1
|
Li M, Liao K, Nowakowska M, Wehner M, shih YCT. Disparity in initiation of checkpoint inhibitors among commercially insured and Medicare Advantage patients with metastatic melanoma. J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2023; 29:1232-1241. [PMID: 37889870 PMCID: PMC10776259 DOI: 10.18553/jmcp.2023.29.11.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced melanoma, but racial disparities in melanoma outcomes continue. These inequities are not fully explained by individual factors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations of neighborhood factors with the use of ICIs in metastatic melanoma. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of commercially insured US adults with metastatic melanoma diagnosed between January 2011 and December 2020. We examined the associations between the county-level percentage of population from racial and ethnic minority groups and the time from metastatic melanoma diagnosis to initiating ICIs using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for patient characteristics. RESULTS: We identified 4,052 patients with metastatic melanoma, of which 49% used ICIs. We found that the adoption of ICIs in a county declined with increasing minority quintile (quintile 1: 52.4%, quintile 2: 50.4%, quintile 3: 50.1%, quintile 4: 45.8%, and quintile 5: 44.7%). The delay in ICI initiation also went up as the percentage of minorities in a county increased (log-rank test P = 0.03). Compared with the lowest quintile, the adjusted hazard ratio of ICI initiation of the second, third, fourth, and highest minority quintile was 0.94 (95% CI = 0.81-1.08), 0.88 (95% CI = 0.76-1.02), 0.81 (95% CI = 0.68-0.97), and 0.77 (95% CI = 0.66-0.91), respectively. Secondary analysis revealed that the slower initiation was driven by the counties with the highest percentage of Hispanic population (hazard ratio = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.61-0.89) in both Cox models and sensitivity analyses. High-minority counties correlated with metro areas, higher poverty levels, and a greater number of medical oncologists. CONCLUSIONS: We found that patients with metastatic melanoma living in counties with higher proportion of minorities, particularly of Hispanic origin, are more likely to experience delays in ICI treatment. This study provides important population-level data on neighborhood-level disparity in medication use. More research is needed on the underlying provider- and system-level factors that directly contributed to the lower use of cancer medicines in high-minority areas, which can help inform the development of evidence-based medication use strategies that can improve health outcomes and equity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Health Services Research, Houston
| | - Kaiping Liao
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Health Services Research, Houston
| | | | - Mackenzie Wehner
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Health Services Research, Houston
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Houston
| | - Ya-Chen Tina shih
- University of California Los Angeles Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
- University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Revisiting the melanomagenic pathways and current therapeutic approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9651-9671. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
3
|
Zakhem GA, Pulavarty AN, Lester JC, Stevenson ML. Skin Cancer in People of Color: A Systematic Review. Am J Clin Dermatol 2022; 23:137-151. [PMID: 34902111 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People of African, Asian, Hispanic or Latino, Pacific Islander, and Native Indian descent are considered people of color by the Skin of Color Society (SOCS). OBJECTIVES In this study, we assess incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, histopathology, treatment, and survival for skin malignancies in people of color as defined by the SOCS, by systematically reviewing the literature. METHODS An electronic literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases was performed. Articles published from 1 January 1990 through 12 December 2020 were included in the search. RESULTS We identified 2666 publications potentially meeting the study criteria. Titles and abstracts of these studies were reviewed and 2353 were excluded. The full text of 313 articles were evaluated and 251 were included in this review. CONCLUSION Differences in incidence, patterns, treatment, and survival exist among people of color for cutaneous malignancies. Further research and initiatives are needed to account for and mitigate these differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George A Zakhem
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 222 East 41st Street, 24th Floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Akshay N Pulavarty
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 222 East 41st Street, 24th Floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Jenna C Lester
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mary L Stevenson
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, 222 East 41st Street, 24th Floor, New York, NY, 10017, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Buller DB, Walkosz BJ, Olivas S, Eye R, Liu X, Kinsey A, Buller MK, Grayson A. Association of occupational sun safety policy and actions in state transportation sector in the United States. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:274-282. [PMID: 33393708 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational sun protection is recommended by government health authorities. Sun safety policies and predictors of managers' reports of sun safety actions were assessed. METHODS Written policies from 21 state departments of transportation (DOTs) enrolled in a randomized trial to test methods for scaling-up an occupational sun safety intervention were coded for sun safety content at baseline. Managers (n = 1113) supervising outdoor workers reported on sun safety actions in a baseline survey. RESULTS Twenty state DOTs (95.2%) have a policy with at least one sun protection component. Sun safety training was increased at workplaces with a written sun safety policy (p < 0.001) and unwritten standard procedures on sun protection (p < 0.001). Reported sun safety actions were highest where there was a written sun safety policy (p < 0.001) and unwritten standard procedures on sun protection (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Policies are essential for the implementation of employee sun safety. There is room for improvement in existing policies of state DOTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xia Liu
- Klein Buendel, Inc. Golden Colorado USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gordon LG, Rodriguez-Acevedo AJ, Køster B, Guy GP, Sinclair C, Van Deventer E, Green AC. Association of Indoor Tanning Regulations With Health and Economic Outcomes in North America and Europe. JAMA Dermatol 2020; 156:401-410. [PMID: 32074257 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Importance UV radiation emissions from indoor tanning devices are carcinogenic. Regulatory actions may be associated with reduced exposure of UV radiation at a population level. Objective To estimate the long-term health and economic consequences of banning indoor tanning devices or prohibiting their use by minors only in North America and Europe compared with ongoing current levels of use. Design, Setting, and Participants This economic analysis modeled data for individuals 12 to 35 years old in North America and Europe, who commonly engage in indoor tanning. A Markov cohort model was used with outcomes projected during the cohort's remaining life-years. Models were populated by extracting data from high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses, epidemiologic reports, and cancer registrations. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes were numbers of melanomas and deaths from melanoma, numbers of keratinocyte carcinomas, life-years, and health care and productivity costs. Extensive sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the stability of results. Results In an estimated population of 110 932 523 in the United States and Canada and 141 970 492 in Europe, for the next generation of youths and young adults during their remaining lifespans, regulatory actions that ban indoor tanning devices could be expected to gain 423 000 life-years, avert 240 000 melanomas (-8.2%), and avert 7.3 million keratinocyte carcinomas (-7.8%) in North America and gain 460 000 life-years, avert 204 000 melanomas (-4.9%), and avert 2.4 million keratinocyte carcinomas (-4.4%) in Europe compared with ongoing current levels of use. Economic cost savings of US $31.1 billion in North America and €21.1 billion (US $15.9 billion) in Europe could occur. Skin cancers averted and cost savings after prohibiting indoor tanning by minors may be associated with one-third of the corresponding benefits of a total ban. Conclusions and Relevance Banning indoor tanning may be associated with reduced skin cancer burden and health care costs. Corresponding gains from prohibiting indoor tanning by minors only may be smaller.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louisa G Gordon
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology School of Nursing, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Astrid J Rodriguez-Acevedo
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Gery P Guy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Adèle C Green
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, CRUK Manchester Institute and Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Economic Evaluation of an Intervention Promoting Adoption of Occupational Sun Protection Policies. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 61:978-983. [PMID: 31490321 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Economic evaluation of an intervention promoting adoption of occupational sun protection actions by Colorado public sector employers. METHODS Randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up conducted during 2010 to 2013. Thirty-three intervention and 30 attention-control worksites in final economic sample. Twenty-four-month intervention of personal contacts, training, and materials. Intervention delivery micro-costed. Costs of implemented actions from employer self-report. RESULTS Twenty-four-month intervention costs: $121,789, 51.8% incurred by project staff (per-worksite mean=$1,732). Worksite costs: $58,631 (mean = $1,777). Per-employee costs: $118 project staff, $56 worksites. Materials cost: $5990 (mean = $181). Intervention worksites implemented 72 nontraining sun protection actions post-Sun Safe Workplaces (SSW) (mean = 2.18). Control worksites implemented 39 actions (mean = 1.30). Total costs to intervention worksites of implementing the 72 post-SSW actions: $90,645 (mean = $2,747). Control worksite costs: $66,467 (mean = $2,216). Per-employee implementation costs are comparable to other worksite health interventions. CONCLUSION SSW expanded adoption of sun protection actions at a reasonable per-employee cost.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sobhani S, Masinaei M, Fattahi N, Moghaddam SS, Naderimagham S, Rezaei N, Fateh SM, Madadi Z, Ahmadi N, Roshani S, Khalilabad MR, Kompani F, Farzadfar F. National and provincial population-based incidence and mortality of skin cancer in Iran; 1990-2016. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2020; 17:e162-e169. [PMID: 32762132 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the national and provincial estimates of incidence, mortality and burden of skin cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2016. METHODS The data for incidence and mortality rates were collected from the National and Subnational Burden of Diseases (NASBOD) project. We employed a two-stage spatiotemporal model to estimate cancer incidence based on sex, age, province and year. The national and subnational age and gender specific trends were calculated from 1990 to 2016. Mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) was considered as an indicator of cancer care quality. RESULTS At the national level, the age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of skin cancer decreased 1.29 times, from 23.6 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 17.1-31.1) per 100 000 persons in 1990 to 18.2 (95% UI, 15.8-20.6) in 2016; a similar trend was seen in both males and females. The highest ASIR was seen in 2000. National estimates of the age standardized mortality rate (ASMR) steadily decreased from 2.8 per 100 000 persons (95% UI, 1.9-4.1) in 1990 to 0.2 (95% UI, 0.1-0.3) per 100 000 persons in 2015. The MIR decreased continuously from 1990 to 2015 in all provinces and among both genders. The age standardized rate of years of life lost also decreased 8.7 times, from 30.1 (95% UI, 20.2-45.1) in 1990 to 3.5 (95% UI, 2.3-5.3) in 2015. CONCLUSIONS During the study period, skin cancer ASIR, ASMR and burden steadily decreased among the Iranian population. The declining MIR for all provinces from 1990 to 2015 was a proxy of early detection and high-quality medical care for skin cancer in Iran. These results can be beneficial to policymakers and health planners to make correct decisions and determine proper resource allocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Sobhani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Masinaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Fattahi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Naderimagham
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Mohammadi Fateh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Roshani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Rouhifard Khalilabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Kompani
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hieken TJ, Glasgow AE, Enninga EAL, Kottschade LA, Dronca RS, Markovic SN, Block MS, Habermann EB. Sex-Based Differences in Melanoma Survival in a Contemporary Patient Cohort. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 29:1160-1167. [PMID: 32105561 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.7851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A female survival advantage in cutaneous melanoma has been long recognized. However, whether this extends across all age groups, with risk stratification using the latest prognostic staging system or in the current era of efficacious systemic therapies is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated whether sex-based differences in melanoma survival persisted within a recent population-based patient cohort with consideration of these factors. Materials and Methods: We identified stage II-IV cutaneous melanoma patients from 2010 to 2014 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries data. We recalculated stage per American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition guidelines. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Of 16,807 patients (39.8% female), 8,990 were stage II, 4,826 stage III, and 2,991 stage IV at diagnosis. Unadjusted 3-/5-year CSS estimates for females versus males were 64.2% versus 59.7%, and 53.5% versus 49.9%, respectively, p ≤ 0.0001. Five-year CSS varied within each stage and across age strata of <45, 45 - 59, and ≥60 years. Within each stage, females <45 had better CSS than all other sex/age groups (p < 0.0001). In multivariable analysis of stage II/III patients, female sex, younger age, and lower mitotic index retained favorable CSS prognostic significance (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Sex-based differences in melanoma survival persist in a contemporary patient cohort staged with the latest prognostic system. These data may guide decision marking regarding adjuvant therapy, highlight the importance of including sex as a pre-specified clinical trial variable, and suggest that investigation of underlying biologic mechanisms may drive discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina J Hieken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amy E Glasgow
- Department of Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Roxana S Dronca
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Matthew S Block
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Habermann
- Department of Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jurmeister P, Bockmayr M, Treese C, Stein U, Lenze D, Jöhrens K, Friedling F, Dietel M, Klauschen F, Marsch W, Fiedler E, von Laffert M. Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2, nuclear S100A4, MITF and Ki67 for risk stratification of early-stage melanoma - A combined IHC score for melanoma risk stratification. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2020; 17:800-808. [PMID: 31437373 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Overall survival (OS) in patients with early-stage malignant melanoma differs. To date, there are no established prognostic markers. We aimed to contribute to a better understanding of potential prognostic immunohistochemical markers for risk stratification. PATIENTS AND METHODS 161 surgically resected early-stage malignant melanomas (stage pT1 and pT2) were analyzed for expression of 20 different proteins using immunohistochemistry. The results were correlated with OS. The cohort was randomly split into a discovery and a validation cohort. RESULTS High Bcl-2 expression, high nuclear S100A4 expression as well as a Ki67 proliferation index of ≥ 20 % were associated with shorter OS. Strong MITF immunoreactivity was a predictor for favorable prognosis. A combination of these four markers resulted in a multi-marker score with significant prognostic value in multivariate survival analysis (HR: 3.704; 95 % CI 1.484 to 9.246; p = 0.005). Furthermore, the score was able to differentiate a low-risk group with excellent OS rates (five-year survival rate: 100 %), an intermediate-risk group (five-year survival rate: 81.8 %) and a high-risk group (five-year survival rate: 52.6 %). The prognostic value was confirmed within the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS Combined immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2, nuclear S100A4, Ki67 and MITF could contribute to better risk stratification of early-stage malignant melanoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jurmeister
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bockmayr
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Treese
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dido Lenze
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Friedling
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Manfred Dietel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Marsch
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eckhard Fiedler
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maximilian von Laffert
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Walkosz BJ, Buller DB, Buller MK, Wallis A, Liu X. Senior managers' awareness of sun protection policy predicts implementation of worksite sun safety in a randomized trial. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:893-900. [PMID: 31403221 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outdoor workers experience chronic exposure to harmful ultraviolet radiation (UV) elevating their risk for skin cancer. METHODS A controlled randomized trial promoted the adoption of workplace sun safety policy and employee education at 98 public organizations in Colorado. A 2-year follow-up study with 68 organizations assessed the association of senior manager awareness of sun safety policies and implementation of sun safety actions. RESULTS Senior managers' awareness of existing sun safety policies, but not their personal sun protection behaviors, predicted implementation of sun safety actions including the number of sun protection messages and sun protection items in the workplace and increased communication about sun safety to employees. CONCLUSIONS Organizational adoption of sun safety policy must include efforts to broadly inform a workplace's senior management to ensure the policies are actually implemented and provide support for sun protection behaviors by outdoor workers to reduce UV exposure and skin cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Allan Wallis
- School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Xia Liu
- Klein Buendel, Inc, Golden, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jurmeister P, Bockmayr M, Treese C, Stein U, Lenze D, Jöhrens K, Friedling F, Dietel M, Klauschen F, Marsch W, Fiedler E, Laffert M. Immunhistochemische Analyse von Bcl‐2, nukleärem S100A4, MITF und Ki67 zur Risikostratifizierung von Melanomen im Frühstadium – ein kombinierter immunhistochemischer Score. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019; 17:800-809. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13917_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jurmeister
- Institut für PathologieCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center Berlin
| | - Michael Bockmayr
- Institut für PathologieCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
- Klinik für pädiatrische Hämatologie und OnkologieUniversitätsklinikum Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg
| | - Christoph Treese
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin
- Experimentelles und klinisches ForschungszentrumCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlinund Max‐Delbrück‐Zentrum für molekulare Medizin Berlin
- Medizinische Klinik für GastroenterologieInfektiologie und RheumatologieCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin Berlin
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimentelles und klinisches ForschungszentrumCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlinund Max‐Delbrück‐Zentrum für molekulare Medizin Berlin
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK) Heidelberg
| | - Dido Lenze
- Institut für PathologieCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | | | - Franziska Friedling
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie Halle (Saale)Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale)
| | - Manfred Dietel
- Institut für PathologieCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | | | - Wolfgang Marsch
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie Halle (Saale)Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale)
| | - Eckhard Fiedler
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie Halle (Saale)Martin‐Luther‐Universität Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale)
| | - Maximilian Laffert
- Institut für PathologieCharité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Berlin
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ricklefs CA, Asdigian NL, Kalra HL, Mayer JA, Dellavalle RP, Holman DM, Crane LA. Indoor tanning promotions on social media in six US cities #UVTanning #tanning. Transl Behav Med 2017; 6:260-70. [PMID: 27356996 DOI: 10.1007/s13142-015-0378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no research investigating indoor tanning advertising on social media. We assessed the use of social media to promote indoor tanning. We subscribed to social media platforms in six US cities and content-analyzed promotional messages received. We captured 662 messages on Twitter and Facebook, through salon emails, and in daily deal coupons. Salon postings were most frequent on Twitter and Facebook, with an average of 2-3 postings per week. National chains posted more frequently than local businesses. Forty percent of messages were devoid of tanning content and included photos, jokes, or popular references. Thirty percent mentioned price reductions, and 28 % referenced an upcoming holiday. Sunless tanning (17 %) was promoted more often than ultraviolet tanning (9 %). Tanning salons actively use social media as a strategy for maintaining relationships with customers and offer pricing deals that promote loyalty and high-frequency tanning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Ricklefs
- Research Informatics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nancy L Asdigian
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Heidi L Kalra
- Master of Physician Assistant Studies Program, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joni A Mayer
- Division of Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Dermatology Service, Aurora, CO, USA.,VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Dawn M Holman
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lori A Crane
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bustos MA, Ono S, Marzese DM, Oyama T, Iida Y, Cheung G, Nelson N, Hsu SC, Yu Q, Hoon DSB. MiR-200a Regulates CDK4/6 Inhibitor Effect by Targeting CDK6 in Metastatic Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1955-1964. [PMID: 28526299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The CDK4/6 pathway is frequently dysregulated in cutaneous melanoma. Recently, CDK4/6 inhibitors have shown promising clinical activity against several cancer types, including melanoma. Here, we show that microRNA-200a decreases CDK6 expression and thus reduces the response of CDK4/6 inhibitor in highly proliferative metastatic melanoma. Down-regulation of microRNA-200a expression in melanoma cells is associated with disease progression and a higher number of lymph node metastases. Furthermore, microRNA-200a expression is epigenetically modulated by both DNA methylation at the promoter region and chromatin accessibility of an upstream genomic region with enhancer activity. Mechanistically, overexpression of miR-200a in metastatic melanoma cells induces cell cycle arrest by targeting CDK6 and decreases the levels of phosphorylated-Rb1 and E2F-downstream targets, diminishing cell proliferation; these effects are recovered by CDK6 overexpression. Conversely, low microRNA-200a expression in metastatic melanoma cells results in higher levels of CDK6 and a more significant response to CDK4/6 inhibitors. We propose that microRNA-200a functions as a "cell cycle brake" that is lost during melanoma progression to metastasis and provides the ability to identify melanomas that are highly proliferative and more prompted to respond to CDK4/6 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matias A Bustos
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Shigeshi Ono
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Diego M Marzese
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Takashi Oyama
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Yuuki Iida
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Garrett Cheung
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Nellie Nelson
- Sequencing Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Sandy C Hsu
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA; Sequencing Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA
| | - Qiang Yu
- Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA; Sequencing Center, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
You OH, Shin EA, Lee H, Kim JH, Sim DY, Kim JH, Kim Y, Khil JH, Baek NI, Kim SH. Apoptotic Effect of Astragalin in Melanoma Skin Cancers via Activation of Caspases and Inhibition of Sry-related HMg-Box Gene 10. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1614-1620. [PMID: 28809055 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Though Astragalin (kaempferol-3-glucoside) contained in Paeonia lactiflora and other plants was known to have anti-oxidant, antiinflammatory, and anti-tumor activity, the anti-tumor mechanism of Astragalin has never been reported in melanomas until now. Thus, in the present study, the underlying apoptotic mechanism of Astragalin isolated from Aceriphyllum rossii was elucidated in A375P and SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells. Astragalin exerted cytotoxicity in A375P and SK-MEL-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Also, Astragalin significantly increased the number of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling positive cells and sub-G1 population as a feature of apoptosis in A375P and SK-MEL-2 cells compared with untreated control. Consistently, western blotting revealed that Astragalin activated caspase 9/3 and Bax, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and attenuated the expression of cyclin D1, Mcl-1, and Sry-related HMg-Box gene 10 (SOX10) in A375P and SK-MEL-2 cells. Of note, ectopic expression of SOX10 reduced the apoptotic ability of Astragalin to inhibit proliferation, cleave poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and caspase 3 in A375P and SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells. Overall, our findings provide evidence that Astragalin induces apoptosis in A375P and SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells via activation of caspase9/3 and inhibition of SOX10 signaling. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ok Heui You
- Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Ju-Ha Kim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| | - Jung Hyo Kim
- Chosun Nursing College, 375 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea
| | - Younghwan Kim
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Khil
- Institute of Sports Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, South Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Targeted Herbal Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wickramasekaran RN, Jewell MP, Sorvillo F, Kuo T. The changing trends and profile of pneumocystosis mortality in the United States, 1999-2014. Mycoses 2017; 60:607-615. [PMID: 28568970 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pneumocystosis (PCP) mortality in the U.S. has received less attention in recent years. This study describes recent trends in mortality and the estimated burden of PCP in the U.S., using the national multiple cause of death data during 1999-2014. PCP mortality rates were calculated for age, sex, race and year. Demographic differences were presented for decedents with and without a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-diagnosis. Matched odds ratios (MOR) were generated to describe associations between non-HIV conditions and PCP mortality. In total, 11 512 PCP deaths occurred during 1999-2014. Annual age-adjusted PCP mortality decreased over this time period, from 0.479 to 0.154 per 100 000 population (1999 vs 2014 respectively). Over two-thirds of decedents were male and Blacks had the highest mortality as compared to Whites. HIV co-diagnosis accounted for 48% of all PCP deaths in 2014 vs 71% in 1999. Comorbid conditions such as connective tissue disorders (MOR=12.29; 95% confidence interval=[10.26, 14.71]) were associated with a PCP diagnosis. Productivity losses amounted to >$12 billion during the study period. Although widespread use of antiretroviral therapy and PCP prophylaxis for HIV infection likely contributed to the overall decline in PCP deaths during 1999-2014, a continual need exists to prevent and treat this fungal disease in immune-compromised populations that are not infected with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana N Wickramasekaran
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mirna Ponce Jewell
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank Sorvillo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tony Kuo
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Buller DB, Walkosz BJ, Buller MK, Wallis A, Andersen PA, Scott MD, Eye R, Liu X, Cutter G. Results of a Randomized Trial on an Intervention Promoting Adoption of Occupational Sun Protection Policies. Am J Health Promot 2017; 32:1042-1053. [PMID: 28447466 DOI: 10.1177/0890117117704531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate an intervention promoting adoption of occupational sun protection policies by employers in a randomized trial. DESIGN A randomized pretest-posttest controlled design with 2-year follow-up was conducted in 2010 to 2013. SETTING Local government organizations in Colorado who had outdoor workers in public works, public safety, and/or parks and recreation. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-eight local government organizations (n = 51 municipalities, 10 counties, and 37 special districts). INTERVENTION Organizations were randomly assigned to receive a policy and education intervention comprised of personal contacts and theory-based training and materials or to an attention control group. MEASURES Occupational policy documents were coded for sun safety content by a trained research assistant blind to condition. ANALYSIS Policy scores were analyzed with logistic and Poisson regression models using imputation. RESULTS At posttest, more organizations in the intervention group had a sun protection policy than in the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 4.91, P < .05; intent to treat: OR = 5.95, P < .05) and policies were more extensive (χ2 = 31.29, P < .01; intent to treat: χ2 =73.79, P < .01) and stronger (χ2 = 24.50, P < .01; intent to treat: χ2 = 51.95, P < .01). Policy adoption was higher when the number of contacts and trainings increased ( P < .05). CONCLUSION The intervention had a large effect on adoption of formal sun protection policies, perhaps because of its fit with legal requirements to maintain safe workplaces. Personal contacts with managers were influential on adoption of occupational policy even in this age of communication technology and social media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Allan Wallis
- 2 School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Peter A Andersen
- 3 School of Communication, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Scott
- 4 Department of Communication Arts and Sciences, California State University, Chico, CA, USA
| | | | - Xia Liu
- 1 Klein Buendel, Inc, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Gary Cutter
- 5 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Iessi E, Logozzi M, Lugini L, Azzarito T, Federici C, Spugnini EP, Mizzoni D, Di Raimo R, Angelini DF, Battistini L, Cecchetti S, Fais S. Acridine Orange/exosomes increase the delivery and the effectiveness of Acridine Orange in human melanoma cells: A new prototype for theranostics of tumors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:648-657. [PMID: 28262028 PMCID: PMC6010124 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1292263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Specifically targeted drug delivery systems with low immunogenicity and toxicity are deemed to increase efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. Acridine Orange (AO) is an acidophilic dye with a strong tumoricidal action following excitation with a light source at 466 nm. However, to date the clinical use of AO is limited by the potential side effects elicited by systemic administration. The endogenous nanocarrier exosomes have been recently introduced as a natural delivery system for therapeutic molecules. In this article, we show the outcome of the administration to human melanoma cells of AO charged Exosomes (Exo-AO), in both monolayer and spheroid models. The results showed an extended drug delivery time of Exo-AO to melanoma cells as compared to the free AO, improving the cytotoxicity of AO. This study shows that Exo-AO have a great potential for a real exploitation as a new theranostic approach against tumors based on AO delivered through the exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Iessi
- a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | - Luana Lugini
- a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | - Tommaso Azzarito
- a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | - Cristina Federici
- a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Davide Mizzoni
- a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Luca Battistini
- c Neuroimmunology Unit , IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- d Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- a Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation , National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Analysis of Productivity Costs in Cancer: A Systematic Review. GLOBAL & REGIONAL HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.5301/grhta.5000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
19
|
Chen L, Jin S. Trends in mortality rates of cutaneous melanoma in East Asian populations. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2809. [PMID: 28028475 PMCID: PMC5182992 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has rapidly increased over the past four decades. CM is often overlooked in East Asian populations due to its low incidence, despite East Asia making up 22% of the world’s population. Since the 1990s, Caucasian populations have seen a plateau in CM mortality rates; however, there is little data investigating the mortality rates of CM in East Asian populations. In this study, the World Health Organization Mortality Database with the joinpoint regression method, and a generalized additive model were used to investigate trends in age standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of CM in four East Asia regions (Japan, Republic of Korea (Korea), China: Hong Kong (Hong Kong), and Singapore) over the past six decades. In addition, mortality rate ratios by different variables (i.e., sex, age group, and region) were analyzed. Our results showed ASMRs of CM in East Asia significantly increased non-linearly over the past six decades. The joinpoint regression method indicated women had greater annual percentage changes than men in Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong. Men had significantly greater mortality rate ratio (1.51, 95% CI [1.48–1.54]) than women. Mortality rate ratios in 30−59 and 60+ years were significant greater than in the 0−29 years. Compared to Hong Kong, mortality rate ratio was 0.72 (95% CI [0.70–0.74]) times, 0.73 (95% CI [0.70–0.75]) times, and 1.02 (95% CI [1.00–1.05]) times greater in Japan, Korea, and Singapore, respectively. Although there is limited research investigating CM mortality rates in East Asia, results from the present study indicate that there is a significant growth in the ASMRs of CM in East Asian populations, highlighting a need to raise awareness of CM in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Immunotherapy Institutes, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaofei Jin
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regionally or distantly metastatic melanoma (stages IIIB/C and IV) place a high burden on society. To quantify this burden, this study estimated years of life lost (YLL) per patient for adults with metastatic melanoma in 12 countries in 2014. METHODS General population growth and life expectancy were estimated from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development data and life tables for each country. Incidence of melanoma and mortality rates for the disease were based on GLOBOCAN and US registry data. The prevalence of metastatic melanoma was calculated using mortality rates and survival data from patients with melanoma. YLL per patient was estimated by the difference between the disease-free life expectancy and the life expectancy with metastatic melanoma. RESULTS YLL per patient were as follows: Australia, men = 19.9 years, women = 22.7 years; Brazil, 16.3, 19.8; Canada, 19.4, 22.3; France, 18.8, 23.1; Germany, 18.3, 20.8; Italy, 19.3, 22.7; Mexico, 17.2, 19.0; the Netherlands, 18.5, 21.5; Spain, 19.2, 23.1; Sweden 19.4, 22.0; the UK, 18.7, 21.2; and the US, 17.9, 20.6. CONCLUSIONS The burden of metastatic melanoma as measured by YLL is substantial in all 12 countries; although there is variation across countries and between men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongyun Zhao
- b b Amgen, Global Health Economics , Thousand Oaks , CA , USA
| | - Casey Quinn
- a a PRMA Consulting Ltd , Fleet, Hampshire , UK
| | - Beth Barber
- b b Amgen, Global Health Economics , Thousand Oaks , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Marzese DM, Witz IP, Kelly DF, Hoon DSB. Epigenomic landscape of melanoma progression to brain metastasis: unexplored therapeutic alternatives. Epigenomics 2015; 7:1303-11. [PMID: 26638944 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma brain metastasis is a complication with rising incidence. Despite the high rate of somatic mutations driving the initial stages of melanocyte transformation, the brain colonization requires a phenotypic reprogramming that is, in part, influenced by epigenomic modifications. This special report summarizes recent findings in the epigenomic landscape of melanoma progression to brain metastasis, with particular emphasis on the clinical utility of DNA methylation, chromatin modifications and ncRNA expression as theragnostic markers, as well as the significance of the metastatic microenvironment on melanoma brain metastasis epigenome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Marzese
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Boulevard, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research & Immunology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Daniel F Kelly
- Brain Tumor Center, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, 2200 Santa Monica Boulevard, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Davis R, Loescher LJ, Rogers J, Spartonos D, Snyder A, Koch S, Harris RB. Evaluation of Project Students are Sun Safe (SASS): A University Student-Delivered Skin Cancer Prevention Program for Schools. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2015; 30:736-742. [PMID: 25417824 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-014-0742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the USA and is increasing in children and young adults. Adolescents are an important target population for sun-safety interventions with ultraviolet radiation as the strongest risk factor for developing skin cancer. Schools are an ideal setting to intervene with adolescents. A novel Arizona skin cancer prevention in-class education-activity program, Project 'Students are Sun Safe' (SASS), was designed to be delivered by university students for middle school and high school students. Participant students completed the pre- and post-program tests and a satisfaction questionnaire; teachers completed reviews. The evaluation examined the program's influence on participants' sun-safety knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors; satisfaction with the program; and intent to change. After exposure to Project SASS, participants were more likely to perceive a high risk of skin cancer, report negative attitudes toward tanned skin, and answer knowledge-based questions correctly. There were minimal differences in self-reported sun-safety behaviors, though participants did report intent to change. Both participants and teachers were satisfied with the program. Project SASS appears to be an effective sun-safety program for middle school and high school students for knowledge and perceptions, and the results confirm that appropriately tailoring program components to the target population has strong potential to impact adolescent perceived susceptibility, knowledge, and behavioral intent. The strengths and weaknesses of Project SASS have many implications for public health practice, and Project SASS may hold promise to be a model for skin cancer prevention in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raeann Davis
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA.
- University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Lois J Loescher
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA.
- College of Nursing, The University of Arizona, 1305 N. Martin Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Jillian Rogers
- Scottsdale Healthcare, Arizona State University, 4629 E. Charleston Ave. Phoenix, Arizona, 85032, USA
| | - Denise Spartonos
- Skin Cancer Institute, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Ave. Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Aimee Snyder
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Stephanie Koch
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA
- Skin Cancer Institute, The University of Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 N Campbell Ave. Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Robin B Harris
- Zuckerman College of Public Health, The University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Tucson, Arizona, AZ, 85724, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Donahue T, Lee CY, Sanghvi A, Obregon R, Sidiropoulos M, Cooper C, Merkel EA, Yélamos O, Ferris L, Gerami P. Immunosuppression is an independent prognostic factor associated with aggressive tumor behavior in cutaneous melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 73:461-6. [PMID: 26209220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of factors other than those identified by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) may have prognostic significance in the evaluation of melanoma. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate commonly recorded clinical features potentially associated with aggressive melanoma. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case-control study. We included patients given a diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma with at least 5 years of follow-up or documented metastases. Patients were divided into nonaggressive and aggressive groups. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the association of multiple clinical and histologic parameters and metastases. RESULTS We included 141 patients. Significant prognostic factors in univariate analysis associated with nonaggressive disease included history of dysplastic nevus syndrome and ABCDE criteria. Significant factors in univariate analysis associated with aggressive disease included age and immunosuppression. Only age and immunosuppression remained significant in multivariate analysis when controlled across statistically significant histologic variables from AJCC. LIMITATIONS The study is retrospective and has a small sample size. CONCLUSION Older patients and those with a history of immunosuppression may be at higher risk for aggressive disease and should be closely monitored after an initial diagnosis of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Donahue
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christina Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Asmi Sanghvi
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roxana Obregon
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael Sidiropoulos
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chelsea Cooper
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily A Merkel
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Oriol Yélamos
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Laura Ferris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marzese DM, Liu M, Huynh JL, Hirose H, Donovan NC, Huynh KT, Kiyohara E, Chong K, Cheng D, Tanaka R, Morton DL, Barkhoudarian G, Kelly DF, Hoon DS. Brain metastasis is predetermined in early stages of cutaneous melanoma by CD44v6 expression through epigenetic regulation of the spliceosome. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:82-93. [PMID: 25169209 PMCID: PMC4309554 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) is frequent and has a very poor prognosis with no current predictive factors or therapeutic molecular targets. Our study unravels the molecular alterations of cell-surface glycoprotein CD44 variants during melanoma progression to MBM. High expression of CD44 splicing variant 6 (CD44v6) in primary melanoma (PRM) and regional lymph node metastases from AJCC Stage IIIC patients significantly predicts MBM development. The expression of CD44v6 also enhances the migration of MBM cells by hyaluronic acid and hepatocyte growth factor exposure. Additionally, CD44v6-positive MBM migration is reduced by blocking with a CD44v6-specific monoclonal antibody or knocking down CD44v6 by siRNA. ESRP1 and ESRP2 splicing factors correlate with CD44v6 expression in PRM, and ESRP1 knockdown significantly decreases CD44v6 expression. However, an epigenetic silencing of ESRP1 is observed in metastatic melanoma, specifically in MBM. In advanced melanomas, CD44v6 expression correlates with PTBP1 and U2AF2 splicing factors, and PTBP1 knockdown significantly decreases CD44v6 expression. Overall, these findings open a new avenue for understanding the high affinity of melanoma to progress to MBM, suggesting CD44v6 as a potential MBM-specific factor with theranostic utility for stratifying patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego M. Marzese
- Dept of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Michelle Liu
- Dept of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Jamie L. Huynh
- Dept of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Hajime Hirose
- Dept of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Nicholas C. Donovan
- Dept of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Kelly T. Huynh
- Dept of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Eiji Kiyohara
- Dept of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Kelly Chong
- Dept of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - David Cheng
- Dept of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Dept of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Donald L. Morton
- Division of Surgical Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Garni Barkhoudarian
- Brain Tumor Center & Pituitary Disorders Program, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Daniel F. Kelly
- Brain Tumor Center & Pituitary Disorders Program, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| | - Dave S.B. Hoon
- Dept of Molecular Oncology, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cummings PL, Kuo T, Javanbakht M, Sorvillo F. Trends, productivity losses, and associated medical conditions among toxoplasmosis deaths in the United States, 2000-2010. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:959-64. [PMID: 25200264 PMCID: PMC4228893 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have quantified toxoplasmosis mortality, associated medical conditions, and productivity losses in the United States. We examined national multiple cause of death data and estimated productivity losses caused by toxoplasmosis during 2000-2010. A matched case-control analysis examined associations between comorbid medical conditions and toxoplasmosis deaths. In total, 789 toxoplasmosis deaths were identified during the 11-year study period. Blacks and Hispanics had the highest toxoplasmosis mortality compared with whites. Several medical conditions were associated with toxoplasmosis deaths, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lymphoma, leukemia, and connective tissue disorders. The number of toxoplasmosis deaths with an HIV codiagnosis declined from 2000 to 2010; the numbers without such a codiagnosis remained static. Cumulative disease-related productivity losses for the 11-year period were nearly $815 million. Although toxoplasmosis mortality has declined in the last decade, the infection remains costly and is an important cause of preventable death among non-HIV subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Cummings
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tony Kuo
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marjan Javanbakht
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Frank Sorvillo
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Azzarito T, Venturi G, Cesolini A, Fais S. Lansoprazole induces sensitivity to suboptimal doses of paclitaxel in human melanoma. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:697-703. [PMID: 25449440 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor acidity is now considered an important determinant of drug-resistance and tumor progression, and anti-acidic approaches, such as Proton Pump inhibitors (PPIs), have demonstrated promising antitumor and chemo-sensitizing efficacy. The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible PPI-induced sensitization of human melanoma cells to Paclitaxel (PTX). Our results show that PTX and the PPI Lansoprazole (LAN) combination was extremely efficient against metastatic melanoma cells, as compared to the single treatments, both in vitro and in vivo. We also showed that acidity plays an important role on the anti-tumor activity of these drugs, being detrimental for PTX activity, while crucial for the synergistic effect of PTX following pretreatment with LAN, due to its nature of pro-drug needing protonation for a full activation. We obtained straightforward results in a human melanoma xenograft model combining well tolerated LAN doses with suboptimal and poorly toxic doses of PTX. With this study we provide a clear evidence that the PPI LAN may be included in new combined therapy of human melanoma together with low doses of PTX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Azzarito
- Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation, National Institute of Health Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulietta Venturi
- Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation, National Institute of Health Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Albino Cesolini
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Health Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Anti-Tumour Drugs Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicines Evaluation, National Institute of Health Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pastushenko I, Vermeulen PB, Van den Eynden GG, Rutten A, Carapeto FJ, Dirix LY, Van Laere S. Mechanisms of tumour vascularization in cutaneous malignant melanoma: clinical implications. Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:220-33. [PMID: 24641095 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma represents < 10% of all skin cancers but is responsible for the majority of skin-cancer-related deaths. Metastatic melanoma has historically been considered as one of the most therapeutically challenging malignancies. Fortunately, for the first time after decades of basic research and clinical investigation, new drugs have produced major clinical responses. Angiogenesis has been considered an important target for cancer treatment. Initial efforts have focused primarily on targeting endothelial and tumour-related vascular endothelial growth factor signalling. Here, we review different mechanisms of tumour vascularization described in melanoma and discuss the potential clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Pastushenko
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínico Universitario 'Lozano Blesa', Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|