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Sumin AN, Oleinik PA, Bezdenezhnykh AV, Bezdenezhnykh NA. Prehabilitation in Cardiovascular Surgery: The Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (Randomized Clinical Trial). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2678. [PMID: 36768044 PMCID: PMC9916173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effects of prehabilitation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on muscle status and exercise capacity in patients before cardiac surgery. METHODS Preoperative elective cardiac surgery patients were randomly assigned to the NMES group or control group. Intervention in the NMES group was 7-10 sessions, whereas the control group carried out breathing exercises and an educational program. The outcome measures included a six-minute walk test (6MWT) and a muscle status assessment (knee extensor strength (KES), knee flexor strength (KFS), and handgrip strength (HS)) after the course of prehabilitation. RESULTS A total of 122 patients (NMES, n = 62; control, n = 60) completed the study. During the NMES course, no complications occurred. After the course prehabilitation KES, KFS, and 6MWT distance were significantly increased (all p < 0.001) in the NMES group compared to the control. There was no significant difference in HS before surgery. CONCLUSIONS A short-term NMES course before cardiac surgery is feasible, safe, and effective to improve preoperative functional capacity (six-minute walk distance) and the strength of stimulated muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N. Sumin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(3842)-64-33-08 or +7-9039-40-86-68; Fax: (3842)-64-34-10
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2
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Sasaki KI, Fukumoto Y. Sarcopenia as a comorbidity of cardiovascular disease. J Cardiol 2021; 79:596-604. [PMID: 34906433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the lowered skeletal muscle mass, weakened skeletal muscle strength, and reduced physical performance with aging, is a component of frailty and high-risk factor for falls, resulting in an increase in mortality. In cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, overactivation of ubiquitin-proteasome system, endothelial dysfunction, lowering muscle blood flow, impaired glucose tolerance, hormonal changes, and physical inactivity possibly contribute to CVD-related sarcopenia. Prevalence of sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia, which is osteopenia and sarcopenia coexisting together, seems to be higher in CVD patients than in community-dwelling adults, suggesting the necessity of early diagnosis and prevention of CVD-related sarcopenia. Atrial stiffness, coronary artery calcification score, and serum vitamin D levels may be of help as the biomarkers to suspect sarcopenia, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors may play a role in the medical prevention and treatment of CVD-related sarcopenia. There are few reports to convince the efficacies of dietary and antioxidant supplementation on sarcopenia at present, whereas aerobic and resistance training exercises have been recognized as an effective strategy to prevent and treat sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Sasaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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3
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Kalakoutis M, Di Giulio I, Douiri A, Ochala J, Harridge SDR, Woledge RC. Methodological considerations in measuring specific force in human single skinned muscle fibres. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13719. [PMID: 34286921 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemically skinned fibres allow the study of human muscle contractile function in vitro. A particularly important parameter is specific force (SF), that is, maximal isometric force divided by cross-sectional area, representing contractile quality. Although SF varies substantially between studies, the magnitude and cause of this variability remains puzzling. Here, we aimed to summarize and explore the cause of variability in SF between studies. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases in June 2020, yielding 137 data sets from 61 publications which studied healthy, young adults. Five-fold differences in mean SF data were observed. Adjustments to the reported data for key methodological differences allowed between-study comparisons to be made. However, adjustment for fibre shape, swelling and sarcomere length failed to significantly reduce SF variance (I2 = 96%). Interestingly, grouping papers based on shared authorship did reveal consistency within research groups. In addition, lower SF was found to be associated with higher phosphocreatine concentrations in the fibre activating solution and with Triton X-100 being used as a skinning agent. Although the analysis showed variance across the literature, the ratio of SF in single fibres containing myosin heavy chain isoforms IIA or I was found to be consistent across research groups. In conclusion, whilst the skinned fibre technique is reliable for studying in vitro force generation of single fibres, the composition of the solution used to activate fibres, which differs between research groups, is likely to heavily influence SF values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaeljohn Kalakoutis
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Abdel Douiri
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences King’s College London London UK
| | - Julien Ochala
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Stephen D. R. Harridge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Roger C. Woledge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
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Cullen MFL, Casazza GA, Davis BA. Passive Recovery Strategies after Exercise: A Narrative Literature Review of the Current Evidence. Curr Sports Med Rep 2021; 20:351-358. [PMID: 34234090 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Passive recovery techniques are popular and offer a diverse spectrum of options for athletes and the clinicians providing care for them. These techniques are intended to minimize the negative effects of training or competition, thus enabling the athlete a quicker return to peak performance. Current evidence demonstrates improved athlete recovery with compression garments, cold water immersion, partial body cryotherapy, hyperbaric oxygen, and vibratory therapies. Other popular modalities, such as compression devices, whole body cryotherapy, percussive gun-assisted therapy, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and pulsed electromagnetic therapy lack convincing evidence concerning athlete recovery. This article seeks to review the current literature and offer the reader an updated understanding of the mechanisms for each modality and the evidence regarding each modality's potential benefit in an athlete's recovery strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian A Davis
- Department of PhysicalMedicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA
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5
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Sumin AN, Oleinik PA, Bezdenezhnykh AV, Ivanova AV. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation in early rehabilitation of patients with postoperative complications after cardiovascular surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22769. [PMID: 33080746 PMCID: PMC7572009 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in early rehabilitation of patients with postoperative complications after cardiovascular surgery. METHODS 37 patients (25 men and 12 women) aged 45 to 70 years with postoperative complications after cardiovascular surgery were included in the study. Eighteen patients underwent NMES daily since postoperative day 3 until discharge in addition to standard rehabilitation program (NMES group), and 19 patients underwent standard rehabilitation program only (non-NMES group). The primary outcome was the knee extensors strength at discharge in NMES group and in control. Secondary outcomes were the handgrip strength, knee flexor strength, and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris in groups at discharge. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were not different between the groups. Knee extensors strength at discharge was significantly higher in the NMES group (28.1 [23.8; 36.2] kg on the right and 27.45 [22.3; 33.1] kg on the left) than in the non-NMES group (22.3 [20.1; 27.1] and 22.5 [20.1; 25.9] kg, respectively; P < .001). Handgrip strength, knee flexor strength, quadriceps CSA, and 6 minute walk distance at discharge in the groups had no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study shows a beneficial effect of NMES on muscle strength in patients with complications after cardiovascular surgery. The use of NMES showed no effect on strength of non-stimulated muscle, quadriceps CSA, and distance of 6-minute walk test at discharge.Further blind randomized controlled trials should be performed with emphasis on the effectiveness of NEMS in increasing muscle strength and structure in these patients.
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6
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Ogiso K, Miki S. Consecutive rebound jump training with electromyostimulation of the calf muscle efficiently improves jump performance. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Ogiso
- Department of Education College of Education, Psychology and Human Studies Aoyama Gakuin University Tokyo Japan
| | - Suguru Miki
- Master's Degree Program of Education Kogakkan University Ise Japan
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7
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Toth MJ, Voigt TB, Tourville TW, Prior SM, Guigni BA, Schlosberg AV, Smith IB, Forest TJ, Kaufman PA, Wood ME, Rehman H, Dittus K. Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on skeletal muscle size and function in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1654-1665. [PMID: 32378975 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00203.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise has numerous benefits for patients with cancer, but implementation is challenging because of practical and logistical hurdles. This study examined whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can serve as a surrogate for classic exercise by eliciting an exercise training response in skeletal muscle of women diagnosed with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Patients (n = 22) with histologically confirmed stage I, II, or III breast cancer scheduled to receive neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy were randomized to 8 wk of bilateral neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES; 5 days/wk) to their quadriceps muscles or control. Biopsy of the vastus lateralis was performed at baseline and after 8 wk of intervention to assess muscle fiber size, contractility, and mitochondrial content. Seventeen patients (8 control/9 NMES) completed the trial and were included in analyses. NMES promoted muscle fiber hypertrophy (P < 0.001), particularly in fast-twitch, myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIA fibers (P < 0.05) and tended to induce fiber type shifts in MHC II fibers. The effects of NMES on single-muscle fiber contractility were modest, and it was unable to prevent declines in the function in MHC IIA fibers. NMES did not alter intermyofibrillar mitochondrial content/structure but was associated with reductions in subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Our results demonstrate that NMES induces muscle fiber hypertrophy and fiber type shifts in MHC II fibers but had minimal effects on fiber contractility and promoted reductions in subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the utility of NMES as an exercise surrogate in cancer patients and other conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to evaluate whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can be used as an exercise surrogate to improve skeletal muscle fiber size or function in cancer patients receiving treatment. We show that NMES promoted muscle fiber hypertrophy and fiber type shifts but had minimal effects on single-fiber contractility and reduced subsarcolemmal mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Toth
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Thomas B Voigt
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Timothy W Tourville
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Shannon M Prior
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Blas A Guigni
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | | | - Isaac B Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Taylor J Forest
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Peter A Kaufman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Marie E Wood
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Hibba Rehman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Kim Dittus
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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Mancinelli R, Toniolo L, Di Filippo ES, Doria C, Marrone M, Maroni CR, Verratti V, Bondi D, Maccatrozzo L, Pietrangelo T, Fulle S. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Induces Skeletal Muscle Fiber Remodeling and Specific Gene Expression Profile in Healthy Elderly. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1459. [PMID: 31827446 PMCID: PMC6890722 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is a multifactorial process strictly related to progressive weakness. One of the results that were focused on was the fiber phenotype modification and their loss. The physiological muscle recruitment to contraction, basically prosecuted under volitional control, can also be engaged by means of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES). Knowing that the NMES is effective in improving muscle strength in active healthy elderly, the aim was to investigate which physiological modifications were able to produce in the Vastus lateralis muscle and the pathways involved. It was found that NMES increased the cross sectional area and the isometric strength of type II myofibers together with the activated myogenic pathway in order to shift glycolytic toward the oxidative phenotype II myofibers, at a molecular level and with an increase of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) at a functional level. Using the TaqMan low density array on 48 different genes, we found that NMES specific gene regulation highlighted: (i) increased protein synthesis with respect to protein degradation; (ii) the activation of an apoptotic pathway involved in the differentiation process; (iii) increased regeneration signals; (iv) oxidative enzyme regulation. These pathways were validated via confirmatory RT-PCR for genes involved in the regeneration process as well as Myosin isoforms. We also investigated the oxidative stress status analyzing superoxide anion levels, the protein expression of two different superoxide dismutase and the activity of both catalase and superoxide anion dismutase, being two main antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, data demonstrates that NMES is effective in producing physiological adaptation on Vastus Lateralis of active healthy elderly as well as providing new insights for further research on elderly who experienced muscle detriment for periodic or permanent immobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luana Toniolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ester Sara Di Filippo
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Christian Doria
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariangela Marrone
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Camilla Reina Maroni
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittore Verratti
- Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lisa Maccatrozzo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Functional Evaluation, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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9
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Filipovic A, DeMarees M, Grau M, Hollinger A, Seeger B, Schiffer T, Bloch W, Gehlert S. Superimposed Whole-Body Electrostimulation Augments Strength Adaptations and Type II Myofiber Growth in Soccer Players During a Competitive Season. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1187. [PMID: 31607944 PMCID: PMC6768094 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The improvement of strength and athletic performance during a competitive season in elite soccer players is a demanding task for the coach. Aims As whole-body electrostimulation (WB-EMS) training provides a time efficient stimulation potentially capable in exerting skeletal muscle adaptations we aimed to test this approach over 7 weeks in trained male soccer players during a competitive season. Hypothesis We hypothesized that a superimposed WB-EMS will increase maximal strength and type I and type II myofiber hypertrophy. Methods Twenty-eight male field soccer players were assigned in either a WB-EMS group (EG, n = 10), a training group (TG, n = 10), or a control group (CG, n = 8). The regular soccer training consists of two to four sessions and one match per week. In concurrent, the EG performed 3 × 10 squat jumps superimposed with WB-EMS twice per week, TG performed 3 × 10 squat jumps without EMS twice per week, and the CG only performed the regular soccer training. Muscle biopsies were collected and strength tests were performed under resting conditions before (Baseline) and after the intervention period (Posttest). Muscle biopsies were analyzed via western blotting and immunohistochemistry for skeletal muscle adaptive responses. To determine the effect of the training interventions a 2 × 3 (time ∗ group) mixed ANOVA with repeated measures was conducted. Results Maximal strength in leg press (p = 0.009) and leg curl (p = 0.026) was significantly increased in EG along with a small but significant increase in type II myofiber diameter (p = 0.023). All of these adaptations were not observed in TG and CG. Conclusion WB-EMS can serve as a time efficient training method to augment strength capacities and type II fiber myofiber growth in soccer players when combined with specific resistance training. This combination may therefore be a promising training modification compared to traditional strength training for performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Filipovic
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus DeMarees
- Section of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Sports Science, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marijke Grau
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Hollinger
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benedikt Seeger
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schiffer
- Outpatient Clinic for Sports Traumatology and Public Health Consultation, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gehlert
- Section of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Sport Science, Biosciences of Sports, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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10
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Pinfildi CE, Andraus RAC, Iida LM, Prado RP. NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF MEDIUM AND LOW FREQUENCY ON THE QUADRICEPS FEMORIS. ACTA ORTOPEDICA BRASILEIRA 2018; 26:346-349. [PMID: 30464720 PMCID: PMC6220661 DOI: 10.1590/1413-785220182605178164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in different frequencies on the quadriceps femoris. A randomized, controlled, blind cross-sectional study. Methods Thirty subjects (12 men and 18 women), with an average age of 24.67 years, weight of 65.62 kg and height of 1.69 m were evaluated. Three random test conditions were applied: maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), maximum voluntary isometric contraction with medium frequency current (MVIC-MF) and maximum voluntary isometric contraction with low frequency current (MVIC-LF). Four MVICs were applied in each situation. The time between different isometric contraction types was 90 seconds while the time between the same conditions of contraction was 10 seconds. Results Two-way ANOVA test showed that MVIC-MF had higher values for peak torque than MVIC-LF (p=0.02). Significant statistical results were found when comparing MVIC-MF and MVIC (p=0.03), but not for MVIC and MVIC-LF (p=0.52). Conclusion Maximum voluntary isometric contraction associated with medium-frequency electrical stimulation was more effective than other NMES conditions. Level of Evidence II, Therapeutic Studies - Investigation of treatment results.
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11
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Muthalib M, Ferrari M, Quaresima V, Kerr G, Perrey S. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy to probe sensorimotor region activation during electrical stimulation-evoked movement. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:816-822. [PMID: 29110426 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study used non-invasive functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging to monitor bilateral sensorimotor region activation during unilateral voluntary (VOL) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-evoked movements. METHODS In eight healthy male volunteers, fNIRS was used to measure relative changes in oxyhaemoglobin (O2 Hb) and deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb) concentrations from a cortical sensorimotor region of interest in the left (LH) and right (RH) hemispheres during NMES-evoked and VOL wrist extension movements of the right arm. RESULTS NMES-evoked movements induced significantly greater activation (increase in O2 Hb and concomitant decrease in HHb) in the contralateral LH than in the ipsilateral RH (O2 Hb: 0·44 ± 0·16 μM and 0·25 ± 0·22 μM, P = 0·017; HHb: -0·19 ± 0·10 μM and -0·12 ± 0·09 μM, P = 0·036, respectively) as did VOL movements (0·51 ± 0·24 μΜ and 0·34 ± 0·21 μM, P = 0·031; HHb: -0·18 ± 0·07 μΜ and -0·12 ± 0·04 μΜ, P = 0·05, respectively). There was no significant difference between conditions for O2 Hb (P = 0·144) and HHb (P = 0·958). CONCLUSION fNIRS neuroimaging enables quantification of bilateral sensorimotor regional activation profiles during voluntary and NMES-evoked wrist extension movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makii Muthalib
- EuroMov, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,SilverLine Research Services, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marco Ferrari
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Quaresima
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Graham Kerr
- Movement Neuroscience, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Dirks ML, Wall BT, van Loon LJC. Interventional strategies to combat muscle disuse atrophy in humans: focus on neuromuscular electrical stimulation and dietary protein. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 125:850-861. [PMID: 28970205 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00985.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous situations, such as the recovery from illness or rehabilitation after injury, necessitate a period of muscle disuse in otherwise healthy individuals. Even a few days of immobilization or bed rest can lead to substantial loss of skeletal muscle tissue and compromise metabolic health. The decline in muscle mass is attributed largely to a decline in postabsorptive and postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates. Reintroduction of some level of muscle contraction by the application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can augment both postabsorptive and postprandial muscle protein synthesis rates and, as such, prevent or attenuate muscle loss during short-term disuse in various clinical populations. Whereas maintenance of habitual dietary protein consumption is a prerequisite for muscle mass maintenance, supplementing dietary protein above habitual intake levels does not prevent muscle loss during disuse in otherwise healthy humans. Combining the anabolic properties of physical activity (or surrogates) with appropriate nutritional support likely further increases the capacity to preserve skeletal muscle mass during a period of disuse. Therefore, effective interventional strategies to prevent or alleviate muscle disuse atrophy should include both exercise (mimetics) and appropriate nutritional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlou L Dirks
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Benjamin T Wall
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht , The Netherlands
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13
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Martinez L, Esteve V, Yeste M, Artigas V, Llagostera S. Neuromuscular electrostimulation: a new therapeutic option to improve radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula maturation in end-stage chronic kidney disease patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 49:1645-1652. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1601-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Strengthening of Quadriceps by Neuromuscular Magnetic Stimulation in Healthy Subjects. PM R 2017; 9:767-773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Esteve V, Carneiro J, Moreno F, Fulquet M, Garriga S, Pou M, Duarte V, Saurina A, Tapia I, Ramírez de Arellano M. Efecto de la electroestimulación neuromuscular sobre la fuerza muscular, capacidad funcional y composición corporal en los pacientes en hemodiálisis. Nefrologia 2017; 37:68-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Dirks ML, Groen BBL, Franssen R, van Kranenburg J, van Loon LJC. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation prior to presleep protein feeding stimulates the use of protein-derived amino acids for overnight muscle protein synthesis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:20-27. [PMID: 27789768 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00331.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short periods of muscle disuse result in substantial skeletal muscle atrophy. Recently, we showed that both neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as well as presleep dietary protein ingestion represent effective strategies to stimulate muscle protein synthesis rates. In this study, we test our hypothesis that NMES can augment the use of presleep protein-derived amino acids for overnight muscle protein synthesis in older men. Twenty healthy, older [69 ± 1 (SE) yr] men were subjected to 24 h of bed rest, starting at 8:00 AM. In the evening, volunteers were subjected to 70-min 1-legged NMES, while the other leg served as nonstimulated control (CON). Immediately following NMES, 40 g of intrinsically l-[1-13C]-phenylalanine labeled protein was ingested prior to sleep. Blood samples were taken throughout the night, and muscle biopsies were obtained from both legs in the evening and the following morning (8 h after protein ingestion) to assess dietary protein-derived l-[1-13C]-phenylalanine enrichments in myofibrillar protein. Plasma phenylalanine concentrations and plasma l-[1-13C]-phenylalanine enrichments increased significantly following protein ingestion and remained elevated for up to 6 h after protein ingestion (P < 0.05). During overnight sleep, myofibrillar protein-bound l-[1-13C]-phenylalanine enrichments (MPE) increased to a greater extent in the stimulated compared with the control leg (0.0344 ± 0.0019 vs. 0.0297 ± 0.0016 MPE, respectively; P < 0.01), representing 18 ± 6% greater incorporation of presleep protein-derived amino acids in the NMES compared with CON leg. In conclusion, application of NMES prior to presleep protein feeding stimulates the use of dietary protein-derived amino acids for overnight muscle protein synthesis in older men. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as well as presleep dietary protein ingestion represent effective strategies to stimulate muscle protein synthesis rates. Here we demonstrate that in older men after a day of bed rest, the application of NMES prior to presleep protein feeding stimulates the use of dietary protein-derived amino acids for overnight muscle protein synthesis by 18% compared with presleep protein feeding only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlou L Dirks
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Bart B L Groen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Rinske Franssen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Janneau van Kranenburg
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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Simó VE, Jiménez AJ, Oliveira JC, Guzmán FM, Nicolás MF, Potau MP, Solé AS, Gallego VD, González IT, de Arellano Serna MR. Efficacy of neuromuscular electrostimulation intervention to improve physical function in haemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 47:1709-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mignardot JB, Deschamps T, Le Goff CG, Roumier FX, Duclay J, Martin A, Sixt M, Pousson M, Cornu C. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation leads to physiological gains enhancing postural balance in the pre-frail elderly. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/7/e12471. [PMID: 26229006 PMCID: PMC4552546 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological aging leads to a progressive weakening of muscles and tendons, thereby disturbing the ability to control postural balance and consequently increasing exposure to the risks of falls. Here, we introduce a simple and easy-to-use neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) training paradigm designed to alleviate the postural control deficit in the elderly, the first hallmarks of which present as functional impairment. Nine pre-frail older women living in a long-term care facility performed 4 weeks of NMES training on their plantarflexor muscles, and seven nontrained, non-frail older women living at home participated in this study as controls. Participants were asked to perform maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) during isometric plantarflexion in a lying position. Musculo-tendinous (MT) stiffness was assessed before and after the NMES training by measuring the displacement of the MT junction and related tendon force during MVC. In a standing position, the limit of stability (LoS) performance was determined through the maximal forward displacement of the center of foot pressure, and related postural sway parameters were computed around the LoS time gap, a high force requiring task. The NMES training induced an increase in MVC, MT stiffness, and LoS. It significantly changed the dynamics of postural balance as a function of the tendon property changes. The study outcomes, together with a multivariate analysis of investigated variables, highlighted the benefits of NMES as a potential tool in combating neuromuscular weakening in the elderly. The presented training-based strategy is valuable in alleviating some of the adverse functional consequences of aging by directly acting on intrinsic biomechanical and muscular properties whose improvements are immediately transferable into a functional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Mignardot
- Laboratory up-Courtine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland Laboratory MIP (UPRES-EA4334), University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Camille G Le Goff
- Laboratory up-Courtine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Julien Duclay
- Laboratory CASP (INSERM-U1093), University of Burgundy, Burgundy, France Laboratory PRISSMH, team LAPMA (EA 4561), University of Tolouse III, Tolouse, France
| | - Alain Martin
- Laboratory CASP (INSERM-U1093), University of Burgundy, Burgundy, France
| | - Marc Sixt
- Geriatric Department, Hospital of Beaune (Burgundy), Beaune, France
| | - Michel Pousson
- Laboratory CASP (INSERM-U1093), University of Burgundy, Burgundy, France
| | - Christophe Cornu
- Laboratory MIP (UPRES-EA4334), University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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Herzig D, Maffiuletti NA, Eser P. The Application of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Training in Various Non-neurologic Patient Populations: A Narrative Review. PM R 2015; 7:1167-1178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Grosset JF, Canon F, Pérot C, Lambertz D. Changes in contractile and elastic properties of the triceps surae muscle induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:1403-11. [PMID: 24647638 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2871-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) training is known to induce improvement in force production capacities and fibre-type transition. The aim of this study was to determine whether NMES training also leads to changes in the mechanical properties of the human triceps surae (TS) muscle. METHODS Fifteen young male subjects performed a training protocol (4 weeks, 18 sessions, 4-5 sessions per week) based on a high-frequency isometric NMES programme of TS muscle. Quick-release test was used to evaluate Musculo-Tendinous (MT) stiffness index (SIMT) as the slope of the linear MT stiffness-torque relationships under submaximal contraction. Sinusoidal perturbations allowed the assessment of musculo-articular stiffness index (SIMA) as well as the calculation of the maximal angular velocity ([Formula: see text]) of TS muscle using an adaptation of Hill's equation. RESULTS After NMES training, Maximal Voluntary Contraction under isometric conditions and [Formula: see text] increased significantly by 17.5 and 20.6 %, respectively, while SIMT and SIMA decreased significantly (-12.7 and -9.3 %, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These changes in contractile and elastic properties may lead to functional changes of particular interest in sport-related activities as well as in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Grosset
- CNRS UMR 7338, Biomécanique et Bioingénierie, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 60205, Compiègne cedex, France,
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Dirks ML, Wall BT, Snijders T, Ottenbros CLP, Verdijk LB, van Loon LJC. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation prevents muscle disuse atrophy during leg immobilization in humans. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:628-41. [PMID: 24251881 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Short periods of muscle disuse, due to illness or injury, result in substantial skeletal muscle atrophy. Recently, we have shown that a single session of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) increases muscle protein synthesis rates. The aim was to investigate the capacity for daily NMES to attenuate muscle atrophy during short-term muscle disuse. METHODS Twenty-four healthy, young (23 ± 1 year) males participated in the present study. Volunteers were subjected to 5 days of one-legged knee immobilization with (NMES; n = 12) or without (CON; n = 12) supervised NMES sessions (40-min sessions, twice daily). Two days prior to and immediately after the immobilization period, CT scans and single-leg one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength tests were performed to assess quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and leg muscle strength respectively. Furthermore, muscle biopsies were taken to assess muscle fibre CSA, satellite cell content and mRNA and protein expression of selected genes. RESULTS In CON, immobilization reduced quadriceps CSA by 3.5 ± 0.5% (P < 0.0001) and muscle strength by 9 ± 2% (P < 0.05). In contrast, no significant muscle loss was detected following immobilization in NMES although strength declined by 7 ± 3% (P < 0.05). Muscle MAFbx and MuRF1 mRNA expression increased following immobilization in CON (P < 0.001 and P = 0.07 respectively), whereas levels either declined (P < 0.01) or did not change in NMES, respectively. Immobilization led to an increase in muscle myostatin mRNA expression in CON (P < 0.05), but remained unchanged in NMES. CONCLUSION During short-term disuse, NMES represents an effective interventional strategy to prevent the loss of muscle mass, but it does not allow preservation of muscle strength. NMES during disuse may be of important clinical relevance in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Dirks
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - B. T. Wall
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - T. Snijders
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - C. L. P. Ottenbros
- Department of Surgery; Maastricht University Medical Centre+; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - L. B. Verdijk
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - L. J. C. van Loon
- NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
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Falavigna LF, Silva MG, Freitas ALDA, Silva PFDS, Paiva Júnior MDS, de Castro CMMB, Andrade MDA, Gallindo MAC, Ribeiro LC, Ramos FF, de Andrade FMD, de França EET. Effects of electrical muscle stimulation early in the quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscle of critically ill patients. Physiother Theory Pract 2013; 30:223-8. [PMID: 24377663 DOI: 10.3109/09593985.2013.869773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) is applied to critically ill patients in order to improve their muscle strength, thereby preventing hypotrophy and promoting functional recovery. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of early EMS on the range of movement of the ankle joint, and on thigh and leg circumference in critically ill patients. METHODS This is a prospective randomized clinical trial comprising 11 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Before and after EMS the thigh and leg circumference in both lower limbs and the goniometry of the tibiotarsal joint were measured. The angle of 90° on the goniometer was taken as the standard neutral position (NP), with the arm fixed on the lateral malleolus of the ankle joint. Other measurements, namely dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, referred to as mobile arm, were taken from the NP. These recordings were obtained following an active contraction of the patients' muscles. RESULTS Compared with the electrostimulated limb, a difference in dorsiflexion of the control limb was observed (96.2 ± 24.9 versus 119.9 ± 14.1°; p = 0.01). A girth of 10 cm of the leg was found in limb reduction when compared to the electrostimulated one (24.7 ± 3.1 versus 26.4 ± 4.0 cm; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS EMS used at low current intensity and for a short duration failed to prevent muscle atrophy in critically ill patients. However, we did find a significant improvement in active dorsiflexion of the ankle joint suggesting that it could help to prevent against stance plantar flexion in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Ferreira Falavigna
- Department of Physiotherapy, Institute of Biology and Health, Universidade Catœlica de Pernambuco -- UNICAP , Recife, PE , Brazil
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Parks NE, Hanada EY. Maximizing functional independence in sporadic late onset nemaline myopathy. PM R 2013; 4:1020-3. [PMID: 23245665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Parks
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Elboim-Gabyzon M, Rozen N, Laufer Y. Does neuromuscular electrical stimulation enhance the effectiveness of an exercise programme in subjects with knee osteoarthritis? A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2012; 27:246-57. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215512456388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied to the quadriceps femoris muscle will enhance the effectiveness of an exercise programme in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Design: A randomized trial with parallel intervention treatment groups. Setting: Outpatient physical therapy clinic. Subjects: Fifty participants (mean age (SD) 68.9 (7.7) years) with symptomatic idiopathic knee osteoarthritis and radiographic evidence (grade ≥II Kelgren’s classification). Interventions: Participants were randomized into one of two groups receiving 12 biweekly treatments: An exercise-only group or an exercise combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation group (biphasic pulses, at 75 Hz and 250 µs phase duration). Main measures: Knee pain intensity; maximal voluntary isometric contraction and voluntary activation of the quadriceps femoris muscle; measures of functional performance. Results: A significant interaction effect ( P = 0.01) indicated greater improvement in pain for the electrical stimulation group. The mean (SD) change in pain intensity was from 7.5 ± 2 to 5 ± 2.2 and from 7.4 ± 1.9 to 3.3 ± 2.4 in the exercise and electrical stimulation groups, respectively. A significant treatment effect was also noted for the voluntary activation of the quadriceps femoris, which increased by 22.2% in the electrical stimulation group and by 9.6% in the exercise group ( P = 0.045). Significant improvements were observed in both groups in all remaining measures, with no differences between groups. Conclusions: Electrical stimulation treatment to the quadriceps femoris enhanced the effectiveness of an exercise programme in alleviating pain and improving voluntary activation in patients with knee osteoarthritis, but did not enhance its effect on muscle strength or functional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elboim-Gabyzon
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - N Rozen
- Emek Medical Center, Afulla, Israel
| | - Y Laufer
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
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Filipovic A, Kleinöder H, Dörmann U, Mester J. Electromyostimulation—A Systematic Review of the Effects of Different Electromyostimulation Methods on Selected Strength Parameters in Trained and Elite Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:2600-14. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e31823f2cd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Meesen RLJ, Dendale P, Cuypers K, Berger J, Hermans A, Thijs H, Levin O. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation as a possible means to prevent muscle tissue wasting in artificially ventilated and sedated patients in the intensive care unit: A pilot study. Neuromodulation 2012; 13:315-20; discussion 321. [PMID: 21992890 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2010.00294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore if electrical stimulation could prevent muscle atrophy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients were hospitalized for postoperative coronary artery bypass graftin, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ventilatory failure, or acute cerebro-vascular accident, and were divided into an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group underwent daily 30 minute training with an intermittent neuromuscular electrical stimulation applied to the right quadriceps muscle. Heart rate, respiration rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were monitored before, during, and after electrical stimulation. Circumference of both thighs was measured. RESULTS The intervention resulted in a significant reduction of muscle atrophy in the stimulated as compared with the non-stimulated limb (p < 0.05), without making any impact on cardiovascular, respiratory and, hemodynamic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Muscle atrophy is prevented by intermittent neuromuscular electrical stimulation while this intervention showed no obvious impact on the cardio-respiratory conditions of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf L J Meesen
- REVAL Research Group, Department of Health Care Sciences, PHL University College, Hasselt, Belgium.
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Girold S, Jalab C, Bernard O, Carette P, Kemoun G, Dugué B. Dry-Land Strength Training vs. Electrical Stimulation in Sprint Swimming Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:497-505. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318220e6e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Vivodtzev I, Debigaré R, Gagnon P, Mainguy V, Saey D, Dubé A, Paré MÈ, Bélanger M, Maltais F. Functional and muscular effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in patients with severe COPD: a randomized clinical trial. Chest 2011; 141:716-725. [PMID: 22116795 DOI: 10.1378/chest.11-0839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms through which neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) training may improve limb muscle function and exercise tolerance in COPD are poorly understood. We investigated the functional and muscular effects of NMES in advanced COPD. METHODS Twenty of 22 patients with COPD were randomly assigned to NMES (n = 12) or sham (n = 8) training in a double-blind controlled study. NMES was performed on quadriceps and calf muscles, at home, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Quadriceps and calf muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), quadriceps force and endurance, and the shuttle-walking distance with cardiorespiratory measurements were assessed before and after training. Quadriceps biopsy specimens were obtained to explore the insulin-like growth factor-1/AKT signaling pathway (70-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase [p70S6K] , atrogin-1). RESULTS NMES training improved muscle CSA (P < .05), force, and endurance (P < .03) when compared with sham training. Phosphorylated p70S6K levels (anabolism) were increased after NMES as compared with sham (P = .03), whereas atrogin-1 levels (catabolism) were reduced (P = .01). Changes in quadriceps strength and ventilation during walking contributed independently to variations in walking distance after training (r = 0.77, P < .001). Gains in walking distance were related to the ability to tolerate increasing current intensities during training (r = 0.95, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with severe COPD, NMES improved muscle CSA. This was associated with a more favorable muscle anabolic to catabolic balance. Improvement in walking distance after NMES training was associated with gains in muscle strength, reduced ventilation during walking, and the ability to tolerate higher stimulation intensity. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00874965; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Vivodtzev
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Inserm U 1042, HP2 Laboratory, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Richard Debigaré
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Gagnon
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Mainguy
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Didier Saey
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Annie Dubé
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Paré
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marthe Bélanger
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - François Maltais
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Filipovic A, Kleinöder H, Dörmann U, Mester J. Electromyostimulation—A Systematic Review of the Influence of Training Regimens and Stimulation Parameters on Effectiveness in Electromyostimulation Training of Selected Strength Parameters. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 25:3218-38. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318212e3ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bergquist AJ, Clair JM, Lagerquist O, Mang CS, Okuma Y, Collins DF. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation: implications of the electrically evoked sensory volley. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:2409-26. [PMID: 21805156 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Bergquist
- Human Neurophysiology Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 6-41 General Services Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Laurin J, Dousset E, Carrivale R, Grélot L, Decherchi P. Recovery pattern of motor reflex after a single bout of neuromuscular electrical stimulation session. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 22:534-44. [PMID: 21362055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We aimed at determining the recovery pattern of neural properties of soleus muscle after a single bout of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) session. Thirteen subjects performed an NMES exercise (75 Hz, 40 contractions, 6.25 s per contraction). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), H-reflex at rest and during voluntary contraction fixed at 60% of MVC (respectively, H(max) and H(sup) ) and volitional (V) wave were measured before and during the recovery period following this exercise [i.e., immediately after, 2 h (H2), 2 days (D2) and 7 days (D7)]. MVC exhibited an immediate and a delayed declines at 2 days (respectively, -29.8±4.6%, P<0.001; -13.0±3.4%, P<0.05). Likewise, V/M(sup) was decreased immediately and 2 days after NMES session (respectively, -43.3±11.6%, P<0.05; 35.3±6.6%, P<0.05). The delayed decrements in MVC and V-wave occurred concomitantly with muscle soreness peak (P<0.001). It could be concluded that motor command alterations after an NMES resistance session contributed to the immediate and also to the delayed decreases in MVC without affecting resting and active H-reflex excitability. These results suggested that spinal circuitry function of larger motoneurons was inhibited by NMES (as indicated by the depressed V-wave responses) contrary to the smaller one (indicated by the unchanged H-reflex responses).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laurin
- UMR CNRS 6233, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement (ISM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille, Etienne-Jules MAREY, Université de la Méditerranée (Aix-Marseille II) - Aix-Marseille Université, Cedex, France
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Gondin J, Giannesini B, Vilmen C, Le Fur Y, Cozzone PJ, Bendahan D. Effects of a single bout of isometric neuromuscular electrical stimulation on rat gastrocnemius muscle: a combined functional, biochemical and MRI investigation. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 21:525-32. [PMID: 21345698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While muscle damage resulting from electrically-induced muscle isometric contractions has been reported in humans, animal studies have failed to illustrate similar deleterious effects and it remains to be determined whether these conflicting results are related to differences regarding experimental procedures or to species. We have investigated in vivo, in rat gastrocnemius muscles, using experimental conditions as close as possible to those used in humans (i.e., muscle length, number of contractions, stimulated muscle), the effects of a single bout of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Maximal tetanic force was measured before, immediately after and 1h and 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days after NMES. Magnetic resonance imaging measurements, including volume of gastrocnemius muscles and proton transverse relaxation time (T(2)) were performed at baseline and 3, 7, and 14 days after the NMES session. Control animals did not perform any exercise and measurements were recorded at the same time points. For both groups, blood creatine kinase (CK) activity was measured within the first 3 days that followed the initial evaluation. Maximal tetanic force decreased immediately after NMES whereas measurements performed 1h and the days afterwards were similar to the baseline values. CK activity, muscle volume and T(2) values were similar throughout the experimental protocol between the two groups. Under carefully controlled experimental conditions, isometric NMES per se did not induce muscle damage in rat gastrocnemius muscles on the contrary to what has been repeatedly reported in humans. Further experiments would then be warranted in order to clearly delineate these differences and to better understand the physiological events associated with muscle damage resulting from NMES-induced isometric contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gondin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR CNRS 6612, Université de la Méditerranée, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France.
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Gondin J, Brocca L, Bellinzona E, D'Antona G, Maffiuletti NA, Miotti D, Pellegrino MA, Bottinelli R. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation training induces atypical adaptations of the human skeletal muscle phenotype: a functional and proteomic analysis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 110:433-50. [PMID: 21127206 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00914.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to define the chronic effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the neuromuscular properties of human skeletal muscle. Eight young healthy male subjects were subjected to 25 sessions of isometric NMES of the quadriceps muscle over an 8-wk period. Needle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after training. The training status, myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform distribution, and global protein pattern, as assessed by proteomic analysis, widely varied among subjects at baseline and prompted the identification of two subgroups: an "active" (ACT) group, which performed regular exercise and had a slower MHC profile, and a sedentary (SED) group, which did not perform any exercise and had a faster MHC profile. Maximum voluntary force and neural activation significantly increased after NMES in both groups (+∼30% and +∼10%, respectively). Both type 1 and 2 fibers showed significant muscle hypertrophy. After NMES, both groups showed a significant shift from MHC-2X toward MHC-2A and MHC-1, i.e., a fast-to-slow transition. Proteomic maps showing ∼500 spots were obtained before and after training in both groups. Differentially expressed proteins were identified and grouped into functional categories. The most relevant changes regarded 1) myofibrillar proteins, whose changes were consistent with a fast-to-slow phenotype shift and with a strengthening of the cytoskeleton; 2) energy production systems, whose changes indicated a glycolytic-to-oxidative shift in the metabolic profile; and 3) antioxidant defense systems, whose changes indicated an enhancement of intracellular defenses against reactive oxygen species. The adaptations in the protein pattern of the ACT and SED groups were different but were, in both groups, typical of both resistance (i.e., strength gains and hypertrophy) and endurance (i.e., a fast-to-slow shift in MHC and metabolic profile) training. These training-induced adaptations can be ascribed to the peculiar motor unit recruitment pattern associated with NMES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gondin
- Dept. of Physiology and Interuniversity, Institute of Myology, Univ. of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Aldayel A, Jubeau M, McGuigan M, Nosaka K. Comparison between alternating and pulsed current electrical muscle stimulation for muscle and systemic acute responses. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 109:735-44. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00189.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared alternating current and pulsed current electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) for torque output, skin temperature ( Tsk), blood lactate and hormonal responses, and skeletal muscle damage markers. Twelve healthy men (23–48 yr) received alternating current EMS (2.5 kHz delivered at 75 Hz, 400 μs) for the knee extensors of one leg and pulsed current (75 Hz, 400 μs) for the other leg to induce 40 isometric contractions (on-off ratio 5–15 s) at the knee joint angle of 100° (0°: full extension). The use of the legs for each condition was counterbalanced among subjects, and the two EMS bouts were separated by 2 wk. The current amplitude was consistently increased to maximally tolerable level, and the torque and perceived intensity were recorded over 40 isometric contractions. Tskof the stimulated and contralateral knee extensors were measured before, during, and for 30 min after EMS. Blood lactate, growth hormone, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, testosterone, and cortisol were measured before, during, and for 45 min following EMS. Muscle damage markers included maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque, muscle soreness with a 100-mm visual analog scale, and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, which were measured before and 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after EMS. No significant differences in the torque induced during stimulation (∼30% maximal voluntary isometric contraction) and perceived intensity were found, and changes in Tsk, blood lactate, and hormones were not significantly different between conditions. However, all of the measures showed significant ( P < 0.05) changes from baseline values. Skeletal muscle damage was evidenced by prolonged strength loss, development of muscle soreness, and increases in plasma CK activity; however, the changes in the variables were not significantly different between conditions. It is concluded that acute effects of alternating and pulsed current EMS on the stimulated muscles are similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Aldayel
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marc Jubeau
- Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France, and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Michael McGuigan
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- New Zealand Academy of Sport North Island, Auckland; and
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Herrero AJ, Martín J, Martín T, Abadía O, Fernández B, García-López D. Short-Term Effect of Plyometrics and Strength Training With and Without Superimposed Electrical Stimulation on Muscle Strength and Anaerobic Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Part II. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:1616-22. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181d8e84b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Maffiuletti NA. Physiological and methodological considerations for the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 110:223-34. [PMID: 20473619 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zory RF, Jubeau MM, Maffiuletti NA. Contractile impairment after quadriceps strength training via electrical stimulation. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:458-64. [PMID: 20072053 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181c06d25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the neural and muscular changes associated with electrical stimulation (ES) training and subsequent detraining. Twenty healthy active men were randomized to receive (intervention group) or not (control group) 4 weeks of ES strength training followed by 4 weeks of detraining. Quadriceps ES training sessions (20 minutes per session, 4 sessions per week) were completed under isometric loading conditions. Quadriceps maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) strength, activation level, maximal electromyographic (EMG) activity, and excitation-contraction coupling properties were assessed before training, after training, and after detraining. Maximal voluntary contraction strength did not change after training but significantly increased after detraining (+21.5%; p < 0.05). Activation level (+7.3%) and maximal EMG activity (+27.9%) increased significantly after training and remained elevated after detraining (p < 0.05). Vastus lateralis M-wave amplitude did not change during the study period, whereas quadriceps contractile properties were significantly impaired after training but then recovered to pre-training values after detraining. We conclude that the maximal force-generating capacity of the quadriceps was unchanged after 4 weeks of ES strength training because of the interplay between neural (increased activation) and muscular (contractile impairment) changes. On the other hand, recovered contractile function and preserved activation after 4 weeks of detraining resulted in significant MVC strength increases. Quadriceps strength training via ES may induce overreaching and delayed adaptations and therefore should be used with caution. These findings may help in conceiving effective ES strength training programs for physically active subjects.
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Perumal R, Wexler AS, Kesar TM, Jancosko A, Laufer Y, Binder-Macleod SA. A phenomenological model that predicts forces generated when electrical stimulation is superimposed on submaximal volitional contractions. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:1595-604. [PMID: 20299613 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01231.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Superimposition of electrical stimulation during voluntary contractions is used to produce functional movements in individuals with central nervous system impairment, to evaluate the ability to activate a muscle, to characterize the nature of fatigue, and to improve muscle strength during postsurgical rehabilitation. Currently, the manner in which voluntary contractions and electrically elicited forces summate is not well understood. The objective of the present study is to develop a model that predicts the forces obtained when electrical stimulation is superimposed on a volitional contraction. Quadriceps femoris muscles of 12 able-bodied subjects were tested. Our results showed that the total force produced when electrical stimulation was superimposed during a volitional contraction could be modeled by the equation T=V+S[(MaxForce-V)/MaxForce]N, where T is the total force produced, V is the force in response to volitional contraction alone, S is the force response to the electrical stimulation alone, MaxForce is the maximum force-generating ability of the muscle, and N is a parameter that we posit depends on the differences in the motor unit recruitment order and firing rates between volitional and electrically elicited contractions. In addition, our results showed that the model predicted accurately (intraclass correlation coefficient>or=0.97) the total force in response to a wide range of stimulation intensities and frequencies superimposed on a wide range of volitional contraction levels. Thus the model will be helpful to clinicians and scientists to predict the amount of stimulation needed to produce the targeted force levels in individuals with partial paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Perumal
- Department of Physical Therapy, 301 McKinly Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Papaiordanidou M, Guiraud D, Varray A. Kinetics of neuromuscular changes during low-frequency electrical stimulation. Muscle Nerve 2010; 41:54-62. [PMID: 19882645 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papaiordanidou
- EA 2991 Motor Efficiency and Deficiency Laboratory, University of Montpellier 1, Faculty of Sports Sciences, 700 avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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Kim KE, Oh SH, Lee SU, Chung SG. Application of isometric load on a facial muscle--the zygomaticus major. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2009; 24:606-12. [PMID: 19631428 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an initial step to study facial muscle strengthening by loaded neuromuscular electrical stimulation, we examined the feasibility of applying load to the zygomaticus major, quantified the maximal isometric force of the muscle by volition and electrical stimulation, and compared the measured forces with the results of facial kinematic analysis and electrodiagnostic study. METHODS Eleven healthy subjects and two female patients with chronic unilateral facial palsy were enrolled. A custom made plastic bridge instrument with a centrally mounted load cell was attached at the mouth angle and to the skin overlying the zygomatic bone using double-sided adhesive tape to provide isometric resistance to skin movement during the muscle contraction. FINDINGS The force by maximal voluntary contraction of the zygomaticus major averaged 196.4 g force and the contraction force by maximally tolerated stimulation reached 60.1%, on average, of the force by maximal voluntary contraction in normal subjects. There was a significant correlation only between the force by maximally tolerated stimulation and the amplitude of compound muscle action potentials. The force by maximal voluntary contraction of the paralytic side in the patients showed 32.3% and 20.1% of the mean value of the normal subjects. INTERPRETATIONS This study demonstrates that an isometric load was possibly applied and a significant intensity of electrical stimulation could be tolerated and delivered to the isometrically loaded facial muscle. The isometric loading would be utilized for loaded facial neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapeutically and also for measurement of the force generation capacity of the zygomaticus major diagnostically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Eun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Roig M, Reid WD. Electrical stimulation and peripheral muscle function in COPD: A systematic review. Respir Med 2009; 103:485-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Effect of burst frequency and duration of kilohertz-frequency alternating currents and of low-frequency pulsed currents on strength of contraction, muscle fatigue, and perceived discomfort. Phys Ther 2008; 88:1167-76. [PMID: 18703676 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20080001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-frequency pulsed currents (LPCs) and kilohertz-frequency alternating currents (KACs) are used clinically to augment muscle contractions. Treatment effectiveness may be enhanced by selecting stimulation parameters that evoke the strongest contractions with minimal discomfort and fatigue. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare maximally induced strength (force-producing capacity) of contractions, muscle fatigue, and discomfort associated with an LPC and with 3 KACs differing in frequency and duration of burst modulation. DESIGN This was a repeated-measures trial, with randomized order of current presentation. SETTING The study was conducted in the physical therapy laboratory at the University of Haifa. SUBJECTS Twenty-six volunteers without impairments, with a mean age of 27.4 years (SD=5.0, range=21-45), participated. INTERVENTION All currents were applied in separate sessions to the wrist extensors of each subject. Currents consisted of an LPC with a 50-Hz pulse frequency and 3 KACs with a 2.5-kHz carrier frequency, including the "Russian current" (RC) burst modulated at 50 Hz with 25 cycles per burst and 2 currents burst modulated at 20 or 50 Hz with 10 cycles per burst. MEASUREMENT The maximal electrically induced isometric force, the force integral of 21 electrically induced consecutive contractions, and the degree of discomfort were recorded. RESULTS Force of contraction was not affected by type of current. The LPC was least fatiguing, and the RC was most fatiguing, with the 2 other KACs having an intermediate effect. Degree of discomfort was higher with the KAC modulated at 20 Hz. CONCLUSIONS When comfort, strength, and fatigue are considered jointly, the LPC is advantageous. Electrically induced fatigue is affected by the number of cycles per second, rather than the number of bursts per second.
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Electrical stimulation and muscle strengthening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 51:441-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annrmp.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Neuromuscular Adaptations to Low-Frequency Stimulation Training in a Patient with Chronic Heart Failure. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2008; 87:502-9. [DOI: 10.1097/phm.0b013e318174e29c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Zorn C, Szekeres T, Keilani M, Fialka-Moser V, Crevenna R. Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the knee extensor muscles on muscle soreness and different serum parameters in young male athletes: preliminary data. Br J Sports Med 2008; 41:914-6. [PMID: 18037643 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.035170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on muscle soreness and on a variety of serum parameters during and after NMES of knee extensor muscles of young, well trained subjects over a study period of 96 h. METHODS Five male cyclists were included in this clinical observation. NMES (biphasic, asymmetric impulses) was applied through surface electrodes to both knee extensor muscles of each subject for 30 min. To determine changes in serum concentration of muscle proteins, blood samples were drawn at defined measure points before and after NMES. Muscle soreness was evaluated using a visual analogue scale at all measure points. RESULTS There was a maximum (p<0.05) for "muscle pain" during stimulation but no significant changes could be detected after the stimulation period. Serum creatine kinase showed a peak with a significant increase (p<0.05) 24 h after NMES. Serum lactate levels only increased slightly (p = 0.08) during NMES. CONCLUSIONS Although the changes of blood parameters measured in the present work correspond to those reported in the literature on eccentric strength training, no delayed onset muscle pain could be detected. Further studies should be carried out, also investigating different stimulation protocols in non-trained healthy subjects and in patients with less muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Zorn
- Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation of the Lower Limbs in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2008; 28:79-91. [DOI: 10.1097/01.hcr.0000314201.02053.a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jubeau M, Sartorio A, Marinone PG, Agosti F, Hoecke JV, Nosaka K, Maffiuletti NA. Comparison between voluntary and stimulated contractions of the quadriceps femoris for growth hormone response and muscle damage. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 104:75-81. [PMID: 17975128 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00335.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare voluntary and stimulated exercise for changes in muscle strength, growth hormone (GH), blood lactate, and markers of muscle damage. Nine healthy men had two leg press exercise bouts separated by 2 wk. In the first bout, the quadriceps muscles were stimulated by biphasic rectangular pulses (75 Hz, duration 400 μs, on-off ratio 6.25–20 s) with current amplitude being consistently increased throughout 40 contractions at maximal tolerable level. In the second bout, 40 voluntary isometric contractions were performed at the same leg press force output as the first bout. Maximal voluntary isometric strength was measured before and after the bouts, and serum GH and blood lactate concentrations were measured before, during, and after exercise. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and muscle soreness were assessed before, immediately after, and 24, 48, and 72 h after exercise. Maximal voluntary strength decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) after both bouts, but the magnitude of the decrease was significantly ( P < 0.05) greater for the stimulated contractions (−22%) compared with the voluntary contractions (−9%). Increases in serum GH and lactate concentrations were significantly ( P < 0.05) larger after the stimulation compared with the voluntary exercise. Increases in serum CK activity and muscle soreness were also significantly ( P < 0.05) greater for the stimulation than voluntary exercise. It was concluded that a single bout of electrical stimulation exercise resulted in greater GH response and muscle damage than voluntary exercise.
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Electrostimulation improves muscle perfusion but does not affect either muscle deoxygenation or pulmonary oxygen consumption kinetics during a heavy constant-load exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 102:289-97. [PMID: 17934756 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-007-0581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Electromyostimulation (EMS) is commonly used as part of training programs. However, the exact effects at the muscle level are largely unknown and it has been recently hypothesized that the beneficial effect of EMS could be mediated by an improved muscle perfusion. In the present study, we investigated rates of changes in pulmonary oxygen consumption (VO(2p)) and muscle deoxygenation during a standardized exercise performed after an EMS warm-up session. We aimed at determining whether EMS could modify pulmonary O(2) uptake and muscle deoxygenation as a result of improved oxygen delivery. Nine subjects performed a 6-min heavy constant load cycling exercise bout preceded either by an EMS session (EMS) or under control conditions (CONT). VO(2p) and heart rate (HR) were measured while deoxy-(HHb), oxy-(HbO(2)) and total haemoglobin/myoglobin (Hb(tot)) relative contents were measured using near infrared spectroscopy. EMS significantly increased (P < 0.05) the Hb(tot) resting level illustrating a residual hyperaemia. The EMS priming exercise did not affect either the HHb time constant (17.7 +/- 14.2 s vs. 13.1 +/- 2.3 s under control conditions) or the VO(2p) kinetics (time-constant = 18.2 +/- 5.2 s vs. 15.4 +/- 4.6 s under control conditions). Likewise, the other VO(2p) parameters were unchanged. Our results further indicated that EMS warm-up improved muscle perfusion through a residual hyperaemia. However, neither VO(2p) nor [HHb] kinetics were modified accordingly. These results suggest that improved O(2) delivery by residual hyperaemia induced by EMS does not accelerate the rate of aerobic metabolism during heavy exercise at least in trained subjects.
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Bogaerts A, Delecluse C, Claessens AL, Coudyzer W, Boonen S, Verschueren SMP. Impact of whole-body vibration training versus fitness training on muscle strength and muscle mass in older men: a 1-year randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 62:630-5. [PMID: 17595419 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/62.6.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This randomized controlled study investigated the effects of 1-year whole-body vibration (WBV) training on isometric and explosive muscle strength and muscle mass in community-dwelling men older than 60 years. METHODS Muscle characteristics of the WBV group (n = 31, 67.3 +/- 0.7 years) were compared with those of a fitness (FIT) group (n = 30, 67.4 +/- 0.8 years) and a control (CON) group (n = 36, 68.6 +/- 0.9 years). Isometric strength of the knee extensors was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer, explosive muscle strength was assessed using a counter movement jump, and muscle mass of the upper leg was determined by computed tomography. RESULTS Isometric muscle strength, explosive muscle strength, and muscle mass increased significantly in the WBV group (9.8%, 10.9%, and 3.4%, respectively) and in the FIT group (13.1%, 9.8%, and 3.8%, respectively) with the training effects not significantly different between the groups. No significant changes in any parameter were found in the CON group. CONCLUSION WBV training is as efficient as a fitness program to increase isometric and explosive knee extension strength and muscle mass of the upper leg in community-dwelling older men. These findings suggest that WBV training has potential to prevent or reverse the age-related loss in skeletal muscle mass, referred to as sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Bogaerts
- Division of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Leuven, Belgium
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50
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Kofotolis ND, Kellis E. Cross-training effects of a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise programme on knee musculature. Phys Ther Sport 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2007.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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