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Paull DE, Newton RC, Tess AV, Bagian JP, Kelz RR, Weiss KB. The Pursuing Excellence Collaborative: Engaging First-Year Residents and Fellows in Patient Safety Event Investigations. J Patient Saf 2023; 19:484-492. [PMID: 37493368 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resident and fellow engagement in patient safety event investigations (PSEIs) can benefit both the clinical learning environment's ability to improve patient care and learners' problem-solving skills. The goals of this collaborative were to increase resident and fellow participation in these investigations and improve PSEI quality. METHODS This collaborative involved 18 sites-8 sites that had participated in a similar previous collaborative (cohort I) and 10 "new" sites (cohort II). The 18-month collaborative included face-to-face and virtual learning sessions, check-ins, and coaching calls. A validated assessment tool measured PSEI quality, and sites tracked the percentage of first-year residents and fellows included in a PSEI. RESULTS Sixteen of the 18 sites completed the 18-month collaborative. Baseline was no first-year resident or fellow participation in a PSEI. Among these 16 clinical learning environments, 1237 early learners participated in a PSEI by the end of the collaborative. Six of these 16 sites (38%) reached the goal of 100% participation of first-year residents and fellows. As a percentage of total first-year residents and fellows, larger institutions had less resident and fellow participation. Six of the 9 cohort II sites submitted PSEIs for independent review at 6 months and again at the end of the collaborative. The PSEI quality scores increased from 5.9 ± 1.8 to 8.2 ± 0.8 ( P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is possible to include all residents and fellows in PSEIs. Patient safety event investigation quality can improve through resident and fellow participation, use of standardized processes during training and investigations, and review of PSEI quality scores with a validated tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Paull
- From the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robin C Newton
- From the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anjala V Tess
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James P Bagian
- Center for Healthcare Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rachel R Kelz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin B Weiss
- From the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, Illinois
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Levy KL, Grzyb K, Heidemann LA, Paliani DB, Grondin C, Solomon G, Spranger E, Ellies T, Ratz D, Houchens N. Enhancing Resident Education by Embedding Improvement Specialists Into a Quality and Safety Curriculum. J Grad Med Educ 2023; 15:348-355. [PMID: 37363669 PMCID: PMC10286907 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-22-00456.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quality improvement and patient safety (QIPS) curricula are critical in graduate medical education, yet barriers limit the educational experience and project outcomes. Objective To explore the impact of QIPS curricular enhancements and integration of continuous improvement specialists (CIS) by examining the A3 document, the primary project product and surrogate for project quality. Methods Since 2009, University of Michigan internal medicine and medicine-pediatric residents participate in a QIPS curriculum, which includes a 4-week group project. In 2016, residency leaders collaborated with CIS staff, non-clinical experts in QIPS with backgrounds in engineering and business, to improve the curriculum. Informed by a needs assessment, the intervention was implemented in 2017 and consisted of a set of enhancements including integration of CIS staff into groups as co-facilitators. In this retrospective cohort study, a blinded reviewer evaluated all available A3 documents before and after the intervention using a quantitative analysis tool. Results All residents participated in the curriculum during the pre-intervention (July 2009 to June 2016, n=351) and post-intervention (July 2017 to June 2020, n=148) periods. A total of 23 of 84 (27%) pre-intervention and 31 of 34 (91%) post-intervention A3 documents were available for review. Scores improved significantly for 17 of 23 (74%) A3 items and for 7 of 8 (88%) sections. Mean A3 total scores increased from 29.0 to 47.0 (95% CI 12.6-23.4; P<.001) out of a possible 69.0. Conclusions Embedding CIS experts into residency QIPS curricula is associated with improved A3 document quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L. Levy
- Kathryn L. Levy, MD, is Assistant Professor, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, and Associate Program Director, Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Residency, University of Michigan
| | - Katie Grzyb
- Katie Grzyb, BSE, MHSA, is Continuous Improvement Specialist, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan
| | - Lauren A. Heidemann
- Lauren A. Heidemann, MD, MHPE, is Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System
| | - Debra Burke Paliani
- Debra Burke Paliani, MSME, is Continuous Improvement Specialist, Quality Department, University of Michigan Health System
| | - Christopher Grondin
- Christopher Grondin, MD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System
| | - Gabriel Solomon
- Gabriel Solomon, MD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System
| | - Elizabeth Spranger
- Elizabeth Spranger, BA, is Continuous Improvement Specialist, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan
| | - Tammy Ellies
- Tammy Ellies, MBA, PMP, is Continuous Improvement Specialist, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan
| | - David Ratz
- David Ratz, MS, is Statistician, Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System
| | - Nathan Houchens
- Nathan Houchens, MD, is Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, and Assistant Program Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program, University of Michigan and Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System
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Hut-Mossel L, Ahaus K, Welker G, Gans R. Which Attributes of Credibility Matter for Quality Improvement Projects in Hospital Care-A Multiple Case Study among Hospitalists in Training. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16335. [PMID: 36498405 PMCID: PMC9737117 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals have to give substance to the role of a champion in order to successfully lead quality improvement (QI) initiatives. This study aims to unravel how hospitalists in training shape their role as a champion within the context of QI projects in hospital care and why some are more effective in leading a QI project than others. We focus on the role of credibility, as it is a prerequisite for fulfilling the role of champion. This multiple-case study builds upon 23 semi-structured interviews with hospitalists in training: quality officers and medical specialists. We first coded data for each case and then described the different contexts of each case in detail to enable comparison across settings. We then compared the cases and contrasted the attributes of credibility. Four attributes of credibility emerged and were identified as essential for the hospitalist in training to succeed as a champion: (1) being convincing about the need for change by providing supportive clinical evidence, (2) displaying competence in their clinical work and commitment to their tasks, (3) generating shared ownership of the QI project with other healthcare professionals, and (4) acting as a team player to foster collaboration during the QI project. We also identified two contextual factors that supported the credibility of the hospitalist in training: (1) choosing a subject for the QI project that was perceived as urgently required by the group of stakeholders involved, and (2) being supported by the board of directors and other formal and informal leaders as the leader of a QI project. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between credibility and sustainability of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne Hut-Mossel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Ahaus
- Department Health Services Management & Organisation, Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gera Welker
- UMC Staff Policy and Management Support, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rijk Gans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Nally DM, Lonergan PE, O’Connell EP, McNamara DA, Elwahab SA, Bass G, Burke E, Cagney D, Canas A, Cronin C, Cullinane C, Devane L, Fearon N, Fowler A, Fullard A, Hechtl D, Kelly M, Lenihan J, Murphy E, Neary C, O'Connell R, O'Neill M, Ramkaran C, Troy A, Tully R, White C, Yadav H. Increasing the use of perioperative risk scoring in emergency laparotomy: nationwide quality improvement programme. BJS Open 2022; 6:6649489. [PMID: 35876188 PMCID: PMC9309802 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergency laparotomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The early identification of high-risk patients allows for timely perioperative care and appropriate resource allocation. The aim of this study was to develop a nationwide surgical trainee-led quality improvement (QI) programme to increase the use of perioperative risk scoring in emergency laparotomy. Methods The programme was structured using the active implementation framework in 15 state-funded Irish hospitals to guide the staged implementation of perioperative risk scoring. The primary outcome was a recorded preoperative risk score for patients undergoing an emergency laparotomy at each site. Results The rate of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy receiving a perioperative risk score increased from 0–11 per cent during the exploratory phase to 35–100 per cent during the full implementation phase. Crucial factors for implementing changes included an experienced central team providing implementation support, collaborator engagement, and effective communication and social relationships. Conclusions A trainee-led QI programme increased the use of perioperative risk assessment in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy, with the potential to improve patient outcomes and care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M Nally
- Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin , Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Peter E Lonergan
- National Clinical Programme in Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin , Ireland
- Department of Urology, St. James’s Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Deborah A McNamara
- National Clinical Programme in Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin , Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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Trainee-led Engagement of the Care Team Improves Application of an Institutional Blood Culture Clinical Decision Algorithm to Pediatric Oncology Inpatients: A Single-institution Quality Improvement Project. Pediatr Qual Saf 2022; 7:e545. [PMID: 35369412 PMCID: PMC8970086 DOI: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Meaningful engagement in quality improvement (QI) projects by trainees is often challenging. A fellow-led QI project aimed to improve adherence to a blood culture clinical decision algorithm and reduce unnecessary cultures in pediatric oncology inpatients.
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Kane WJ, Lynch KT, Squeo GC, Haywood NS, Cramer CL, Chancellor WZ, Cohee AS, Thames MR, Friel CM, Hedrick TL. Residents as Leaders: Using a Delphi Process to Conduct an Institutional Preoperative Patient Optimization Quality Improvement Initiative. J Am Coll Surg 2022; 234:176-181. [PMID: 35213438 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many residency programs struggle to meet the ACGME requirement for resident participation in quality improvement initiatives. STUDY DESIGN As part of an institutional quality improvement effort, trainees from the Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology at a single academic medical center were teamed with institutional content experts in 7 key risk factor areas within preoperative patient optimization. A systematic review of each subject matter area was performed using the MEDLINE database. Institutional recommendations for the screening and management of each risk factor were developed and approved using modified Delphi consensus methodology. Upon project completion, an electronic survey was administered to all individuals who participated in the process to assess the perceived value of participation. RESULTS Fifty-one perioperative stakeholders participated in recommendation development: 26 trainees and 25 content experts. Residents led 6 out of 7 groups specific to a subject area within preoperative optimization. A total of 4,649 abstracts were identified, of which 456 full-text articles were selected for inclusion in recommendation development. Seventeen out of 26 (65.4%) trainees completed the survey. The vast majority of trainees reported increased understanding of their preoperative optimization subject area (15/17 [88.2%]) as well as the Delphi consensus method (14/17 [82.4%]) after participation in the project. Fourteen out of 17 (82.4%) trainees stated that they would participate in a similar quality improvement initiative again. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a novel way to involve trainees in an institutional quality initiative that served to educate trainees in quality improvement, the systematic review process, Delphi methodology, and preoperative optimization. This study provides a framework that other residency programs can use to engage residents in institutional quality improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Kane
- From the Department of Surgery (Kane, Lynch, Squeo, Haywood, Cramer, Chancellor, Cohee, Friel, Hedrick), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Kevin T Lynch
- From the Department of Surgery (Kane, Lynch, Squeo, Haywood, Cramer, Chancellor, Cohee, Friel, Hedrick), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Gabriella C Squeo
- From the Department of Surgery (Kane, Lynch, Squeo, Haywood, Cramer, Chancellor, Cohee, Friel, Hedrick), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Nathan S Haywood
- From the Department of Surgery (Kane, Lynch, Squeo, Haywood, Cramer, Chancellor, Cohee, Friel, Hedrick), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Christopher L Cramer
- From the Department of Surgery (Kane, Lynch, Squeo, Haywood, Cramer, Chancellor, Cohee, Friel, Hedrick), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - William Z Chancellor
- From the Department of Surgery (Kane, Lynch, Squeo, Haywood, Cramer, Chancellor, Cohee, Friel, Hedrick), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Amy S Cohee
- From the Department of Surgery (Kane, Lynch, Squeo, Haywood, Cramer, Chancellor, Cohee, Friel, Hedrick), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Matthew R Thames
- the Department of Anesthesiology (Thames), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Charles M Friel
- From the Department of Surgery (Kane, Lynch, Squeo, Haywood, Cramer, Chancellor, Cohee, Friel, Hedrick), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Traci L Hedrick
- From the Department of Surgery (Kane, Lynch, Squeo, Haywood, Cramer, Chancellor, Cohee, Friel, Hedrick), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA
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Parente V, Feeney C, Page L, Johnson S, Porada K, Cheifetz I, Stephany A. Sustained Impact of a Pediatric Resident-Led Patient Safety Council. J Patient Saf 2021; 17:e1346-e1351. [PMID: 29781977 DOI: 10.1097/pts.0000000000000495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a resident-led patient safety council. This study measured change in resident perceptions and knowledge of safety issues for 3 years, as well as behavioral choices to participate in patient safety activities during and after residency. METHODS Pediatric residents formed a resident-led safety council to engage their peers in patient safety activities. Surveys were distributed annually from 2013 to 2015 to measure residents' perception and knowledge surrounding patient safety. The number of patient safety reports submitted by residents was tracked for the same period. In addition, recent graduates were surveyed to assess the influence of the council on postresidency involvement in patient safety. RESULTS Resident perception of the institutional culture of safety improved and knowledge of basic patient safety concepts increased. The number of resident-submitted safety reports increased from 6.2 to 15.2 reports per month in the 2013 and 2015 academic years, respectively. Surveys of recent graduates suggest that involvement with the safety council during residency fostered future engagement in patient safety. CONCLUSIONS This resident-led council models successful involvement of trainees in system-based patient safety. Such involvement can help shape the safety culture within a training program and encourages continued participation in patient safety after residency completion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shaina Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kelsey Porada
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
| | | | - Alyssa Stephany
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
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Goldman J, Smeraglio A, Lo L, Kuper A, Wong BM. Theory in quality improvement and patient safety education: A scoping review. PERSPECTIVES ON MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 10:319-326. [PMID: 34609733 PMCID: PMC8633332 DOI: 10.1007/s40037-021-00686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Theory plays an important role in education programming and research. However, its use in quality improvement and patient safety education has yet to be fully characterized. The authors undertook a scoping review to examine the use of theory in quality improvement and patient safety education. METHODS Eligible articles used theory to inform the design or study of a quality improvement or patient safety curriculum. The authors followed scoping review methodology and searched articles referenced in 20 systematic reviews of quality improvement and patient safety education, or articles citing one of these reviews, and hand searched eligible article references. Data analysis involved descriptive and interpretive summaries of theories used and the perspectives the theories offered. RESULTS Eligibility criteria were met by 28 articles, and 102 articles made superficial mention of theory. Eligible articles varied in professional group, learning stage and journal type. Theories fell into two broad categories: learning theories (n = 20) and social science theories (n = 11). Theory was used in the design (n = 12) or study (n = 17) of quality improvement and patient safety education. The range of theories shows the opportunity afforded by using more than one type of theory. DISCUSSION Theory can guide decisions regarding quality improvement and patient safety education practices or play a role in selecting a methodology or lens through which to study educational processes and outcomes. Educators and researchers should make deliberate choices around the use of theory that relates to aspects of an educational program that they seek to illuminate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Goldman
- Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- The Wilson Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Andrea Smeraglio
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Hospital & Specialty Medicine, Portland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lisha Lo
- Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayelet Kuper
- The Wilson Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian M Wong
- Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ebrahimipour H, Hooshmand E, Varmaghani M, Javan-Noughabi J, Mojtabaeian SM. The challenges of physicians' participation in hospital accreditation programs: a qualitative study in Iran. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1171. [PMID: 34711235 PMCID: PMC8555276 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07182-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing pressure on hospitals to enhance the quality of services, the participation of physicians in accreditation programs has become more important than ever. The present study was conducted to describe challenges of physicians' participation in hospital accreditation programs in Iran using a qualitative approach. METHODS We conducted interviews with 11 managers, 9 physicians and 8 experts in the field of hospital accreditation. Interviewees were selected through purposive snowball sampling. In-depth unstructured and semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection. The data obtained were analyzed in ATLAS.ti using the conceptual framework method. RESULTS The results of this study extracted 3 main themes including: cultural, organizational and behavioral factors. Also, this study found 12 sub-themes and 57 items. Sub-themes in the cultural domain were motivation, patient demand, mutual trust and evaluation system. The organizational domain consisted of seven sub-themes, including high workload, understanding the role of quality management unit, unrealistic accreditation, nature of accreditation, empowerment of physicians in the field of quality, effective communication, resource constraint. Sub-themes in the behavioral dimension were ambiguity in the role and uncertainty about how to participate in accreditation program. CONCLUSION Physicians' participation in accreditation programs can be increased through culture building and proper training about accreditation activities in the medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Ebrahimipour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elahe Hooshmand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Varmaghani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Javan-Noughabi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mitchell TO, Li L. Overcoming the Barriers to Resident Engagement in Quality Improvement Initiatives in Psychiatry. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2021; 45:481-486. [PMID: 33184714 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-020-01363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luming Li
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Ahuja V, Gorecka J, Yoo P, Emerson BL. A longitudinal course pilot to improve surgical resident acquisition of quality improvement skills. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254922. [PMID: 34280243 PMCID: PMC8289028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Problem Despite mounting evidence that incorporation of QI curricula into surgical trainee education improves morbidity and outcomes, surgery training programs lack standardized QI curricula and tools to measure QI knowledge. In the current study, we developed, implemented, and evaluated a quality improvement curriculum for surgical residents. Intervention Surgical trainees participated in a longitudinal, year-long (2019–2020) curriculum based on the Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s online program. Online curriculum was supplemented with in person didactics and small group projects. Acquisition of skills was assessed pre- and post- course via self-report on a Likert scale as well as the Quality Improvement Knowledge Application Tool (QIKAT). Self-efficacy scores were assessed using the General Self-Efficacy Scale. 9 out of 18 total course participants completed the post course survey. This first course cohort was analyzed as a pilot for future work. Context The project was developed and deployed among surgical residents during their research/lab year. Teams of surgical residents were partnered with a faculty project mentor, as well as non-physician teammates for project work. Impact Participation in the QI course significantly increased skills related to studying the process (p = 0.0463), making changes in a system (p = 0.0167), identifying whether a change leads to an improvement (p = 0.0039), using small cycles of change (p = 0.0000), identifying best practices and comparing them to local practices (p = 0.0020), using PDSA model as a systematic framework for trial and learning (p = 0.0004), identifying how data is linked to specific processes (p = 0.0488), and building the next improvement cycle upon success or failure (p = 0.0316). There was also a significant improvement in aim (p = 0.037) and change (p = 0.029) responses to one QIKAT vignette. Lessons learned We describe the effectiveness of a pilot longitudinal, multi component QI course based on the IHI online curriculum in improving surgical trainee knowledge and use of key QI skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita Ahuja
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jolanta Gorecka
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Peter Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Beth L. Emerson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Parekh N, Lebduska E, Hoffman E, Kohli A, Demoise D, Jeong K, Rothenberger S, Fischer GS, Spagnoletti C, Hariharan J. A Longitudinal Ambulatory Quality Improvement Curriculum That Aligns Resident Education With Patient Outcomes: A 3-Year Experience. Am J Med Qual 2021; 35:242-251. [PMID: 31296021 DOI: 10.1177/1062860619861949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quality improvement (QI) plays a vital role in practice management, patient care, and reimbursement. The authors implemented a 3-year longitudinal curriculum that combined QI didactics, intervention development, and implementation at university-based, community-based, and Veterans Administration-based practices. Highlights included Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle format, team-based collaboration to brainstorm interventions, interdisciplinary QI council to select and plan interventions, system-wide intervention implementation across entire clinic populations with outcome monitoring, and intervention modifications based on challenges. A pre-post survey assessed residents' confidence in QI skills and interdisciplinary team participation, while quarterly quality data assessed patient outcomes. All 150 internal medicine residents participated. Confidence in QI and interdisciplinary team participation improved significantly (P < .001). Patient outcomes improved for 6 of 9 targeted projects and were sustained at 1 year. This curriculum is a systems-based innovation designed to improve patient care and encourage interdisciplinary teamwork and can be adopted by residencies seeking to improve engagement in QI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Parekh
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,UPMC Center for High-Value Health Care, UPMC Insurance Services Division, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Erika Hoffman
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Amar Kohli
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Financial Incentives to Enhance Participation of Resident Physicians in Hospital-Based Quality Improvement Projects. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2021; 47:545-555. [PMID: 34023276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods to promote successful trainee participation in quality improvement projects are poorly studied. This project studied the effects of a trainee pay-for-performance program and quality improvement education at a safety-net hospital. METHODS In this program, trainees worked with quality improvement faculty, participated in projects aligned with the hospital's priorities, and designed their program-specific project. Each trainee who worked at least 88 days in the institution was eligible to earn $400 for every target achieved for at least six months (maximum of $1,200). RESULTS Among hospitalwide goals, needlestick injuries per quarter decreased from [mean (standard deviation; SD)] 18 (4.6) to 12 (2.6), 95% confidence interval (CI) = -10.1-1.9, p = 0.02; percentage of excellent provider communication improved from 76.8% to [mean (SD)] 80.5% (2.9), 95% CI = 0.8-8.3, p = 0.08; and mean length of stay for discharged emergency department patients requiring specialist consultation decreased from [mean (SD)] 523 (120) to 461 (40) minutes, 95% CI = -162-37.2, p = 0.11. Among resident-initiated projects, the percentage of Family Medicine patients undergoing colorectal screening increased from 65.1% to [mean (SD)] 67.7% (0.4), 95% CI = 1.7-3.5, p = 0.01; percentage of at-risk patients receiving naloxone at hospital discharge increased from 9% to [mean (SD)] 63% (7.2), 95% CI = 36.1-71.9, p = 0.01; percentage of adolescents screened for chlamydia increased from 34% to [mean (SD)] 55.8% (6.4), 95% CI = 5.9-37.6, p = 0.03; and percentage of high-dose opioid prescriptions following cesarean section decreased from 28% to [mean (SD)] 1.7% (2.9), 95% CI = -33.5 to -19.2, p = 0.001. Eleven of 14 programs achieved three goals. All resident-led goals were met. CONCLUSION A pay-for-performance improvement program that aligns educational and hospital priorities can provide meaningful experiential learning for trainees and improve patient care.
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Mavroudis CL, Dowzicky P, Kelz RR. Empowering Resident Physicians to Lead by Teaching Principles of Quality and Safety in Surgery. JAMA Surg 2021; 156:393-394. [PMID: 33595603 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.6667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Mavroudis
- Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Phillip Dowzicky
- Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Rachel R Kelz
- Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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15
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Myers C, Genies M. Value Added: Trainee Involvement in Patient Safety and Quality Improvement. Qual Manag Health Care 2021; 30:138-139. [PMID: 33492065 DOI: 10.1097/qmh.0000000000000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlie Myers
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Dr Myers) and Pediatrics (Dr Marquita), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Armstrong Institute of Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (Dr Myers)
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16
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reporting of adverse and near miss events are essential to identify system level targets to improve patient safety. Resident physicians historically report few events despite their role as front-line patient care providers. We sought to evaluate barriers to adverse event reporting in an effort to improve reporting. Our main outcomes were as follows: resident attitudes about event reporting and the frequency of event reporting before and after interventions to address reporting barriers. METHODS We surveyed first year residents regarding barriers to adverse event reporting and used this input to construct a fishbone diagram listing barriers to reporting. Barriers were addressed, and resident event reporting was compared before and after efforts were made to reduce obstacles to reporting. RESULTS First year residents (97%) recognized the importance of submitting event reports; however, the majority (85%) had not submitted an event report in the first 6 months of residency. Only 7% of residents specified that they had not witnessed an adverse event in 6 months, whereas one third had witnessed 10 or more events. The main barriers were as follows: lack of knowledge about how to submit events (38%) and lack of time to submit reports (35%). After improving resident education around event reporting and simplifying the reporting process, resident event reporting increased 230% (68 to 154 annual reports, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS We were able to significantly increase resident event reporting by educating residents about adverse events and near misses and addressing the primary barriers to event reporting. Moving forward, we will continue annual resident education about patient safety, focus on improving feedback to residents who submit reports, and empower senior residents to act as role models to junior residents in patient safety initiatives.
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17
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Grover P, Volshteyn O, Carr DB. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Quality Improvement and Research Curriculum: Design and Implementation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 100:S23-S29. [PMID: 32740055 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Physical medicine and rehabilitation residency programs do not demonstrate a uniform level of training and mentorship for resident scholarly activities related in part to variable utilization of standardized curricula. The aim of this study was to design, develop, implement, and evaluate a structured Quality Improvement and Research Curriculum for a physical medicine and rehabilitation residency program in academic year 2015 using standardized methodology. A combination of five-phase project-lifecycle and six-step medical-curriculum development methodologies was used to integrate existing resources into five institutional domains: (1) Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Program; (2) Research Mentorship Program; (3) Rehab in Review; (4) Publication and Presentation Resources, and (5) Research and QI Lecture Series. Dedicated resident-faculty teams were created for individual domains and for the overall curriculum. Written materials developed included scope documents, reporting forms, and tracking tables. A dedicated webpage on the department website served as an accessible resource. A bimonthly Updates newsletter highlighted ongoing resident achievements. Program and resident outcome metrics were evaluated at the mid and end of academic year 2015. Excellent resident and good faculty participation in the curriculum was observed. Resident publication and presentation productivity improved. Time was the biggest barrier to success. Key factors for success included phased implementation, dedicated teams, scope clarity, accessible resources, personnel support, resident champions, and faculty mentorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Grover
- From the Division of Neurorehabilitation, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (PG, OV); The Rehabilitation Institute of St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (PG); and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (DBC)
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18
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Davis R, D’Lima D. Building capacity in dissemination and implementation science: a systematic review of the academic literature on teaching and training initiatives. Implement Sci 2020; 15:97. [PMID: 33126909 PMCID: PMC7597006 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-020-01051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science has grown significantly over recent years. Alongside this, an increased demand for training in D&I from researchers and implementers has been seen. Research describing and evaluating D&I training opportunities, referred to here as 'capacity building initiatives' (CBIs), can help provide an understanding of different methods of training as well as training successes and challenges. However, to gain a more detailed understanding of the evidence-base and how D&I CBIs are being reported in publications, a field-wide examination of the academic literature is required. METHODS Systematic review to identify the type and range of D&I CBIs discussed and/or appraised in the academic literature. EMBASE, Medline and PsycINFO were searched between January 2006 and November 2019. Articles were included if they reported on a D&I CBI that was developed by the authors (of each of the included articles) or the author's host institution. Two reviewers independently screened the articles and extracted data using a standardised form. RESULTS Thirty-one articles (from a total of 4181) were included. From these, 41 distinct D&I CBIs were identified which focussed on different contexts and professions, from 8 countries across the world. CBIs ranged from short courses to training institutes to being part of academic programmes. Nearly half were delivered face-face with the remainder delivered remotely or using a blended format. CBIs often stipulated specific eligibility criteria, strict application processes and/or were oversubscribed. Variabilities in the way in which the D&I CBIs were reported and/or evaluated were evident. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the number of training opportunities, as well as broadening their reach (to a wider range of learners), would help address the recognised deficit in D&I training. Standardisation in the reporting of D&I CBIs would enable the D&I community to better understand the findings across different contexts and scientific professions so that training gaps can be identified and overcome. More detailed examination of publications on D&I CBIs as well as the wider literature on capacity building would be of significant merit to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Davis
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle D’Lima
- Centre for Behaviour Change, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Brown A, Lafreniere K, Freedman D, Nidumolu A, Mancuso M, Hecker K, Kassam A. A realist synthesis of quality improvement curricula in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education: what works, for whom, and in what contexts? BMJ Qual Saf 2020; 30:337-352. [PMID: 33023936 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2020-010887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the integration of quality improvement (QI) into competency-based models of physician training, there is an increasing requirement for medical students and residents to demonstrate competence in QI. There may be factors that commonly facilitate or inhibit the desired outcomes of QI curricula in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. The purpose of this review was to synthesise attributes of QI curricula in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education associated with curricular outcomes. METHODS A realist synthesis of peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted to identify the common contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of QI curricula in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education in order to develop a programme theory to articulate what works, for whom, and in what contexts. RESULTS 18854 records underwent title and abstract screening, full texts of 609 records were appraised for eligibility, data were extracted from 358 studies, and 218 studies were included in the development and refinement of the final programme theory. Contexts included curricular strategies, levels of training, clinical settings, and organisational culture. Mechanisms were identified within the overall QI curricula itself (eg, clear expectations and deliverables, and protected time), in the didactic components (ie, content delivery strategies), and within the experiential components (eg, topic selection strategies, working with others, and mentorship). Mechanisms were often associated with certain contexts to promote educational and clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION This research describes the various pedagogical strategies for teaching QI to medical learners and highlights the contexts and mechanisms that could potentially account for differences in educational and clinical outcomes of QI curricula. Educators may benefit from considering these contexts and mechanisms in the design and implementation of QI curricula to optimise the outcomes of training in this competency area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Brown
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada .,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kyle Lafreniere
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aditya Nidumolu
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Matthew Mancuso
- Undergraduate Medical Education, University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kent Hecker
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aliya Kassam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Roth LT. A Resident-Led QI Project to Improve Dental Health at a Primary Care Pediatric Practice. J Grad Med Educ 2020; 12:571-577. [PMID: 33149826 PMCID: PMC7594796 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-19-00959.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries are the most common chronic condition of childhood and have significant medical, psychological, and financial consequences. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends primary care physicians apply fluoride varnish (FV) every 3 to 6 months from tooth emergence through age 5. OBJECTIVE Through a resident-led quality improvement (QI) project, we aimed to provide FV to 50% of patients ages 1 through 5 who did not have a dental visit in the preceding 6 months or receive FV elsewhere in the past month. METHODS From May 2017 through April 2018, we conducted 7 monthly plan-do-study-act cycles to improve our primary outcome measure (FV application), secondary outcome measure (percentage of patients who had routine dental care), and process measure (percentage of dental referrals). Balancing measures included time taken away from other clinical priorities and reimbursement rates. RESULTS Fluoride varnish application improved from 3.6% to 44% with a 54% peak. The percentage of patients under 6 who had seen a dentist in the past 6 months increased from 30% to 47%. The percentage of dental referrals increased from 17% to 33%. CONCLUSIONS Application of FV is a quick, cost-effective way for primary care providers to improve dental health. This resident-led QI project increased rates of FV application, dental referrals, and dental visits while meeting ACGME guidelines for experiential learning in QI. By adapting to state-specific guidelines and workflows of each clinic, this QI project could be nationally reproduced to improve adherence to AAP and United States Preventive Services Task Force guidelines.
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21
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Durstenfeld MS, Statman S, Carney K, Cohan B, Bosworth B, Hauck K, Dikman A. Swimming With Sharks: Teaching Residents Value-Based Medicine and Quality Improvement Through Resident-Pitched Projects. J Grad Med Educ 2020; 12:320-326. [PMID: 32595852 PMCID: PMC7301934 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-19-00421.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To create meaningful quality improvement (QI) curricula for graduate medical education (GME) trainees, institutions strive to improve coordination of QI curricula with hospital improvement infrastructure. OBJECTIVE We created a curriculum to teach residents about QI and value-based medicine (VBM) and assessed curricular effectiveness. METHODS We designed a 2-week required curriculum for internal medicine residents at a large academic program. After participating in basic skills workshops, trainees developed QI/VBM project ideas with faculty and nonclinical support and pitched them to hospital leaders at the end of the rotation. Pre-post and 1-year follow-up surveys were conducted for residents to self-assess knowledge, attitudes, and skills, participation in QI/VBM projects, and career intentions. We tracked QI/VBM project implementation. RESULTS In the first 2 years (2017-2018), 92 trainees participated, and 71 of 76 (93%) recommended the curriculum. Surveys (76 of 92, 83%) show improvement in our learning objectives (12%-60% pre to 62%-97% post; P < .001 for all; Cohen's d effect size 0.7-1.2), which are sustained at 1-year follow-up (57%-95%; P < .01). Four of 19 projects have been implemented. At 1 year, 95% of residents had presented a quality/value poster presentation, 44% were involved in QI/VBM beyond required rotations, and 26% plan to pursue careers focused on improving quality, safety, or value. CONCLUSIONS Our project-based curriculum culminating in a project pitch to hospital leadership was acceptable to GME trainees, improved self-assessed skills sustained at 1 year, and resulted in successfully implemented QI/VBM projects.
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22
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Kouo T, Kleinman K, Fujii-Rios H, Badaki-Makun O, Kim J, Falco L, Canares TL. A Resident-Led QI Initiative to Improve Pediatric Emergency Department Boarding Times. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-1477. [PMID: 32434760 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric emergency department (PED) overcrowding and prolonged boarding times (admission order to PED departure) decrease quality of care. Timely transfer of patients from the PED to inpatient units is a key driver that relieves overcrowding. In 2015, PED boarding time at our hospital was 10% longer than the national benchmark. We described a resident-led quality-improvement initiative to decrease PED mean boarding times by 10% (from 173 to 156 minutes) within 6 months among general pediatric admissions. METHODS We applied Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology. PDSA 1 (October 2016) interventions were bundled to include streamlined mobile communications, biweekly educational presentations, and reminder signs. PDSA 2 (August 2017) provided alternative workflows for senior residents. Outcomes were mean PED boarding times for general pediatrics admissions. The proportion of PICU transfers within 12 hours of admission served as a balancing measure. Statistical process control charts were used to analyze boarding times and PICU transfer rates. RESULTS Leading up to PDSA 1, monthly mean boarding times decreased from 173 to 145 minutes and were sustained throughout the study period and up to 1 year after study completion. The X-bar chart demonstrated a shift with 57 consecutive months of mean boarding times below the preintervention mean. There were no changes in PICU transfer rates within 12 hours of admission. CONCULSIONS Resident-led quality improvement efforts, including education and streamlined workflow, significantly improved PED boarding time without causing harm to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Kouo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; .,Divisions of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and
| | - Keith Kleinman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Divisions of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and
| | - Hanae Fujii-Rios
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Oluwakemi Badaki-Makun
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Divisions of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and
| | - Julia Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
| | - Lucas Falco
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Therese L Canares
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Divisions of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and
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23
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Vitale R, Smith S, Doolittle BR. Improving patient satisfaction through improved telephone triage in a primary care practice. Fam Med Community Health 2020; 7:e000208. [PMID: 32148730 PMCID: PMC6910770 DOI: 10.1136/fmch-2019-000208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to improve the telephone communication experience for patients in a primary care practice. Design An exploratory survey was conducted that revealed suboptimal patient satisfaction with clinic access due to the telephone triage system. Several interventions were designed: a monthly quality meeting was established among clinic staff, all phone interactions were recorded in the electronic medical record (EMR) and clinic appointments were made available several months in advance. A follow-up survey was conducted to evaluate these interventions. Setting The study was conducted in a multispecialty, urban-based, resident-faculty practice from November 2016 to November 2017. Participants Subjects were recruited in a convenience sample from the waiting room. 200 subjects participated in the initial survey and 215 in the second survey. Results After the interventions, patients felt that their questions were answered more frequently than before (p<0.01). They also felt that appointments were easier to make (p=0.03). A similar number of patients reported seeking emergency care because they were unable to reach a provider (33.8% vs 31.9%, p=0.68). The percentage of patients who received a call back within 24 hours increased, but it was not statistically significant (38.6% vs 44%, p=0.13). Conclusion Improving telephone triage through implementing a monthly quality improvement meeting, optimising use of the EMR and opening schedules several months in advance resulted in several improvements in the patient experience, but did not change use of emergency services. Further interventions, including increased resource allocation, are needed to optimise patient experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Vitale
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha Smith
- Department of Orthopedics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Benjamin R Doolittle
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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24
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Kennedy AG, Burnett M, Muthukrishnan P, Sobel H, van Eeghen C, Repp AB. "I Think I Was Losing the Forest for the Trees": Evaluation of an Internal Medicine Residency Quality Improvement Curriculum. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2020; 30:197-202. [PMID: 34457659 PMCID: PMC8368586 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-019-00854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quality improvement (QI) training during residency may not be adequately preparing physicians for achieving Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education goals and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Triple Aim. The purpose of this evaluation was to identify residents' perceptions and impact of their QI curriculum. METHODS We conducted a mixed-methods evaluation of an active-learning QI curriculum for internal medicine residents at one academic medical center. Data from 2017 to 2018 included a focus group, pre-post survey, project data, and curricular materials. Results were categorized using Kirkpatrick's model of evaluation. RESULTS All second-year internal medicine residents completed the curriculum (N = 14). Residents were satisfied with the structure and perceived accomplishment with the curriculum, however were dissatisfied by the impact of inconsistent attendance due to clinical conflicts. Their confidence in QI increased; however, they reported difficulty retaining knowledge and skills. Survey scores related to usefulness and anticipated application of QI were unchanged from baseline. CONCLUSIONS This applied QI curriculum appeared to improve short-term learning. However, the curriculum did not promote long-term understanding of QI. Finding ways to promote skills and retention beyond the curriculum requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G. Kennedy
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Maria Burnett
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Preetika Muthukrishnan
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Halle Sobel
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Constance van Eeghen
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
| | - Allen B. Repp
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405 USA
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25
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Tello JE, Barbazza E, Waddell K. Review of 128 quality of care mechanisms: A framework and mapping for health system stewards. Health Policy 2020; 124:12-24. [PMID: 31791717 PMCID: PMC6946442 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Health system stewards have the critical task to identify quality of care deficiencies and resolve underlying system limitations. Despite a growing evidence-base on the effectiveness of certain mechanisms for improving quality of care, frameworks to facilitate the oversight function of stewards and the use of mechanisms to improve outcomes remain underdeveloped. This review set out to catalogue a wide range of quality of care mechanisms and evidence on their effectiveness, and to map these in a framework along two dimensions: (i) governance subfunctions; and (ii) targets of quality of care mechanisms. To identify quality of care mechanisms, a series of searches were run in Health Systems Evidence and PubMed. Additional grey literature was reviewed. A total of 128 quality of care mechanisms were identified. For each mechanism, searches were carried out for systematic reviews on their effectiveness. These findings were mapped in the framework defined. The mapping illustrates the range and evidence for mechanisms varies and is more developed for some target areas such as the health workforce. Across the governance sub-functions, more mechanisms and with evidence of effectiveness are found for setting priorities and standards and organizing and monitoring for action. This framework can support system stewards to map the quality of care mechanisms used in their systems and to uncover opportunities for optimization backed by systems thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Tello
- Integrated Prevention and Control of NCDs Programme, Division of NCDs and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Erica Barbazza
- Academic UMC, Department of Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; WHO European Centre for Primary Health Care, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Kerry Waddell
- McMaster Health Forum, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; WHO European Centre for Primary Health Care, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
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26
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Using Lean Performance Improvement for Patient-Centered Medical Home Transformation at an Academic Public Hospital. J Healthc Qual 2019; 41:350-361. [PMID: 31725078 DOI: 10.1097/jhq.0000000000000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although Lean performance improvement (PI) has been used in health care for more than 15 years, little is known about how Lean has been used in Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) transformation. We describe our experience implementing Lean in our safety-net, primary care teaching clinic. To advance high value care, a culture of systematic, sustainable PI methods needed to be integrated into primary care and taught to resident physicians. Clinic leadership were trained in Lean methods, protected time was dedicated to PI for a stable, interdisciplinary team, then visual management was introduced, and resident physicians were integrated into the clinic's PI initiatives. Self-assessment using the PCMH Assessment tool demonstrated improvement in core features of the PCMH model. Process outcomes also revealed successful, sustainable integration of Lean into our primary care clinic and resident training, and early findings show improvements in clinical quality outcomes. Patient survey outcomes demonstrate improvement in patient experience. Lean can be used successfully to promote PCMH transformation and create a culture of continuous PI in an academic, safety-net primary care setting.
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Abstract
Hospitals and healthcare institutions have strong external and internal pressures to improve patient safety and healthcare quality. Quality improvement education has been mandated for resident physicians by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. This review describes didactic and experiential curricula for residents in quality improvement interventions as well as factors that create challenges to implementing such a curriculum and those that foster it. Resident attitudes, faculty capacity, institutional resources, and dedicated time are critical elements influencing the success of quality improvement curricula. Faculty interest in quality improvement could be enhanced by academic recognition of their work. Recommendations to facilitate publication of quality improvement efforts are described.
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Re-thinking How We Teach Quality Improvement: Adding Meaning to an ACGME Requirement. J Gen Intern Med 2019; 34:1662-1667. [PMID: 31197728 PMCID: PMC6667725 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many residency programs have struggled to meaningfully meet the ACGME quality improvement (QI) requirements. Similarly, our residents were receiving limited QI education, and their longitudinal projects were ineffective. AIM Create an integrated didactic and experiential learning environment that equips residents to become leaders of QI. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Internal medicine (IM) residency program of 45 residents in a large community hospital. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION This curriculum included eight content areas. Games, real-life application, and project celebrations cultivated engagement. Sessions occurred during residents' 2-week outpatient rotations. Project development was standardized. PROGRAM EVALUATION The QI Knowledge Application Tool-Revised (QIKAT-R) and separate surveys were used before and after the curriculum's implementation to evaluate resident QI knowledge and confidence, respectively. We also tracked QI scholarship and faculty engagement. Mean QIKAT-R scores improved significantly from 7.0 (SD 2.9) at baseline to 16.6 (SD 4.7) post-curriculum (n = 37 pairs, p = 0.043). Residents' adverse event reporting increased from 44% (19/43) at baseline to 90% (28/31) post-curriculum. Seven presentations were accepted for local, regional, and national conferences, compared with one presentation the preceding year. DISCUSSION A QI curriculum can be successfully integrated in a "4 + 2" program.
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Development of a Quality Improvement Curriculum in a Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship. Pediatr Emerg Care 2019; 35:373-376. [PMID: 30964849 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000001824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quality improvement (QI) is a science of systematic analysis and improvement of health care delivery systems. Working knowledge of QI models is imperative to professional development of future pediatric emergency medicine practitioners. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has established a list of QI and patient safety expectations for trainees. In order to address educational needs in this area, we have created a novel QI curriculum for pediatric emergency medicine fellows that include didactic sessions, active participation in QI projects, and mentorship by QI faculty. As a part of the curriculum, fellows are required to participate in variety of QI and patient safety activities, such as Morbidity and Mortality conferences, QI and Patient Case Review committees, and Clinical Care Guideline work groups. As a measure of success, fellows who have participated in this curriculum have shared their successful QI work at the local and national levels. This goal of this report is to share our experience in order to provide other institutions a framework for their own curriculum development.
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Hajjar-Nejad MJ, Kubicki N, Morales D, Kavic SM. Multilevel Quality Improvement Teams: An Alternative Approach for Surgical Academic Training Programs to Meet ACGME Core Competency Milestones. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2019; 76:785-794. [PMID: 30472060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality improvement (QI) activities are an integral part of residency training. We started the process to implement team-based, multilevel QI project streams within our academic surgical residency by studying resident perceptions. OBJECTIVE Our residency carried out 6 QI projects in line with the American Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies. A resident survey was completed in 2016 to measure resident perceptions of an individual versus team-based QI project approach. METHODS This was a descriptive study looking at resident's preference for team projects and ongoing projects within the training program. We started in 2014 utilizing Wait's Team Action Projects in surgery paradigm to conduct 6 QI projects. After initiation of projects, we allotted 2 full years to pass prior to assessing resident perceptions via a 12-item survey. RESULTS Notably, this was a descriptive study aiming to capture resident perceptions on team-based QI and the foundational elements necessary to create and sustain such projects by integrating into our curriculum from the intern year. In 2016, 40 residents completed surveys (72.7% response rate), all (100%) opined that they preferred team-based approaches over individual ones, and 75% were on board to move forward with only a team-based approach in the future. CONCLUSIONS This was a pivotal start to adopting a team-based QI project strategy in the future and laid a solid foundation to build upon. We found residents in our program desire to work within teams early on to develop effective solutions to clinical problems. Residents perceived that the team-based model resulted in an improved resident experience with the QI process and improved patient care. We hope to publish a series of articles updating our progress as we move forward in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Kubicki
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Morales
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephen M Kavic
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Advanced Quality Training in Radiology: Inaugural Report of a 2-Year Program. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 212:1082-1090. [PMID: 30835516 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.18.20734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the outcomes of a 2-year advanced quality training program for radiology residents. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In 2016, the radiology quality committee of a quaternary health system created a hands-on 2-year advanced quality training curriculum for diagnostic and interventional radiology residents. Internal candidates with the following prerequisites submitted competitive applications: registration for a 2-day lean health care management course, completion of four or more Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) quality essentials certificates, identification of faculty mentor(s), selection of one quality improvement project to champion, and completion of a two-page essay summarizing interest in quality improvement, the proposed project, and its potential impact. Residents were required to attend monthly quality meetings, pursue their project and its derivatives, submit completed work for consideration to a national meeting and for publication, and present at departmental grand rounds. Outcomes were summarized using descriptive statistics. RESULTS. Five residents submitted four projects for consideration, and all five were selected. In addition to the four submitted projects, seven additional projects were pursued. Participants worked on nine local and three multicenter process improvements, gave one to two grand rounds each, presented three oral and five poster presentations, generated eight publications, received three awards, formed 14 mentor-mentee relationships, and influenced local and multisite practice patterns. Participants reported gaining firsthand experience in quality improvement principles and developing real-world leadership skills. CONCLUSION. A targeted 2-year curriculum emphasizing hands-on quality improvement experience with rich mentor-mentee relationships can produce meaningful results.
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Gonzalo JD, Chang A, Wolpaw DR. New Educator Roles for Health Systems Science: Implications of New Physician Competencies for U.S. Medical School Faculty. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2019; 94:501-506. [PMID: 30520810 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000002552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To address gaps in U.S. health care outcomes, medical education is evolving to incorporate new competencies, as well as to align with care delivery transformation and prepare systems-ready providers. These new health systems science (HSS) competencies-including value-based care, quality improvement, social determinants of health, population health, informatics, and systems thinking-require formal education and role modeling in both classroom and clinical settings. This is challenging because few faculty had formal training in how to practice or teach these concepts. Thus, these new competencies require both expanding current educators' skills and a new cohort of educators, especially interprofessional clinicians. Additionally, because interprofessional teams are the foundation of many clinical learning environments, medical schools are developing innovative experiential activities that include interprofessional clinicians as teachers. This combination of a relative "expertise vacuum" within the current cohort of medical educators and expanding need for workplace learning opportunities requires a reimagining of medical school teachers. Based on experiences implementing HSS curricula at two U.S. medical schools (Penn State College of Medicine and University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, starting in 2013), this Perspective explores the need for new educator competencies and the implications for medical education, including the need to identify and integrate "new" educators into the education mission, develop faculty educators' knowledge and skills in HSS, and acknowledge and reward new and emerging educators. These efforts have the potential to better align the clinical and education missions of academic health centers and cultivate the next generation of physician leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed D Gonzalo
- J.D. Gonzalo is associate professor of medicine and public health sciences and associate dean for health systems education, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-2963. A. Chang is professor of medicine, Gold-Headed Cane Endowed Education Chair in Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California. D.R. Wolpaw is professor of medicine and humanities, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7567-2034
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Berkowitz O, Goldgar C, White SE, Warner ML. A National Survey of Quality Improvement Education in Physician Assistant Programs. J Physician Assist Educ 2019; 30:1-8. [PMID: 30801553 DOI: 10.1097/jpa.0000000000000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quality improvement (QI) is emerging as a leadership and career track for physician assistants (PAs). Information on how PA programs teach QI is sparse. This study aimed to define how PA programs are providing education in QI through a national program survey. METHODS Curriculum survey questions were deployed as a part of the 2014-2015 Physician Assistant Education Association program survey. Questions were grouped into 4 categories: QI champion, pedagogy, integration strategy, and curriculum content. Differences between groups were analyzed, and logistic regression models were built to explore associations. RESULTS All 194 (100%) PA programs responded to the survey. There were 137 (70.6%) programs that were teaching QI. The median number of total instructional hours was 12 (interquartile range = 16, overall range = 109). There were 37 (27%) programs that were categorized as having a "mature curriculum." Mature curricula were significantly associated with a QI champion who is an expert from an outside department/institution (odds ratio [OR], 5.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-22.33) and with programs that have a QI capstone or thesis project (OR, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.14-11.72) whose educational hours correlated more with experiential learning (r = 0.51, P < .01), small group sessions (r = 0.42, P = .01), and web-based modules (r = 0.36, P = .03). CONCLUSION Quality improvement is an important skill set for PAs, but nearly one-third of PA programs do not have a QI curriculum. Mature curricula were associated with more experiential learning and project-based learning (including capstone/thesis). This study captured many elements of QI education for PAs, which can be used by programs to develop and improve their curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Berkowitz
- Oren Berkowitz, PhD, PA-C, was director of research and an assistant professor of medicine in the PA program at Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. He is now a senior lecturer in the Department of Health Systems Management at Ariel University, Ariel, Israel. Constance Goldgar, MS, PA-C, is the director of graduate studies and an associate professor for the Physician Assistant Program at the University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah. Susan E. White, MD, is the director of didactic education and an assistant professor of obstetrics & gynecology in the PA program at the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. Mary L. Warner, MMSc, PA-C, is the program director and an assistant professor of medicine in the Physician Assistant Program at the Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gotlib Conn L, Nathens AB, Soobiah C, Tien H, Haas B. Uncovering Cultural Barriers to Quality Improvement Learning in a Trauma Program: An Ethnographic Study. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2019; 76:497-505. [PMID: 30111519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Quality improvement (QI) training is an essential component of postgraduate surgical education and can occur through formal and informal education programs. Informal QI education requires that faculty take advantage of learning opportunities in the hospital setting. Trauma rotations appear ideal opportunities for informal QI learning given that performance improvement is a mandatory component of care at verified trauma centers. It is unclear, however, whether QI initiatives within trauma programs are well integrated into trainee education. This study explored the QI learning environment in a level 1 academic trauma center. STUDY DESIGN An ethnographic study using observation and interviews methods. The theoretical lens of hidden curriculum was used to interpret the data and generate hypotheses around faculty and trainee experiences. SETTING University of Toronto and Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-seven observations involving more than 50 faculty and trainees; seventeen interviews with faculty and surgical trainees. RESULTS All faculty and trainees endorsed QI and informal QI learning. Discrepant experiences were found regarding opportunities to learn and do QI in the clinical setting. Faculty viewed themselves as perpetually doing and teaching QI while trainees perceived little to no QI learning. Trainees identified Morbidity and Mortality rounds as the main opportunity for QI learning; however, traditional teaching style through "pimping" and a largely clinical focus acted as barriers to QI education. Furthermore, trainees chiefly viewed QI as service to the institution, rather than as a form of learning, which contributed to their disinterest in taking up informal QI lessons. CONCLUSION Informal QI education is highly valued and desired in academic trauma centers but enduring teaching methods, inconsistencies in the cultural learning environment and a hidden curriculum devaluing QI learning are persistent barriers to change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Gotlib Conn
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
| | - Avery B Nathens
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
| | - Charlene Soobiah
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
| | - Homer Tien
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
| | - Barbara Haas
- Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
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Batalden M. CEO-CLER Innovation Grants Program: Empowering Residents as Clinical Learning Environment Change Agents. J Grad Med Educ 2019; 11:72-78. [PMID: 30805101 PMCID: PMC6375339 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-18-00278.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many efforts over the past decade have focused on developing quality improvement and safety curricula for residents. Sponsoring institutions have encountered challenges aligning resident projects with institutional quality and safety priorities, engaging faculty mentors, and securing support for resident initiatives from executive leadership. OBJECTIVE We developed a small grants program to support resident-led change projects intended to improve the clinical learning environment. We assessed program acceptability to residents and faculty, impact of program structure in supporting successful change projects, and program feasibility and financial sustainability. METHODS Program acceptability was assessed through a review of resident participation. Three aspects of resident change project success were considered: (1) accomplishment of stated aims; (2) institutional change beyond the end of grant funding; and (3) academic publication or presentation. The impact of program structure on project success was assessed through a review of submitted end-of-year narrative reports. RESULTS The Award Selection Committee has given 41 awards to 44 residents over 4 years, engaging 21% (44 of 213) of residents. Seventy-one percent of projects (29 of 41) produced changes that continued beyond the grant year, and 46% (19 of 41) produced an academic publication or presentation. At the end of the grant period that funded the program's initial 3 years, the chief executive officer elected to continue program funding. CONCLUSIONS A small grants program supporting resident-led change projects intended to improve the clinical learning environment is acceptable to residents and faculty, feasible to administer, and sustainable with support from institutional senior leaders.
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Goldman J, Kuper A, Wong BM. How Theory Can Inform Our Understanding of Experiential Learning in Quality Improvement Education. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2018; 93:1784-1790. [PMID: 29901662 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that quality improvement (QI) education should be experiential. Many training programs believe that making QI learning "hands-on" through project-based learning will translate into successful learning about QI. However, this pervasive and overly simplistic interpretation of experiential QI learning, and the general lack of empirical exploration of the factors that influence experiential learning processes, may limit the overall impact of project-based learning on educational outcomes.In this Perspective, the authors explore the opportunities afforded by a theoretically informed approach, to deepen understanding of the diverse factors that affect experiential QI learning processes in the clinical learning environment. The authors introduce the theoretical underpinnings of experiential learning more generally, and then draw on their experiences and data, obtained in organizing and studying QI education activities, to illuminate how sociocultural theories such as Billett's workplace learning theory, and sociomaterial perspectives such as actor-network theory, can provide valuable lenses for increasing our understanding of the varied individuals, objects, contexts, and their relationships that influence project-based experiential learning. The two theoretically informed approaches that the authors describe are amongst numerous others that can inform a QI education research agenda aimed at optimizing educational processes and outcomes. The authors conclude by highlighting how a theoretically informed QI education research agenda can advance the field of QI education; they then describe strategies for achieving this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Goldman
- J. Goldman is scientist, Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, and assistant professor, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A. Kuper is associate professor, Department of Medicine, scientist and associate director, Wilson Centre for Research in Education, University Health Network, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, and staff physician, Division of General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. B.M. Wong is associate professor, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, associate director, Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, and staff physician, Division of General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Educational Resources for Resident Training in Quality Improvement: A National Survey of Urology Residency Program Directors. UROLOGY PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urpr.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cheston CC, Alarcon LN, Martinez JF, Hadland SE, Moses JM. Evaluating the Feasibility of Incorporating In-Person Interpreters on Family-Centered Rounds: A QI Initiative. Hosp Pediatr 2018; 8:471-478. [PMID: 30018123 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2017-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No best practice has been defined for incorporating in-person interpreters into family-centered rounds (FCRs) for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP). We hypothesized that addressing barriers to scheduling in-person interpreters would make FCR encounters more likely, and thus ensure more equitable care for LEP patients. METHODS A quality improvement initiative was conducted from October 2014 to March 2016 to arrange in-person interpreters for LEP patients during FCRs on the inpatient pediatric service of a large, urban, tertiary care center in Boston. Main interventions included establishing a protocol for scheduling interpreters for rounds and the implementation of a form to track process adherence. Our primary outcome was the percentage of FCR encounters with LEP patients with an interpreter present. Our balancing measures were patient satisfaction, which was assessed using validated surveys administered weekly by nonphysician team members through convenience sampling of families present on the wards, and rounds duration. RESULTS There were 614 encounters with LEP patients during the intervention, 367 of which included in-person interpreters. The percentage of encounters with LEP patients involving interpreters increased from 0% to 63%. Form completion, our primary process measure, reached 87% in the most recent phase. English-proficient and LEP patients reported similar satisfaction with their rounding experience amid a modest increase in rounds duration (preintervention, 105 minutes; postintervention, 130 minutes; P = .056). CONCLUSIONS Using quality improvement as a framework to address key barriers, we successfully implemented a process that increased the participation of in-person interpreters on FCRs on a busy pediatric service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Cheston
- Departments of Pediatrics and
- Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Julio F Martinez
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Scott E Hadland
- Departments of Pediatrics and
- Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James M Moses
- Departments of Pediatrics and
- Family Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Burkes RM, Mkorombindo T, Chaddha U, Bhatt A, El-Kersh K, Cavallazzi R, Kubiak N. Impact of Quality Improvement on Care of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients in an Internal Medicine Resident Clinic. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:E88. [PMID: 30044381 PMCID: PMC6165540 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Guideline-discordant care of COPD is not uncommon. Further, there is a push to incorporate quality improvement (QI) training into internal medicine (IM) residency curricula. This study compared quality of care of COPD patients in an IM residents' clinic and a pulmonary fellows' clinic and, subsequently, the results of a quality improvement program in the residents' clinic. Pre-intervention rates of quality measure adherence were compared between the IM teaching clinic (n = 451) and pulmonary fellows' clinic (n = 177). Patient encounters in the residents' teaching clinic after quality improvement intervention (n = 119) were reviewed and compared with pre-intervention data. Prior to intervention, fellows were significantly more likely to offer smoking cessation counseling (p = 0.024) and document spirometry showing airway obstruction (p < 0.001). Smoking cessation counseling, pneumococcal vaccination, and diagnosis of COPD by spirometry were targets for QI. A single-cycle, resident-led QI project was initiated. After, residents numerically improved in the utilization of spirometry (66.5% vs. 74.8%) and smoking cessation counseling (81.8% vs. 86.6%), and significantly improved rates of pneumococcal vaccination (p = 0.024). One cycle of resident-led QI significantly improved the rates of pneumococcal vaccination, with numerical improvement in other areas of COPD care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Burkes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Takudzwa Mkorombindo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Udit Chaddha
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Alok Bhatt
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Karim El-Kersh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders Medicine Offices, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Rodrigo Cavallazzi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Disorders, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson Street, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders Medicine Offices, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Nancy Kubiak
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Palliative Care, and Medical Education, 550 S. Jackson Street, General Internal Medicine and Palliative Care Offices, ACB 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Johnson KM, Fiordellisi W, Kuperman E, Wickersham A, Kuehn C, Kamath A, Szot J, Suneja M. X + Y = Time for QI: Meaningful Engagement of Residents in Quality Improvement During the Ambulatory Block. J Grad Med Educ 2018; 10:316-324. [PMID: 29946390 PMCID: PMC6008036 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-17-00761.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meaningful resident engagement in quality improvement (QI) remains challenging. Barriers include a lack of time and of faculty with QI expertise. We leveraged our internal medicine (IM) residency program's adoption of an "X" (inpatient rotations) plus "Y" (ambulatory block) schedule to implement a QI curriculum for all residents during their ambulatory block. OBJECTIVE We sought to engage residents in interprofessional QI, improve residents' QI confidence and knowledge and application to practice, and create opportunities for QI scholarship. METHODS In July 2015, the program provided dedicated time for QI in the ambulatory block. All categorical IM residents and 11 voluntary faculty mentors were divided into 10 teams based on clinic site and "Y" block schedule. Teams participated in resident-led, interprofessional ambulatory QI projects. Resident QI knowledge and confidence were assessed before the curriculum and 11 months after using the Quality Improvement Knowledge Application Tool-Revised (QIKAT-R) and surveys. QI project implementation and scholarship were tracked. RESULTS All categorical residents (N = 81) participated. Residents reported increased confidence in all QI skills, and they demonstrated increased knowledge, with mean QIKAT-R paired scores improving from 15.8 ± 4.6 to 19.1 ± 5.9 (n = 45 pairs, P < .001). A total of 9 of 10 teams implemented process changes, and 6 team project improvements have been sustained. CONCLUSIONS This ongoing curriculum engaged IM and IM-psychiatry residents in QI during their ambulatory block using volunteer clinic faculty mentors. Residents demonstrated improved QI confidence and knowledge. The majority of resident projects were sustained and generated scholarship.
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Abstract
Developing capacity to do improvement science starts with prioritizing quality improvement training in all health professions curricula so that a common knowledge base and understanding are created. Educational programs should include opportunities for colearning with patients, health professionals, and leaders. In this way, knowledge translation (also called implementation) is more effective and better coordinated when applied across organizations. Key factors that enable and drive behavior change are reviewed, as is the importance of influence and leadership. A comprehensive approach that accounts for these factors hardwires quality improvement into the health care systems and creates a culture that enables its ongoing development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene McGhee
- Anesthesiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Yehoshua Gleicher
- Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai Health Centre, University of Toronto, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
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Pembroke CA, Alfieri J, Biron A, Freeman C, Hijal T. Creation of an educational quality improvement program for radiation oncology residents. Pract Radiat Oncol 2017. [PMID: 29524987 DOI: 10.1016/j.prro.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quality improvement (QI) is a pillar of good clinical governance and is at the center of modern health care. The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada mandated, in CanMeds 2015, that QI should be taught and the competencies assessed in all postgraduate residency programs. The objective is to report on the feasibility and impact of teaching QI to radiation oncology residents at a single institution. METHODS AND MATERIALS A QI team consisting of a clinical fellow, 3 staff physicians, and an expert in QI methods was created within our Department of Radiation Oncology. QI teaching took place in a longitudinal manner, with approximately 12 hours of direct faculty teaching. A mandatory curriculum divided into foundation and intermediate and advanced competencies was devised. Phase 1 teaching, delivered during 2 academic half-days, consisted of didactic lectures, practical workshops, and self-directed online modules. Phase 2 required intermediate-year residents to complete a 9-month QI project. A QI day hosted by the department invited QI experts to teach and enabled residents to present their work, with merit prizes awarded. Our program evaluation used validated assessment tools (self-assessment, QI knowledge-based assessments, and balanced score cards) before and after curriculum implementation and answers quantified using satisfaction indices (SI). RESULTS Subjective and objective assessments demonstrated improvements in residents' QI knowledge acquisition following curriculum implementation. Those who had completed a project (n = 4) had greater confidence with QI methodology compared with those who had completed phase 1 alone (n = 2) (mean SI, 53% precurriculum to 66.5% and 90%). The majority lacked previous QI teaching and knowledge, but learner attitudes improved (SI, 50%-70%) and 91% of colleagues were enthusiastic about the program being implemented. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that implementation of a QI curriculum for radiation oncology residents is feasible and that early results suggesting improvements of attitude and knowledge are positive. We anticipate that the QI skills gained will enable the residents to elevate the quality of their practice throughout their subsequent careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Pembroke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joanne Alfieri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Alain Biron
- Department of Nursing, McGill University Health Centre, School of Nursing, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carolyn Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tarek Hijal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ford EC, Nyflot M, Spraker MB, Kane G, Hendrickson KRG. A patient safety education program in a medical physics residency. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2017; 18:268-274. [PMID: 28895282 PMCID: PMC5689904 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Education in patient safety and quality of care is a requirement for radiation oncology residency programs according to accrediting agencies. However, recent surveys indicate that most programs lack a formal program to support this learning. The aim of this report was to address this gap and share experiences with a structured educational program on quality and safety designed specifically for medical physics therapy residencies. Five key topic areas were identified, drawn from published recommendations on safety and quality. A didactic component was developed, which includes an extensive reading list supported by a series of lectures. This was coupled with practice-based learning which includes one project, for example, failure modes and effect analysis exercise, and also continued participation in the departmental incident learning system including a root-cause analysis exercise. Performance was evaluated through quizzes, presentations, and reports. Over the period of 2014-2016, five medical physics residents successfully completed the program. Evaluations indicated that the residents had a positive experience. In addition to educating physics residents this program may be adapted for medical physics graduate programs or certificate programs, radiation oncology residencies, or as a self-directed educational project for practicing physicists. Future directions might include a system that coordinates between medical training centers such as a resident exchange program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Ford
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Matthew Nyflot
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Matthew B. Spraker
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Gabrielle Kane
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
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Wong BM, Goldman J, Goguen JM, Base C, Rotteau L, Van Melle E, Kuper A, Shojania KG. Faculty-Resident "Co-learning": A Longitudinal Exploration of an Innovative Model for Faculty Development in Quality Improvement. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2017; 92:1151-1159. [PMID: 28746138 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effectiveness of co-learning, wherein faculty and trainees learn together, as a novel approach for building quality improvement (QI) faculty capacity. METHOD From July 2012 through September 2015, the authors conducted 30 semistructured interviews with 23 faculty participants from the Co-Learning QI Curriculum of the Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and collected descriptive data on faculty participation and resident evaluations of teaching effectiveness. Interviewees were from 13 subspecialty residency programs at their institution. RESULTS Of the 56 faculty participants, the Co-Learning QI Curriculum trained 29 faculty mentors, 14 of whom taught formally. Faculty leads with an academic QI role, many of whom had prior QI training, reinforced their QI knowledge while also developing QI mentorship and teaching skills. Co-learning elements that contributed to QI teaching skills development included seeing first how the QI content is taught, learning through project mentorship, building experience longitudinally over time, a graded transition toward independent teaching, and a supportive program lead. Faculty with limited QI experience reported improved QI knowledge, skills, and project facilitation but were ambivalent about assuming a teacher role. Unplanned outcomes for both groups included QI teaching outside of the curriculum, applying QI principles to other work, networking, and strengthening one's QI professional role. CONCLUSIONS The Co-Learning QI Curriculum was effective in improving faculty QI knowledge and skills and increased faculty capacity to teach and mentor QI. Findings suggest that a combination of curriculum and contextual factors were critical to realizing the curriculum's full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Wong
- B. Wong is associate professor, Department of Medicine, and associate director, Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, both at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He is also staff physician, Division of General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.J. Goldman is research education lead, Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.J. Goguen is associate professor, Department of Medicine, and director, Internal Medicine Program, both at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She is also staff physician, Division of Endocrinology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.C. Base is administrative assistant and program administrator, Co-Learning Quality Improvement Curriculum, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.L. Rotteau is program manager, Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, and doctoral candidate, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.E. Van Melle is senior education scientist, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.A. Kuper is associate professor, Department of Medicine, and scientist, Wilson Centre for Research in Education, University Health Network, both at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She is also staff physician, Division of General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.K. Shojania is professor, Department of Medicine, and director, Centre for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, both at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He is also staff physician, Division of General Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Butler JM, Anderson KA, Supiano MA, Weir CR. "It Feels Like a Lot of Extra Work": Resident Attitudes About Quality Improvement and Implications for an Effective Learning Health Care System. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2017; 92:984-990. [PMID: 28657555 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000001474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The learning health care system promotes development and application of evidence generated within the health care system to enhance the quality of patient care. The purpose of this study was to understand resident attitudes about quality improvement (QI) in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-approved programs. METHOD Four focus groups were conducted with 45 residents at the University of Utah School of Medicine during September and October 2014. Residents discussed the perceived value of QI and their experiences with QI. Qualitative analysis was conducted iteratively, resulting in a set of constructs that were then consolidated into overarching themes. RESULTS Five themes emerged from the qualitative analysis. Four of these represented QI participation barriers: challenges with understanding the vision of QI, confusion about basic aspects of QI, a sense that resident contributions to QI are not valued/valuable to the QI process, and challenges with prioritizing responsibilities relating to QI compared with other responsibilities. One theme represented a facilitator of successful QI: factors that make QI work successfully (e.g., clear goals and a sense of being on the "same page"). CONCLUSIONS If resident attitudes about QI do not improve, the culture of the learning health care system is threatened. An important step in enhancing the perceived value of QI is resolving the perceived tension between providing excellent patient care and satisfying other goals. Involving residents more effectively in QI may result in improved attitudes and promote development of a better-functioning learning health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorie M Butler
- J.M. Butler is assistant professor, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; associate director of education and evaluation, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; and investigator, Informatics, Decision Enhancement and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS 2.0) Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Center of Innovation (COIN), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.K.A. Anderson is assistant professor, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.M.A. Supiano is professor and chief, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; D. Keith Barnes, M.D. and Dottie Barnes Presidential Endowed Chair in Medicine; and director, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.C.R. Weir is professor, Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, and associate director, Informatics, Decision Enhancement and Analytic Sciences (IDEAS 2.0) Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Center of Innovation (COIN), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Radiology Research in Quality and Safety: Current Trends and Future Needs. Acad Radiol 2017; 24:263-272. [PMID: 28193376 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Promoting quality and safety research is now essential for radiology as reimbursement is increasingly tied to measures of quality, patient safety, efficiency, and appropriateness of imaging. This article provides an overview of key features necessary to promote successful quality improvement efforts in radiology. Emphasis is given to current trends and future opportunities for directing research. Establishing and maintaining a culture of safety is paramount to organizations wishing to improve patient care. The correct culture must be in place to support quality initiatives and create accountability for patient care. Focused educational curricula are necessary to teach quality and safety-related skills and behaviors to trainees, staff members, and physicians. The increasingly complex healthcare landscape requires that organizations build effective data infrastructures to support quality and safety research. Incident reporting systems designed specifically for medical imaging will benefit quality improvement initiatives by identifying and learning from system errors, enhancing knowledge about safety, and creating safer systems through the implementation of standardized practices and standards. Finally, validated performance measures must be developed to accurately reflect the value of the care we provide for our patients and referring providers. Common metrics used in radiology are reviewed with focus on current and future opportunities for investigation.
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Barrett DJ, McGuinness GA, Cunha CA, Emans SJ, Gerson WT, Hazinski MF, Lister G, Murray KF, St Geme JW, Whitley-Williams PN. Pediatric Hospital Medicine: A Proposed New Subspecialty. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-1823. [PMID: 28246349 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, hospitalists have emerged as a distinct group of pediatric practitioners. In August of 2014, the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) received a petition to consider recommending that pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) be recognized as a distinct new subspecialty. PHM as a formal subspecialty raises important considerations related to: (1) quality, cost, and access to pediatric health care; (2) current pediatric residency training; (3) the evolving body of knowledge in pediatrics; and (4) the impact on both primary care generalists and existing subspecialists. After a comprehensive and iterative review process, the ABP recommended that the American Board of Medical Specialties approve PHM as a new subspecialty. This article describes the broad array of challenges and certain unique opportunities that were considered by the ABP in supporting PHM as a new pediatric subspecialty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Barrett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida;
| | | | | | - S Jean Emans
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mary F Hazinski
- School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - George Lister
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Karen F Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph W St Geme
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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Eid A, Quinn D. Factors predicting training transfer in health professionals participating in quality improvement educational interventions. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2017; 17:26. [PMID: 28143568 PMCID: PMC5282779 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-017-0866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictors of quality improvement (QI) training transfer are needed. This study aimed to identify these predictors among health professionals who participated in a QI training program held at a large hospital in the United States between 2005 and 2014. It also aimed to determine how these predictive factors facilitated or impeded QI training transfer. METHODS Following the Success Case Method, we used a screening survey to identify trainees with high and low levels of training transfer. We then conducted semistructured interviews with a sample of the survey respondents to document how training transfer was achieved and how lack of training transfer could be explained. The survey's response rate was 43%, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.89. We then conducted a thematic analysis of the interview transcripts of 16 physicians. RESULTS The analysis revealed 3 categories of factors influencing the transfer of QI training: trainee characteristics, training course, and work environment. Relevant trainee characteristics included attitude toward change, motivation, mental processing skills, interpersonal skills, and the personality characteristics curiosity, humility, conscientiousness, resilience, wisdom, and positivity. The training project, team-based learning, and lectures were identified as relevant aspects of the training course. Work culture, work relationships, and resources were subthemes of the work environment category. CONCLUSIONS We identified several QI training transfer predictors in our cohort of physicians. We hypothesize that some of these predictors may be more relevant to QI training transfer. Our results will help organizational leaders select trainees who are most likely to transfer QI training and to ensure that their work environments are conducive to QI training transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eid
- Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0462, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Doris Quinn
- Consultant in Process Improvement, 7820 Friends Creek Rd, Emmitsburg, MD 21727 USA
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A Resident-led Initiative Improves Screening and Treatment for Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Hip Fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017; 475:264-270. [PMID: 27549989 PMCID: PMC5174045 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-016-5036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hip fractures carry a high risk of morbidity and are associated with low vitamin D levels. Improvements in screening and treating low vitamin D levels may lead to lower fall rates and a lower likelihood of additional fragility fractures. However, patients with low vitamin D levels often remain unassessed and untreated, even after they experience these fractures. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We wished to determine whether a resident-led initiative can improve (1) screening for and (2) treatment of vitamin D deficiency in patients with acute hip fractures. METHODS Our department initiated a housestaff-led, quality improvement project focused on screening and treating vitamin D deficiency in patients with acute hip fractures. Screening encompassed checking serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level during the acute hospitalization, and treating was defined as starting supplementation before discharge when the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was less than 30 ng/mL. To evaluate the efficacy of this program, an administrative database identified 283 patients treated surgically for an acute hip fracture between July 2010 and June 2014. This period included 2 years before program initiation (Year 1, n = 65 patients; Year 2, n = 61 patients), the initial program year (Year 3, n = 66 patients), and the subsequent program year (Year 4, n = 91 patients). Followup was extended to 6 weeks after treatment with 9.2% (26/282) of patients lost to followup. Eight patients were excluded owing to documented intolerance of vitamin D supplementation. There were no differences regarding patient demographics, fracture type, or treatment rendered across these 4 years. The primary endpoints were the proportion of patients screened and treated for vitamin D deficiency. The secondary endpoint was the continuation of vitamin D supplementation at the patient's 6 week followup, according to the patient's medication list at that visit. This analysis included all patients, assuming those lost to followup had not continued supplementation. ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the differences in demographic data and in screening and treating rates. RESULTS Screening for vitamin D deficiency improved after initiation of the resident-led quality improvement program, with screening performed for 31% of patients in Year 1 (20/65; odds ratio [OR], 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26-0.75), 20% of patients in Year 2 (12/61; OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.13-0.46), 46% of patients in Year 3 (30/66; OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.51-1.35), and 88% of patients in Year 4 (80/91; OR, 7.27; 95% CI, 3.87-13.7) (p < 0.001). Vitamin D supplementation was initiated for 33% of patients in Year 1 (21/63; OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.30-0.84), 28% in Year 2 (17/61; OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22-0.68), 50% in Year 3 (32/64; OR,1.00; 95% CI, 0.61-1.63), and 76% in Year 4 (65/86; OR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.89-5.06) (p < 0.001). At early postoperative followup, we saw substantial improvement in the proportion of patients who continued receiving vitamin D supplementation: Year 1, 12% (8/64; OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07-0.30); Year 2, 15% (9/61; OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.09-0.35); Year 3, 26% (16/64; OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.19-0.59); and Year 4, 46% (40/86; OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.57-1.33) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a resident-led quality improvement program resulted in higher rates of screening and treating vitamin D deficiency for patients with acute hip fractures. Housestaff-based initiatives may be an effective way to improve care processes that target improvements in bone health.
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Asch E, Shah SH, Berkowitz S, Mehta S, Eisenberg RL, Jayadevan R, Connolly C, Slanetz PJ. Resident Idea System: A Novel Tool to Engage Trainees in Quality Improvement at the Institutional Level. J Am Coll Radiol 2016; 14:256-261. [PMID: 27815057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Asch
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | | | - Seth Berkowitz
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sahil Mehta
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ronald L Eisenberg
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rashmi Jayadevan
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caitlin Connolly
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priscilla J Slanetz
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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