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Tuller M, Arca-Contreras K. Implementation of the Hand Hygiene Eczema Education Program to Improve Patient Knowledge and Symptoms. J Dr Nurs Pract 2023; 16:54-61. [PMID: 36918285 DOI: 10.1891/jdnp-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 hand hygiene recommendation had resulted in a hand eczema -exacerbation. The guidelines of care for the management of hand eczema recommend the use of educational interventions for patients. Objective: An educational intervention was designed to increase the patient's knowledge of appropriate hand hygiene and improve the patient's symptoms. Methods: The validated self-assessment patient-oriented eczema measure tool and pre- and post-tests were used to measure outcomes prior to educational intervention and again in 1-2 months postintervention. Of the 26 participants enrolled, 21 completed the study. The study included newly diagnosed or established patients with eczema, and the education material was available for all patients. Results: The difference between the average pretest and initial posttest was statistically significant (df = 20, P (T ≤ t) = 0.000663535, p < .05). Similarly, the difference between the average pretest and follow-up posttest was also statistically significant (df = 20, P (T ≤ t) < 0.001, p < .05). Participants also had a 2.04 mean point decrease in symptoms severity. Conclusions: The results demonstrated an improvement in patient's knowledge and reduction in symptoms. Implications for Nursing: The program can serve as a new guideline for managing hand eczema symptoms due to COVID-19 in the adult population in the private office setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tuller
- Department of Nursing, College of Staten Island, School of Health Sciences, The City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Karen Arca-Contreras
- Department of Nursing, College of Staten Island, School of Health Sciences, The City University of New York, Staten Island, New York, USA
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Calcagni N, Venier AG, Nasso R, Boudin G, Jarrige B, Parneix P, Quintard B. Respiratory infection prevention: perceptions, barriers and facilitators after SARS-CoV-2. Infect Dis Health 2023; 28:54-63. [PMID: 36123289 PMCID: PMC9420707 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory hygiene, especially in context of COVID-19, is of upmost importance. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) play an important role in the prevention of infections. Their perceptions of the subject are needed to tailor effective communication and training on prevention. METHODS 20 French HCPs were questioned about their perceptions on respiratory hygiene and infections, by the means of recorded semi-structured interviews and a focus group. The interviews and focus group were transcribed then analysed through lexicometric and thematic content analyses. RESULTS HCP discourse revolved around the use of face masks, the prevention and the characteristics of respiratory infections and the means to prevent them.COVID-19 excepted, HCPs considered respiratory infections as benign. They associated respiratory hygiene to the observance of cough etiquette, the preservation of lung health, the act of protecting oneself and others, and the adherence to safety protocols. Main barriers to good practices were organizational ones, such as the lack of consultation and mobilization of HCPs in the development of preventive measures, suboptimal information sharing and the physical and relational constraints of face masks. They advised means of improving communication and information promotion. CONCLUSION Since the pandemic crisis, HCPs have developed a better awareness about the prevention of respiratory infections. Except for COVID-19, respiratory infections are mostly considered as benign. Barriers and facilitators evoked by HCPs will help to build national communication and tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Calcagni
- CHU de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Venier
- Centre d'appui pour la prévention des infections associées aux soins, CPias Nouvelle-Aquitaine, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raymond Nasso
- Centre d'appui pour la prévention des infections associées aux soins, CPias Iles de Guadeloupe, F-97100 Pointe à Pitre, France
| | - Georges Boudin
- Centre d'appui pour la prévention des infections associées aux soins, CPias Nouvelle-Aquitaine, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Jarrige
- Centre d'appui pour la prévention des infections associées aux soins, CPias Iles de Guadeloupe, F-97100 Pointe à Pitre, France
| | - Pierre Parneix
- Centre d'appui pour la prévention des infections associées aux soins, CPias Nouvelle-Aquitaine, CHU de Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bruno Quintard
- Laboratoire de Psychologie EA 4139, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
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Wangchuk T, Kinga, Wangdi U, Tshering U, Wangdi K. Hand Hygiene, Face Mask Use, and Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Pandemic among the Students of Mongar Higher Secondary School, Bhutan: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1058. [PMID: 36673813 PMCID: PMC9859439 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-pharmacological measures, such as hand hygiene and face mask use, continue to play an important role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a paucity of studies on the adherence to these measures among students in Bhutan. Therefore, we aimed to investigate hand hygiene and face mask-wearing behaviours, as well as their associated factors, among the students of Mongar Higher Secondary School, Bhutan. We conducted a cross-sectional study amongst the students of Mongar Higher Secondary School in Bhutan. The students self-answered the questionnaire on web-based Google Forms. Multivariable logistic regression for good hand washing and face mask use was conducted in order to identify statistically significant socio-demographic covariates. The correlation between hand hygiene and mask use was investigated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. A total of 533 students completed the survey questionnaire, 52.9% (282) of whom were female students. Facebook (44.3%, 236) and TV (35.5%, 189) were the two most popular sources of information on COVID-19 prevention and control. Good (scores of ≥80% of total scores) hand hygiene and face mask use were reported in 33.6% (179) and 22.1% (118) of students. In multivariable logistic regression, male students presented 79% (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23−2.613) odds of engaging in good hand hygiene, compared to female students. Compared to grade 9, those in grade 10 were 60% (AOR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.158−0.998) less likely to engage in good hand hygiene. Boarding students presented 68% (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.001, 2.813) higher odds of wearing a face mask compared to day students. There was a significant positive correlation between good hand hygiene and face mask use (r = 0.3671, p-value < 0.001). Good hand hygiene and face mask use were reported in less than one-third of the study participants. It is recommended to continue educating students on good hand hygiene and face mask use through popular information sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kinga
- Mongar Higher Secondary School, Mongar 43002, Bhutan
| | - Ugyen Wangdi
- Mongar Higher Secondary School, Mongar 43002, Bhutan
| | - Ugyen Tshering
- Faculty of Education, University of Canberra, Bruce, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Rahman Zuthi MF, Hossen MA, Pal SK, Mazumder MH, Hasan SMF, Hoque MM. Evaluating knowledge, awareness and associated water usage towards hand hygiene practices influenced by the current COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. GROUNDWATER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2022; 19:100848. [PMID: 36164324 PMCID: PMC9493147 DOI: 10.1016/j.gsd.2022.100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hand hygiene is considered as one of the most effective ways for preventing transmissible diseases, especially for preventing virus-borne diseases. The study has been conducted to evaluate changes in knowledge, awareness and practices of hand hygiene due to the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Bangladesh. The potential factors influencing human behaviours for maintaining hand hygiene have also been explored. Moreover, a probable increase in daily water demand associated with the changed situation has been assessed. An online survey was performed among a total of 367 Bangladeshi residents about their practices of hand hygiene during pre-corona, corona, and of their perceived future practices at post-corona period. It has been observed that a significant percentage (62.1%) of the respondents have received basic hygiene education at any level of their academic education. Nevertheless, their hygiene practices were very poor before the COVID-19 pandemic. The outbreak of the COVID-19 has reinforced their previous knowledge and greatly influenced their behavioural changes towards practicing hand hygiene as per World Health Organization guidelines for preventing the virus outbreak. The changes, however, have created increased water demand. The estimated water usage is found to be 2.68 times (9.15 L/c/d) and 2.52 times (8.59 L/c/d) higher in the corona and post-corona period respectively than that of the pre-corona situation (3.41 L/c/d). The principal component analysis (PCA) elucidated that an individual's practice of hand hygiene was associated with income, level of academic and hygiene education, and the COVID-19 outbreak itself. Moreover, the influence of hygiene education and COVID-19 outbreak affecting the duration of handwashing are found highly significant (p-value < 0.001) from the regression analysis. Raising awareness towards behavioural change of an individual about water usage, improvement of academic curriculum regarding hand hygiene and provision of water pricing are recommended to attain sustainable development goals of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Farzana Rahman Zuthi
- Center for Environmental Science & Engineering Research (CESER), Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arif Hossen
- Center for Environmental Science & Engineering Research (CESER), Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Sudip Kumar Pal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Maruful Hasan Mazumder
- Department of Disaster Engineering and Management, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - S M Farzin Hasan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
| | - Md Muzamamel Hoque
- Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chattogram, 4349, Bangladesh
- Southern University Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
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Alizadeh N, Darjani A, Rafiei R, Gharaeinejad K, Eftekhari H, Bahrami E, Rafiei E. Dermatologic problems associated with personal protective equipment in health-care workers managing COVID-19 patients. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 27:80. [PMID: 36438073 PMCID: PMC9693753 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_921_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of health-care workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic is a major concern worldwide. Dermatological problems due to personal protective equipment are annoying issues. We aimed to evaluate dermatological adverse events following the use of these protections in HCWs managing COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty-six workers managing COVID-19 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We conducted face-to-face interviews to collect the data and focused mainly on protection type and mucocutaneous symptoms with new onset or exaggeration after this equipment. RESULTS Dermatological problems following protective equipment usage occurred mainly during the 1st week (65.4%). The most common site of skin involvement was the nose (82.7%) and the most frequent visible complaints were the pressure effect and erythema on the nose in 80.8% and 57.7% of cases, respectively. There was a significant association between mask type and facial skin problems (P < 0.001). The main symptoms were itching (21.8% scalp, 39.1% face and body) and burning sensation (14.1% scalp, 23.7% face and body). Skin desquamation (37.2%) and dorsal hand dermatitis (41.66%) were significantly more frequent in atopic participants (P = 0.02 and P = 0.01, respectively). Hand involvement was significantly associated with frequency of hand washing (odds ratio = 1.97, 95% confidence interval = 1.04-3.74, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION We found that skin problems related to protective equipment were common and frequently located on the face mainly due to facial masks. These complications should be prevented by proper use of this equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Alizadeh
- Skin Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Abbas Darjani
- Skin Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Rana Rafiei
- Skin Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Rana Rafiei, Department of Dermatology, Skin Research Center, School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rana Rafiei, Rasht, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Kaveh Gharaeinejad
- Skin Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hojat Eftekhari
- Skin Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Elahe Bahrami
- Skin Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Elahe Rafiei
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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AlGhobaishi A, Alzabin H, Alhazmi A, Mousa AH, AlThagafi H, Alghamdi M, Khawaji A, Albenayan E, Zailaie R, Almaghrabi RH, Garout MA. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hand hygiene adherence among pediatric physicians, in Saudi Arabia. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 82:104518. [PMID: 36092858 PMCID: PMC9444314 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The hand hygiene practice (HHP) is the most effective and simplest preventive measure to reduce the risk of infection. HHP is more relevant among pediatric physicians in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic since, children are more vulnerable to infection. Therefore, assessment of the COVID-19 impact on HHP could be useful in minimizing lethal virus transmission from pediatric physicians to patients and vice versa. Method The present cross-sectional, electronically self-administered supplement based survey study was conducted among different professional levels of pediatric physicians involving consultants, specialists, and residents. The supplement includes information related to demography, knowledge, awareness, preventive measures, demonstration and practice of HHP. The information was collected and summarized on a Microsoft excel sheet before being imported to SPSS for statistical analysis. Results Of the total (N = 404) pediatric physicians, 56.68% male, 43.06% belongs to 25–35 years, 42.32% were consultants, 98.01% respondents were familiar with five moments of HHP. Further, HHP immediately before touching patients (99.26%), clean/aseptic procedure (95.04%), after body fluid exposure (72.28%), after touching patients (98.01%), after touching surrounding of patients (74.75%) may prevent germ transmission to patients whereas HHP after touching patients (98.27%), before clean/aseptic procedure (67.57%), after exposure to immediate surroundings of patients (97.02%) may prevent germ transmission to pediatric physicians. Rubbing hands is preferred before palpation of abdomen (74.25%), before giving injection (56.68%), after removing gloves (61.88%), after making a patient's bed (47.80%), while washing of hands preferred after emptying bedpan (67.82%) and after visible exposure to blood (84.40%), 92.57% believed gloves can't replace HHP, posters display at point of care as reminders (95.30%), received frequent HHP education (82.92%), 50.49% do not need HHP reminder, 51.73% preferred alcohol based sanitizer, 53.46% facilitate daily morning huddle, HHP >10 times per day before COVID-19 (24.62%) while in COIVID-19 (56.44%). HPP is the most effective way to prevent the spread (98.01%) of microbes because it kills germs (90.35%), health care associated infections is the major (38.06%) cause of germ transmission, 86.88% will be remains committed to HHP even after pandemic. In comparison to residents and specialists, consultants gave more importance (p = 0.02) to HHP and were more adherent during (p = 0.007) and even after (p = 0.001) COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion Assessing knowledge of pediatric physician, awareness, and adherence to hand hygiene measures could be helpful to reduce the contact transmission of lethal viruses to patients and vice versa. Further increase in the awareness, knowledge and education of HHP are required in order to maximize its utilization. The hand hygiene practice (HHP) is the most effective and simplest preventive measure to reduce the risk of infection. Of the total (N = 404) pediatric physicians, 56.68% male, 43.06% belongs to 25–35 years, 42.32% were consultants, 98.01% respondents were familiar with five moments of HHP. Assessing knowledge of pediatric physician, awareness, and adherence to hand hygiene measures could be helpful to reduce the contact transmission of lethal viruses to patients and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah AlGhobaishi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author. Pediatric intensivist Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Armed Forces, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Haifa Alzabin
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Alhazmi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hafez Mousa
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Children's Health Center, Department of Pediatrics, International Medical Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem AlThagafi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alghamdi
- Emergency Department, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeeb Khawaji
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eyad Albenayan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Armed Forces, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roaa Zailaie
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Disease, King Fahad Armed Forces, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A. Garout
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI) Control Leader, Saudi Arabia
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Symanzik C, Stasielowicz L, Brans R, Skudlik C, John SM. Prevention of occupational hand eczema in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a controlled intervention study. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87:500-510. [PMID: 35989622 PMCID: PMC9538141 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational hand eczema (HE) is common among healthcare workers (HCWs) and has - in some regions of the world - increased during the COVID-19 pandemic due to related hygiene measures. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of an intervention for HE prevention in HCWs during the pandemic. METHODS A prospective, controlled, unblinded interventional trial was conducted in 302 HCWs. The intervention group (IG) (n = 135) received online-based health education and free access to hand cleansing and hand care products. The control group (CG) (n = 167) did not receive any intervention within the study. At baseline (T0), after three (T1) and six (T2) months, participants completed standardised questionnaires. The Osnabrueck Hand Eczema Severity Index (OHSI) was assessed at T0 and T2. RESULTS During the observation period, there were no new HE cases in the IG (n = 115) and 12 cases (8.8%) in the CG (n = 136). OHSI values at T2 were lower in the IG (b = -1.44, P < 0.001). Daily use of emollients was higher at work (b = 1.73, P < 0.001) and at home (b = 1.62, P < 0.001) in the IG at T2. CONCLUSIONS The intervention was effective in HE prevention and improving skin care behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Symanzik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | | | - Richard Brans
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christoph Skudlik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Swen M John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
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Graça A, Martins AM, Ribeiro HM, Marques Marto J. Indirect consequences of coronavirus disease 2019: Skin lesions caused by the frequent hand sanitation and use of personal protective equipment and strategies for their prevention. J Dermatol 2022; 49:805-817. [PMID: 35567311 PMCID: PMC9347758 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) enforced the use of hand sanitation and of personal protective equipment, such as masks and visors, especially by health‐care professionals, but also by the general public. However, frequent hand sanitation and the prolonged and continuous use of personal protective equipment are responsible for constant frictional and pressure forces on skin causing lesions, the most reported being acne, facial itching, dryness, and rash. Thus, it is important to find measures to prevent skin lesions, in order to improve the quality of life of health‐care professionals and of the general public. This article gathers the current information regarding measures to prevent human to human transmission of COVID‐19, reviews the most common skin lesions caused by the use of hand sanitizers and different types of personal protective equipment, and the possible preventive measures that can be used on a daily basis to minimize the risk of developing skin‐related pathologies. Daily skin care routines and the incorporation of a dressing between the skin and the personal protective equipment to serve as a protective barrier are some of the applied measures. Moisturizers and dressings improve the skin's ability to respond to constant aggressions. Lastly, the need for additional studies to evaluate the lubrication properties of different types of dressings is discussed. The understanding of what kind of dressing is more suitable to prevent pressure injuries is crucial to promote healthy skin and wellbeing during pandemic times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Graça
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Martins
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helena Margarida Ribeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Marques Marto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Cosansu NC, Yuksekal G, Kutlu O, Umaroglu M, Yaldız M, Dikicier BS. The Change in The Frequency and Severity of Facial Dermatoses and Complaints in Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:3200-3205. [PMID: 35509253 PMCID: PMC9347995 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to a dramatic increase in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, the increased use of PPEs may lead to facial skin complaints. Aims This survey study aims to evaluate the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on facial dermatoses and complaints. Methods A total of 1017 volunteers (age 18–60 years), consisting of healthcare workers, participated in the study. In the present study, healthcare professionals were screened for facial dermatoses and complaints between 1 and 15 April 2021 with an online survey. Results The vast majority of the survey were women (82.4%) and between 26 and 35 years old (49.2%). The most new‐onset facial complaints were acne (25.3%) and lip dryness (29.2%). Along with the pandemic, 50.9% of patients with seborrheic dermatitis had an increase in lesions. Another remarkable result was a 60.5% increase in acne complaints. Moreover, the rate of exacerbations of rosacea, melasma, and lip dryness was increased after the COVID‐19 pandemic (39.1%, 22.0%, and 42.7%, respectively). Exacerbations of seborrheic dermatitis, acne, and lip dryness have occurred more frequently in females when compared to males (p < 0.001). Conclusions The current pandemic has had serious impacts on facial dermatoses which had to be managed carefully. Compared to the pre‐pandemic period, there was a significant increase in the frequency and severity of complaints in facial dermatoses related to PPE. If the complaints that may develop due to PPE are known in advance, their development can be prevented by taking precautions against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Cihan Cosansu
- Sakarya University, Education and Research Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Gulcan Yuksekal
- Yenikent State Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Omer Kutlu
- Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology
| | - Mutlu Umaroglu
- Sakarya University, Sakarya Medical Faculty, Department of Biostatistics, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mahizer Yaldız
- Sakarya University, Education and Research Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Bahar Sevimli Dikicier
- Sakarya University, Education and Research Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Sakarya, Turkey
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La Russa R, Fazio V, Ferrara M, Di Fazio N, Viola RV, Piras G, Ciano G, Micheletta F, Frati P. Proactive Risk Assessment Through Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) for Haemodialysis Facilities: A Pilot Project. Front Public Health 2022; 10:823680. [PMID: 35400067 PMCID: PMC8987154 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.823680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemodialysis (HD) is one of the methods for renal replacement therapy in the management of advanced chronic kidney disease through an osmosis process that allows purification of blood in the dialysis machine. The complexity of the dialytic procedure often requires the presence of a multi-specialist, multi-disciplinary team. The dialysis process is an important target for clinical risk management. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) is a proactive technique, considered a purposeful and dynamic tool for clinical risk management. FMEA is noted in five phases that allow a preliminary assessment of a definite process through identification and classification of risk priorities. This study represents the first of a two-phase project where FMEA is applied to HD in the setting of San Feliciano Hospital. The dialysis center performs ~12,000 dialysis sessions per year. The dialysis process is divided into different stages. A total of 31 failure modes were identified in the whole dialysis stages; more than 2/3 of the failure modes were related to the only connecting of the patient to the dialysis machine. The first phase of the study clearly remarked that the most critical step of the dialytic process is represented by the connection between the patient and the machine, as expected. Indeed, in order to have the dialysis set up, an arteriovenous fistula must be surgically created prior to the procedure and it is one of the most important issues in the HD process because of the necessity of a constant revision of it. FMEA application to HD is a useful tool, easy to be implemented and it is likely to nimbly reveal the practical and potential solutions to the critical steps of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Forensic Pathology, University of Foggia, Ospedale Colonnello D'Avanzo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Valentina Fazio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Forensic Pathology, University of Foggia, Ospedale Colonnello D'Avanzo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Fazio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nicola Di Fazio
| | - Rocco Valerio Viola
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Piras
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Frati
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Pourani M, Ganji R, Dashti T, Dadkhahfar S, Gheisari M, Abdollahimajd F, Dadras MS. [Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Atopic Dermatitis]. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2022; 113:T286-T293. [PMID: 34565802 PMCID: PMC8450133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease that may be triggered by psychological conditions and several allergens. Patients with AD may be experienced disease exacerbation due to the COVID-19 pandemic lifestyle including home-quarantine and increased stress. We obtained the electronic data of 100 AD patients admitted to our hospital from 2016 to 2019 and called them with specific phone line.Out of 100 patients, 43 were male, and 57 were female (mean age ± SD: 45.85 ± 16.90). Sixty patients (37 females and 23males; mean age: 42.22± 14.71) confronted disease flare-up during the COVID-19 era. Exacerbation of AD was correlated with treatment dose alteration, a lengthy history of atopic dermatitis, eczema duration, self-isolation, frequent handwashing, hand disinfection, and POEM scoring (P < 0.05). Regarding the POEM scoring, 61 patients with moderate to severe AD experienced higher anxiety than 39 patients with silent to mild AD (p = 0.013).In this study, most patients experienced disease exacerbation and perceived mild anxiety in this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.R. Pourani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teherán, Irán
| | - R. Ganji
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teherán, Irán
| | - T. Dashti
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teherán, Irán
| | - S. Dadkhahfar
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teherán, Irán
| | - M. Gheisari
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teherán, Irán
| | - F. Abdollahimajd
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teherán, Irán,Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teherán, Irán,Autor para correspondencia
| | - M. Shahidi Dadras
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Teherán, Irán
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12
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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2022; 113:286-293. [PMID: 35153299 PMCID: PMC8824324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin disease that may be triggered by psychological conditions and several allergens. Patients with AD may be experienced disease exacerbation due to the COVID-19 pandemic lifestyle including home-quarantine and increased stress. We obtained the electronic data of 100 AD patients admitted to our hospital from 2016 to 2019 and called them with specific phone line. Out of 100 patients, 43 were male, and 57 were female (mean age ± SD: 45.85 ± 16.90). Sixty patients (37 females and 23males; mean age: 42.22 ± 14.71) confronted disease flare-up during the COVID-19 era. Exacerbation of AD was correlated with treatment dose alteration, a lengthy history of atopic dermatitis, eczema duration, self-isolation, frequent handwashing, hand disinfection, and POEM scoring (P < 0.05). Regarding the POEM scoring, 61 patients with moderate to severe AD experienced higher anxiety than 39 patients with silent to mild AD (P = 0.013). In this study, most patients experienced disease exacerbation and perceived mild anxiety in this pandemic.
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13
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Impact of Water Exposure and Temperature Changes on Skin Barrier Function. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020298. [PMID: 35053992 PMCID: PMC8778033 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of hand hygiene has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but there is little evidence regarding the impact of water exposure and temperature on skin. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of water exposure and temperature on skin barrier function in healthy individuals. A prospective observational study was conducted. Temperature, pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) were measured objectively before and after hot- and cold-water exposure and TempTest® (Microcaya TempTest, Bilbao, Spain) contact. Fifty healthy volunteers were enrolled. Hot-water exposure increased TEWL (25.75 vs. 58.58 g·h-1·m-2), pH (6.33 vs. 6.65) and erythema (249.45 vs. 286.34 AU). Cold-water immersion increased TEWL (25.75 vs. 34.96 g·h-1·m-2) and pH (6.33 vs. 6.62). TEWL (7.99 vs. 9.98 g·h-1·m-2) and erythema (209.07 vs. 227.79 AU) increased after being in contact with the hot region (44 °C) of the TempTest. No significant differences were found after contact with the cold region (4 °C) of the TempTest. In conclusion, long and continuous water exposure damages skin barrier function, with hot water being even more harmful. It would be advisable to use cold or lukewarm water for handwashing and avoid hot water. Knowing the proper temperature for hand washing might be an important measure to prevent flares in patients with previous inflammatory skin diseases on their hands.
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14
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Montero-Vilchez T, Martinez-Lopez A, Cuenca-Barrales C, Quiñones-Vico MI, Sierra-Sanchez A, Molina-Leyva A, Gonçalo M, Cambil-Martin J, Arias-Santiago S. Assessment of hand hygiene strategies on skin barrier function during COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized clinical trial. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 86:276-285. [PMID: 34954837 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 has increased the frequency of hand washing. There is scarce evidence regarding the impact of different hand hygiene procedures on skin barrier function in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To compare the impact on skin barrier function of different hand hygiene measures in health care workers in daily practice. METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. Participants were randomized to sanitize their hands with water and soap, alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) or disinfectant wipes during their 8-hour work-shift. Epidermal barrier functional parameters, like transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and the microbial load were assessed before and immediately after the workday. Tolerance and acceptability of each product were recorded after work. RESULTS Sixty-two participants were included and 20, 21 and 21 were randomized respectively to use water and soap, ABHS and disinfectant wipes. After the 8-hour shift, TEWL increase was higher with disinfectant wipes than with soaps or ABHS (+5.45vs + 3.87vs-1.46 g·h-1 ·m-2 respectively, P = .023). Bacteria and fungi colony-forming unit (CFU) count reduction was lower for water and soap group than for ABHS and disinfectant wipes. Disinfectant wipes were considered more difficult to use (P = .013) compared to water and soap and ABHS. CONCLUSION Daily hand hygiene with ABHS showed the lowest rates of skin barrier disruption and the highest reduction of CFU. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad Montero-Vilchez
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Martinez-Lopez
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Cuenca-Barrales
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Maria I Quiñones-Vico
- Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Granada, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alvaro Sierra-Sanchez
- Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Molina-Leyva
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Margarida Gonçalo
- Serviço de Dermatologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra.,Serviço de Dermatologia. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Salvador Arias-Santiago
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Granada, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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15
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Meng X, Wang X, Meng S, Wang Y, Liu H, Liang D, Fan W, Min H, Huang W, Chen A, Zhu H, Peng G, Liu J, Qiu Z, Wang T, Yang L, Wei Y, Huo P, Zhang D, Liu Y. A Global Overview of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater: Detection, Treatment, and Prevention. ACS ES&T WATER 2021; 1:2174-2185. [PMID: 37566346 PMCID: PMC8457323 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.1c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has attracted global attention due to its highly infectious and pathogenic properties. Most of current studies focus on aerosols released from infected individuals, but the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater also should be examined. In this review, we used bibliometrics to statistically evaluate the importance of water-related issues in the context of COVID-19. The results show that the levels and transmission possibilities of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater are the main concerns, followed by potential secondary pollution by the intensive use of disinfectants, sludge disposal, and the personal safety of workers. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater requires more attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the most effective techniques, i.e., wastewater-based epidemiology and quantitative microbial risk assessment, for virus surveillance in wastewater are systematically analyzed. We further explicitly review and analyze the successful operation of a sewage treatment plant in Huoshenshan Hospital in China as an example and reference for other sewage treatment systems to properly ensure discharge safety and tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. This review offers deeper insight into the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 and similar viruses in the post-COVID-19 era from a wastewater perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghao Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xuye Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Meng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hongju Liu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Liang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Hongping Min
- China Construction Third Bureau Green
Industry Investment Company, Ltd., Wuhan 430035, P. R.
China
| | - Wenhai Huang
- China Construction Third Bureau Green
Industry Investment Company, Ltd., Wuhan 430035, P. R.
China
| | - Anming Chen
- China Construction Third Bureau Green
Industry Investment Company, Ltd., Wuhan 430035, P. R.
China
| | - Haijun Zhu
- China Construction Third Bureau Green
Industry Investment Company, Ltd., Wuhan 430035, P. R.
China
| | - Guanping Peng
- China Construction Third Bureau Green
Industry Investment Company, Ltd., Wuhan 430035, P. R.
China
| | - Jun Liu
- China Construction Third Bureau Green
Industry Investment Company, Ltd., Wuhan 430035, P. R.
China
| | - Zhenhuan Qiu
- China Construction Third Bureau Green
Industry Investment Company, Ltd., Wuhan 430035, P. R.
China
| | - Tao Wang
- China Construction Third Bureau Green
Industry Investment Company, Ltd., Wuhan 430035, P. R.
China
| | - Linyan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,
East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai
200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and
Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Science, Beijing 100012, P. R. China
| | - Peishu Huo
- School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue,
Singapore 639798
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16
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Hayashi K, Mori I, Takeda K, Okada Y, Hayase A, Mori T, Nishioka Y, Manabe K. Analysis of hand environment factors contributing to the hand surface infection barrier imparted by lactic acid. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27:1135-1144. [PMID: 34532902 PMCID: PMC9293006 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organic acids on the surface of human hands contribute to the barrier against transient pathogens. This is the first study to explore the synergistic contribution of lactic acid and other hand environment-related features on the antibacterial properties of the hand surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS We estimated the contribution of fingerprint depth, skin pH, stratum corneum water content, skin temperature, and sweat rate of the hands to the infection barrier using an observational survey of 105 subjects. The relationship between each factor and the antibacterial activity of the hands was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. We performed molecular dynamics simulations to study the interaction between lactic acid and bacterial membranes. RESULTS The amount of lactic acid on the hands and skin temperature contributed positively to the antimicrobial activity (r = 0.437 and P = 3.18 × 10-6 , r = 0.500 and P = 5.66 × 10-8 , respectively), while the skin pH contributed negatively (r = -0.471, P = 3.99 × 10-7 ). The predicted value of the combined antimicrobial effect of these parameters was [antimicrobial activity] = 0.21 × [lactic acid] - 0.25 × [skin pH] + 0.26 × [skin temperature] + 0.98. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) was 0.50. CONCLUSION The increase in the amount of non-ionic lactic acid due to lower pH and improvement in the fluidity of the cell membrane due to higher temperatures enable the efficient transport of lactic acid into cells and subsequent antimicrobial activity. The proposed mechanism could help to develop an effective hand infection barrier technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Hayashi
- Personal Health Care Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Mori
- Personal Health Care Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouske Takeda
- Analytical Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Okada
- Personal Health Care Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hayase
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takuya Mori
- Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishioka
- Personal Health Care Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Manabe
- Personal Health Care Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Keng BMH, Gan WH, Tam YC, Oh CC. Personal protective equipment-related occupational dermatoses during COVID-19 among health care workers: A worldwide systematic review. JAAD Int 2021; 5:85-95. [PMID: 34485949 PMCID: PMC8407949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occupational dermatoses caused by personal protective equipment (PPE) in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are emerging occupational health challenges that must be promptly and effectively addressed to ease burden on our health care workers. Objective A systematic review was conducted to determine common PPE-related dermatoses, affected body sites, and implicated occupational contactants. We further proposed solutions to mitigate this problem. Methods Online databases were searched for articles on PPE-related dermatoses in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic written in English and published from January 1, 2020, to January 30, 2021. Results Sixteen studies, including a total of 3958 participants, were included. The most common dermatoses were xerosis, pressure-related erythema, and contact dermatitis, mainly affecting the face and hands. The most widely implicated contactants were increased frequency of hand hygiene, gloves, N95 masks, and goggles. Proposed solutions were categorized as individual self-care, protection of the workforce, and long-term preventive measures. Conclusion Through measures such as regular basic skin care education, early access to specialty clinics via telemedicine, and designing of better-fit PPE, the challenges posed by PPE-related occupational dermatoses can be significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wee Hoe Gan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yew Chong Tam
- Education Resource Centre, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Chiat Oh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Techasatian L, Thaowandee W, Chaiyarit J, Uppala R, Sitthikarnkha P, Paibool W, Charoenwat B, Wongmast P, Laoaroon N, Suphakunpinyo C, Kiatchoosakun P, Kosalaraksa P. Hand Hygiene Habits and Prevalence of Hand Eczema During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211018013. [PMID: 34009056 PMCID: PMC8138294 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211018013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of and possible risk factors for
hand eczema with respect to the dissemination of information about new hand
hygiene habits to protect against ongoing COVID-19 cross-transmission. The
authors conducted a survey among health care workers (HCWs) and non-HCW
populations in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Results: A total of 805 participants participated. The prevalence of hand eczema in
the study population was 20.87%. There were several risk factors, including
working as a HCW, having a history of previous hand eczema, having
underlying atopic dermatitis, wearing gloves in everyday life, and washing
hands frequently (more than 10 times/day). Hand hygiene with alcohol-based
products was shown to be a risk factor for hand eczema, (OR (95% CI) 1.86
(1.03-3.35), P = .04). Conclusion: In terms of hand eczema prevention, we suggest that the use of alcohol-based
products should be discontinued if other handwashing methods are available.
The following factors increase the risk of hand eczema: being a HCW, having
previous hand eczema, and having underlying atopic dermatitis. Proper
strategies in terms of hand eczema prevention should be addressed,
especially in this group, since we need to continue performing hand hygiene
during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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19
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Montero-Vilchez T, Cuenca-Barrales C, Martinez-Lopez A, Molina-Leyva A, Arias-Santiago S. Skin adverse events related to personal protective equipment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1994-2006. [PMID: 34077565 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global pandemic that has spread all over the word. To avoid the virus transmission, healthcare workers must wear adequate personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE is associated with several side events, including skin reactions. The objective of this study was to summarize the prevalence, type and risk factors for cutaneous adverse events related to PPE and prevention measures to avoid them. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using MEDLINE, Scopus and EMBASE databases from conception to 21 January 2021. All types of epidemiological studies regarding skin adverse events related to PPE were included. The literature search identified 1007 references, 35 of them met the eligible criteria and were included for analysis, representing 31 453 participants. The media of skin side events related to PPE was 75.13%. The rate of cutaneous adverse events related to mask was 57.71%, and those associated with gloves and hand hygiene products was 49.16%. Most common skin adverse events were contact dermatitis, acne and itching. The most damaged anatomical regions were the nasal bridge, the cheeks and the hands. The duration of PPE wearing was the most common risk factor. Frequent handwashing, gloves and masks were the agents most frequently related to skin reactions. N95 respirators were the most harmful mask type for the skin. Hydrocolloid use prevented from developing skin adverse events related to masks. In conclusion, the rate of cutaneous adverse events related to PPE use is high. A longer duration of PPE wearing was the most common risk factor. Using hydrocolloid could prevent from skin injuries related to mask use.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Montero-Vilchez
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - C Cuenca-Barrales
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - A Martinez-Lopez
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - A Molina-Leyva
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - S Arias-Santiago
- Department of Dermatology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.,Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Granada, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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20
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Hand Dermatitis in the Time of COVID-19: A Review of Occupational Irritant Contact Dermatitis. Dermatitis 2021; 32:86-93. [PMID: 33606414 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Occupational contact dermatitis accounts for 95% of all cases of occupational skin disease with irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) constituting 80% to 90% of these cases. Health care workers, hairdressers, and food service workers are typically most affected by occupational ICD of the hands as these occupations require frequent hand hygiene and/or prolonged exposure to water, also known as "wet work." In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, frequent hand hygiene has become a global recommendation for all individuals, and new workplace guidelines for hand sanitization and surface sterilization are affecting occupations not previously considered at risk of excessive wet work including grocery or retail workers, postal workers, sanitization workers, and others. In this review, we discuss the etiology and pathogenesis of occupational ICD with additional focus on treatment and interventions that can be made at an institutional and even national level for education and prevention of ICD resulting from frequent hand hygiene.
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21
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Bakkar MM, Alzghoul EA. Assessment of contact lens wearers' attitude toward contact lens wear and care during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A cross-sectional online survey. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:101410. [PMID: 33461877 PMCID: PMC7832052 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several reports have provided conflicting recommendations regarding contact lenses (CL) use during COVID-19, causing confusion among CL wearers. The aim of this study is to assess CL wearers' attitudes toward CL wear and care during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A web-based cross-sectional online survey was used to assess the participants' attitude toward CL wear and care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey layout was based on Google form® specifically developed for CL wearers. Demographic characteristics and CL history and profile were also collected for each participant. RESULTS A total of 196 CL wearers completed the online survey with an average age was 26 (± 4.1) and 90.8 % of participants were females. As reported by the participants, social media was the main source of information about COVID-19. 38.8 % of the study population reported stopping CL wear during the pandemic. The main stated reason for lens discontinuation was decreased social activities during the pandemic. 61.2 % of participants continued lens wear, with the majority reported considerable changes in their behaviors toward CL wear and care during the pandemic. This includes reinforced hands cleaning before and after lens wear, disinfecting of CLs and CL case and less frequent CL aftercare visits. CONCLUSION The majority of the study population have continued CL wear during the pandemic. Contact lens wearers reported profound changes in attitudes toward CL wear including improved care and maintenance. Additionally, changes in CL purchase habit have been reported with more tendency for online purchase. CL cessation has been associated with several perceived reasons mainly attributed to reduced outdoor activity and fear of ocular infection. Levels of compliance among CL wearers should be assessed and reinforced during the current pandemic and similar lockdown situation to reduce possible CL-related complications and dropout.
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Affiliation(s)
- May M Bakkar
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan.
| | - Eman A Alzghoul
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Abstract
The first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran were detected on February 19, 2020. Soon the entire country was hit with the virus. Although dermatologists were not immediately the frontline health care workers, all aspects of their practice were drastically affected. Adapting to this unprecedented crisis required urgent appropriate responses. With preventive measures and conserving health care resources being the most essential priorities, dermatologists, as an integral part of the health system, needed to adapt their practices according to the latest guidelines. The spectrum of the challenges encompassed education, teledermatology, lasers, and other dermatologic procedures, as well as management of patients who were immunosuppressed or developed drug reactions and, most importantly, the newly revealed cutaneous signs of COVID-19. These challenges have paved the way for new horizons in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Daneshpazhooh
- Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - HamidReza Mahmoudi
- Department of Dermatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Antiseptic drugs and disinfectants with special scrutiny of COVID-19 pandemic related side effects. SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ANNUAL 2021. [PMCID: PMC8488688 DOI: 10.1016/bs.seda.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review covers publications during the period of January 2020 to December 2020 on adverse reactions to antiseptic drugs and disinfectants. Specific agents discussed are alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol), aldehydes (formaldehyde), guanidines (chlorhexidine, polyhexamethylene guanidine, and polyhexamethylene biguanidine), benzalkonium compounds, triclocarban, povidone-iodine, and sodium hypochlorite. No new data were identified for glutaraldehyde, cetrimide, ethylene oxide, tosylchloramide, triclosan, iodine, and phenolic compounds. The use of antiseptic drugs and disinfectants has been considerably increased during 2020 in a variety of medical and occupational settings, in commerce and gastronomy, as well as in the household, due to their antiviral properties against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Exposure was additionally increased by widespread misinformation on social media for non-evidence based disinfectant use, even including ingestion or injection, as well as by questionable practices such as environmental spraying or disinfectant gates. Irritant effects on the respiratory system, skin and eyes were the most common adverse reaction, while the widespread and sometimes excessive use led to increased reports of poisonings, as well as cases of disinfectant adulteration including dilution into ineffective concentrations or addition of toxic agents such as methanol.
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24
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Lee HC, Goh CL. 'Occupational dermatoses from Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic in the tropics - A Review'. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:589-596. [PMID: 32894602 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has enveloped the world and there has been a high incidence of occupational dermatoses related to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) during this period. Prevention and management of these conditions will not only improve staff morale and quality of life, but will also minimize the risk of breaching PPE protocol due to such symptoms. The tropical climate in Singapore predisposes HCWs to more skin damage and pruritus due to intense heat, high humidity and sun exposure. The effects of friction, occlusion, hyperhidrosis and overheating on the skin in the tropics should not be neglected. Preventive measures can be taken based on our recommendations, and the working environment can be made more conducive for frontline HCWs. We review the literature and discuss various preventive and management strategies for these occupational skin diseases for our frontline HCWs, especially those working in less controlled working environments beyond the hospital in Singapore. Shorter shifts and frequent breaks from PPE are recommended. Duration of continuous PPE-usage should not exceed 6 h, with breaks in non-contaminated areas every 2-3 h to hydrate and mitigate the risk of skin reactions. Other strategies, such as teledermatology, should be considered so that consultations can remain accessible, while ensuring the safety and well-being of our clinical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lee
- Dermatology Department, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - C L Goh
- National Skin Centre, Singapore
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25
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Haque M, McKimm J, Sartelli M, Dhingra S, Labricciosa FM, Islam S, Jahan D, Nusrat T, Chowdhury TS, Coccolini F, Iskandar K, Catena F, Charan J. Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Narrative Overview. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:1765-1780. [PMID: 33061710 PMCID: PMC7532064 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s269315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a major source of morbidity and mortality and are the second most prevalent cause of death. Furthermore, it has been reported that for every one-hundred patients admitted to hospital, seven patients in high-income economies and ten in emerging and low-income economies acquire at least one type of HCAI. Currently, almost all pathogenic microorganisms have developed antimicrobial resistance, and few new antimicrobials are being developed and brought to market. The literature search for this narrative review was performed by searching bibliographic databases (including Google Scholar and PubMed) using the search terms: "Strategies," "Prevention," and "Healthcare-Associated Infections," followed by snowballing references cited by critical articles. We found that although hand hygiene is a centuries-old concept, it is still the primary strategy used around the world to prevent HCAIs. It forms one of a bundle of approaches used to clean and maintain a safe hospital environment and to stop the transmission of contagious and infectious microorganisms, including multidrug-resistant microbes. Finally, antibiotic stewardship also has a crucial role in reducing the impact of HCAIs through conserving currently available antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Haque
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Judy McKimm
- Medical Education, Swansea University School of Medicine, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Massimo Sartelli
- Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, Italy
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- School of Pharmacy, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Uriah Butler Highway, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies
| | | | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Dilshad Jahan
- Department of Hematology, Asgar Ali Hospital, Dhaka 1204, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzina Nusrat
- Department of Microbiology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram 4203, Bangladesh
| | | | - Federico Coccolini
- Department of General Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Katia Iskandar
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fausto Catena
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Parma Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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