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Roy B, Peck A, Evangelista T, Pfeffer G, Wang L, Diaz‐Manera J, Korb M, Wicklund MP, Milone M, Freimer M, Kushlaf H, Villar‐Quiles R, Stojkovic T, Needham M, Palmio J, Lloyd TE, Keung B, Mozaffar T, Weihl CC, Kimonis V. Provisional practice recommendation for the management of myopathy in VCP-associated multisystem proteinopathy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:686-695. [PMID: 37026610 PMCID: PMC10187720 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP)-associated multisystem proteinopathy (MSP) is a rare genetic disorder with abnormalities in the autophagy pathway leading to various combinations of myopathy, bone diseases, and neurodegeneration. Ninety percent of patients with VCP-associated MSP have myopathy, but there is no consensus-based guideline. The goal of this working group was to develop a best practice set of provisional recommendations for VCP myopathy which can be easily implemented across the globe. As an initiative by Cure VCP Disease Inc., a patient advocacy organization, an online survey was initially conducted to identify the practice gaps in VCP myopathy. All prior published literature on VCP myopathy was reviewed to better understand the different aspects of management of VCP myopathy, and several working group sessions were conducted involving international experts to develop this provisional recommendation. VCP myopathy has a heterogeneous clinical phenotype and should be considered in patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy phenotype, or any myopathy with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Genetic testing is the only definitive way to diagnose VCP myopathy, and single-variant testing in the case of a known familial VCP variant, or multi-gene panel sequencing in undifferentiated cases can be considered. Muscle biopsy is important in cases of diagnostic uncertainty or lack of a definitive pathogenic genetic variant since rimmed vacuoles (present in ~40% cases) are considered a hallmark of VCP myopathy. Electrodiagnostic studies and magnetic resonance imaging can also help rule out disease mimics. Standardized management of VCP myopathy will optimize patient care and help future research initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Roy
- Department of NeurologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | | | - Teresinha Evangelista
- GH Pitié‐Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université‐Inserm UMRS97, Institut de MyologieParisFrance
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of Calgary Cumming School of MedicineCalgaryAlbertaCanada
| | - Leo Wang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Jordi Diaz‐Manera
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research CentreNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Manisha Korb
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California—Irvine School of MedicineOrangeCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Miriam Freimer
- Department of NeurologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Hani Kushlaf
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation MedicineUniversity of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOhioUSA
| | - Rocio‐Nur Villar‐Quiles
- APHP, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center of Research in MyologySorbonne Université‐Inserm UMRS974, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalParisFrance
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- APHP, Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Center of Research in MyologySorbonne Université‐Inserm UMRS974, Pitié‐Salpêtrière HospitalParisFrance
| | - Merrilee Needham
- University of Notre Dame, Murdoch University and Fiona Stanley HospitalPerthAustralia
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Neuromuscular Research CenterTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Thomas E. Lloyd
- Department of NeurologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Neuroscience and PathologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMassachusettsUSA
| | - Benison Keung
- Department of NeurologyYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California—Irvine School of MedicineOrangeCaliforniaUSA
| | - Conrad Chris Weihl
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California—Irvine School of MedicineOrangeCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of California—Irvine School of MedicineOrangeCaliforniaUSA
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2
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Cozzi M, Ferrari V. Autophagy Dysfunction in ALS: from Transport to Protein Degradation. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1456-1481. [PMID: 35708843 PMCID: PMC9293831 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). Since the identification of the first ALS mutation in 1993, more than 40 genes have been associated with the disorder. The most frequent genetic causes of ALS are represented by mutated genes whose products challenge proteostasis, becoming unable to properly fold and consequently aggregating into inclusions that impose proteotoxic stress on affected cells. In this context, increasing evidence supports the central role played by autophagy dysfunctions in the pathogenesis of ALS. Indeed, in early stages of disease, high levels of proteins involved in autophagy are present in ALS MNs; but at the same time, with neurodegeneration progression, autophagy-mediated degradation decreases, often as a result of the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in affected cells. Autophagy is a complex multistep pathway that has a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Several proteins are involved in its tight regulation, and importantly a relevant fraction of ALS-related genes encodes products that directly take part in autophagy, further underlining the relevance of this key protein degradation system in disease onset and progression. In this review, we report the most relevant findings concerning ALS genes whose products are involved in the several steps of the autophagic pathway, from phagophore formation to autophagosome maturation and transport and finally to substrate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Pfeffer G, Lee G, Pontifex CS, Fanganiello RD, Peck A, Weihl CC, Kimonis V. Multisystem Proteinopathy Due to VCP Mutations: A Review of Clinical Heterogeneity and Genetic Diagnosis. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:963. [PMID: 35741724 PMCID: PMC9222868 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we review clinical features and genetic diagnosis of diseases caused by mutations in the gene encoding valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), the functionally diverse AAA-ATPase. VCP is crucial to a multitude of cellular functions including protein quality control, stress granule formation and clearance, and genomic integrity functions, among others. Pathogenic mutations in VCP cause multisystem proteinopathy (VCP-MSP), an autosomal dominant, adult-onset disorder causing dysfunction in several tissue types. It can result in complex neurodegenerative conditions including inclusion body myopathy, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or combinations of these. There is also an association with other neurodegenerative phenotypes such as Alzheimer-type dementia and Parkinsonism. Non-neurological presentations include Paget disease of bone and may also include cardiac dysfunction. We provide a detailed discussion of genotype-phenotype correlations, recommendations for genetic diagnosis, and genetic counselling implications of VCP-MSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Pfeffer
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
- Alberta Child Health Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Grace Lee
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (G.L.); (V.K.)
| | - Carly S. Pontifex
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Roberto D. Fanganiello
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Allison Peck
- Cure VCP Disease, Inc., Americus, GA 31709, USA;
| | - Conrad C. Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA; (G.L.); (V.K.)
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4
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Ferrari V, Cristofani R, Tedesco B, Crippa V, Chierichetti M, Casarotto E, Cozzi M, Mina F, Piccolella M, Galbiati M, Rusmini P, Poletti A. Valosin Containing Protein (VCP): A Multistep Regulator of Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1939. [PMID: 35216053 PMCID: PMC8878954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Valosin containing protein (VCP) has emerged as a central protein in the regulation of the protein quality control (PQC) system. VCP mutations are causative of multisystem proteinopathies, which include neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and share various signs of altered proteostasis, mainly associated with autophagy malfunctioning. Autophagy is a complex multistep degradative system essential for the maintenance of cell viability, especially in post-mitotic cells as neurons and differentiated skeletal muscle cells. Interestingly, many studies concerning NDs have focused on autophagy impairment as a pathological mechanism or autophagy activity boosting to rescue the pathological phenotype. The role of VCP in autophagy has been widely debated, but recent findings have defined new mechanisms associated with VCP activity in the regulation of autophagy, showing that VCP is involved in different steps of this pathway. Here we will discuss the multiple activity of VCP in the autophagic pathway underlying its leading role either in physiological or pathological conditions. A better understanding of VCP complexes and mechanisms in regulating autophagy could define the altered mechanisms by which VCP directly or indirectly causes or modulates different human diseases and revealing possible new therapeutic approaches for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS—Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Francesco Mina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.F.); (R.C.); (V.C.); (M.C.); (E.C.); (M.C.); (F.M.); (M.P.); (M.G.); (P.R.)
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5
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Häkkinen S, Chu SA, Lee SE. Neuroimaging in genetic frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105063. [PMID: 32890771 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have a strong clinical, genetic and pathological overlap. This review focuses on the current understanding of structural, functional and molecular neuroimaging signatures of genetic FTD and ALS. We overview quantitative neuroimaging studies on the most common genes associated with FTD (MAPT, GRN), ALS (SOD1), and both (C9orf72), and summarize visual observations of images reported in the rarer genes (CHMP2B, TARDBP, FUS, OPTN, VCP, UBQLN2, SQSTM1, TREM2, CHCHD10, TBK1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Häkkinen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Chu
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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6
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Plewa J, Surampalli A, Wencel M, Milad M, Donkervoort S, Caiozzo VJ, Goyal N, Mozaffar T, Kimonis V. A cross-sectional analysis of clinical evaluation in 35 individuals with mutations of the valosin-containing protein gene. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:778-786. [PMID: 30097247 PMCID: PMC6490182 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion body myopathy (IBM) associated with Paget disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia or IBMPFD is an autosomal dominant degenerative disorder caused by mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene. We aim to establish a detailed clinical phenotype of VCP disease amongst 35 (28 affected individuals, 7 presymptomatic gene carriers) individuals versus 14 unaffected first-degree relatives in 14 families to establish useful biomarkers for IBMPFD and identify the most meaningful tests for monitoring disease progression in future clinical trials. Comprehensive studies included the Inclusion Body Myositis Functional Rating Scale (IBMFRS) and fatigue severity scale questionairres, strength measurements using the Manual Muscle Test with Medical Research Council (MRC) scales, hand-held dynamometry using the microFET and Biodex dynamometers, 6 minute walk test (6MWT), and pulmonary function studies. Strong correlation was observed between the IBMFRS and measurements of muscle strength with dynamometry and the other functional tests, indicating that it may be utilized in long-term follow-up assessments due to its relative simplicity. This cross-section study represents the most comprehensive evaluation of individuals with VCP disease to date and provides a useful guide for evaluating and possible monitoring of muscle weakness and pulmonary function progression in this unique cohort of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Plewa
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, ZC4482, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| | - Abhilasha Surampalli
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, ZC4482, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| | - Marie Wencel
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, ZC4482, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| | - Merit Milad
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, ZC4482, Orange, CA 92868, United States
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, ZC4482, Orange, CA 92868, United States; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vincent J Caiozzo
- Department of Orthopedics and Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Namita Goyal
- ALS and Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- ALS and Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive South, ZC4482, Orange, CA 92868, United States.
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7
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Al-Obeidi E, Al-Tahan S, Surampalli A, Goyal N, Wang AK, Hermann A, Omizo M, Smith C, Mozaffar T, Kimonis V. Genotype-phenotype study in patients with valosin-containing protein mutations associated with multisystem proteinopathy. Clin Genet 2018; 93:119-125. [PMID: 28692196 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in valosin-containing protein (VCP), an ATPase involved in protein degradation and autophagy, cause VCP disease, a progressive autosomal dominant adult onset multisystem proteinopathy. The goal of this study is to examine if phenotypic differences in this disorder could be explained by the specific gene mutations. We therefore studied 231 individuals (118 males and 113 females) from 36 families carrying 15 different VCP mutations. We analyzed the correlation between the different mutations and prevalence, age of onset and severity of myopathy, Paget's disease of bone (PDB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and other comorbidities. Myopathy, PDB and FTD was present in 90%, 42% and 30% of the patients, respectively, beginning at an average age of 43, 41, and 56 years, respectively. Approximately 9% of patients with VCP mutations had an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) phenotype, 4% had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 2% had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Large interfamilial and intrafamilial variation made establishing correlations difficult. We did not find a correlation between the mutation type and the incidence of any of the clinical features associated with VCP disease, except for the absence of PDB with the R159C mutation in our cohort and R159C having a later age of onset of myopathy compared with other molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Al-Obeidi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - S Al-Tahan
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - A Surampalli
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - N Goyal
- Neuromuscular Program, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - A K Wang
- Neuromuscular Program, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - A Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Research Side Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Omizo
- Deschutes Osteoporosis Center, Bend, Oregon
| | - C Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky Medical School, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - T Mozaffar
- Neuromuscular Program, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
| | - V Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California
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8
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive changes in behavior, personality, and language with involvement of the frontal and temporal regions of the brain. About 40% of FTD cases have a positive family history, and about 10% of these cases are inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern. These gene defects present with distinct clinical phenotypes. As the diagnosis of FTD becomes more recognizable, it will become increasingly important to keep these gene mutations in mind. In this chapter, we review the genes with known associations to FTD. We discuss protein functions, mutation frequencies, clinical phenotypes, imaging characteristics, and pathology associated with these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Deleon
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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9
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Ye Y, Tang WK, Zhang T, Xia D. A Mighty "Protein Extractor" of the Cell: Structure and Function of the p97/CDC48 ATPase. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:39. [PMID: 28660197 PMCID: PMC5468458 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p97/VCP (known as Cdc48 in S. cerevisiae or TER94 in Drosophila) is one of the most abundant cytosolic ATPases. It is highly conserved from archaebacteria to eukaryotes. In conjunction with a large number of cofactors and adaptors, it couples ATP hydrolysis to segregation of polypeptides from immobile cellular structures such as protein assemblies, membranes, ribosome, and chromatin. This often results in proteasomal degradation of extracted polypeptides. Given the diversity of p97 substrates, this "segregase" activity has profound influence on cellular physiology ranging from protein homeostasis to DNA lesion sensing, and mutations in p97 have been linked to several human diseases. Here we summarize our current understanding of the structure and function of this important cellular machinery and discuss the relevant clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wai Kwan Tang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ting Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
| | - Di Xia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Llewellyn KJ, Nalbandian A, Weiss LN, Chang I, Yu H, Khatib B, Tan B, Scarfone V, Kimonis VE. Myogenic differentiation of VCP disease-induced pluripotent stem cells: A novel platform for drug discovery. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176919. [PMID: 28575052 PMCID: PMC5456028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Valosin Containing Protein (VCP) disease is an autosomal dominant multisystem proteinopathy caused by mutations in the VCP gene, and is primarily associated with progressive muscle weakness, including atrophy of the pelvic and shoulder girdle muscles. Currently, no treatments are available and cardiac and respiratory failures can lead to mortality at an early age. VCP is an AAA ATPase multifunction complex protein and mutations in the VCP gene resulting in disrupted autophagic clearance. Due to the rarity of the disease, the myopathic nature of the disorder, ethical and practical considerations, VCP disease muscle biopsies are difficult to obtain. Thus, disease-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) now provide a valuable resource for the research owing to their renewable and pluripotent nature. In the present study, we report the differentiation and characterization of a VCP disease-specific hiPSCs into precursors expressing myogenic markers including desmin, myogenic factor 5 (MYF5), myosin and heavy chain 2 (MYH2). VCP disease phenotype is characterized by high expression of TAR DNA Binding Protein-43 (TDP-43), ubiquitin (Ub), Light Chain 3-I/II protein (LC3-I/II), and p62/SQSTM1 (p62) protein indicating disruption of the autophagy cascade. Treatment of hiPSC precursors with autophagy stimulators Rapamycin, Perifosine, or AT101 showed reduction in VCP pathology markers TDP-43, LC3-I/II and p62/SQSTM1. Conversely, autophagy inhibitors chloroquine had no beneficial effect, and Spautin-1 or MHY1485 had modest effects. Our results illustrate that hiPSC technology provide a useful platform for a rapid drug discovery and hence constitutes a bridge between clinical and bench research in VCP and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J. Llewellyn
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Angèle Nalbandian
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Lan N. Weiss
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Isabela Chang
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Howard Yu
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Bibo Khatib
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Baichang Tan
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Scarfone
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Virginia E. Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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11
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Tang WK, Xia D. Mutations in the Human AAA + Chaperone p97 and Related Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:79. [PMID: 27990419 PMCID: PMC5131264 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of neurodegenerative diseases have been linked to mutations in the human protein p97, an abundant cytosolic AAA+ (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) ATPase, that functions in a large number of cellular pathways. With the assistance of a variety of cofactors and adaptor proteins, p97 couples the energy of ATP hydrolysis to conformational changes that are necessary for its function. Disease-linked mutations, which are found at the interface between two main domains of p97, have been shown to alter the function of the protein, although the pathogenic mutations do not appear to alter the structure of individual subunit of p97 or the formation of the hexameric biological unit. While exactly how pathogenic mutations alter the cellular function of p97 remains unknown, functional, biochemical and structural differences between wild-type and pathogenic mutants of p97 are being identified. Here, we summarize recent progress in the study of p97 pathogenic mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kwan Tang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Di Xia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Evangelista T, Weihl CC, Kimonis V, Lochmüller H. 215th ENMC International Workshop VCP-related multi-system proteinopathy (IBMPFD) 13-15 November 2015, Heemskerk, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2016; 26:535-47. [PMID: 27312024 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresinha Evangelista
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Conrad C Weihl
- Neuromuscular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of California - Irvine Medical Centre, Irvine, USA
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre and MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK.
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13
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Xia D, Tang WK, Ye Y. Structure and function of the AAA+ ATPase p97/Cdc48p. Gene 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.042 and 21=21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2022]
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14
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Xia D, Tang WK, Ye Y. Structure and function of the AAA+ ATPase p97/Cdc48p. Gene 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.042 and 67=89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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15
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Xia D, Tang WK, Ye Y. Structure and function of the AAA+ ATPase p97/Cdc48p. Gene 2016; 583:64-77. [PMID: 26945625 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
p97 (also known as valosin-containing protein (VCP) in mammals or Cdc48p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is an evolutionarily conserved ATPase present in all eukaryotes and archaebacteria. In conjunction with a collection of cofactors and adaptors, p97/Cdc48p performs an array of biological functions mostly through modulating the stability of 'client' proteins. Using energy from ATP hydrolysis, p97/Cdc48p segregates these molecules from immobile cellular structures such as protein assemblies, membrane organelles, and chromatin. Consequently, the released polypeptides can be efficiently degraded by the ubiquitin proteasome system or recycled. This review summarizes our current understanding of the structure and function of this essential cellular chaperoning system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Wai Kwan Tang
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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16
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) was one of the lesser known dementias until the recent advancements revealing its genetic and pathological foundation. This common neurodegenerative disorder has three clinical subtypes- behavioral, semantic and progressive non fluent aphasia. The behavioral variant mostly exhibits personality changes, while the other two encompass various language deficits. This review discusses the basic pathology, genetics, clinical and histological presentation and the diagnosis of the 3 subtypes. It also deliberates the different therapeutic modalities currently available for frontotemporal dementia and the challenges faced by the caregivers. Lastly it explores the scope of further research into the diagnosis and management of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carol F Lippa
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Nalbandian A, Llewellyn KJ, Nguyen C, Monuki ES, Kimonis VE. Targeted excision of VCP R155H mutation by Cre-LoxP technology as a promising therapeutic strategy for valosin-containing protein disease. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2015; 26:13-24. [PMID: 25545721 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2014.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia is attributed to mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene, mapped to chromosomal region 9p13.3-12. Affected individuals exhibit scapular winging and die from progressive muscle weakness and cardiac and respiratory failure in their 40s to 50s. Mutations in the VCP gene have also been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in 10-15% of individuals with hereditary inclusion body myopathy and 2-3% of isolated familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Currently, there are no effective treatments for VCP-related myopathy or dementia. To determine the effects of targeted excision of the most common R155H mutation in VCP disease, we generated the Cre-ER™-VCPR155H/+ tamoxifen-inducible model. We administered tamoxifen (0.12 mg/g body weight) or corn oil (vehicle) to the pregnant dams by oral gavage and monitored survival and muscle strength measurements of the pups until 18 months of age. We confirmed efficient removal of exons 4 and 5 and recombination of the mutant/floxed VCP copies by Q-PCR analyses. The activity and specificity of Cre recombinase was confirmed by immunostaining. Herein, we report that Cre-ER™-VCPR155H/+ mice demonstrated improved muscle strength and quadriceps fibers architecture, autophagy signaling pathway, reduced brain neuropathology, decreased apoptosis, and less severe Paget-like bone changes. The Cre-ER™-VCPR155H/+ mouse model provides proof of principle by demonstrating that removal of the mutated exons could be beneficial to patients with VCP-related neurodegenerative diseases, and serves as an excellent platform in understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanism(s) in the hopes of a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Nalbandian
- 1 Division of Genetics and Genomics Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697
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18
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Nalbandian A, Llewellyn KJ, Nguyen C, Yazdi PG, Kimonis VE. Rapamycin and chloroquine: the in vitro and in vivo effects of autophagy-modifying drugs show promising results in valosin containing protein multisystem proteinopathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122888. [PMID: 25884947 PMCID: PMC4401571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the valosin containing protein (VCP) gene cause hereditary Inclusion body myopathy (hIBM) associated with Paget disease of bone (PDB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), more recently termed multisystem proteinopathy (MSP). Affected individuals exhibit scapular winging and die from progressive muscle weakness, and cardiac and respiratory failure, typically in their 40s to 50s. Histologically, patients show the presence of rimmed vacuoles and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-positive large ubiquitinated inclusion bodies in the muscles. We have generated a VCPR155H/+ mouse model which recapitulates the disease phenotype and impaired autophagy typically observed in patients with VCP disease. Autophagy-modifying agents, such as rapamycin and chloroquine, at pharmacological doses have previously shown to alter the autophagic flux. Herein, we report results of administration of rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, and chloroquine, a lysosomal inhibitor which reverses autophagy by accumulating in lysosomes, responsible for blocking autophagy in 20-month old VCPR155H/+ mice. Rapamycin-treated mice demonstrated significant improvement in muscle performance, quadriceps histological analysis, and rescue of ubiquitin, and TDP-43 pathology and defective autophagy as indicated by decreased protein expression levels of LC3-I/II, p62/SQSTM1, optineurin and inhibiting the mTORC1 substrates. Conversely, chloroquine-treated VCPR155H/+ mice revealed progressive muscle weakness, cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43, ubiquitin-positive inclusion bodies and increased LC3-I/II, p62/SQSTM1, and optineurin expression levels. Our in vitro patient myoblasts studies treated with rapamycin demonstrated an overall improvement in the autophagy markers. Targeting the mTOR pathway ameliorates an increasing list of disorders, and these findings suggest that VCP disease and related neurodegenerative multisystem proteinopathies can now be included as disorders that can potentially be ameliorated by rapalogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Nalbandian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AN); (VEK)
| | - Katrina J. Llewellyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Puya G. Yazdi
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Systomic Health LLC, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Virginia E. Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Center, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AN); (VEK)
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19
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Nalbandian A, Ghimbovschi S, Wang Z, Knoblach S, Llewellyn KJ, Vesa J, Hoffman EP, Kimonis VE. Global gene expression profiling in R155H knock-in murine model of VCP disease. Clin Transl Sci 2014; 8:8-16. [PMID: 25388089 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene cause inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia, which is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, dysfunction in bone remodeling, and frontotemporal dementia. More recently, VCP has been linked to 2% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases. VCP plays a significant role in a plethora of cellular functions including membrane fusion, transcription activation, nuclear envelope reconstruction, postmitotic organelle reassembly, and cell cycle control. To elucidate the pathological mechanisms underlying the VCP disease progression, we have previously generated a VCP(R155H/+) mouse model with the R155H mutation. Histological analyses of mutant muscle showed vacuolization of myofibrils, centrally located nuclei, and disorganized muscle fibers. Global expression profiling of VCP(R155H/+) mice using gene annotations by DAVID identified key dysregulated signaling pathways including genes involved in the physiological system development and function, diseases and disorders, and molecular and cellular functions. There were a total of 212 significantly dysregulated genes, several of which are involved in the regulation of proteasomal function and NF-κB signaling cascade. Findings of the gene expression study were validated by using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses to test genes involved in various signaling cascades. This investigation reveals the importance of the VCP(R155H/+) mouse model in the understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms causing VCP-associated neurodegenerative diseases and in the discovery of novel therapeutic advancements and strategies for patients suffering with these debilitating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Nalbandian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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20
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Nalbandian A, Nguyen C, Katheria V, Llewellyn KJ, Badadani M, Caiozzo V, Kimonis VE. Exercise training reverses skeletal muscle atrophy in an experimental model of VCP disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76187. [PMID: 24130765 PMCID: PMC3794032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic effects of exercise resistance and endurance training in the alleviation of muscle hypertrophy/atrophy should be considered in the management of patients with advanced neuromuscular diseases. Patients with progressive neuromuscular diseases often experience muscle weakness, which negatively impact independence and quality of life levels. Mutations in the valosin containing protein (VCP) gene lead to Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) and more recently affect 2% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-diagnosed cases. Methods/Principle Findings The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of uphill and downhill exercise training on muscle histopathology and the autophagy cascade in an experimental VCP mouse model carrying the R155H mutation. Progressive uphill exercise in VCPR155H/+ mice revealed significant improvement in muscle strength and performance by grip strength and Rotarod analyses when compared to the sedentary mice. In contrast, mice exercised to run downhill did not show any significant improvement. Histologically, the uphill exercised VCPR155H/+ mice displayed an improvement in muscle atrophy, and decreased expression levels of ubiquitin, P62/SQSTM1, LC3I/II, and TDP-43 autophagy markers, suggesting an alleviation of disease-induced myopathy phenotypes. There was also an improvement in the Paget-like phenotype. Conclusions Collectively, our data highlights that uphill exercise training in VCPR155H/+ mice did not have any detrimental value to the function of muscle, and may offer effective therapeutic options for patients with VCP-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Nalbandian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Veeral Katheria
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Katrina J. Llewellyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Mallikarjun Badadani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Vincent Caiozzo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Virginia E. Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Erzurumlu Y, Kose FA, Gozen O, Gozuacik D, Toth EA, Ballar P. A unique IBMPFD-related P97/VCP mutation with differential binding pattern and subcellular localization. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:773-82. [PMID: 23333620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
p97/VCP is a hexameric AAA type ATPase that functions in a variety of cellular processes such as endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD), organelle biogenesis, autophagy and cell-cycle regulation. Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) is an autosomal dominant disorder which has been attributed to mutations in p97/VCP. Several missense mutations affecting twelve different amino acids have been identified in IBMPFD patients and some of them were suggested to be involved in the observed pathology. Here, we analyzed the effect of all twelve p97/VCP variants on ERAD substrates and their cofactor binding abilities. While all mutants cause ERAD substrate accumulation, P137L mutant p97/VCP differs from other IBMPFD mutants by having a unique solubility profile and subcellular localization. Intriguingly, although almost all mutants exhibit enhanced p47 and Ufd1-Npl4 binding, the P137L mutation completely abolishes p97/VCP interactions with Ufd1, Npl4 and p47, while retaining its gp78 binding. While recombinant R155C mutant protein consistently interacts with both Ufd1 and VIM of gp78, P137L mutant protein lost binding ability to Ufd1 but not to VIM in vitro. The differential impairments in p97/VCP interactions with its functional partners and function should help our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of IBMPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalcin Erzurumlu
- Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Department, Izmir, Turkey
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22
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Nalbandian A, Llewellyn KJ, Badadani M, Yin HZ, Nguyen C, Katheria V, Watts G, Mukherjee J, Vesa J, Caiozzo V, Mozaffar T, Weiss JH, Kimonis VE. A progressive translational mouse model of human valosin-containing protein disease: the VCP(R155H/+) mouse. Muscle Nerve 2012; 47:260-70. [PMID: 23169451 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene cause hereditary inclusion body myopathy (IBM) associated with Paget disease of bone (PDB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). More recently, these mutations have been linked to 2% of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. A knock-in mouse model offers the opportunity to study VCP-associated pathogenesis. METHODS The VCP(R155H/+) knock-in mouse model was assessed for muscle strength and immunohistochemical, Western blot, apoptosis, autophagy, and microPET/CT imaging analyses. RESULTS VCP(R155H/+) mice developed significant progressive muscle weakness, and the quadriceps and brain developed progressive cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43, ubiquitin-positive inclusion bodies, and increased LC3-II staining. MicroCT analyses revealed Paget-like lesions at the ends of long bones. Spinal cord demonstrated neurodegenerative changes, ubiquitin, and TDP-43 pathology of motor neurons. CONCLUSIONS VCP(R155H/+) knock-in mice represent an excellent preclinical model for understanding VCP-associated disease mechanisms and future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Nalbandian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, 2501 Hewitt Hall, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92696, USA
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23
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative adult-onset dementias are complex and multifactorial diseases that are most commonly caused by environmental, genetic, or mixed environmental and genetic factors. Regarding the genetic causes, a variety of phenotypes may present. This article reviews several of the genetic risk factors for the most common dementias encountered in neurology. Practical implications of genetic testing and pharmacogenomic considerations for clinical practice are also discussed.
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Nalbandian A, Llewellyn KJ, Kitazawa M, Yin HZ, Badadani M, Khanlou N, Edwards R, Nguyen C, Mukherjee J, Mozaffar T, Watts G, Weiss J, Kimonis VE. The homozygote VCP(R¹⁵⁵H/R¹⁵⁵H) mouse model exhibits accelerated human VCP-associated disease pathology. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46308. [PMID: 23029473 PMCID: PMC3460820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Valosin containing protein (VCP) mutations are the cause of hereditary inclusion body myopathy, Paget's disease of bone, frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). VCP gene mutations have also been linked to 2% of isolated familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). VCP is at the intersection of disrupted ubiquitin proteasome and autophagy pathways, mechanisms responsible for the intracellular protein degradation and abnormal pathology seen in muscle, brain and spinal cord. We have developed the homozygous knock-in VCP mouse (VCP(R155H/R155H)) model carrying the common R155H mutations, which develops many clinical features typical of the VCP-associated human diseases. Homozygote VCP(R155H/R155H) mice typically survive less than 21 days, exhibit weakness and myopathic changes on EMG. MicroCT imaging of the bones reveal non-symmetrical radiolucencies of the proximal tibiae and bone, highly suggestive of PDB. The VCP(R155H/R155H) mice manifest prominent muscle, heart, brain and spinal cord pathology, including striking mitochondrial abnormalities, in addition to disrupted autophagy and ubiquitin pathologies. The VCP(R155H/R155H) homozygous mouse thus represents an accelerated model of VCP disease and can be utilized to elucidate the intricate molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of VCP-associated neurodegenerative diseases and for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Nalbandian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Katrina J. Llewellyn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Hong Z. Yin
- Department of Neurology, Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Mallikarjun Badadani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Negar Khanlou
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Edwards
- Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Department of Neurology, Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Orthopedics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Giles Watts
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - John Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Virginia E. Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Shaker JL. Paget's Disease of Bone: A Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Management. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2012; 1:107-25. [PMID: 22870432 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x09351779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone is a common disorder which may affect one or many bones. Although many patients are asymptomatic, a variety of symptoms and complications may occur. Fortunately, effective pharmacologic therapy, primarily with potent bisphosphonates, is now available to treat patients with complications or symptoms. This review of Paget's disease of bone will include epidemiology and pathophysiology, complications and clinical findings, indications for treatment, and the drugs currently available to treat this condition.
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26
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Nalbandian A, Ghimbovschi S, Radom-Aizik S, Dec E, Vesa J, Martin B, Knoblach S, Smith C, Hoffman E, Kimonis VE. Global gene profiling of VCP-associated inclusion body myopathy. Clin Transl Sci 2012; 5:226-34. [PMID: 22686199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2012.00407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the Valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene on chromosome 9p12-13. Patients demonstrate limb girdle muscle weakness, which eventually progresses to involve respiratory muscles, and death from respiratory and cardiac failure. This is the first investigation to analyze key molecular mediators and signaling cascades in skeletal muscle causing myopathy by global gene microarray in hopes of understanding the dysregulated genes and molecular mechanisms underlying IBMPFD and the hope of finding novel therapeutic targets. We determined expression profiles using Human Genome Array microarray technology in Vastus lateralis muscles from patients and their first-degree relatives. We analyzed gene annotations by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integration Discovery and identified differentially dysregulated genes with roles in several novel biological pathways, including regulation of actin cytoskeleton, ErbB signaling, cancer, in addition to regulation of autophagy, and lysosomal signaling, known disrupted pathways in VCP disease. In this report, we present data from the first global microarray analyzing IBMPFD patient muscles and elucidating dysregulated pathways to further understand the pathogenesis of the disease and discover potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angèle Nalbandian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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27
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Radiological features of Paget disease of bone associated with VCP myopathy. Skeletal Radiol 2012; 41:329-37. [PMID: 21643886 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-011-1193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in the Valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene cause a unique disorder characterized by classic Paget disease of bone (PDB), inclusion body myopathy, and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). Our objective was to analyze the radiographic features of PDB associated with VCP mutations since there is a dearth of literature on the PDB component of VCP disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiographic bone surveys were examined in 23 individuals with VCP mutation and compared with their unaffected relatives. Laboratory testing relevant for VCP disease was performed in all individuals. RESULTS Of the 17 affected individuals with clinical manifestations of VCP disease, 16 of whom had myopathy, radiographic analysis revealed classic PDB in 11 individuals (65%). The mean age of diagnosis for myopathy was 43.8 years and for PDB was 38.1 years of age. Radiological evidence of PDB was seen in one individual (16%) amongst six clinically asymptomatic VCP mutation carriers. Alkaline phosphatase was a useful marker for diagnosing PDB in VCP disease. CONCLUSIONS Radiographic findings of classic PDB are seen in 52% of individuals carrying VCP mutations at a significantly younger age than conventional PDB. Screening for PDB is warranted in at-risk individuals because of the benefit of early treatment with the new powerful bisphosphonates that hold the potential for prevention of disease.
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Kumar KR, Liang C, Needham M, Burke D, Sue CM, Ng K. Axonal hyperpolarization in inclusion-body myopathy, Paget disease of the bone, and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). Muscle Nerve 2011; 44:191-6. [PMID: 21607982 DOI: 10.1002/mus.22020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inclusion-body myopathy, Paget disease of the bone, and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) is an autosomal dominant disorder due to mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene. Patients with this disorder may have neuropathic or myopathic features. METHODS Peripheral nerve function and axonal excitability were studied in three members from two families with VCP mutations (p.Arg155Leu and p.Leu198Trp). RESULTS Patients from the first family had neurogenic patterns on needle electromyography (EMG), whereas those in the second family had myopathic EMG changes. In threshold electrotonus for motor axons, the changes to depolarizing and hyperpolarizing conditioning currents were at or outside control limits in all three patients. Superexcitability was increased, and the relative refractory period was reduced. The strength-duration time constant was normal. In sensory axons of all three patients, there were similar changes in threshold electrotonus, but not in superexcitability. DISCUSSION These features are best explained by axonal hyperpolarization. The findings provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms in these genotypes and, possibly, into all patients with IBMPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishore R Kumar
- Department of Neurology & Clinical Neurophysiology and Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Badadani M, Nalbandian A, Watts GD, Vesa J, Kitazawa M, Su H, Tanaja J, Dec E, Wallace DC, Mukherjee J, Caiozzo V, Warman M, Kimonis VE. VCP associated inclusion body myopathy and paget disease of bone knock-in mouse model exhibits tissue pathology typical of human disease. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13183. [PMID: 20957154 PMCID: PMC2950155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dominant mutations in the valosin containing protein (VCP) gene cause inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). We have generated a knock-in mouse model with the common R155H mutation. Mice demonstrate progressive muscle weakness starting approximately at the age of 6 months. Histology of mutant muscle showed progressive vacuolization of myofibrils and centrally located nuclei, and immunostaining shows progressive cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43 and ubiquitin-positive inclusion bodies in quadriceps myofibrils and brain. Increased LC3-II staining of muscle sections representing increased number of autophagosomes suggested impaired autophagy. Increased apoptosis was demonstrated by elevated caspase-3 activity and increased TUNEL-positive nuclei. X-ray microtomography (uCT) images show radiolucency of distal femurs and proximal tibiae in knock-in mice and uCT morphometrics shows decreased trabecular pattern and increased cortical wall thickness. Bone histology and bone marrow derived macrophage cultures in these mice revealed increased osteoclastogenesis observed by TRAP staining suggestive of Paget bone disease. The VCP(R155H/+) knock-in mice replicate the muscle, bone and brain pathology of inclusion body myopathy, thus representing a useful model for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjun Badadani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Angèle Nalbandian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Giles D. Watts
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Jouni Vesa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Hailing Su
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jasmin Tanaja
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Dec
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Douglas C. Wallace
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Center for Molecular and Mitochondrial Medicine and Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Departments of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Vincent Caiozzo
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, and Orthopedics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew Warman
- Department of Genetics, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Virginia E. Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Griciuc A, Aron L, Roux MJ, Klein R, Giangrande A, Ueffing M. Inactivation of VCP/ter94 suppresses retinal pathology caused by misfolded rhodopsin in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001075. [PMID: 20865169 PMCID: PMC2928793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common Rhodopsin (Rh) mutation associated with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) in North America is the substitution of proline 23 by histidine (Rh(P23H)). Unlike the wild-type Rh, mutant Rh(P23H) exhibits folding defects and forms intracellular aggregates. The mechanisms responsible for the recognition and clearance of misfolded Rh(P23H) and their relevance to photoreceptor neuron (PN) degeneration are poorly understood. Folding-deficient membrane proteins are subjected to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) quality control, and we have recently shown that Rh(P23H) is a substrate of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) effector VCP/ter94, a chaperone that extracts misfolded proteins from the ER (a process called retrotranslocation) and facilitates their proteasomal degradation. Here, we used Drosophila, in which Rh1(P37H) (the equivalent of mammalian Rh(P23H)) is expressed in PNs, and found that the endogenous Rh1 is required for Rh1(P37H) toxicity. Genetic inactivation of VCP increased the levels of misfolded Rh1(P37H) and further activated the Ire1/Xbp1 ER stress pathway in the Rh1(P37H) retina. Despite this, Rh1(P37H) flies with decreased VCP function displayed a potent suppression of retinal degeneration and blindness, indicating that VCP activity promotes neurodegeneration in the Rh1(P37H) retina. Pharmacological treatment of Rh1(P37H) flies with the VCP/ERAD inhibitor Eeyarestatin I or with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 also led to a strong suppression of retinal degeneration. Collectively, our findings raise the possibility that excessive retrotranslocation and/or degradation of visual pigment is a primary cause of PN degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Griciuc
- Department of Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Liviu Aron
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michel J. Roux
- Department of Neurobiology and Genetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch, France
| | - Rüdiger Klein
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angela Giangrande
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch, France
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Department of Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Manno A, Noguchi M, Fukushi J, Motohashi Y, Kakizuka A. Enhanced ATPase activities as a primary defect of mutant valosin-containing proteins that cause inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia. Genes Cells 2010; 15:911-22. [PMID: 20604808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2010.01428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP) has been shown to colocalize with abnormal protein aggregates, such as nuclear inclusions of Huntington disease and Machado-Joseph disease, Lewy bodies in Parkinson disease. Several mis-sense mutations in the human VCP gene have been identified in patients suffering inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). Recently, we have shown that VCP possesses both aggregate-forming and aggregate-clearing activities. Here, we showed that in cells treated with proteasome inhibitors VCP first appeared as several small aggregates throughout the cells; and then, these small aggregates gathered together into a single big aggregate. Subcellular localization and ATPase activity of VCP clearly influenced the localization of the aggregates. Furthermore, all tested IBMPFD-causing mutant VCPs, possessed elevated ATPase activities and enhanced aggregate-forming activities in cultured cells. In Drosophila, these mutants and VCP(T761E), a super active VCP, did not appear to spontaneously induce eye degeneration, but worsened the phenotype when co-expressed with polyglutamines. Unexpectedly, these VCPs did not apparently change sizes and the amounts of polyglutamine aggregates in Drosophila eyes. Elevated ATPase activities, thus, may be a hidden primary defect causing IBMPFD pathological phenotypes, which would be revealed when abnormal proteins are accumulated, as typically observed in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Manno
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Joly N, Buck M. Engineered interfaces of an AAA+ ATPase reveal a new nucleotide-dependent coordination mechanism. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:15178-15186. [PMID: 20197281 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.103150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Homohexameric ring AAA(+) ATPases are found in all kingdoms of life and are involved in all cellular processes. To accommodate the large spectrum of substrates, the conserved AAA(+) core has become specialized through the insertion of specific substrate-binding motifs. Given their critical roles in cellular function, understanding the nucleotide-driven mechanisms of action is of wide importance. For one type of member AAA(+) protein (phage shock protein F, PspF), we identified and established the functional significance of strategically placed arginine and glutamate residues that form interacting pairs in response to nucleotide binding. We show that these interactions are critical for "cis" and "trans" subunit communication, which support coordination between subunits for nucleotide-dependent substrate remodeling. Using an allele-specific suppression approach for ATPase and substrate remodeling, we demonstrate that the targeted residues directly interact and are unlikely to make any other pairwise critical interactions. We then propose a mechanistic rationale by which the nucleotide-bound state of adjacent subunits can be sensed without direct involvement of R-finger residues. As the structural AAA(+) core is conserved, we propose that the functional networks established here could serve as a template to identify similar residue pairs in other AAA(+) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Joly
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Martin Buck
- Division of Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand belief in a specific scientific claim by studying the pattern of citations among papers stating it. DESIGN A complete citation network was constructed from all PubMed indexed English literature papers addressing the belief that beta amyloid, a protein accumulated in the brain in Alzheimer's disease, is produced by and injures skeletal muscle of patients with inclusion body myositis. Social network theory and graph theory were used to analyse this network. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Citation bias, amplification, and invention, and their effects on determining authority. RESULTS The network contained 242 papers and 675 citations addressing the belief, with 220,553 citation paths supporting it. Unfounded authority was established by citation bias against papers that refuted or weakened the belief; amplification, the marked expansion of the belief system by papers presenting no data addressing it; and forms of invention such as the conversion of hypothesis into fact through citation alone. Extension of this network into text within grants funded by the National Institutes of Health and obtained through the Freedom of Information Act showed the same phenomena present and sometimes used to justify requests for funding. CONCLUSION Citation is both an impartial scholarly method and a powerful form of social communication. Through distortions in its social use that include bias, amplification, and invention, citation can be used to generate information cascades resulting in unfounded authority of claims. Construction and analysis of a claim specific citation network may clarify the nature of a published belief system and expose distorted methods of social citation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Greenberg
- Children's Hospital Informatics Program and Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Stojkovic T, Hammouda EH, Richard P, López de Munain A, Ruiz-Martinez J, Camaño Gonzalez P, Laforêt P, Pénisson-Besnier I, Ferrer X, Lacour A, Lacomblez L, Claeys KG, Maurage CA, Fardeau M, Eymard B. Clinical outcome in 19 French and Spanish patients with valosin-containing protein myopathy associated with Paget’s disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia. Neuromuscul Disord 2009; 19:316-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gitcho MA, Strider J, Carter D, Taylor-Reinwald L, Forman MS, Goate AM, Cairns NJ. VCP mutations causing frontotemporal lobar degeneration disrupt localization of TDP-43 and induce cell death. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:12384-98. [PMID: 19237541 PMCID: PMC2673306 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m900992200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with inclusion body myopathy and Paget disease of bone is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the VCP (valosin-containing protein) gene. The disease is characterized neuropathologically by frontal and temporal lobar atrophy, neuron loss and gliosis, and ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U), which are distinct from those seen in other sporadic and familial FTLD-U entities. The major component of the ubiquitinated inclusions of FTLD with VCP mutation is TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa). TDP-43 proteinopathy links sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, sporadic FTLD-U, and most familial forms of FTLD-U. Understanding the relationship between individual gene defects and pathologic TDP-43 will facilitate the characterization of the mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration. Using cell culture models, we have investigated the role of mutant VCP in intracellular trafficking, proteasomal function, and cell death and demonstrate that mutations in the VCP gene 1) alter localization of TDP-43 between the nucleus and cytosol, 2) decrease proteasome activity, 3) induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, 4) increase markers of apoptosis, and 5) impair cell viability. These results suggest that VCP mutation-induced neurodegeneration is mediated by several mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Gitcho
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and the Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Weihl CC, Pestronk A, Kimonis VE. Valosin-containing protein disease: inclusion body myopathy with Paget's disease of the bone and fronto-temporal dementia. Neuromuscul Disord 2009; 19:308-15. [PMID: 19380227 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in valosin-containing protein (VCP) cause inclusion body myopathy (IBM) associated with Paget's disease of the bone (PDB) and fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) or IBMPFD. Although IBMPFD is a multisystem disorder, muscle weakness is the presenting symptom in greater than half of patients and an isolated symptom in 30%. Patients with the full spectrum of the disease make up only 12% of those affected; therefore it is important to consider and recognize IBMPFD in a neuromuscular clinic. The current review describes the skeletal muscle phenotype and common muscle histochemical features in IBMPFD. In addition to myopathic features; vacuolar changes and tubulofilamentous inclusions are found in a subset of patients. The most consistent findings are VCP, ubiquitin and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) positive inclusions. VCP is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional protein that is a member of the AAA+ (ATPase associated with various activities) protein family. It has been implicated in multiple cellular functions ranging from organelle biogenesis to protein degradation. Although the role of VCP in skeletal muscle is currently unknown, it is clear that VCP mutations lead to the accumulation of ubiquitinated inclusions and protein aggregates in patient tissue, transgenic animals and in vitro systems. We suggest that IBMPFD is novel type of protein surplus myopathy. Instead of accumulating a poorly degraded and aggregated mutant protein as seen in some myofibrillar and nemaline myopathies, VCP mutations disrupt its normal role in protein homeostasis resulting in the accumulation of ubiquitinated and aggregated proteins that are deleterious to skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad C Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Ramesh Babu J, Lamar Seibenhener M, Peng J, Strom AL, Kemppainen R, Cox N, Zhu H, Wooten MC, Diaz-Meco MT, Moscat J, Wooten MW. Genetic inactivation of p62 leads to accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2008; 106:107-20. [PMID: 18346206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The signaling adapter p62 plays a coordinating role in mediating phosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent trafficking of interacting proteins. However, there is little known about the physiologic role of this protein in brain. Here, we report age-dependent constitutive activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase in adult p62(-/-) mice resulting in hyperphosphorylated tau, neurofibrillary tangles, and neurodegeneration. Biochemical fractionation of p62(-/-) brain led to recovery of aggregated K63-ubiquitinated tau. Loss of p62 was manifested by increased anxiety, depression, loss of working memory, and reduced serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. Our findings reveal a novel role for p62 as a chaperone that regulates tau solubility thereby preventing tau aggregation. This study provides a clear demonstration of an Alzheimer-like phenotype in a mouse model in the absence of expression of human genes carrying mutations in amyloid-beta protein precursor, presenilin, or tau. Thus, these findings provide new insight into manifestation of sporadic Alzheimer disease and the impact of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ramesh Babu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Cellular and Molecular Biosciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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Braun RJ, Zischka H. Mechanisms of Cdc48/VCP-mediated cell death — from yeast apoptosis to human disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2008; 1783:1418-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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St George-Hyslop P. GENETICS OF DEMENTIA. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2008. [DOI: 10.1212/01.con.0000275624.01820.a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Guinto JB, Ritson GP, Taylor JP, Forman MS. Valosin-containing protein and the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia associated with inclusion body myopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2007; 114:55-61. [PMID: 17457594 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-007-0224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia with inclusion body myopathy and Paget's disease of bone (IBMPFD) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the gene valosin-containing protein (VCP). The CNS pathology is characterized by a novel pattern of ubiquitin pathology distinct from sporadic and familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions without VCP mutations. Yet, the ubiquitin-positive inclusions in IBMPFD also stain for TAR DNA binding protein, a feature that links this rare disease with the pathology associated with the majority of sporadic FTD as well as disease resulting from different genetic alterations. VCP, a member of the AAA-ATPase gene family, associates with a plethora of protein adaptors to perform a variety of cellular processes including Golgi assembly/disassembly and regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. However, the mechanism whereby mutations in VCP lead to CNS, muscle, and bone disease is largely unknown. In this report, we review current literature on IBMPFD, focusing on the pathology of the disease and the biology of VCP with respect to IBMPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake B Guinto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd., 605B Stellar-Chance Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6140, USA
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Weihl CC, Miller SE, Hanson PI, Pestronk A. Transgenic expression of inclusion body myopathy associated mutant p97/VCP causes weakness and ubiquitinated protein inclusions in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:919-28. [PMID: 17329348 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in p97/VCP cause the autosomal-dominant, inherited syndrome inclusion body myopathy (IBM) associated with Paget's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) (Watts, G.D., Wymer, J., Kovach, M.J., Mehta, S.G., Mumm, S., Darvish, D., Pestronk, A., Whyte, M.P. and Kimonis, V.E. (2004) Inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia is caused by mutant valosin-containing protein. p97/VCP is a multi-functional protein with a role in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) (Wang, Q., Song, C. and Li, C.C. (2004) Molecular perspectives on p97-VCP: progress in understanding its structure and diverse biological functions. To understand how mutations in this protein lead to a myopathy, we generated several lines of transgenic mice expressing p97/VCP-WT (TgVCP-WT) or the most common IBMPFD mutant, p97/VCP R155H (TgVCP-RH), under a muscle-specific promoter. TgVCP-RH animals, but not controls, became progressively weaker in a dose-dependent manner starting at 6 months of age. Abnormal muscle pathology, which included coarse internal architecture, vacuolation and disorganized membrane morphology with reduced caveolin-3 expression at the sarcolemma developed coincident with the onset of weakness. These changes were not associated with alterations in sarcolemmal integrity as measured by muscle fiber uptake of Evan's blue dye. Even before animals displayed measurable weakness, there was an increase in ubiquitin-containing protein inclusions and high-molecular-weight ubiquitinated proteins, markers of UPS dysfunction. We suggest that this early and persistent increase in ubiquitinated proteins induced by IBMPFD mutations in p97/VCP may ultimately lead to animal weakness and the observed muscle pathology. TgVCP-RH animals will be a valuable tool for understanding the pathogenesis of IBM and the role of the UPS in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad C Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and related conditions are often considered daunting because of the numerous inter-related clinical syndromes and their apparently heterogeneous pathologic substrates. Although the labyrinthine complexity of the disease seemingly continues to grow, recent discoveries have made the maze of FTD somewhat more navigable, spurring new interest in the field. This review begins by surveying the fascinating clinical presentations of these conditions and the few currently available treatments, then turns to recent progress in understanding the pathophysiology of FTD. Among the important advances surveyed are clinicopathologic correlations that enable prediction of the pathologic substrate of certain clinical subtypes, and genetic studies that have been particularly fruitful in identifying new causes of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Roberson
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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