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Pradella F, Witte P, van Ewijk R. Ramadan during pregnancy and offspring health outcomes over the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2024:dmae026. [PMID: 39178355 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting, such as during Ramadan, is prevalent among pregnant women. However, the association between Ramadan during pregnancy and offspring health along the life course has not been fully established. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Fetal programming research indicates that prenatal exposures, particularly during early pregnancy, can cause long-term structural and physiological changes that adversely affect offspring health. Our objective was to systematically identify and assess the evidence regarding Ramadan during pregnancy. SEARCH METHODS A total of 31 studies were sourced from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and EconLit. Included studies evaluated outcomes in individuals with prenatal Ramadan exposure, compared to unexposed Muslim controls. Main outcomes were birth weight, gestational length, and sex ratio in newborns; height, mortality, and cognition in children; and disabilities, chronic diseases, and human capital accumulation in adults. Each study was evaluated for risk of bias. The overall quality of evidence was appraised using the GRADE system. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for outcomes analyzed in at least three primary studies. OUTCOMES The initial search identified 2933 articles, 1208 duplicates were deleted. There were 31 publications fulfilled the eligibility criteria for the qualitative synthesis; 22 studies were included in meta-analyses. The overall quality of the evidence was low to moderate and differed by study design and outcome. Among newborns, prenatal Ramadan exposure was not associated with birth weight (mean difference (MD) -3 g (95% CI -18 to 11; I2 = 70%) or the likelihood of prematurity (percentage point difference (PPD) 0.19 (95% CI -0.11 to 0.49; I2 = 0%)). The probability that the newborn is male was reduced (PPD -0.14 (95% CI -0.28 to -0.00; I2 = 0%)). This potentially reflects sex-specific mortality rates resulting from adverse in utero circumstances. In childhood, the exposed performed slightly poorer on cognitive tests (MD -3.10% of a standard deviation (95% CI -4.61 to -1.58; I2 = 51%)). Height among the exposed was reduced, and this pattern was already visible at ages below 5 years (height-for-age z-score MD -0.03 (95% CI -0.06 to -0.00; I2 = 76%)). A qualitative literature synthesis revealed that childhood mortality rates were increased in low-income contexts. In adulthood, the prenatally exposed had an increased likelihood of hearing disabilities (odds ratio 1.26 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.45; I2 = 32%)), while sight was not affected. Other impaired outcomes included chronic diseases or their symptoms, and indicators of human capital accumulation such as home ownership (qualitative literature synthesis). The first trimester emerged as a sensitive period for long-term impacts. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Despite the need for more high-quality studies to improve the certainty of the evidence, the synthesis of existing research demonstrates that Ramadan during pregnancy is associated with adverse offspring health effects in childhood and especially adulthood, despite an absence of observable effects at birth. Not all health effects may apply to all Muslim communities, which are diverse in backgrounds and behaviors. Notably, moderating factors like daytime activity levels and dietary habits outside fasting hours have hardly been considered. It is imperative for future research to address these aspects. REGISTRATION NUMBER PROSPERO (CRD42022325770).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Pradella
- Chair of Statistics and Econometrics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul Witte
- Chair of Statistics and Econometrics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Reyn van Ewijk
- Chair of Statistics and Econometrics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Sulyok E, Farkas B, Bodis J. Pathomechanisms of Prenatally Programmed Adult Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1354. [PMID: 37507894 PMCID: PMC10376205 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on epidemiological observations Barker et al. put forward the hypothesis/concept that an adverse intrauterine environment (involving an insufficient nutrient supply, chronic hypoxia, stress, and toxic substances) is an important risk factor for the development of chronic diseases later in life. The fetus responds to the unfavorable environment with adaptive reactions, which ensure survival in the short run, but at the expense of initiating pathological processes leading to adult diseases. In this review, the major mechanisms (including telomere dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, and cardiovascular-renal-endocrine-metabolic reactions) will be outlined, with a particular emphasis on the role of oxidative stress in the fetal origin of adult diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Sulyok
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balint Farkas
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Bodis
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Lalonde C, Sreetharan S, Murray A, Stoa L, Cybulski ME, Kennedy A, Landry N, Stillar A, Khurana S, Tharmalingam S, Wilson J, Khaper N, Lees SJ, Boreham D, Tai TC. Absence of Depressive and Anxious Behavior with Genetic Dysregulation in Adult C57Bl/6J Mice after Prenatal Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108466. [PMID: 37239811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of ionizing radiation during early gestation often leads to deleterious and even lethal effects; however, few extensive studies have been conducted on late gestational exposures. This research examined the behavior al effects of C57Bl/6J mouse offspring exposed to low dose ionizing gamma irradiation during the equivalent third trimester. Pregnant dams were randomly assigned to sham or exposed groups to either low dose or sublethal dose radiation (50, 300, or 1000 mGy) at gestational day 15. Adult offspring underwent a behavioral and genetic analysis after being raised under normal murine housing conditions. Our results indicate very little change in the behavioral tasks measuring general anxiety, social anxiety, and stress-management in animals exposed prenatally across the low dose radiation conditions. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions were conducted on the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of each animal; results indicate some dysregulation in markers of DNA damage, synaptic activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, and methylation pathways in the offspring. Together, our results provide evidence in the C57Bl/6J strain, that exposure to sublethal dose radiation (<1000 mGy) during the last period of gestation leads to no observable changes in behaviour when assessed as adults, although some changes in gene expression were observed for specific brain regions. These results indicate that the level of oxidative stress occurring during late gestation for this mouse strain is not sufficient for a change in the assessed behavioral phenotype, but results in some modest dysregulation of the genetic profile of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lalonde
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Shayenthiran Sreetharan
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Alyssa Murray
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Lisa Stoa
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | | | - Allison Kennedy
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Landry
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B8L7, Canada
| | - Amy Stillar
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B8L7, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Joanna Wilson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4L8, Canada
| | - Neelam Khaper
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Simon J Lees
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - Douglas Boreham
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
| | - T C Tai
- Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, Sudbury, ON P3E2C6, Canada
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Saldiva SRDM, De Arruda Neta ADCP, Teixeira JA, Peres SV, Marchioni DML, Carvalho MA, Vieira SE, Francisco RPV. Dietary Pattern Influences Gestational Weight Gain: Results from the ProcriAr Cohort Study-São Paulo, Brazil. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204428. [PMID: 36297111 PMCID: PMC9607592 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) influence maternal and infant outcomes. This study identified patterns of habitual dietary intake in 385 pregnant women in São Paulo and explored their associations with excessive weight gain (EGWG). Weight at the first visit (<14 weeks) was used as a proxy for pre-pregnancy weight. Food consumption was assessed using the 24HR method, administered twice at each gestational trimester, and dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. Three dietary patterns were identified: “Vegetables and Fruits,” “Western,” and “Brazilian Traditional.” Descriptive data analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequencies for each independent variable and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to analyze excessive gestational gain weight (EGWG) and dietary patterns (DP). The Brazilian Traditional dietary pattern showed a protective effect on EGWG (p = 0.04) and age > 35 years (p = 0.03), while subjects overweight at baseline had a higher probability of EGWG (p = 0.02), suggesting that the identification of dietary and weight inadequacies should be observed from the beginning of pregnancy, accompanied by nutritional intervention and weight monitoring throughout the gestational period to reduce risks to the mother and child’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Regina Dias Medici Saldiva
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-112661-3185
| | | | - Juliana Araujo Teixeira
- Brazilian Center for Early Child Development, Insper Learning Institution, São Paulo 04546-042, Brazil
| | - Stela Verzinhasse Peres
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Azevedo Carvalho
- Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Sandra Elisabete Vieira
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
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Chavira-Suárez E, Reyes-Castro LA, López-Tenorio II, Vargas-Hernández L, Rodríguez-González GL, Chavira R, Zárate-Segura P, Domínguez-López A, Vadillo-Ortega F, Zambrano E. Sex-differential RXRα gene methylation effects on mRNA and protein expression in umbilical cord of the offspring rat exposed to maternal obesity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:892315. [PMID: 36072345 PMCID: PMC9442673 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.892315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) induces negative consequences in the offspring development. Adiposity phenotype is associated with maternal diet at early pregnancy and DNA methylation marks in the RXRα promotor at birth. Glucocorticoids play an important role in the regulation of metabolism through the activation of nuclear hormone receptors such as the RXRα protein. The aim of the study was to analyze steroid hormone changes at the end of pregnancy in the obese mother and RXRα gene methylation in the umbilical cord. For this purpose, in a well-established MO model, female Wistar rats were fed either standard chow (controls: C) or high-fat obesogenic diet (MO) before and during pregnancy to evaluate at 19 days of gestation (19 dG): 1) maternal concentration of circulating steroid hormones in MO and C groups, 2) maternal and fetal weights, 3) analysis of correlation between hormones concentration and maternal and fetal weights, 4) DNA methylation status of a single locus of RXRα gene near the early growth response (EGR-1) protein DNA binding site, and 5) RXRα mRNA and protein expressions in umbilical cords. Our results demonstrate that at 19 dG, MO body weight before and during pregnancy was higher than C; MO progesterone and corticosterone serum concentrations were higher and estradiol lower than C. There were not differences in fetal weight between male and female per group, therefore averaged data was used; MO fetal weight was lower than C. Positive correlations were found between progesterone and corticosterone with maternal weight, and estradiol with fetal weight, while negative correlation was observed between corticosterone and fetal weight. Additionally, male umbilical cords from MO were hypermethylated in RXRα gene compared to male C group, without differences in the female groups; mRNA and protein expression of RXRα were decreased in F1 male but not in female MO compared to C. In conclusion, MO results in dysregulation of circulating steroid hormones of the obese mothers and low fetal weight in the F1, modifying DNA methylation of RXRα gene as well as RXRα mRNA and protein expression in the umbilical cord in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Chavira-Suárez
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, México
| | - Luis Antonio Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Itzel Ivonn López-Tenorio
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Lilia Vargas-Hernández
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de Ginecología y Obstetricia No. 4 Luis Castelazo Ayala, Mexico City, México
| | - Guadalupe L. Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Roberto Chavira
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Paola Zárate-Segura
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación Científica de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, México
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
- *Correspondence: Elena Zambrano,
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Aji AS, Lipoeto NI, Yusrawati Y, Malik SG, Kusmayanti NA, Susanto I, Majidah NM, Nurunniyah S, Alfiana RD, Wahyuningsih W, Vimaleswaran KS. Association between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes: a cohort study in Indonesian pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:492. [PMID: 35705902 PMCID: PMC9202216 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-pregnancy BMI (PP BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are prominent anthropometric indicators for maternal nutritional status and are related to an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting total GWG, PP BMI and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods This observational analysis was conducted among healthy women in the Vitamin D Pregnant Mother (VDPM) cohort study. A total of 195 pregnant women and their newborn babies were enrolled, and information regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric history, dietary intake and anthropometric data were assessed through direct interviews. Furthermore, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009 guidelines were used to obtain the total GWG. Results PP BMI was used to categorise the 195 pregnant women as overweight/obese (43.1%), normal (46.7%) and underweight (10.2%). There were 53.3%, 34.4% and 12.3% of women who had inadequate, adequate and excessive GWG, respectively. The multinomial logistic regression model indicated that overweight or obese women at the pre-pregnancy stage were 4.09 times more likely to have an excessive rate of GWG (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 1.38–12.12, p = 0.011) than those whose weight was normal. Furthermore, women with excessive GWG were 27.11 times more likely to have a baby with macrosomia (AOR = 27.11, 95% CI: 2.99–245.14) (p = 0.001) and those with inadequate GWG were 9.6 times more likely to give birth to a baby with low birth weight (LBW) (AOR = 9.60, 95% CI; 0.88–105.2) (p = 0.002). Conclusions This study demonstrates that the malnutrition status prior to pregnancy and inadequate or excessive GWG status during pregnancy as significant risk factors for developing adverse pregnancy outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of providing information, preconception counselling and health education on weight management for healthy pregnancies. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04815-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Sabta Aji
- Graduate School of Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia. .,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia. .,Alma Ata Graduate School of Public Health, Alma Ata University, Jl Brawijaya 99, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, 552813, Indonesia.
| | - Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, 25127, Indonesia
| | - Yusrawati Yusrawati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, 25127, Indonesia
| | - Safarina G Malik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | | | - Isman Susanto
- Graduate School of Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Nur Mukhlishoh Majidah
- Graduate School of Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nurunniyah
- Graduate School of Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia.,Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Devi Alfiana
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih
- Graduate School of Public Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Karani S Vimaleswaran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,The Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Murray A, Tharmalingam S, Khurana S, Lalonde C, Nguyen P, Tai TC. Effect of Prenatal Glucocorticoid Exposure on Circadian Rhythm Gene Expression in the Brains of Adult Rat Offspring. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101613. [PMID: 35626652 PMCID: PMC9139626 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks control many vital aspects of physiology from the sleep-wake cycle to metabolism. The circadian clock operates through transcriptional-translational feedback loops. The normal circadian signaling relies on a ‘master clock’, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which synchronizes peripheral oscillators. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling has the ability to reset the phase of peripheral clocks. It has been shown that maternal exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs) can lead to modification of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function, impact stress-related behaviors, and result in a hypertensive state via GR activation. We previously demonstrated altered circadian rhythm signaling in the adrenal glands of offspring exposed to the synthetic GC, dexamethasone (Dex). Results from the current study show that prenatal exposure to Dex affects circadian rhythm gene expression in a brain region-specific and a sex-specific manner within molecular oscillators of the amygdala, hippocampus, paraventricular nucleus, and prefrontal cortex, as well as the main oscillator in the SCN. Results also show that spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exhibited dysregulated circadian rhythm gene expression in these same brain regions compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), although the pattern of dysregulation was markedly different from that seen in adult offspring prenatally exposed to GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Murray
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Christine Lalonde
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Phong Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - T. C. Tai
- Medical Sciences Division, NOSM University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (A.M.); (S.T.); (S.K.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-705-662-7239
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Maternal and neonatal one-carbon metabolites and the epigenome-wide infant response. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 101:108938. [PMID: 35017001 PMCID: PMC8847320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maternal prenatal status, as encapsulated by that to which a mother is exposed through diet and environment, is a key determinant of offspring health and disease. Alterations in DNA methylation (DNAm) may be a mechanism through which suboptimal prenatal conditions confer disease risk later in life. One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is critical to both fetal development and in supplying methyl donors needed for DNAm. Plasma concentrations of one-carbon metabolites across maternal first trimester (M1), maternal term (M3), and infant cord blood (CB) at birth were tested for association with DNAm patterns in CB from the Michigan Mother and Infant Pairs (MMIP) pregnancy cohort. The Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip was used to quantitatively evaluate DNAm across the epigenome. Global and single-site DNAm and metabolite models were adjusted for infant sex, estimated cell type proportions, and batch as covariates. Change in mean metabolite concentration across pregnancy (M1 to M3) was significantly different for S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), betaine, and choline. Both M1 SAH and CB SAH were significantly associated with the global distribution of DNAm in CB, with indications of a shift toward less methylation. M3 SAH and CB SAH also displayed significant associations with locus-specific DNAm in infant CB (FDR<0.05). Our findings underscore the role of maternal one-carbon metabolites in shifting the global DNAm pattern in CB and emphasizes the need to closely evaluate how dietary status influences cellular methylation potential and ultimately offspring health.
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Vidal-Ribas P, Govender T, Sundaram R, Perlis RH, Gilman SE. Prenatal origins of suicide mortality: A prospective cohort study in the United States. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:14. [PMID: 35013255 PMCID: PMC8748551 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Most suicide research focuses on acute precipitants and is conducted in high-risk populations. Yet, vulnerability to suicide is likely established years prior to its occurrence. In this study, we aimed to investigate the risk of suicide mortality conferred by prenatal sociodemographic and pregnancy-related factors. Offspring of participants (N = 49,853) of the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a U.S. population-based cohort of pregnancies enrolled between 1959 and 1966, were linked to the U.S. National Death Index to determine their vital status by the end 2016. We examined associations between sociodemographic factors during pregnancy, pregnancy complications, labor and delivery complications, and neonatal complications with suicide death coded according to ICD-9/10 criteria. By the end of 2016, 3,555 participants had died. Of these, 288 (214 males, 74 females) died by suicide (incidence rate = 15.6 per 100,000 person-years, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 13.9-17.5). In adjusted models, male sex (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 2.98, CI: 2.26-3.93), White race (HR = 2.14, CI = 1.63-2.83), low parental education (HR = 2.23, CI = 1.38-3.62), manual parental occupation (HR = 1.38, CI = 1.05-1.82), being a younger sibling (HR = 1.52, CI = 1.10-2.11), higher rates of pregnancy complications (HR = 2.36, CI = 1.08-5.16), and smoking during pregnancy (HR = 1,28, CI = 0.99-1.66) were independently associated with suicide risk, whereas birth and neonatal complications were not. Consistent with the developmental origins of psychiatric disorders, vulnerability to suicide mortality is established early in development. Both sociodemographic and pregnancy factors play a role in this risk, which underscores the importance of considering life course approaches to suicide prevention, possibly including provision of high-quality prenatal care, and alleviating the socioeconomic burdens of mothers and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vidal-Ribas
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Theemeshni Govender
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rajeshwari Sundaram
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen E Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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11
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Untargeted metabolomics reveals sex-specific differences in lipid metabolism of adult rats exposed to dexamethasone in utero. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20342. [PMID: 34645877 PMCID: PMC8514544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress through glucocorticoid (GC) exposure leads to an increased risk of developing diseases such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and hypertension in adulthood. We have previously shown that administration of the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (Dex), to pregnant Wistar-Kyoto dams produces offspring with elevated blood pressures and disrupted circadian rhythm signaling. Given the link between stress, circadian rhythms and metabolism, we performed an untargeted metabolomic screen on the livers of offspring to assess potential changes induced by prenatal Dex exposure. This metabolomic analysis highlighted 18 significantly dysregulated metabolites in females and 12 in males. Pathway analysis using MetaboAnalyst 4.0 highlighted key pathway-level metabolic differences: glycerophospholipid metabolism, purine metabolism and glutathione metabolism. Gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of several lipid metabolism genes in females while males showed no dysregulation. Triglyceride concentrations were also found to be significantly elevated in female offspring exposed to Dex in utero, which may contribute to lipid metabolism activation. This study is the first to conduct an untargeted metabolic profile of liver from GC exposed offspring. Corroborating metabolic, gene expression and lipid profiling results demonstrates significant sex-specific lipid metabolic differences underlying the programming of hepatic metabolism.
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12
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Endometriosis and Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040667. [PMID: 33572322 PMCID: PMC7916165 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the evidence for the association between endometriosis and adverse pregnancy outcome, including gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, low birth weight, and small for gestational age, preterm birth, placenta previa, placental abruption, cesarean section, stillbirth, postpartum hemorrhage, spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy, and spontaneous bowel perforation in pregnancy. Methods: We performed the literature review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), by searches in PubMed and EMBASE, until 1 November 2020 (PROSPERO ID CRD42020213999). We included peer-reviewed observational cohort studies and case-control studies and scored them according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale, to assess the risk of bias and confounding. Results: 39 studies were included. Women with endometriosis had an increased risk of gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, placenta previa, placental abruption, cesarean section, and stillbirth, compared to women without endometriosis. These results remained unchanged in sub-analyses, including studies on spontaneous pregnancies only. Spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy and bowel perforation seemed to be associated with endometriosis; however, the studies were few and did not meet the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: The literature shows that endometriosis is associated with an increased risk of gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, placenta previa, placental abruption, cesarean section, and stillbirth.
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13
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Worsham W, Dalton S, Bilder DA. The Prenatal Hormone Milieu in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:655438. [PMID: 34276434 PMCID: PMC8280339 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.655438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Though the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains largely unknown, recent findings suggest that hormone dysregulation within the prenatal environment, in conjunction with genetic factors, may alter fetal neurodevelopment. Early emphasis has been placed on the potential role of in utero exposure to androgens, particularly testosterone, to theorize ASD as the manifestation of an "extreme male brain." The relationship between autism risk and obstetric conditions associated with inflammation and steroid dysregulation merits a much broader understanding of the in utero steroid environment and its potential influence on fetal neuroendocrine development. The exploration of hormone dysregulation in the prenatal environment and ASD development builds upon prior research publishing associations with obstetric conditions and ASD risk. The insight gained may be applied to the development of chronic adult metabolic diseases that share prenatal risk factors with ASD. Future research directions will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Worsham
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Susan Dalton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Deborah A Bilder
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Prenatal Stress Impairs Spinal Cord Oligodendrocyte Maturation via BDNF Signaling in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1225-1240. [PMID: 33259004 PMCID: PMC8942968 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most substantial and established environmental risk factors for neurological and psychiatric disorders is stress exposure, whose detrimental consequences hinge on several variables including time. In this regard the gestational period is known to present an intrinsic vulnerability to environmental insults and thus stressful events during pregnancy can lead to severe consequences on the offspring's brain development with long-term repercussions throughout adulthood. On this basis, we investigated the long-lasting impact of prenatal stress exposure on the susceptibility to the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-established murine model of multiple sclerosis. Although stress is considered a triggering factor for this chronic, progressive, autoimmune disease, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. To this end, EAE was induced by immunization with MOG35-55/CFA and pertussis toxin administration in adult female C57BL/6 mice born from control or stressed dams exposed to restraint stress during the last days of gestation. Our results demonstrate that gestational stress induces a marked increase in the severity of EAE symptoms in adulthood. Further, we highlight an altered maturation of oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of prenatally stressed EAE mice, as indicated by the higher levels of GPR17, a marker of immature oligodendrocyte precursor cells. These behavioral and molecular alterations are paralleled by changes in the expression and signaling of the neurotrophin BDNF, an important mediator of neural plasticity that may contribute to stress-induced impaired remyelination. Since several already marketed drugs are able to modulate BDNF levels, these results pave the way to the possibility of repositioning these drugs in multiple sclerosis.
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15
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de Souza Mesquita LM, Mennitti LV, de Rosso VV, Pisani LP. The role of vitamin A and its pro-vitamin carotenoids in fetal and neonatal programming: gaps in knowledge and metabolic pathways. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:76-87. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA) and its pro-vitamin carotenoids are naturally occurring lipophilic compounds involved in several cellular processes and metabolic pathways. Despite their broad spectrum of activities in the general population, dietary deficiencies of these compounds can potentially affect pregnancy outcomes. Since maternal nutritional status and diet composition during pregnancy and lactation can have long-lasting effects in offspring until adulthood, this study presents an overview of VA and the role of pro-VA carotenoids during pregnancy and lactation – the nutrition, metabolism, and biological effects in the offspring. The review aimed to discuss the pro-VA carotenoids and VA-associated pathways and summarize the results with reference to gestational disorders, and VA and pro-VA carotenoids as preventive agents. Also, considering that obesity, overweight, and metabolic diseases are major public health concerns worldwide, fetal and neonatal development is discussed, highlighting the physiological role of these molecules in obesity prevention. This review comprehensively summarizes the current data and shows the potential impact of these compounds on nutritional status in pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita
- Departamento de Biociências, Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís V Mennitti
- Departamento de Biociências, Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veridiana V de Rosso
- Departamento de Biociências, Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Laboratório de Nutrição e Fisiologia Endócrina (LaNFE), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Vila Mathias, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Litvak J, Parekh N, Deierlein A. Prenatal dietary exposures and offspring body size from 6 months to 18 years: A systematic review. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2020; 34:171-189. [PMID: 32011754 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In utero dietary exposures may influence childhood obesity. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between prenatal dietary exposures and offspring body size from 6 months to 18 years. DATA SOURCES Articles were identified in PubMed and Web of Science (January 2010-March 2018) using the PRISMA guidelines. Additional studies were identified through a reference review of articles that met the inclusion criteria and related reviews. STUDY SELECTION Prospective cohort studies that assessed dietary patterns, foods, macronutrients, or beverages during healthy pregnancy and offspring body size. The extraction of articles was done using predefined data fields. SYNTHESIS One author extracted all information and evaluated bias with the NHLBI's Quality Assessment Tool. RESULTS A total of 851 research articles were evaluated. Twenty-one studies assessing dietary patterns, macronutrients, foods, and beverages met inclusion criteria. Consumption of a Mediterranean dietary pattern during pregnancy was associated with reduced body size, while refined carbohydrates were associated with offspring obesity. No association was observed between data-driven dietary patterns and offspring body size, as well as a pro-inflammatory diet pattern and offspring body size. Mixed and null findings were observed for the relationship between total carbohydrates, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein, sugar-sweetened beverages, and artificially sweetened beverages and offspring body size. CONCLUSIONS Adhering to a Mediterranean diet and limiting refined carbohydrates during pregnancy may influence offspring body size between 6 months and 18 years. The diverging results that exist between studies highlight the complexity of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niyati Parekh
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Deierlein
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Pereda J, Bove I, Pineyro MM. Excessive Maternal Weight and Diabetes Are Risk Factors for Macrosomia: A Cross-Sectional Study of 42,663 Pregnancies in Uruguay. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:588443. [PMID: 33224106 PMCID: PMC7669744 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.588443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of macrosomia in newborns from women with gestational diabetes, pregestational diabetes, overweight, and obesity in Uruguay in 2012, as well as its association with prolonged pregnancy, maternal age, multiparity, and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG). METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of 42,663 pregnant women. The risk of macrosomia was studied using logistic regression. RESULTS Mean maternal age was 26.7 ± 6.8 years. Pregestational overweight and obesity was present in 20.9% and 10.7% of women, respectively. There were 28.1% and 19.8% of women overweight and obese at the end of the pregnancy, respectively. Furthermore, 0.5% had pregestational diabetes and 8.5% were multiparous. Twenty two percent developed gestational diabetes and 44.9% had EGWG. The prevalence of macrosomia was 7.9%, significantly more prevalent in males (10.0% vs. 5.5%, p<0.005). Univariate analysis showed that obesity and overweight pre-pregnancy, obesity and overweight at the end of pregnancy, EGWG, pregestational diabetes, gestational diabetes, multiparity, prolonged pregnancy, and male newborn were strongly associated with macrosomia (p<0.0001). Maternal age >35 years did not increase the risk of macrosomia. After multiple logistic regression macrosomia was more likely in pre-gestational obese women (OR 1.24; CI 1.07-1.44), overweight women at the end of pregnancy (OR 1.66; CI 1.46-1.87), obese women at the end of pregnancy (OR 2.21; CI 1.90-2.58), women with EGWG (OR 1.78; CI 1.59-1.98), pregestational diabetes (OR 1.75; CI 1.15-2.69), gestational diabetes (OR 1.39; CI 1.25-1.53), prolonged pregnancy (OR 2.67; CI 2.28-3.12), multiparity (OR 1.24; CI 1.04-1.48), and male newborn (OR 1.89; CI 1.72-2.08). CONCLUSION Maternal overweight, obesity, EGWG, and gestational diabetes are prevalent in Uruguay, increasing the risk of macrosomia. Efforts to implement strategies to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age are essential to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Pereda
- Clinica de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Isabel Bove
- Departamento de Ciencias Cognitivas y de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maria M. Pineyro
- Clinica de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Maria M. Pineyro, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-7839
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18
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Zilversmit Pao L, Harville EW, Wickliffe JK, Shankar A, Buekens P. The Cumulative Risk of Chemical and Nonchemical Exposures on Birth Outcomes in Healthy Women: The Fetal Growth Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3700. [PMID: 31581440 PMCID: PMC6801557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metals, stress, and sociodemographics are commonly studied separately for their effects on birth outcomes, yet often jointly contribute to adverse outcomes. This study analyzes two methods for measuring cumulative risk to understand how maternal chemical and nonchemical stressors may contribute to small for gestational age (SGA). SGA was calculated using sex-specific fetal growth curves for infants of pregnant mothers (n = 2562) enrolled in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Study. The exposures (maternal lead, mercury, cadmium, Cohen's perceived stress, Edinburgh depression scores, race/ethnicity, income, and education) were grouped into three domains: metals, psychosocial stress, and sociodemographics. In Method 1 we created cumulative risk scores using tertiles. Method 2 employed weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. For each method, logistic models were built with three exposure domains individually and race/ethnicity, adjusting for age, parity, pregnancy weight gain, and marital status. The adjusted effect of overall cumulative risk with three domains, was also modeled using each method. Sociodemographics was the only exposure associated with SGA in unadjusted models ((odds ratio) OR: 1.35, 95% (confidence interval) CI: 1.08, 1.68). The three cumulative variables in adjusted models were not significant individually, but the overall index was associated with SGA (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.35). In the WQS model, only the sociodemographics domain was significantly associated with SGA. Sociodemographics tended to be the strongest risk factor for SGA in both risk score and WQS models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Zilversmit Pao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Emily W Harville
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Jeffrey K Wickliffe
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Arti Shankar
- Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Pierre Buekens
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Li J, Fu Z, Jiang H, Chen L, Wu X, Ding H, Xia Y, Wang X, Tang Q, Wu W. IGF2-derived miR-483-3p contributes to macrosomia through regulating trophoblast proliferation by targeting RB1CC1. Mol Hum Reprod 2019; 24:444-452. [PMID: 29939354 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gay027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the role of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2)-derived miR-483-3p in macrosomia? SUMMARY ANSWER IGF2-derived intronic miR-483-3p is overexpressed in macrosomia placentas, and miR-483-3p prompts HTR-8/SVneo extravillous trophoblast cell line proliferation through down-regulation of its target RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1 (RB1CC1). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Macrosomia is a common pregnancy-associated disease and causes a number of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The development of macrosomia is reportedly attributable to over proliferation of the placental cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the development of fetal and placenta by regulating their target genes. Here, we investigated the role of IGF2-derived intronic miR-483-3p in macrosomia. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The expression of IGF2, miR-483-3p and its target gene in placental tissues from 30 pregnant women who had macrosomia was compared to those of 30 gestation-matched healthy pregnant controls. For in vitro studies, the human first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo cell was used. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Placenta tissues were collected from pregnant women who had macrosomia without diabetes or other complications (n = 30) and healthy pregnant controls (n = 30). HTR-8/SVneo cells were transfected with specific miRNA mimics or inhibitors. MiRNA and mRNA isolated from placenta tissues or cells were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein was measured by western blot. Cell proliferation was assayed using a colorimetric proliferation assay method. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The putative targets of miR-483-3p were predicted using the TargetScan, miRanda, miRDB and DIANA algorithms. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to measure the relationship of miR-483-3p and RB1CC1. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE IGF2-derived miR-483-3p was overexpressed in macrosomia placentas. miR-483-3p promoted proliferation in HTR-8/SVneo cells and had a positive relationship with its host gene IGF2. Subsequently, RB1CC1 was confirmed as a direct target of miR-483-3p, which may be an important mediator of cell growth regulation for miR-483-3p. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The level of IGF2 and its intronic miR-483-3p in the serum of these participants was not investigated. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying the cause of the increase of IGF2 and miR-483-3p in macrosomia. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS These findings give a new insight into the role of intronic miRNA and its host gene in the development of macrosomia. Furthermore, it may offer a new target for prognostic and therapeutic intervention for macrosomia. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by awards from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81401213, 81673217, 81703260), Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent (No. QNRC2016110), Jiangsu Overseas Visiting Scholar Program for University Prominent Young & Middle-aged Teachers and Presidents, the Priority Academic Program for the Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Public Health and Preventive Medicine), the Education Department of Jiangsu Province (No. 16KJB330010), the Science and Technology Department of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20160227), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (No. 2016M601892). The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziqiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Hongjuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiuqin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Supplementing Genistein for Breeder Hens Alters the Fatty Acid Metabolism and Growth Performance of Offsprings by Epigenetic Modification. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9214209. [PMID: 31049141 PMCID: PMC6458848 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9214209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was designed to clarify the effect and molecular mechanism of maternal genistein (GEN) on the lipid metabolism and developmental growth of offspring chicks. Laying broiler breeder (LBB) hens were supplemented with 40 mg/kg genistein (GEN), while the control group was fed with the low-soybean meal diet. The offspring chicks were grouped according to the mother generation with 8 replicates each. Hepatic transcriptome data revealed 3915 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P adjusted < 0.05, fold change > 1.5 or fold change < 0.67) between chicks in the two groups. Maternal GEN activated the GH-IGF1-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which promoted the developmental processes and cellular amino acid metabolic processes, as well as inhibited the apoptotic process. GEN treatment significantly increased the weight gain, breast muscle percentage, and liver index in chicks. PANTHER clustering analysis suggested that maternal GEN enhanced the antioxidant activity of chicks by the upregulation of gene (SOD3, MT1, and MT4) expression. Accordingly, the activities of T-AOC and T-SOD in the liver were increased after GEN treatment. The overrepresentation tests revealed that maternal GEN influenced the glycolysis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, acyl-coenzyme A metabolism, lipid transport, and cholesterol metabolism in the chick livers. Hepatic cholesterol and long-chain fatty acid were significantly decreased after GEN treatment. However, the level of arachidonic acid was higher in the livers of the GEN-treated group compared with the CON group. Moreover, GEN treatment enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation and upregulated PPARδ expression in the chick liver. ChIP-qPCR analysis indicated that maternal GEN might induce histone H3-K36 trimethylation in the promoter region of PPARδ gene (PPARD) through Iws1, methyltransferases. It also induced histone H4-K12 acetylation at the PPARD promoter through MYST2, which activated the PPAR signaling pathways in the chick livers. In summary, supplementing LBB hens with GEN can alter lipid metabolism in the offspring chicks through epigenetic modification and improve the antioxidative capability as well as growth performance.
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Yogman M, Lavin A, Cohen G, Lemmon KM, Mattson G, Rafferty JR, Wissow LS. The Prenatal Visit. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2018-1218. [PMID: 29941679 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A pediatric prenatal visit during the third trimester is recommended for all expectant families as an important first step in establishing a child's medical home, as recommended by Bright Futures: Guidelines for Health Supervision of Infants, Children, and Adolescents, Fourth Edition As advocates for children and their families, pediatricians can support and guide expectant parents in the prenatal period. Prenatal visits allow general pediatricians to establish a supportive and trusting relationship with both parents, gather basic information from expectant parents, offer information and advice regarding the infant, and may identify psychosocial risks early and high-risk conditions that may require special care. There are several possible formats for this first visit. The one used depends on the experience and preference of the parents, the style of the pediatrician's practice, and pragmatic issues of payment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yogman
- Harvard Medical School and Mount Auburn Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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22
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Bruun MR, Arendt LH, Forman A, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Endometriosis and adenomyosis are associated with increased risk of preterm delivery and a small-for-gestational-age child: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97:1073-1090. [PMID: 29753309 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the risk of preterm delivery and having a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) child in women with endometriosis and adenomyosis compared with women without these two diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Studies on endometriosis or adenomyosis and risk of preterm delivery and/or SGA infant were included. The systematic search was conducted for all published articles in PubMed and Embase published from 1950 to 2017 using specific search terms. After duplicates were removed, two authors independently reviewed all studies, initially based on title and subsequently based on abstract. Studies considered relevant were read in full text by both reviewers to identify if studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The search found 21 studies on a total of 2 517 516 women meeting the inclusion criteria. Women with endometriosis had an increased odds of preterm delivery [odds ratio (OR) 1.47, 95% CI 1.28-1.69] and SGA infant (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04-1.549). Compared with endometriosis, adenomyosis implied an even higher odds of both preterm delivery (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.88-5.09) and SGA infant (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.71-6.09) as well. CONCLUSIONS Women with endometriosis or adenomyosis had a higher odds of preterm delivery and having a child that was SGA compared with women without endometriosis or adenomyosis. The odds of both adverse birth outcomes was highest among women with adenomyosis. The results suggest a closer prenatal monitoring among pregnant women with endometriosis or adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette R Bruun
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Linn H Arendt
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Axel Forman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Cardiac Development and Transcription Factors: Insulin Signalling, Insulin Resistance, and Intrauterine Nutritional Programming of Cardiovascular Disease. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:8547976. [PMID: 29484207 PMCID: PMC5816854 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8547976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Programming with an insult or stimulus during critical developmental life stages shapes metabolic disease through divergent mechanisms. Cardiovascular disease increasingly contributes to global morbidity and mortality, and the heart as an insulin-sensitive organ may become insulin resistant, which manifests as micro- and/or macrovascular complications due to diabetic complications. Cardiogenesis is a sequential process during which the heart develops into a mature organ and is regulated by several cardiac-specific transcription factors. Disrupted cardiac insulin signalling contributes to cardiac insulin resistance. Intrauterine under- or overnutrition alters offspring cardiac structure and function, notably cardiac hypertrophy, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and hypertension that precede the onset of cardiovascular disease. Optimal intrauterine nutrition and oxygen saturation are required for normal cardiac development in offspring and the maintenance of their cardiovascular physiology.
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Kominiarek MA, Peaceman AM. Gestational weight gain. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217:642-651. [PMID: 28549978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal care providers are advised to evaluate maternal weight at each regularly scheduled prenatal visit, monitor progress toward meeting weight gain goals, and provide individualized counseling if significant deviations from a woman's goals occur. Today, nearly 50% of women exceed their weight gain goals with overweight and obese women having the highest prevalence of excessive weight gain. Risks of inadequate weight gain include low birthweight and failure to initiate breast-feeding whereas the risks of excessive weight gain include cesarean deliveries and postpartum weight retention for the mother and large-for-gestational-age infants, macrosomia, and childhood overweight or obesity for the offspring. Prenatal care providers have many resources and tools to incorporate weight and other health behavior counseling into routine prenatal practices. Because many women are motivated to improve health behaviors, pregnancy is often considered the optimal time to intervene for issues related to eating habits and physical activity to prevent excessive weight gain. Gestational weight gain is a potentially modifiable risk factor for a number of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials report that diet or exercise interventions during pregnancy can help reduce excessive weight gain. However, health behavior interventions for gestational weight gain have not significantly improved other maternal and neonatal outcomes and have limited effectiveness in overweight and obese women.
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Lee J, Kim CJ, Kim JS, Lee DC, Ahn S, Yoon BH. Increased miR-223 expression in foetal organs is a signature of acute chorioamnionitis with systemic consequences. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:1179-1189. [PMID: 29083107 PMCID: PMC5783880 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute chorioamnionitis, frequently observed in preterm placentas, is a major risk factor for the development of infection and non-infection-related adverse perinatal outcomes. MicroRNAs play important roles in immune cell development and function as well as in the development of cancers and neurologic diseases. We sought to investigate the changes in microRNA-223 (miR-223) expression and the functional significance of the changes in miR-223 expression in foetal organs in the presence of acute chorioamnionitis. Using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from foetal or neonatal autopsy cases, which are the most practical option to study the changes in several organs simultaneously, miR-223 expression profiles in foetal thymus, lung and liver were compared between cases with and without acute chorioamnionitis. Total RNA was extracted from FFPE specimens and qRT-PCR was conducted. miR-223-3p expression levels in foetal thymus (2.55-fold), lung (1.93-fold) and liver (1.70-fold) were significantly higher in cases with acute chorioamnionitis than in those without. Transfection of pre-miR-223-3p in Jurkat cells and luciferase assay and ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation followed by qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the binding of miR-223 to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) mRNA and the regulation of FoxO1 by miR-223. We report for the first time that foetuses with inflammation in the chorioamniotic membranes show increased expression of miR-223 in the thymus, lung and liver. Furthermore, FoxO1 is a target of miR-223. These findings suggest that post-transcriptional regulation of genes by miR-223 is a component of the foetal inflammatory response, which has systemic consequences in the foetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoonHo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health system, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deug-Chan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University College of Biomedical Science, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sejin Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Kangwon National University College of Biomedical Science, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Bo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Rozo AV, Babu DA, Suen PA, Groff DN, Seeley RJ, Simmons RA, Seale P, Ahima RS, Stoffers DA. Neonatal GLP1R activation limits adult adiposity by durably altering hypothalamic architecture. Mol Metab 2017; 6:748-759. [PMID: 28702330 PMCID: PMC5485307 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adult obesity risk is influenced by alterations to fetal and neonatal environments. Modifying neonatal gut or neurohormone signaling pathways can have negative metabolic consequences in adulthood. Here we characterize the effect of neonatal activation of glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP1R) signaling on adult adiposity and metabolism. METHODS Wild type C57BL/6 mice were injected with 1 nmol/kg Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a GLP1R agonist, for 6 consecutive days after birth. Growth, body composition, serum analysis, energy expenditure, food intake, and brain and fat pad histology and gene expression were assessed at multiple time points through 42 weeks. Similar analyses were conducted in a Glp1r conditional allele crossed with a Sim1Cre deleter strain to produce Sim1Cre;Glp1rloxP/loxP mice and control littermates. RESULTS Neonatal administration of Ex-4 reduced adult body weight and fat mass, increased energy expenditure, and conferred protection from diet-induced obesity in female mice. This was associated with induction of brown adipose genes and increased noradrenergic fiber density in parametrial white adipose tissue (WAT). We further observed durable alterations in orexigenic and anorexigenic projections to the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH). Genetic deletion of Glp1r in the PVH by Sim1-Cre abrogated the impact of neonatal Ex-4 on adult body weight, WAT browning, and hypothalamic architecture. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that the acute activation of GLP1R in neonates durably alters hypothalamic architecture to limit adult weight gain and adiposity, identifying GLP1R as a therapeutic target for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V. Rozo
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Daniella A. Babu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - PoMan A. Suen
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David N. Groff
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Randy J. Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Simmons
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Doris A. Stoffers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Placental ABCA1 Expression Is Increased in Spontaneous Preterm Deliveries Compared with Iatrogenic Preterm Deliveries and Term Deliveries. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28630870 PMCID: PMC5467290 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8248094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Abnormal expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in the placenta can elicit lipid metabolism disorder and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, whether it is associated with preterm delivery remains unclear. Our present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between abnormal expression of ABCA1 or ABCG1 and preterm delivery. Methods Maternal blood and placental tissues from women with spontaneous deliveries (SPD), iatrogenic deliveries (IPD), and term deliveries (TD) were collected. The lipid content and expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 were subsequently measured. Results Compared with IPD and TD groups, the HDL, TD, LDL, and TC levels were lower in the maternal blood but higher (except TC) in the cord blood of the SPD group. The extracellular lipid content in the placentas of the SPD group was also notably lower relative to the IPD and TD groups. Moreover, the protein and mRNA expressions of ABCA1 in the placentas of the SPD group were significantly higher compared with the IPD and TD groups; however, there was no obvious difference among the three groups in the protein and mRNA expressions of ABCG1. Conclusions Abnormal expression of ABCA1 may be associated with the dysregulation of placental lipid metabolism and the occurrence or development of SPD.
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Bender MC, Sifuentes CJ, Denver RJ. Leptin Induces Mitosis and Activates the Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Neurogenic Regions of Xenopus Tadpole Brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:99. [PMID: 28533765 PMCID: PMC5421298 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its well-known role as an adipostat in adult mammals, leptin has diverse physiological and developmental actions in vertebrates. Leptin has been shown to promote development of hypothalamic circuits and to induce mitosis in different brain areas of mammals. We investigated the ontogeny of leptin mRNA, leptin actions on cell proliferation in the brain, and gene expression in the preoptic area/hypothalamus of tadpoles of Xenopus laevis. The level of leptin mRNA was low in premetamorphic tadpoles, but increased strongly at the beginning of metamorphosis and peaked at metamorphic climax. This increase in leptin mRNA at the onset of metamorphosis correlated with increased cell proliferation in the neurogenic zones of tadpole brain. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of recombinant Xenopus leptin (rxLeptin) in premetamorphic tadpoles strongly increased cell proliferation in neurogenic zones throughout the tadpole brain. We conducted gene expression profiling of genes induced at 2 h following i.c.v. injection of rxLeptin. This analysis identified 2,322 genes induced and 1,493 genes repressed by rxLeptin. The most enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes term was the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Using electroporation-mediated gene transfer into tadpole brain of a reporter vector responsive to the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, we found that i.c.v. rxLeptin injection activated Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity. Our findings show that leptin acts on the premetamorphic tadpole brain to induce cell proliferation, possibly acting via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Cui Bender
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J. Sifuentes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert J. Denver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Garnæs KK, Nyrnes SA, Salvesen KÅ, Salvesen Ø, Mørkved S, Moholdt T. Effect of supervised exercise training during pregnancy on neonatal and maternal outcomes among overweight and obese women. Secondary analyses of the ETIP trial: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173937. [PMID: 28323893 PMCID: PMC5360254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal obesity associates with complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Our aim was to investigate if exercise during pregnancy in overweight/obese women could influence birth weight or other neonatal and maternal outcomes at delivery. Material and methods This is a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial of exercise training in pregnancy for women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 28 kg/m2. Ninety-one women (31.3 ± 4.3 years, BMI 34.5 ± 4.2 kg/m2) were allocated 1:1 to supervised exercise during pregnancy or to standard care. The exercise group was offered three weekly training sessions consisting of 35 minutes of moderate intensity walking/running followed by 25 minutes of strength training. Data from 74 women (exercise 38, control 36) were analysed at delivery. Results Birth weight was 3719 ± 695 g in the exercise group and 3912 ± 413 g in the control group (CI -460.96, 74.89, p = 0.16). Birth weight > 4000 g was 35% in the exercise group and 52% in the control group (p = 0.16). Mean gestational age at delivery was 39.1 weeks in the exercise group and 39.5 weeks in the control group (CI -1.33, 0.43, p = 0.31). No significant between-group differences were found in neonatal body size, skinfold thickness, placental weight ratio, or Apgar score. The prevalence of caesarean section was 24% in the exercise group and 17% in the control group (CI 0.20, 2.05, p = 0.57). Mean length of hospital stay was 4.8 days in the exercise group and 4.5 days in the control group (CI -0.45, 1.00, p = 0.45). Conclusions Offering supervised exercise during pregnancy for overweight and obese women did not influence birth weight or other neonatal and maternal outcomes at delivery. However our trial was limited by low sample size and poor adherence to the exercise protocol, and further research is needed. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01243554
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsti Krohn Garnæs
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siri Ann Nyrnes
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Paediatrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjell Åsmund Salvesen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Salvesen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siv Mørkved
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinical Service, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Garthus-Niegel S, Ayers S, Martini J, von Soest T, Eberhard-Gran M. The impact of postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms on child development: a population-based, 2-year follow-up study. Psychol Med 2017; 47:161-170. [PMID: 27682188 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171600235x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Against the background of very limited evidence, the present study aimed to prospectively examine the impact of maternal postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on four important areas of child development, i.e. gross motor, fine motor, communication and social-emotional development. METHOD This study is part of the large, population-based Akershus Birth Cohort. Data from the hospital's birth record as well as questionnaire data from 8 weeks and 2 years postpartum were used (n = 1472). The domains of child development that were significantly correlated with PTSD symptoms were entered into regression analyses. Interaction analyses were run to test whether the influence of postpartum PTSD symptoms on child development was moderated by child sex or infant temperament. RESULTS Postpartum PTSD symptoms had a prospective relationship with poor child social-emotional development 2 years later. This relationship remained significant even when adjusting for confounders such as maternal depression and anxiety or infant temperament. Both child sex and infant temperament moderated the association between maternal PTSD symptoms and child social-emotional development, i.e. with increasing maternal PTSD symptom load, boys and children with a difficult temperament were shown to have comparatively higher levels of social-emotional problems. CONCLUSIONS Examining four different domains of child development, we found a prospective impact of postpartum PTSD symptoms on children's social-emotional development at 2 years of age. Our findings suggest that both boys and children with an early difficult temperament may be particularly susceptible to the adverse impact of postpartum PTSD symptoms. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the mechanisms at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Garthus-Niegel
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine,TU Dresden,Faculty of Medicine,Fetscherstr. 74,01307 Dresden,Germany
| | - S Ayers
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health,School of Health Sciences,City University London,London,UK
| | - J Martini
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,TU Dresden,Faculty of Medicine,Schubertstr. 42,01307 Dresden,Germany
| | - T von Soest
- Department of Psychology,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway
| | - M Eberhard-Gran
- Department of Child Health,Norwegian Institute of Public Health,Oslo,Norway
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Kim J, Park MY, Kim HK, Park Y, Whang KY. Cortisone and dexamethasone inhibit myogenesis by modulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in C2C12. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2093-2099. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1210502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Myogenesis occurs in both the prenatal and postnatal periods and the prenatal myogenesis is related to the postnatal myogenesis and the incidence of disease later in life. Glucocorticoids used as therapeutic agents for many diseases, but cause adverse effects on muscle homeostasis, including defects in fetal muscle development. The action of glucocorticoids on differentiated skeletal muscle was well studied, but their effects on myotube formation have not been well investigated. Dexamethasone (DEX) and cortisone (COR), two synthetic therapeutic glucocorticoids, suppress myotube formation in C2C12 cells. Both COR and DEX attenuated myotube formation through modulation of myogenic regulatory factors. In addition, they affected the IGF/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in increased proteolytic protein (atrogin-1 and MURF1) for muscle degradation and decreased ribosomal S6 phosphorylation. The current results conclude that COR and DEX inhibit myotube formation in C2C12 cells by modulating both the myogenic program via MRFs and protein metabolism via IGF/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonggun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kwan Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Kwang-Youn Whang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ghaffari N, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Durnwald CP. Placental microRNA Expression Is Not Altered by Maternal Obesity and Fetal Overgrowth. AJP Rep 2016; 6:e430-e435. [PMID: 28050331 PMCID: PMC5201431 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The epigenetic mechanisms underlying fetal metabolic programming are poorly understood. We studied whether obesity is associated with alterations in placental miRNA expression. Study Design A cross-sectional study was performed, including (1) normal-weight women (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2) and normal-birth-weight (BW) infants (2,700-3,500 g) (n = 20), (2) normal-weight and macrosomic infants (BW ≥ 4,000 g) (n = 10), (3) obese (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) and normal BW infants (n = 16), and (4) obese and macrosomic infants (n = 10). All had term deliveries (37-41 weeks) and normal glucose tolerance (1 hour GCT < 7.2 mmol/L [130 mg/dL]). The expression of 5,639 placental miRNAs was assessed using miRNA microarray. Differential miRNA expression was determined using two-way ANOVA and pairwise contrasts, with the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) correction. MiRNAs with Z-scores ≥ 2 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 20% were considered significant. Results Principal components analysis demonstrated similar global miRNA expression profiles among groups. Of 5,639 miRNAs, only 5 were significantly different between obese and controls, which were not validated by quantitative polymerase reaction. Conclusion There was no difference in placental miRNA expression associated with obesity or overgrowth. Aberrant placental miRNA expression is an unlikely mechanism underlying fetal metabolic programming related to maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Ghaffari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Maternal and Child Health Research Program, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel Parry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Maternal and Child Health Research Program, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michal A Elovitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Maternal and Child Health Research Program, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Celeste P Durnwald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Maternal and Child Health Research Program, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Hillier TA, Pedula KL, Vesco KK, Oshiro CES, Ogasawara KK. Impact of Maternal Glucose and Gestational Weight Gain on Child Obesity over the First Decade of Life in Normal Birth Weight Infants. Matern Child Health J 2016; 20:1559-68. [PMID: 27154523 PMCID: PMC9870031 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-016-1955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective To determine, among children with normal birth weight, if maternal hyperglycemia and weight gain independently increase childhood obesity risk in a very large diverse population. Methods Study population was 24,141 individuals (mothers and their normal birth weight offspring, born 1995-2003) among a diverse population with universal GDM screening [50-g glucose-challenge test (GCT); 3 h. 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) if GCT+]. Among the 13,037 full-term offspring with normal birth weight (2500-4000 g), annual measured height/weight was ascertained between ages 2 and 10 years to calculate gender-specific BMI-for-age percentiles using USA norms (1960-1995 standard). Results Among children who began life with normal birth weight, we found a significant trend for developing both childhood overweight (>85 %ile) and obesity (>95 %ile) during the first decade of life with both maternal hyperglycemia (normal GCT, GCT+ but no GDM, GDM) and excessive gestational weight gain [>40 pounds (18.1 kg)]; p < 0.0001 for both trends. These maternal glucose and/or weight gain effects to imprint for childhood obesity in the first decade remained after adjustment for potential confounders including maternal age, parity, as well as pre-pregnancy BMI. The attributable risk (%) for childhood obesity was 28.5 % (95 % CI 15.9-41.1) for GDM and 16.4 % (95 % CI 9.4-23.2) for excessive gestational weight gain. Conclusions for Practice Both maternal hyperglycemia and excessive weight gain have independent effects to increase childhood obesity risk. Future research should focus on prevention efforts during pregnancy as a potential window of opportunity to reduce childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Hillier
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA.
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Kathryn L Pedula
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Kimberly K Vesco
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, 3800 N. Interstate Ave., Portland, OR, 97227, USA
| | - Caryn E S Oshiro
- Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Keith K Ogasawara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Vasilevski V, Carolan-Olah M. Food taboos and nutrition-related pregnancy concerns among Ethiopian women. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:3069-75. [PMID: 27411855 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To discuss Ethiopian food taboos during pregnancy and their relation to maternal nutritional status and pregnancy outcomes. BACKGROUND Recent waves of migration have seen large groups of Ethiopian refugees moving to countries around the globe. This is of concern as Ethiopian women are at risk of a number of medical and pregnancy complications. Health is further compromised by poor diet and adherence to cultural food beliefs and taboos. In refugee women, many of these factors correspond with significantly higher rates of pregnancy complications and poor birth outcomes. DESIGN This is a discussion paper informed by a literature review. METHODS A search of the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Academic Search Premier databases for the keywords Ethiopian, pregnancy, food and taboos was conducted in the research literature published from 1998-2015. This time is contingent with Ethiopian migration trends. RESULTS Ethiopian migrant women are at risk of inadequate nutrition during pregnancy. Risks include cultural factors associated with food taboos as well as issues associated with low socioeconomic status. Consequently, Ethiopian women are more likely to have nutritional deficiencies such as anaemia which have been associated with a range of pregnancy complications. CONCLUSIONS There are many serious consequences of poor diet during pregnancy; however, most of these can be avoided by greater awareness about the role of nutrition during pregnancy and by adopting a balanced diet. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE There is an urgent unmet need for nutrition education among Ethiopian women. Research indicates that Ethiopian women are receptive to nutritional advice during pregnancy and also that pregnant women are generally motivated to act in the baby's interest. These factors suggest that this high-risk group would be amenable to culturally appropriate nutrition education, which would provide much-needed meaningful support in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidanka Vasilevski
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
| | - Mary Carolan-Olah
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Horan MK, Donnelly JM, McGowan CA, Gibney ER, McAuliffe FM. The association between maternal nutrition and lifestyle during pregnancy and 2-year-old offspring adiposity: analysis from the ROLO study. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG 2016; 24:427-436. [PMID: 27695668 PMCID: PMC5025498 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-016-0740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim To examine the association between maternal nutrition and lifestyle factors and offspring adiposity, using baseline and 2-year postpartum follow-up data from a randomised control trial of low glycaemic index diet. Subject and methods Food diaries and lifestyle questionnaires were completed during pregnancy and infant feeding and maternal lifestyle questionnaires 2 years postpartum for 281 mother and infant pairs from the ROLO study. Maternal anthropometry was measured throughout pregnancy and infant and maternal anthropometry was measured 2 years postpartum. Results Maternal 2 year postpartum body mass index (BMI) was positively associated with offspring BMI-for-age z-score (B = 0.105, p = 0.015). Trimester 2 saturated fat intake was positively associated with offspring subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio (B = 0.018, p = 0.001). Trimester 1 glycaemic index was also positively associated with offspring sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds (B = 0.009, p = 0.029). Conclusions Maternal BMI 2 years postpartum was positively associated with offspring BMI. Pregnancy saturated fat intake was positively and polyunsaturated fat negatively associated with offspring adiposity. While further research is necessary, pregnancy and the postpartum period may be early opportunities to combat childhood obesity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10389-016-0740-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Horan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jean M. Donnelly
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ciara A. McGowan
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eileen R. Gibney
- Science Centre – South, University College Dublin School Of Agriculture & Food Science, Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
- UCD Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin 2, Ireland
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A comparison of body composition estimates using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and air-displacement plethysmography in South African neonates. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1254-1258. [PMID: 27245207 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Neonatal body composition is an important predictor of future metabolic risk; however, the comparability of objective assessment techniques, particularly in African populations undergoing rapid health transition, is not known. This paper compares body composition estimates by air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in South African neonates. SUBJECTS/METHODS Fat mass, fat-free mass and body fat percentage (%fat) estimates by ADP and DXA were compared in 88 urban, black South African neonates. The level of agreement between the techniques was assessed using Bland-Altman analyses. RESULTS Significant correlations were observed between ADP and DXA measurements of fat mass (r=0.766), fat-free mass (r=0.942) and %fat (r=0.630); however, ADP estimates of fat mass (408±172 g vs 337±165 g; P<0.001) and %fat (12.9±4.4% vs 9.9±4%; P<0.001) were significantly higher and fat-free mass (2681±348 g vs 2969±375 g; P<0.001) significantly lower than those by DXA. Fat-free mass estimates showed greater consistency in the level of agreement between the techniques compared with fat and %fat estimates where the differences between methods were less predictable. CONCLUSION Although ADP and DXA body composition estimates are highly correlated in neonates, significant differences are observed between the techniques. This is particularly relevant for fat mass and %fat estimates, where differences are highly variable between methods. Further investigation is needed to minimise inter-method differences to ensure accurate and comparable assessment of body composition at birth and across longitudinal study follow-up.
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D'Souza S, Thompson JMD, Slykerman R, Marlow G, Wall C, Murphy R, Ferguson LR, Mitchell EA, Waldie KE. Environmental and genetic determinants of childhood depression: The roles of DAT1 and the antenatal environment. J Affect Disord 2016; 197:151-8. [PMID: 26991370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Research on adolescent and adult populations has linked depression to variation in several monoaminergic genes, but genetic association studies on depression in children are limited. Additionally, few studies have investigated whether stressors occurring very early in development moderate the influence of certain genes on depression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from monoaminergic genes interacted with measures of early life stress to influence depressive symptoms in children. Participants were members of the Auckland Birthweight Collaborative cohort. Small for gestational age (SGA) and maternal stress during pregnancy were measured at birth and used as indicators of early life stress. At age 11, depressive symptoms were measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and DNA samples were collected for genotyping. A two-way ANOVA revealed that SGA and a SNP from the dopamine transporter gene DAT1 had an interactive effect on children's depressive symptoms. Specifically, symptoms were greater in children born SGA who are T homozygous for the rs1042098 SNP. These findings suggest that adverse intrauterine environments leading to low birth weight also seem to exacerbate the effects of certain DAT1 variants on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D'Souza
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - John M D Thompson
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca Slykerman
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Gareth Marlow
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Clare Wall
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Edwin A Mitchell
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Karen E Waldie
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Nourbakhsh S, Ashrafzadeh S, Hafizi A, Naseh A. Associations between maternal anthropometric characteristics and infant birth weight in Iranian population. SAGE Open Med 2016; 4:2050312116646691. [PMID: 27231551 PMCID: PMC4871196 DOI: 10.1177/2050312116646691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the (1) normal ranges of anthropometric and insulin resistance/sensitivity indices (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, homeostatic model assessment for insulin sensitivity, and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index) for Iranian pregnant women and their newborns and (2) associations between maternal anthropometric and metabolic values and infants’ birth weights among Iranian women. Methods: Anthropometric and metabolic values of 163 singleton non-diabetic pregnant women in Tehran, Iran (2014) were collected before and during pregnancy and at delivery. Linear regression, multivariable regression, and Student t tests were used to evaluate correlations between birth weight and maternal variables. Results: Linear regression modeling suggested that maternal serum glucose (p = 0.2777) and age (p = 0.6752) were not associated with birth weight. Meanwhile, maternal weight and body mass index before pregnancy (p = 0.0006 and 0.0204, respectively), weight at delivery (p = 0.0036), maternal height (p = 0.0118), and gestational age (p = 0.0016) were positively associated with birth weight, while serum insulin (p = 0.0300) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (p = 0.0334) were negatively associated with infant’s birth weight. Using multivariate modeling, we identified severalconfounders: parity (multipara mothers delivered heavier babies compared to first-time mothers) explained as much as 24% of variation in birth weight (p = 0.005), maternal height explained 20.7% (p = 0.014), gestational age accounted for 19.7% (p = 0.027), and maternal body mass index explained 19.1% (p = 0.023) of the variation in the infant’s birth weight. Maternal serum insulin and infant’s sex were not observed to be associated with birth weight (p = 0.342 and 0.669, respectively) in the overall model. Conclusion: Overweight/obese women may experience higher incidence of delivering larger babies. Multivariable regression analyses showed that maternal body mass index and height, parity, and gestational age are associated with newborn’s birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sormeh Nourbakhsh
- Research Institute for Endocrine Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Hafizi
- Taleghani Educational Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Naseh
- Taleghani Educational Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Morton JS, Cooke CL, Davidge ST. In Utero Origins of Hypertension: Mechanisms and Targets for Therapy. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:549-603. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease theory is based on evidence that a suboptimal environment during fetal and neonatal development can significantly impact the evolution of adult-onset disease. Abundant evidence exists that a compromised prenatal (and early postnatal) environment leads to an increased risk of hypertension later in life. Hypertension is a silent, chronic, and progressive disease defined by elevated blood pressure (>140/90 mmHg) and is strongly correlated with cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms, however, are complex and poorly understood, and hypertension continues to be one of the most resilient health problems in modern society. Research into the programming of hypertension has proposed pharmacological treatment strategies to reverse and/or prevent disease. In addition, modifications to the lifestyle of pregnant women might impart far-reaching benefits to the health of their children. As more information is discovered, more successful management of hypertension can be expected to follow; however, while pregnancy complications such as fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm birth, etc., continue to occur, their offspring will be at increased risk for hypertension. This article reviews the current knowledge surrounding the developmental origins of hypertension, with a focus on mechanistic pathways and targets for therapeutic and pharmacologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude S. Morton
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christy-Lynn Cooke
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
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Weinberg J. Commentary: Linking Cortical and Subcortical Developmental Trajectories to Behavioral Deficits in a Mouse Model of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:448-50. [PMID: 26849677 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Weinberg
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia
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Stuart C, Merrill E, Cherry B. Certified Nurse-Midwives' Experiences with Gestational Weight Management. Nurs Womens Health 2016; 20:38-50. [PMID: 26902439 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive gestational weight gain is associated with fetal metabolic reprogramming and subsequent childhood obesity, as well as maternal recalcitrant obesity and its successive morbidities. We conducted a review of the literature and an explorative, descriptive study of the techniques and strategies used by a subset of certified nurse-midwives to help women achieve optimal gestational weight gain. We also identified barriers to this outcome. With more effective management approaches to gestational weight gain, adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes could potentially be prevented. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nwh.2015.12.007.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Merrill
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock TX
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Maternal Nutrition and Glycaemic Index during Pregnancy Impacts on Offspring Adiposity at 6 Months of Age--Analysis from the ROLO Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8010007. [PMID: 26742066 PMCID: PMC4728621 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is associated with increased risk of adult obesity and metabolic disease. Diet and lifestyle in pregnancy influence fetal programming; however the influence of specific dietary components, including low glycaemic index (GI), remains complex. We examined the effect of a maternal low GI dietary intervention on offspring adiposity at 6 months and explored the association between diet and lifestyle factors in pregnancy and infant body composition at 6 months. 280 6-month old infant and mother pairs from the control (n = 142) and intervention group (n = 138), who received low GI dietary advice in pregnancy, in the ROLO study were analysed. Questionnaires (food diaries and lifestyle) were completed during pregnancy, followed by maternal lifestyle and infant feeding questionnaires at 6 months postpartum. Maternal anthropometry was measured throughout pregnancy and at 6 months post-delivery, along with infant anthropometry. No difference was found in 6 months infant adiposity between control and intervention groups. Maternal trimester three GI, trimester two saturated fats and trimester one and three sodium intake were positively associated with offspring adiposity, while trimester two and three vitamin C intake was negatively associated. In conclusion associations were observed between maternal dietary intake and GI during pregnancy and offspring adiposity at 6 months of age.
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Cerveny L, Neumanova Z, Karbanova S, Havlova I, Staud F. Long-term administration of tenofovir or emtricitabine to pregnant rats; effect on Abcb1a, Abcb1b and Abcg2 expression in the placenta and in maternal and fetal organs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 68:84-92. [PMID: 26727197 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tenofovir and emtricitabine are very effective and well-tolerated antiretrovirals representing current backbone of the antiretroviral combination regimens for the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. The aim of our study was to determine whether tenofovir or emtricitabine administered in long-term fashion affect expression of two widely described pharmacokinetic determinants, P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2), in maternal or fetal biological tissues. METHODS For this purpose, pregnant Wistar rats were administered tenofovir (2.25 mg/kg/day), emtricitabine (3.5 mg/kg/day) or saline i.m. for 10 days (from the 12th to 21st gestation day). On the 22nd day, the placenta and maternal/fetal intestine, brain, kidneys and liver were sampled and analysed for Abcb1a, Abcb1b and Abcg2 expression; placental and newborns' weights were also monitored. KEY FINDINGS We found that long-term application of tenofovir or emtricitabine did not significantly affect expression of Abcb1a, Abcb1b and Abcg2 in either maternal or fetal organs. However, tenofovir administration significantly increased placenta-to-birthweight ratio, a strong indicator of various diseases occurring later in life. CONCLUSIONS Our data broaden current knowledge on safety profile of tenofovir and emtricitabine use in pregnancy. Nevertheless, further research in other mammal species, including humans, is important to fully elucidate this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Cerveny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Neumanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Karbanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Havlova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Ávila JGO, Echeverri I, de Plata CA, Castillo A. Impact of oxidative stress during pregnancy on fetal epigenetic patterns and early origin of vascular diseases. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:12-21. [PMID: 26024054 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have led scientists to postulate the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and obesity. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of these diseases are not well understood. In various animal models, it has been observed that oxidative stress during pregnancy is associated with the early development of endothelial dysfunction in offspring. This phenomenon suggests that endothelial dysfunction may initiate in the uterus and could lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Currently, it is known that many of the fetal adaptive responses to environmental factors are mediated by epigenetic changes in the genome, especially by the degree of methylation in cytosines in the promoter regions of genes. These findings suggest that the establishment of a particular epigenetic pattern in the genome may be generated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Guillermo Ortega Ávila
- J.G. Ortega Ávila is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group on Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia. I. Echeverri is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia. C. Aguilar de Plata and A. Castillo are with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Isabella Echeverri
- J.G. Ortega Ávila is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group on Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia. I. Echeverri is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia. C. Aguilar de Plata and A. Castillo are with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Cecilia Aguilar de Plata
- J.G. Ortega Ávila is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group on Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia. I. Echeverri is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia. C. Aguilar de Plata and A. Castillo are with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrés Castillo
- J.G. Ortega Ávila is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group on Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia. I. Echeverri is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia. C. Aguilar de Plata and A. Castillo are with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Urquia ML, Sørbye IK, Wanigaratne S. Birth-weight charts and immigrant populations: A critical review. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2015; 32:69-76. [PMID: 26453476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing body of literature focusing on differences in newborn size between different population subgroups defined by racial, ethnic, and immigration status. The interpretation of these differences as pathological or as merely reflecting normal variability is not straightforward and may have consequences for the provision of obstetric and neonatal care to minority populations. In this review, we critically assess some methodological issues affecting the assessment of newborn size and their potential implications for minority populations. In particular, we discuss the pros and cons of different types of newborn birth-weight (BW) charts (i.e., single local population-based references, minority-specific references, and a single international standard) to determine abnormal newborn size, with emphasis on immigrant populations. We conclude that size alone is not enough to inform clinical decisions and that all newborn size charts should be used as screening tools, not as diagnostic tools. Parental minority status may be regarded as a marker and used to further inquire about individual risk factors, particularly among immigrants who may not have a complete medical history in the new country. Finally, we outline areas for further research and recommendations for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L Urquia
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ingvil K Sørbye
- Women and Children's Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susitha Wanigaratne
- Centre for Research on Inner City Health, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Carolan-Olah M, Duarte-Gardea M, Lechuga J. A critical review: early life nutrition and prenatal programming for adult disease. J Clin Nurs 2015; 24:3716-29. [PMID: 26255862 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE To present the evidence in relation to early life nutrition and foetal programming for adult disease. BACKGROUND Epigenetics is a new and growing area of study investigating the impact of the intrauterine environment on the lifelong health of individuals. DESIGN Discursive paper. METHOD Searches were conducted in a range of electronic health databases. Hand searches located additional articles for review. Maternal search terms included: pregnancy; nutrition; diet; obesity; over nutrition; under nutrition. Offspring related search terms included: macrosomia; intrauterine growth restriction; epigenetics; foetal programming; childhood obesity; adolescent obesity; adolescent type 2 diabetes. DISCUSSION Results indicate that foetal programming for adult disease occurs in response to particular insults during vulnerable developmental periods. Four main areas of foetal exposure were identified in this review: (1) under nutrition; (2) over nutrition; (3) gestational diabetes mellitus; and (4) infant catch-up growth. Numerous studies also described the trans-generational nature of foetal programming. CONCLUSIONS Overall, foetal exposure to excess or insufficient nutrition during vulnerable developmental periods appears to result in a lifelong predisposition to obesity and adult disease, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiac disease. For the infant who has been undernourished during early life, a predisposition to renal disease also occurs. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Pregnancy is a time when women are engaged in health systems and are receptive to health messages. These factors suggest that pregnancy may be an optimal time for dietary education and intervention. There is a particular need for education on healthy diet and for interventions which aim to limit over consumption of calories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Carolan-Olah
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Nursing and Midwifery, St Alban's Campus, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Maria Duarte-Gardea
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Julia Lechuga
- Department of Psychology, College of Health Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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Yang X, Lai P, Chen XG, Liu ZP, Tang YM, Rao S, Wen CJ, Jiao SR, Lei J. Maternal high-fat diet exposure leads to insulin resistance and impacts myogenic and adipogenicgene expression in offspring rats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- School of Bioengineering; Xihua University; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Peng Lai
- School of Bioengineering; Xihua University; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Gui Chen
- School of Bioengineering; Xihua University; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Ping Liu
- School of Bioengineering; Xihua University; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Mou Tang
- School of Bioengineering; Xihua University; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Su Rao
- School of Bioengineering; Xihua University; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Chun-Juan Wen
- School of Bioengineering; Xihua University; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Shi-Rong Jiao
- School of Bioengineering; Xihua University; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Ji Lei
- School of Bioengineering; Xihua University; Chengdu P. R. China
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Wehby GL, Gili JA, Pawluk M, Castilla EE, López-Camelo JS. Disparities in birth weight and gestational age by ethnic ancestry in South American countries. Int J Public Health 2015; 60:343-51. [PMID: 25542227 PMCID: PMC4699418 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-014-0639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examine disparities in birth weight and gestational age by ethnic ancestry in 2000-2011 in eight South American countries. METHODS The sample included 60,480 singleton live births. Regression models were estimated to evaluate differences in birth outcomes by ethnic ancestry controlling for time trends. RESULTS Significant disparities were found in seven countries. In four countries-Brazil, Ecuador, Uruguay, and Venezuela-we found significant disparities in both low birth weight and preterm birth. Disparities in preterm birth alone were observed in Argentina, Bolivia, and Colombia. Several differences in continuous birth weight, gestational age, and fetal growth rate were also observed. There were no systematic patterns of disparities between the evaluated ethnic ancestry groups across the study countries, in that no racial/ethnic group consistently had the best or worst outcomes in all countries. CONCLUSIONS Racial/ethnic disparities in infant health are common in several South American countries. Differences across countries suggest that racial/ethnic disparities are driven by social and economic mechanisms. Researchers and policymakers should acknowledge these disparities and develop research and policy programs to effectively target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 145N. Riverside Dr., 100 College of Public Health Bldg., Room N248, Iowa City, IA, 52242-2007, USA,
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50
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Small for gestational age births among South Indian women: temporal trend and risk factors from 1996 to 2010. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:7. [PMID: 25645738 PMCID: PMC4324804 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The birth weight and gestational age at birth are two important variables that define neonatal morbidity and mortality. In developed countries, chronic maternal diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal disease or collagen vascular disease is the most common cause of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Maternal nutrition, pregnancy induced hypertension, chronic maternal infections, and other infections such as cytomegalovirus, parvovirus, rubella and malaria are the other causes of IUGR. The present study examines the secular trend of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) over 15 years and risk factors for SGA from a referral hospital in India. METHODS Data from 1996 to 2010 was obtained from the labour room register. A rotational sampling scheme was used i.e. 12 months of the year were divided into 4 quarters. Taking into consideration all deliveries that met the inclusion criteria, babies whose birth weights were less than 10(th) percentile of the cut off values specific for gestational ages, were categorized as SGA. Only deliveries of live births that occurred between 22 and 42 weeks of pregnancy were considered in this study. Besides bivariate analyses, multivariable logistic regression analysis was done. Nagelkerke R(2) statistics and Hosmer and Lemeshow chi-square statistics were used as goodness of fit statistics. RESULTS Based on the data from 36,674 deliveries, the incidence of SGA was 11.4% in 1996 and 8.4% in 2010. Women who had multiple pregnancies had the higher odds of having SGA babies, 2.8 (2.3-3.3) times. The women with hypertensive disease had 1.8 (1.5-1.9) times higher odds of having SGA. Underweight women had 1.7 (1.3 - 2.1) times and anaemic mothers had 1.29 (1.01 - 1.6) times higher odds. The mothers who had cardiac disease were 1.4 (1.01 - 2.0) times at higher odds for SGA. In teenage pregnancies, the odds of SGA was 1.3 (1.1 - 1.5) times higher than mothers in the age group 20 to 35 years. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant reduction in the incidence of SGA by 26% over 15 years. The women with the above modifiable risk factors need to be identified early and provided with health education on optimal birth weight.
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