92:296-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Genuis SJ. To sea or not to sea: Benefits and risks of gestational fish consumption. Reprod Toxicol 2008; 26:81-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Revised: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
This article presents a case study of a new mother experiencing postpartum depression and altered attachment with her newborn. Theories related to postpartum depression and maternal-newborn attachment are reviewed, and evidenced-based strategies for care are discussed in the context of the case.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women. Functional food consumption can play an important role in the prevention and treatment of CVD. The purpose of this review is to establish recommendations for the intake of functional food ingredients in a healthy diet, such as soy proteins and isoflavone, omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) from fish oils (FOs) including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docoshexaenoic acid (DHA) and plant sterols-(PS) enriched foods – for prevention and treatment of CVD in postmenopausal women. First, controversial results exist on CVD risk factors after intake of soy protein and isoflavone that indicates that further clinical studies need to be done to better understand their role in maintaining and improving cholesterol levels. However, since soy contains polyunsaturated fats, replacing some higher fat meat protein sources with soy products may contribute to cardiovascular health. Secondly, FOs, including EPA and DHA, have shown promising effects for lowering triglyceride levels. In addition, emerging research appears to show that omega-3 FAs may have additional health effects with improved arterial health and a reduction in oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. Thirdly, foods and beverages supplemented with PS may reduce cholesterol; therefore, are a worthy addition to interventions aimed at lowering heart disease risk in women. Overall, incorporating functional foods into a healthy diet may be beneficial in helping to reduce lipids levels and thus the risk of CVD.
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Abstract
In many developed nations, the state of publicly administered health care is increasingly precarious as a result of escalating numbers of chronically ill patients, inadequate medical personnel and hospital facilities, as well as sparse funding for ongoing upgrades to state-of-the-art diagnostic and therapeutic technology - an increased emphasis on aetiology-centred medicine should be considered in order to achieve improved health for patients and populations. Medical practice patterns which are designed to provide quick and effective amelioration of signs and symptoms are frequently not an enduring solution to many health afflictions and chronic disease states. Recent scientific discovery has rendered the drug-oriented algorithmic paradigm commonly found in contemporary evidence-based medicine to be a reductionist approach to clinical practice. Unfolding evidence appears to support a genetic predisposition model of health and illness rather than a fatalistic predestination construct - modifiable epigenetic and environmental factors have enormous potential to influence clinical outcomes. By understanding and applying fundamental clinical principles relating to the emerging fields of molecular medicine, nutrigenomics and human exposure assessment, doctors will be empowered to address causality of affliction when possible and achieve sustained reprieve for many suffering patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Genuis
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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López-Torres E, Doblas P, Guerrero del Valle V, de Linares M. Evaluación clínica de los ácidos grasos omega-3 en la gestación, la lactancia y el desarrollo infantil. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN GINECOLOGIA Y OBSTETRICIA 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0210-573x(07)74484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rakel D, Rindfleisch JA. The Anti-Inflammatory Diet. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-2954-0.50092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Genuis SJ, Schwalfenberg GK. Time for an oil check: the role of essential omega-3 fatty acids in maternal and pediatric health. J Perinatol 2006; 26:359-65. [PMID: 16688204 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids (omega3FAs) is an often unrecognized determinant of clinical disease; the adequate availability of these essential nutrients may prevent affliction or facilitate health restoration in some pregnant women and developing offspring. The human organism requires specific nutrients in order to carry out the molecular processes within cells and tissues and it is well established that omega3FAs are essential lipids necessary for various physiological functions. Accordingly, to achieve optimal health for patients, care givers should be familiar with clinical aspects of nutritional science, including the assessment of nutritional status and judicious use of nutrient supplementation. In view of the mounting evidence implicating omega3FA deficiency as a determinant of various maternal and pediatric afflictions, physicians should consider recommending purified fish oil supplementation during pregnancy and lactation. Furthermore, omega3FA supplementation may be indicated in selected pediatric situations to promote optimal health among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Genuis
- Faculty of Medicine-OB/GYN, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Rao S, Joshi S, Kale A, Hegde M, Mahadik S. Maternal folic acid supplementation to dams on marginal protein level alters brain fatty acid levels of their adult offspring. Metabolism 2006; 55:628-34. [PMID: 16631439 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2005] [Accepted: 12/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies on fetal programming of adult diseases have highlighted the importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Folic acid and long-chain essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have independent effects on fetal growth. However, folic acid effects may also involve alteration of LC-PUFA metabolism. Because marginal deficiency of LC-PUFAs during critical periods of brain growth and development is associated with risks for adult diseases, it is highly relevant to investigate how maternal supplementation of such nutrients can alter brain fatty acid levels. We examined the impact of folic acid supplementation, conventionally used in maternal intervention, on brain essential fatty acid levels and plasma corticosterone concentrations in adult offspring at 11 months of age. Pregnant female rats from 4 groups (6 in each) were fed with casein diets either with 18 g protein/100 g diet (control diet) or treatment diets that were marginal in protein (MP), such as 12 g protein/100 g diet supplemented with 8 mg folic acid (FAS/MP), 12 g protein/100 g diet without folic acid (FAD/MP), or 12 g protein/100 g diet (MP) with 2 mg folic acid. Pups were weaned to a standard laboratory diet with 18 g protein/100 g diet. All male adult offspring in the FAS/MP group showed lower docosahexaenoic acid (P<.05) as compared with control adult offspring (6.04+/-2.28 vs 10.33+/-0.86 g/100 g fatty acids) and higher n-6/n-3 ratio (P<.05). Docosahexaenoic acid levels in FAS/MP adult offspring were also lower (P<.05) when compared with the MP group. Plasma corticosterone concentrations were higher (P<.05) in male adult offspring from the FAS/MP group compared with control as well as the MP adult offspring. Results suggest that maternal folic acid supplementation at MP intake decreased brain docosahexaenoic acid levels probably involving corticosterone increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Rao
- Biometry and Nutrition Unit, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India.
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Genuis SJ, Genuis SK. Exploring the continuum: medical information to effective clinical practice. Paper II. Towards aetiology-centred clinical practice. J Eval Clin Pract 2006; 12:63-75. [PMID: 16422781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2753.2005.00609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary clinical practice increasingly functions within a disease management paradigm aimed at finding and implementing therapeutic interventions that demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials. Disease prevention, elucidation of illness aetiology and proactive health promotion have taken a back seat. Current clinical care often includes a 'fast-food' type of medical encounter, which frequently neglects disease causality. The medical community is presently challenged by unique administrative and professional adversities as well as undue commercial influence; these factors contribute to a lethargic response to escalating rates of chronic illness and to mainstream medicine's relative inattention to emerging research about disease aetiology. Individual medical practitioners and the medical establishment must strategically seek to advance patient health and maintain professional relevancy by a renewed emphasis on the following principles: patient-based clinical care, aetiology-centred medicine, and proactive health promotion.
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Spezielle Arzneimitteltherapie in der Schwangerschaft. ARZNEIVERORDNUNG IN SCHWANGERSCHAFT UND STILLZEIT 2006. [PMCID: PMC7271219 DOI: 10.1016/b978-343721332-8.50004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fontani G, Corradeschi F, Felici A, Alfatti F, Bugarini R, Fiaschi AI, Cerretani D, Montorfano G, Rizzo AM, Berra B. Blood profiles, body fat and mood state in healthy subjects on different diets supplemented with Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35:499-507. [PMID: 16101670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets and Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been considered as important factors to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, but there are few details on the effects on healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to examine the variation of several physiological parameters in healthy subjects on different diets supplemented with Omega-3 fatty acids. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was carried out on 33 subjects divided into four groups according to a double-blind cross-over design with a 1 : 1 ratio for Omega-3 (vs. placebo) and open-label parallel-groups with a 1 : 1 ratio for the Zone diet (vs. the diet suggested by the Italian National Research Institute for Nutrition and Foods). Blood samples were collected at the beginning of the experiment and after 35 (cross-over) and 70 days. The Profile of Mood States test (POMS) was also performed. RESULTS The arachidonic acid/eicosapentaenoic acid ratio (AA/EPA) was strongly reduced by Omega-3 with a supplementary effect of the diet and in particular the Zone diet. The AA/EPA reduction was correlated with a concomitant decrease of insulin and homocysteine levels. The Zone diet reduced skinfold thickness and body fat percentage and also showed antioxidant effects. The mood state changed after Omega-3 supplementation, with an increased POMS index. This was related to a concomitant reduction of AA/EPA and was particularly evident in the Zone diet. CONCLUSION AA/EPA and mood state are differently influenced by diet and Omega-3, body fat is particularly reduced by Zone diet, while blood parameters such as triglycerides/HDL ratio, insulin and homocysteine are related to AA/EPA variations. These findings are discussed in terms of differences in the composition of the diets and the influences of Omega-3 on physiological functions.
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Moyad MA. An introduction to dietary/supplemental omega-3 fatty acids for general health and prevention: Part II. Urol Oncol 2005; 23:36-48. [PMID: 15885582 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2005.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The correction of a subtle nutritional deficiency that may reduce the risk of a future chronic disease is indeed a challenge. However, some specific examples in the past, such as the addition of folic acid to prevent neural tube defects and calcium and vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis, should provide some encouragement that some conditions can be prevented with the appropriate addition of a deficient compound. One of the most intriguing current and future impacts on public health may come from a higher intake of omega-3 fatty acids, such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The omega-3 fatty acids continue to accumulate research that suggests that they may prevent a variety of diverse chronic diseases and potentially some acute clinical scenarios. In the first part of this article, the potential for these compounds to prevent certain cardiovascular conditions are discussed. In the second part, the potential for an impact in arthritis, numerous areas of cancer research, depression, maternal and child health, neurologic diseases, osteoporosis, and other medical disciplines are also briefly covered. The future appears bright for these agents, but specifically which conditions, who qualifies, testing, frequency, adequate sources, future trials, and numerous other questions need to be addressed and answered before the potential impact can catch up to the recent hype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Moyad
- Phil F. Jenkins Director of Complementary & Alternative Medicine, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, 48109-0330, USA.
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