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Waichman AV, Nunes GSDS, de Oliveira R, López-Heras I, Rico A. Human health risks associated to trace elements and metals in commercial fish from the Brazilian Amazon. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:230-242. [PMID: 39095160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Fish constitutes the main protein source for the Amazonian population. However, the impact of different anthropogenic activities on trace element and metal accumulation in fish and their risks for human health at a regional scale remain largely unexplored. Here we assessed exposure levels of 10 trace elements and metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) in 56 samples belonging to 11 different species of fish from the Brazilian Amazon. We studied the relationship between exposure levels, fish origin, and fish feeding habits, and assessed toxicological and carcinogenic risks for the Amazonian population. No significant correlation was found between sampling site and exposure levels to the studied elements, but a significant difference was found between the accumulation of some metals and the position of the fish species in the food chain. The concentrations of Cr and Hg in fish flesh were found to exceed the Brazilian limits for human consumption. This study shows that current fish consumption patterns can lead to estimated daily intakes of Hg, As and Cr that exceed the oral reference dose, thus posing a toxicological concern. Furthermore, carcinogenic risks may be expected due to the continued exposure to Cr and As. The results of this study show that the consumption of wild caught fish in the Amazon region should be controlled. Moreover, continued monitoring of trace element and metal contamination in fish and on the health of the Amazonian population is recommended, particularly for riverine and indigenous communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V Waichman
- Federal University of the Amazon, Institute of Biological Sciences, Av. Rodrigo Ramos 3000, Manaus 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Silva de Souza Nunes
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Zoology, Av. Prof Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Rhaul de Oliveira
- University of Campinas, School of Technology, Rua Paschoal Marmo 1888 - Jd. Nova Itália, Limeira 13484-332, Brazil
| | - Isabel López-Heras
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Av. Punto Com 2, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Madrid, Spain; Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/ Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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2
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Ben Khemis I, Aouaini F, Knani S, Saad Al-Mugren K, Ben Lamine A. Microscopic and macroscopic analysis of hexavalent chromium adsorption on polypyrrole-polyaniline@rice husk ash adsorbent using statistical physics modeling. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37061. [PMID: 39319120 PMCID: PMC11419908 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper contributed with new findings to understand and characterize a heavy metal adsorption on a composite adsorbent. The synthesized polypyrrole-polyaniline@rice husk ash (PPY-PANI@RHA) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI). The adsorption isotherms of Cr(VI) ions on PPY-PANI@RHA were experimentally determined at pH 2, and at different adsorption temperatures (293, 303, and 313 K). Multi-layer model developed using statistical physics formalism was applied to theoretically analyze and characterize the different interactions and ion exchanges during the adsorption process for the elimination of this toxic metal from aqueous solutions, and to attribute new physicochemical interpretation of the process of adsorption. The physicochemical structures and properties of the synthesized PPY-PANI@RHA were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Fitting findings showed that the mechanism of adsorption of Cr(VI) on PPY-PANI@RHA was a multi-ionic mechanism, where one binding site may be occupied by one and two ions. It may also be noticed that the temperature augmentation generated the activation of more functional groups of the composite adsorbent, facilitating the interactions of metal ions with the binding sites and the access to smaller pore. The energetic characterization suggested that the mechanism of adsorption of the investigated systems was exothermic and Cr(VI) ions were physisorbed on PPY-PANI@RHA surface via electrostatic interaction, reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), hydrogen bonding, and ion exchange. Overall, the utilization of the theory of statistical physics provided fruitful and profounder analysis of the adsorption mechanism. The estimation of the pore size distribution (PSD) of the polypyrrole-polyaniline@rice husk ash using the statistical physics approach was considered stereographic characterization of the adsorbent (here PPY-PANI@RHA was globally a meso-porous adsorbent). Lastly, the mechanism of Cr(VI) removal from wastewater using PPY-PANI@RHA as adsorbent was macroscopically investigated via the estimation of three thermodynamic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismahene Ben Khemis
- Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics LR 18 ES 18, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Environnement Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Aouaini
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah Knani
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholoud Saad Al-Mugren
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelmottaleb Ben Lamine
- Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics LR 18 ES 18, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Environnement Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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3
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Tian Y, Wei L, Yu T, Shen H, Zhao W, Chu X. Adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) on layered pipe scales and the effects of disinfectants in drinking water distribution systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134745. [PMID: 38820751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Pipe scales in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) potentially adsorb chromium (Cr). Meanwhile, the fate of Cr in pipe scales and water could be influenced by the disinfectants used in DWDS since they might influence the valence state of Cr. Therefore, the adsorption of Cr (Cr(VI) and Cr(III)) on pipe scales, the transformation between different valence states, and the effects of disinfectants present in DWDS are important research topics for improving tap water quality but have not yet been sufficiently investigated. This study investigated the properties of layered pipe scales and conducted adsorption kinetic experiments in single and binary Cr(VI) and Cr(III) systems, as well as experiments related to the oxidation and adsorption of Cr(III) under the influence of decaying disinfectants. According to the results, pipe scales exhibited distinct layered structures with varying mechanisms for the adsorption of Cr(VI) and Cr(III). Cr(VI) was adsorbed through surface complexation on the surface and porous core layers, while redox reactions predominantly occurred on the shell-like layer. Furthermore, Cr(III) was adsorbed via surface precipitation on the three-layer pipe scales. Importantly, disinfectants promoted the transformation of Cr(III) to the less readily released Cr(VI) in pipe scales, reducing the Cr exposure risk from the pipe scale phase. Pipe scales also decreased the Cr(VI) concentration in water (almost 0 mg/L), enhancing the safety of DWDS. This study provides theoretical guidance on the safe operation of DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lianyi Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hailiang Shen
- Computational Hydraulics International, 147 Wyndham St. N., Ste. 202, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weigao Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Xianxian Chu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
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4
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Asimakidou T, Kalaitzidou K, Pinakidou F, Zhou T, Rivera-Gil P, Balcells L, Mitrakas M, Makridis A, Katsikini M, Vourlias G, Chrissafis K, Simeonidis K. Implementing magnetically-active Sn-based nanocomposites in hexavalent chromium removal from drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142529. [PMID: 38838862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A novel nanocomposite consisting of Fe3O4-loaded tin oxyhydroxy-chloride is demonstrated as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium in compliance to the new drinking water regulation. This study introduces a continuous-flow production of the nanocomposite through the separate synthesis of (i) 40 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles and (ii) multilayered spherical arrangements of a tin hydroxy-chloride identified as abhurite, before the application of a wet-blending process. The homogeneous distribution of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the abhurite's morphology, features nanocomposite with magnetic response whereas the 10 % loaded nanocomposite preserves a Cr(VI) uptake capacity of 7.2 mg/g for residual concentrations below 25 μg/L. Kinetic and thermodynamic examination of the uptake evolution indicates a relative rapid Cr(VI) capture dominated by interparticle diffusion and a spontaneous endothermic process mediated by reduction to Cr(III). The efficiency of the optimized nanocomposite was validated in a pilot unit operating in a sequence of a stirring reactor and a rotary magnetic separator showing an alternative and competitive application path than typical fixed-bed filtration, which is supported by the absence of any acute cellular toxicity according to human kidney cell viability tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theopoula Asimakidou
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Kalaitzidou
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fani Pinakidou
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ting Zhou
- Integrative Biomedical Materials and Nanomedicine Lab, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Rivera-Gil
- Integrative Biomedical Materials and Nanomedicine Lab, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Balcells
- Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, A08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manassis Mitrakas
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Makridis
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Katsikini
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Vourlias
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Simeonidis
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Islam S, Sarkar O, Mukherjee S, Kamila S, Bhowmik AD, Chattopadhyay A. Chronic low-dose chromium VI exposure induces oxidative stress and apoptosis with altered expressions of DNA repair genes and promoter hypermethylation in the liver of Swiss albino mice. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:1014-1027. [PMID: 38523572 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The present investigation dealt with harmful effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr [VI]) on liver of Swiss albino mice. This variant exhibited cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. Our study focused on elucidating the hepatotoxic effects of chronic low-dose exposure to Cr (VI) (2, 5, and 10 ppm) administered via drinking water for 4 and 8 months. The observed elevation in SGPT, ALP, and SGOT and increased oxidative stress markers unequivocally confirmed the severe disruption of liver homeostasis at these low treatment doses. Noteworthy alterations in histoarchitecture, body weight, and water intake provided further evidences of the harmful effects of Cr (VI). Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during metabolism led to DNA damages. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that chronic low-dose exposure of Cr (VI) induced apoptosis in liver tissue. Our study exhibited alterations in the expression pattern of DNA repair genes (Rad51, Mutyh, Mlh1, and Ogg1), coupled with promoter hypermethylation of Mutyh and Rad51, leading to transcriptional inhibition. Our findings underscored the potential of low-dose Cr (VI) exposure on hepatotoxicity by the intricate interplay between apoptosis induction and epigenetic alterations of DNA repair genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz Islam
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Olivia Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sunanda Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreejata Kamila
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Arpan Dey Bhowmik
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
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6
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Sazakli E. Human Health Effects of Oral Exposure to Chromium: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:406. [PMID: 38673319 PMCID: PMC11050383 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The toxicity and carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium via the inhalation route is well established. However, a scientific debate has arisen about the potential effects of oral exposure to chromium on human health. Epidemiological studies evaluating the connection between ingested chromium and adverse health effects on the general population are limited. In recent years, a wealth of biomonitoring studies has emerged evaluating the associations between chromium levels in body fluids and tissues and health outcomes. This systematic review brings together epidemiological and biomonitoring evidence published over the past decade on the health effects of the general population related to oral exposure to chromium. In total, 65 studies were reviewed. There appears to be an inverse association between prenatal chromium exposure and normal fetal development. In adults, parameters of oxidative stress and biochemical alterations increase in response to chromium exposure, while effects on normal renal function are conflicting. Risks of urothelial carcinomas cannot be overlooked. However, findings regarding internal chromium concentrations and abnormalities in various tissues and systems are, in most cases, controversial. Environmental monitoring together with large cohort studies and biomonitoring with multiple biomarkers could fill the scientific gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Sazakli
- Lab of Public Health, Medical School, University of Patras, GR 26504 Patras, Greece
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7
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Dutta S, Sivakumar KK, Erwin JW, Stanley JA, Arosh JA, Taylor RJ, Banu SK. Alteration of epigenetic methyl and acetyl marks by postnatal chromium(VI) exposure causes apoptotic changes in the ovary of the F1 offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108492. [PMID: 37931768 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is a heavy metal endocrine disruptor used widely in various industries worldwide and is considered a reproductive toxicant. Our previous studies demonstrated that lactational exposure to Cr(VI) caused follicular atresia, disrupted steroid hormone biosynthesis and signaling, and delayed puberty. However, the underlying mechanism was unknown. The current study investigated the effects of Cr(VI) exposure (25 ppm) during postnatal days 1-21 via dam's milk on epigenetic alterations in the ovary of F1 offspring. Data indicated that Cr(VI) disrupted follicle development and caused apoptosis by increasing DNMT3a /3b and histone methyl marks (H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) along with decreasing histone acetylation marks (H3K9ac and H3K27ac). Our study demonstrates that exposure to Cr(VI) causes changes in the epigenetic marks, partially contributing to the transcriptional repression of genes regulating ovarian development, cell proliferation (PCNA), cell survival (BCL-XL and BCL-2), and activation of genes regulating apoptosis (AIF and cleaved caspase-3), resulting in follicular atresia. The current study suggests a role for epigenetics in Cr(VI)-induced ovotoxicity and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (VIBS), College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (CVMBS), Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kirthiram K Sivakumar
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (VIBS), College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (CVMBS), Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - John W Erwin
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (VIBS), College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (CVMBS), Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jone A Stanley
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (VIBS), College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (CVMBS), Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Joe A Arosh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (VIBS), College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (CVMBS), Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Robert J Taylor
- Trace Element Research Laboratory, VIBS, CVMBS, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Sakhila K Banu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences (VIBS), College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (CVMBS), Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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8
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Toyoda JH, Martino J, Speer RM, Meaza I, Lu H, Williams AR, Bolt AM, Kouokam JC, Aboueissa AEM, Wise JP. Hexavalent Chromium Targets Securin to Drive Numerical Chromosome Instability in Human Lung Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:256. [PMID: 38203427 PMCID: PMC10778806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a known human lung carcinogen with widespread exposure in environmental and occupational settings. Despite well-known cancer risks, the molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis are not well understood, but a major driver of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis is chromosome instability. Previously, we reported Cr(VI) induced numerical chromosome instability, premature centriole disengagement, centrosome amplification, premature centromere division, and spindle assembly checkpoint bypass. A key regulator of these events is securin, which acts by regulating the cleavage ability of separase. Thus, in this study we investigated securin disruption by Cr(VI) exposure. We exposed human lung cells to a particulate Cr(VI) compound, zinc chromate, for acute (24 h) and prolonged (120 h) time points. We found prolonged Cr(VI) exposure caused marked decrease in securin levels and function. After prolonged exposure at the highest concentration, securin protein levels were decreased to 15.3% of control cells, while securin mRNA quantification was 7.9% relative to control cells. Additionally, loss of securin function led to increased separase activity manifested as enhanced cleavage of separase substrates; separase, kendrin, and SCC1. These data show securin is targeted by prolonged Cr(VI) exposure in human lung cells. Thus, a new mechanistic model for Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis emerges with centrosome and centromere disruption as key components of numerical chromosome instability, a key driver in Cr(VI) carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H. Toyoda
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Julieta Martino
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Rachel M. Speer
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Idoia Meaza
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Aggie R. Williams
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | - Alicia M. Bolt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Joseph Calvin Kouokam
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
| | | | - John Pierce Wise
- Wise Laboratory for Environmental and Genetic Toxicology, University of Louisville, 500 S Preston Street, Building 55A, Room 1422, Louisville, KY 40292, USA (R.M.S.); (H.L.); (J.C.K.)
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9
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Simeonidis K, Kalaitzidou K, Asimakidou T, Martinez-Boubeta C, Makridis A, Haeussler A, Vourlias G, Balcells L. Tin Oxide Nanoparticles via Solar Vapor Deposition for Hexavalent Chromium Remediation. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:13902-13911. [PMID: 37719329 PMCID: PMC10502794 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Tin oxide nanoparticles optimized to capture low concentrations of hexavalent chromium from water were developed through a facile, scalable, and low-cost one-step solar vapor deposition methodology. Considering the preservation of high electron donation capacity as the key to support the reduction of mobile Cr(VI) into insoluble forms, the growth of SnO nanoparticles was favored by the co-evaporation of SnO2 with Fe powders at various mass ratios. Characterization techniques indicated that the percentage and the stability of SnO is proportional to the Fe content in the target with a requirement of at least 50% wt to inhibit the formation of a passive SnO2 surface layer. The produced particles were evaluated regarding their efficiency to capture Cr(VI) under conditions similar to water treatment for drinking purposes (pH 7). It was revealed that passivation-free SnO nanoparticles deliver significant improvement in the adsorption capacity corresponding to the residual concentration of 25 μg/L, reaching a value of 1.74 mg/g for the sample prepared with 50% wt Fe in the target. The increase of water acidity was found responsible for the activation of more reduction sites on the particle surface, as reflected through the elevation of efficiency by more than 20% at pH 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Simeonidis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University
of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Kalaitzidou
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University
of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theopoula Asimakidou
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University
of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department
of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Antonios Makridis
- Department
of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anita Haeussler
- Processes,
Materials and Solar Energy Laboratory, CNRS-PROMES, 7 Rue du Four Solaire, 66120 Font-Romeu, France
| | - Georgios Vourlias
- Department
of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lluis Balcells
- Institut
de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC, Campus Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, A08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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10
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Mortada WI, El-Naggar A, Mosa A, Palansooriya KN, Yousaf B, Tang R, Wang S, Cai Y, Chang SX. Biogeochemical behaviour and toxicology of chromium in the soil-water-human nexus: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138804. [PMID: 37137390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) affects human health if it accumulates in organs to elevated concentrations. The toxicity risk of Cr in the ecosphere depends upon the dominant Cr species and their bioavailability in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. However, the soil-water-human nexus that controls the biogeochemical behaviour of Cr and its potential toxicity is not fully understood. This paper synthesizes information on different dimensions of Cr ecotoxicological hazards in the soil and water and their subsequent effects on human health. The various routes of environmental exposure of Cr to humans and other organisms are also discussed. Human exposure to Cr(VI) causes both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health effects via complicated reactions that include oxidative stress, chromosomal and DNA damage, and mutagenesis. Chromium (VI) inhalation can cause lung cancer; however, incidences of other types of cancer following Cr(VI) exposure are low but probable. The non-carcinogenic health consequences of Cr(VI) exposure are primarily respiratory and cutaneous. Research on the biogeochemical behaviour of Cr and its toxicological hazards on human and other biological routes is therefore urgently needed to develop a holistic approach to understanding the soil-water-human nexus that controls the toxicological hazards of Cr and its detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael I Mortada
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11241, Egypt; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | | | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Ronggui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 196 W Huayang Rd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Scott X Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China; Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H1, Canada.
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11
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Sharafi K, Nakhaee S, Azadi NA, Mansouri B, Miri Kermanshahi S, Paknahad M, Habibi Y. Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in the breast milk consumed by infants in Western Iran. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6656. [PMID: 37095309 PMCID: PMC10126154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the human health risk of some toxic metals/metalloids [lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As)] on infants via consumption of the breast milk of women living in urban areas of Kermanshah city, west of Iran. After collecting milk samples, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment as well as uncertainty analysis of toxic metal levels were carried out. The order of concentration of heavy metals/metalloids in the breast milk samples was Cr (41.07 ± 23.19) > Ni (19.25 ± 11.81) > Pb (11.5 ± 4.48) > As (1.96 ± 2.04) > Cd (.72 ± 0.42) > Hg (0.31 ± 0.26). The results revealed that the levels of Cr and Pb in the breast milk samples were exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) tolerable daily intake. In the breast milk samples a high levels of one of the trace elements As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni were observed (over 73%) and in 40% of them the levels of Cr, Pb, Cd, As, and Ni were all above WHO tolerable daily intake. Moreover, the As-related point assessment of target risk factor (THQ) was higher than the allowable limit only for 1-month-old male neonates and 2-month-old female neonates (THQ > 1). In addition, Cr-related THQ scores were higher at all age and gender groups (THQ > 1). In conclusion, our findings suggest a potential risk of some metals for infants via the consumption of mothers' breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiomars Sharafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nammam Ali Azadi
- Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Saba Miri Kermanshahi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maedeh Paknahad
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yazdan Habibi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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12
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Adverse Human Health Effects of Chromium by Exposure Route: A Comprehensive Review Based on Toxicogenomic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043410. [PMID: 36834821 PMCID: PMC9963995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are defined as metals with relatively high density and atomic weight, and their various applications have raised serious concerns about the environmental impacts and potential human health effects. Chromium is an important heavy metal that is involved in biological metabolism, but Cr exposure can induce a severe impact on occupational workers or public health. In this study, we explore the toxic effects of Cr exposure through three exposure routes: dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion. We propose the underlying toxicity mechanisms of Cr exposure based on transcriptomic data and various bioinformatic tools. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the toxicity mechanisms of different Cr exposure routes by diverse bioinformatics analyses.
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13
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Yan G, Gao Y, Xue K, Qi Y, Fan Y, Tian X, Wang J, Zhao R, Zhang P, Liu Y, Liu J. Toxicity mechanisms and remediation strategies for chromium exposure in the environment. FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2023; 11. [DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2023.1131204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is the seventh most abundant chemical element in the Earth’s crust, and Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are common stable valence states of Cr. Several Cr-containing substances, such as FeOCr2O3 and stainless-steel products, exist in nature and in life. However, Cr(VI) is toxic to soil, microorganisms, and plants and poses a serious threat to human health through direct and indirect exposure. By collecting published journal literature, we found that Cr(VI) can cause acute and chronic toxicity in organisms and has carcinogenic effects, and the mechanisms causing these toxicity include endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and apoptosis. However, the relationship between these mechanisms remains unclear. Many methods have been researched to purify chromium, but each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, this review summarizes the hazards of chromium and the mechanisms of chromium toxicity after entering cells and provides a number of methods for chromium contamination management, providing a direction for the next step in chromium toxicology and contamination decontamination research.
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Hang JG, Dong JJ, Feng H, Huang JZ, Wang Z, Shen B, Nakayama SF, Kido T, Jung CR, Ma C, Sun XL. Evaluating postnatal exposure to six heavy metals in a Chinese e-waste recycling area. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136444. [PMID: 36116633 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to assess postnatal exposure to heavy metals using breast milk in an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area. From January to April 2021, 102 and 97 breastfeeding women were recruited from an e-waste recycling area and a control area, respectively. Four weeks after delivery, medical staff collected 20 mL of breast milk from each participant. The breast milk was tested for six heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, copper, and manganese) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of infants during breastfeeding was calculated to assess the impact of postnatal exposure to heavy metals on infant health. The concentrations of chromium and lead in the breast milk were significantly higher in the e-waste recycling area than in the control area. Chromium concentrations in breast milk was 34.3%, exceeding the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO), in the e-waste recycling area, which is 16 times higher than that in the control areas. The EDIs of lead and chromium in the e-waste area were twice as those in the control area. This strongly indicates that the potential impact of postnatal exposure to lead and chromium on infant and child health in e-waste recycling areas cannot be ignored. Infants and children in e-waste recycling areas are at risk of long-term exposure to heavy metals. Therefore, ongoing health monitoring is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo Hang
- School of Medicine, and the First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, 759 2nd Ring East Road, Huzhou, 313000, China; Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, 318050, China
| | - Jing Jian Dong
- School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Hao Feng
- School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Jian Zhong Huang
- School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Bin Shen
- School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Shoji F Nakayama
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 3058506, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, And Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, 9200942, Japan
| | - Chau-Ren Jung
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan
| | - Chaochen Ma
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 5418567, Japan
| | - Xian Liang Sun
- School of Medicine, and the First Affiliated Hospital, Huzhou University, 759 2nd Ring East Road, Huzhou, 313000, China; School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China; Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, And Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 5-11-80 Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, 9200942, Japan.
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Hossini H, Shafie B, Niri AD, Nazari M, Esfahlan AJ, Ahmadpour M, Nazmara Z, Ahmadimanesh M, Makhdoumi P, Mirzaei N, Hoseinzadeh E. A comprehensive review on human health effects of chromium: insights on induced toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:70686-70705. [PMID: 36042133 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing use of heavy metals in most industrial activities has led to it being considered as the most important environmental pollutant that may cause harm and toxicity to animals and humans. Chromium has been found in the environment in different oxidation states such as Cr0, Cr(III), and Cr(VI) and is released from a variety of anthropogenic and natural activities. At among, trivalent and hexavalent chromium are the most stable forms. Considerably, Cr(VI) is frequently more toxic than Cr(III) because of its particular solubility and high mobility. Chronic exposure and bioaccumulation of chromium, as a heavy metal, can cause toxicity and numerous pathophysiological defects, including allergic reactions, anemia, burns, and sores especially in the stomach and small intestine, damage to sperm along with the male reproductive system, and affect various biological systems. Chromium pollution can have severe consequences for water and the soil environment. This article reviews the toxicological effects of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) and their mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooshyar Hossini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behnaz Shafie
- Food and Drug Administration, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dehghan Niri
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Nazari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aylin Jahanban Esfahlan
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadpour
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Zohreh Nazmara
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ahmadimanesh
- Food and Drug Vice Presidency, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouran Makhdoumi
- Student research committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nezam Mirzaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Edris Hoseinzadeh
- Incubation and Innovation center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
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16
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Khan N, Charles KJ. When Water Quality Crises Drive Change: A Comparative Analysis of the Policy Processes Behind Major Water Contamination Events. EXPOSURE AND HEALTH 2022; 15:1-19. [PMID: 36196073 PMCID: PMC9522453 DOI: 10.1007/s12403-022-00505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of major water contamination events across the world have been met with varying levels of policy responses. Arsenic-a priority water contaminant globally, occurring naturally in groundwater, causing adverse health effects-is widespread in Bangladesh. However, the policy response has been slow, and marked by ineffectiveness and a lack of accountability. We explore the delayed policy response to the arsenic crisis in Bangladesh through comparison with water contamination crises in other contexts, using the Multiple Streams Framework to compare policy processes. These included Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter in Walkerton, Canada; lead and Legionella in Flint, Michigan, USA; and chromium-6 contamination in Hinkley, California, USA. We find that, while water contamination issues are solvable, a range of complex conditions have to be met in order to reach a successful solution. These include aspects of the temporal nature of the event and the outcomes, the social and political context, the extent of the public or media attention regarding the crisis, the politics of visibility, and accountability and blame. In particular, contaminants with chronic health outcomes, and longer periods of subclinical disease, lead to smaller policy windows with less effective policy changes. Emerging evidence on health threats from drinking water contamination raise the risk of new crises and the need for new approaches to deliver policy change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nameerah Khan
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY UK
| | - Katrina J. Charles
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY UK
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17
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Nathan RJ, Barr D, Rosengren RJ. Six fruit and vegetable peel beads for the simultaneous removal of heavy metals by biosorption. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:1935-1952. [PMID: 33252309 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1858183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a comparison between the biosorption performance of six fruit and vegetable peels, namely kiwifruit (KP), apple, banana, cucumber, orange and potato immobilized on sodium alginate beads has been made. Inductively coupled plasma coupled with mass spectroscopy was used for measuring the concentration of metal ions in solution before and after biosorption. A range of kinetic models were also applied to the biosorption batch data. The results showed that biosorption percentage of the ions were different on the various beads. For example, the decreasing order of biosorption by one KP bead at equilibrium was Cd > Cu > Hg > Ni > Pb > Cr > As, with approximately 92%, 84%, 80%, 75%, 67%, 34%, and 17% simultaneous removal of ions, respectively. The fastest biosorption was seen with Cd and Pb, as both reached equilibrium by 24 h. Equilibrium time of all other ions occurred by 48 h. While all beads in their unmodified form were suitable for the removal of divalent cations, KP bead showed significantly higher removal of the anion hexavalent Cr. Biosorption of Cd, Hg and Ni was limited by both pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order reaction rates. For Cr and Cu, the reaction was controlled by film diffusion and pseudo-first order rates. At a higher solution concentration, the preference of ions biosorbed as well as their percentage removed changed. Overall, the results indicated that KP beads show promise as a cost-effective method for removing toxic ions by biosorption, especially hexavalent chromium from drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Jasmine Nathan
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Geology Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dave Barr
- Centre for Trace Element Analysis, Chemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rhonda J Rosengren
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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Tuning the Fe(II)/hydroxide Ratio during Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles to Maximize Cr(VI) Uptake Capacity. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of hydroxyl excess as defined by the Fe(II)/hydroxide ratio during the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles by oxidative precipitation of FeSO4 was examined as a critical parameter determining the potential for Cr(VI) uptake from polluted water. Various samples were prepared by varying the OH− excess in the range of −0.10 up to +0.03 M and characterized according to their composition, morphology, and surface configuration. Their efficiency for Cr(VI) removal was evaluated by batch adsorption tests, carried out under similar conditions with drinking water purification in the concentration range below 10 mg/L. Results indicate that near the zero-excess point for hydroxyl balance, the uptake capacity for residual Cr(VI) concentration equal to 25 μg/L remains at very low levels (<0.5 mg/g). However, a small increase above +0.02 M features synthesized nanoparticles with an uptake capacity of 2.5 mg/g owed to the decrease in particles size (28 nm) and enhancement of the reducing potential (Fe2+/Fe3+ = 0.42). In addition, utilizing negative excess values below −0.05 M triggers a similar efficiency rise, although the morphology of the obtained aggregates is rather different. Such finding is attributed to a possible exchange mechanism between adsorbed sulfates and chromate anions that assist approach of Cr(VI) to the material’s surface. Overall, proper tuning of hydroxyl excess offers multiple options for the implementation of monodisperse magnetically responsive nanoparticles or larger aggregates with optimized purification efficiency in water technology.
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19
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Sivakumar KK, Stanley JA, Behlen JC, Wuri L, Dutta S, Wu J, Arosh JA, Banu SK. Inhibition of Sirtuin-1 hyperacetylates p53 and abrogates Sirtuin-1-p53 interaction in Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis in the ovary. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 109:121-134. [PMID: 35307491 PMCID: PMC9884489 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination with hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), has been increasing in the United States as well as in developing countries. Exposure to Cr(VI) predisposes the human population to various diseases, including cancer, infertility, and developmental problems in children. Previous findings from our laboratory reported that prenatal exposure to Cr(VI) caused premature ovarian failure through p53-mediated mechanisms. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD+ -dependent histone deacetylase class III. SIRT1 deacetylates several histones and non-histone proteins such as p53 and NFkB. The current study determines a role for the SIRT1-p53 network in apoptosis induced by Cr(VI) in the ovary and establishes physical interaction between SIRT1 and p53. Adult pregnant dams were given regular drinking water or Cr(VI) (10 ppm potassium dichromate in drinking water, ad libitum), and treated with SIRT1 inhibitor, EX-527 (50 mg/kg body weight, i.p.,), during 9.5 - 14.5 days post-coitum. On postnatal day-1, ovaries from F1 offspring were collected for various analyses. Results indicated that Cr(VI) increased germ cell and somatic cell apoptosis, upregulated acetyl-p53, activated the apoptotic pathway, and inhibited cell survival pathways. Cr(VI) decreased acetyl-p53-SIRT1 co-localization in the ovary. In an immortalized rat granulosa cell line SIGC, Cr(VI) inhibited the physical interaction between SIRT1 and acetyl-p53 by altering the p53:SIRT1 ratio. EX-527 exacerbated Cr(VI)-induced mechanisms. The current study shows a novel mechanism for Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis in the ovary, mediated through the p53-SIRT1 network, suggesting that targeting the p53 pathway may be an ideal approach to rescue ovaries from Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sakhila K. Banu
- Address correspondence to: Sakhila K. Banu, PhD., Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA, Phone: 979-458-3613, Fax: 979-847-8981,
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20
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Joseph N, Kolok AS. Assessment of Pediatric Cancer and Its Relationship to Environmental Contaminants: An Ecological Study in Idaho. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2021GH000548. [PMID: 35310467 PMCID: PMC8917512 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to determine the degree to which a multivariable principal component model based on several potentially carcinogenic metals and pesticides could explain the county-level pediatric cancer rates across Idaho. We contend that human exposure to environmental contaminants is one of the reasons for increased pediatric cancer incidence in the United States. Although several studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between environmental contaminants and carcinogenesis among children, research gaps exist in developing a meaningful association between them. For this study, pediatric cancer data was provided by the Cancer Data Registry of Idaho, concentrations of metals and metalloids in groundwater were collected from the Idaho Department of Water Resources, and pesticide use data were collected from the United States Geological Survey. Most environmental variables were significantly intercorrelated at an adjusted P-value <0.01 (97 out of 153 comparisons). Hence, a principal component analysis was employed to summarize those variables to a smaller number of components. An environmental burden index (EBI) was constructed using these principal components, which categorized the environmental burden profiles of counties into low, medium, and high. EBI was significantly associated with pediatric cancer incidence (P-value <0.05). The rate ratio of high EBI profile to low EBI profile for pediatric cancer incidence was estimated as 1.196, with lower and upper confidence intervals of 1.061 and 1.348, respectively. A model was also developed in the study using EBI to estimate the county-level pediatric cancer incidence in Idaho (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency = 0.97).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Joseph
- Idaho Water Resources Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
| | - Alan S. Kolok
- Idaho Water Resources Research InstituteUniversity of IdahoMoscowIDUSA
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21
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Zhao M, Ge X, Xu J, Li A, Mei Y, Zhao J, Zhou Q, Liu X, Wei L, Xu Q. Negatively interactive effect of chromium and cadmium on obesity: Evidence from adults living near ferrochromium factory. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 231:113196. [PMID: 35051768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have reported that chromium (Cr) exposure may be associated with metabolism of glucose and lipids in residents living in a long-term Cr polluted area. Previous statistical analysis is mainly focused on individual chromium exposure. Furtherly, we aim to investigated the independent, combined, and interaction effects of the co-exposure of urine Cr (UCr) with cadmium (UCd), lead (UPb) and manganese (UMn) on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and the risk of overweight and abdominal obesity. METHOD We enrolled 1187 participants from annual surveys between 2017 and 2019. Heavy metal concentrations in urine were standardized using covariate-adjusted urine creatinine levels. Multiple linear/logistic regression models were applied to measure the single effect of urine heavy metal concentration on the outcomes. The quantile-based g-computation (g-comp) model was used to evaluate the combined effect of metal mixture on the outcomes and to compare the contribution of each metal. Both additive and multiplicative interactions were measured for UCr with UCd, UPb, UMn on the outcomes. Analysis was performed on the overall population and stratified by smoking habit. RESULTS For the overall study population, UCr was positively associated with BMI (p trend = 0.023) and waist circumference (p trend = 0.018). For smoking participants, the g-comp model demonstrated that the metal mixture was negatively associated with BMI, with UCr and UCd contributing the most in the positive and negative direction. A negative additive interaction was observed between UCr and UCd on BMI and abdominal obesity. We did not observe a significant interaction effect of UCr with UPb or UMn. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that Cr and Cd exposure may be associated with BMI and waist circumference, with combined and interaction effects of the heavy metals noted. Further epidemiological and experimental researches could simultaneously consider single and complex mixed exposure to verify the findings and biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Lanping Wei
- Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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Covre WP, Ramos SJ, Pereira WVDS, Souza ESD, Martins GC, Teixeira OMM, Amarante CBD, Dias YN, Fernandes AR. Impact of copper mining wastes in the Amazon: Properties and risks to environment and human health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126688. [PMID: 34315634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improper disposal of copper mining wastes can threaten the ecosystem and human health due to the high levels of potentially toxic elements released into the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the properties of Cu mining wastes generated in the eastern Amazon and their potential risks to environment and human health. Samples of forest soil and artisanal/industrial Cu mining wastes were collected and subjected to characterization of properties and pseudo-total concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn, in addition to chemical fractionation of Cu. The pH ranged from near neutrality to alkaline. Pseudo-total concentrations of Cu were high in all wastes, mainly in the artisanal rock waste, with 19,034 mg kg-1, of which 61% is concentrated in the most reactive fractions. Pollution indices indicated that the wastes are highly contaminated by Cu and moderately contaminated by Cr and Ni. However, only the artisanal rock waste is associated with environmental risk. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic human health risks were detected, especially from exposure to Cr in the artisanal rock waste. Prevention actions and monitoring of the artisanal mining area are necessary to avoid impacts to the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watilla Pereira Covre
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Silvio Junio Ramos
- Vale Institute of Technology - Sustainable Development, 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | - Edna Santos de Souza
- Xingu Institute of Studies, Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará, 68380-000, São Félix do Xingu, Pará, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Yan Nunes Dias
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, 66077-830, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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Mo A, Huang Y, Gu Z, Liu C, Wang J, Yuan Y. Health risk assessment and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Procambarus clarkii from six provinces of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2539-2546. [PMID: 34370203 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contamination with heavy metals in wild red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) from 7 different geographical areas in six provinces of China (Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shandong) was evaluated. Concentrations of chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in the abdominal muscle, gonad, and hepatopancreas were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometer (AFS). Except for the Cd content in the hepatopancreas, the contents of selected heavy metals in three different tissues were significantly lower than the proposed limits provided by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The maximum accumulations of Cd and Pb were in the hepatopancreas, while the maximum accumulation of As was in the gonad, and the maximum accumulations of Hg and Cr were in the abdominal muscle. The highest contents of Cr, Hg, and Pb were all detected in Dongting Lake, Hunan, which was consistent with the trend of the metal pollution index (MPI). Risk value of the target hazard quotient (THQ) was below 1.0, suggesting that the intake of selected heavy metals through crayfish consumption would not pose a significant health risk to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijie Mo
- FisheriesCollege, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Huang
- FisheriesCollege, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zemao Gu
- FisheriesCollege, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Shuangshui Shuanglu Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- FisheriesCollege, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- FisheriesCollege, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Yongchao Yuan
- FisheriesCollege, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Shuangshui Shuanglu Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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24
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den Braver-Sewradj SP, van Benthem J, Staal YCM, Ezendam J, Piersma AH, Hessel EVS. Occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium. Part II. Hazard assessment of carcinogenic effects. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 126:105045. [PMID: 34506880 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds have been studied extensively and several agencies have described their toxicological profile. In the past, personnel of the Dutch Ministry of Defence may have been exposed to Cr(VI) during maintenance activities on NATO equipment. To investigate if this exposure may have caused irreversible adverse health effects, the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) summarized all available knowledge from previous evaluations. This information was complemented with a scoping review to retrieve new scientific literature. All scientific evidence was evaluated in workshops with external experts to come to an overview of irreversible adverse health effects that could be caused by occupational exposure to Cr(VI) compounds. This review provides the hazard assessment for occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and carcinogenic effects by integrating and weighting evidence provided by international agencies complemented with newly published studies. It was concluded that occupational exposure to Cr(VI) can cause lung cancer, nose and nasal sinus cancer in humans. Cr(VI) is suspected to cause stomach cancer and laryngeal cancer in humans. It is currently insufficiently clear if Cr(VI) can cause cancer of the small intestine, oral cavity, pancreas, prostate or bladder in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan van Benthem
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne C M Staal
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Ezendam
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Aldert H Piersma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen V S Hessel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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25
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Banda RK, Mubita P, Moonga G, Meki CD. Bacteriological Quality and Heavy Metal Analysis of Packaged Water Produced in Lusaka, Zambia and Associated Quality Control Measures. Front Public Health 2021; 9:620700. [PMID: 34211949 PMCID: PMC8239186 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.620700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people in the world lack safe basic drinking water sources and rely on untreated water source. Packaged water can be considered as an alternative to other water sources if measures are put in place to ensure its safety for consumption. This study aimed to assess the bacteriological quality and heavy metal analysis of packaged water produced in Lusaka, Zambia and associated quality control measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2019 where 18 brands of packaged water were analyzed for total and fecal coliforms as well as concentrations of Lead, Chromium, and Cadmium. The study found that 33.5% of the packaged water produced in Lusaka did not comply with the standard for drinking water on bacteriological quality. We also found that the concentrations for Lead were <0.01 mg/l in all the 17 samples, thus compliant to WHO/ZABS standards. Concentrations of Chromium were between 0.002 and 0.62 mg/l and compliance to the standard was 11.8%. Concentrations for Cadmium were between 0.009 and 0.2 mg/l against the acceptable concentration of <0.003 mg/l. Most brands of the packaged water did not conform to the standards for drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney K. Banda
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patricia Mubita
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Given Moonga
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chisala D. Meki
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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26
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de Moraes Calado SL, Salgado LD, Santos GS, da Silva Carvalho Neto F, de Menezes MS. Trace metals in estuarine organisms from a port region in southern Brazil: consumption risk to the local population. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:5283-5295. [PMID: 32960446 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10836-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination is a threat to estuarine environments. They can accumulate in the food chain and cause toxic effects on aquatic organisms and human health. This study evaluated the concentrations of metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in aquatic organisms of Antonina Bay (southern Brazil) to analyze whether the metal concentrations were in accordance with Brazilian food legislation and estimate the human risk of local seafood consumption. All analyzed organisms (Centropomus parallelus, Mugil curema, Genidens genidens, Crassostrea brasiliana, and Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) showed traces of metals in their tissues with different metal concentrations among species. Metal concentrations were generally higher in oyster C. brasiliana, and biomagnification was not observed. Cr and Zn concentrations were above the limits established by legislation for all species in at least one sample. The concentrations of the other metals were within permitted levels. However, concentrations of Cd, Cr, Fe, and Zn posed a human consumption risk. In general, the C. brasiliana oyster presented the highest risk for human consumption, probably due to its filtering habit. Thus, the results indicated that metal concentrations in the tissues of the Antonina Bay seafood can pose a risk to human health, and this chronic exposure to metals also can cause toxic effects on local aquatic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Loise de Moraes Calado
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Paraná, P. O. Box 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, 81530-980, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Dalago Salgado
- Ecology and Conservation Post-Graduation Program, Federal University of Paraná, P. O. Box 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, 81530-980, Brazil
- Cananéia Research Institute, Cananéia, São Paulo, 11990-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Souza Santos
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, P. O. Box 19031, Curitiba, Paraná, 81530-980, Brazil
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27
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Oliveira FLVD, Kuno R, Nascimento FPD, Gouveia N. Exposição potencial a baixas doses de cromo por via oral e mortalidade por câncer de estômago na população do interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo: Concentrações de cromo total entre 0,45 e 110µg/L têm sido detectadas, no Sistema Aquífero Bauru (SAB) no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, excedendo, algumas vezes, o padrão de qualidade adotado pela legislação brasileira, que é de 50μg/L. Segundo a Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), parte do cromo é composta pela forma hexavalente [Cr(VI)], que apresenta controversas evidências quanto à carcinogenicidade por via oral. Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da exposição ao Cr(VI) em baixas doses na mortalidade por câncer gástrico da população entre 15 e 75 anos ou mais, que consumiu água do SAB, no período entre 2004 e 2015. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico em 326 municípios situados no Planalto Ocidental Paulista e que usam água do SAB. As associações foram estimadas pelo modelo de regressão linear, utilizando-se indicadores de exposição ao cromo (proxy) e razão de mortalidade padronizada (RMP) para as neoplasias gástricas como variável resposta. O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) foi empregado para controlar possíveis diferenças socioeconômicas da população investigada. A RMP estimada para o câncer gástrico correspondeu a 79% dos óbitos esperados, sendo que o risco foi menor nos municípios que têm água tratada pela Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (SABESP), com especial atenção para a população feminina (β = -0,146; IC95%: -0,270; -0,021; p = 0,022). Embora os dados da pesquisa sejam limitados, em 77 (23,6%) dos municípios avaliados, houve aumento do risco de câncer gástrico. Dentre esses, quase 70% se abastecem de manancial subterrâneo, associado às bacias hidrográficas com anomalias geoquímicas de Cr(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rúbia Kuno
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
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28
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Sujatha S, Sivarethinamohan R. A critical review of Cr(VI) ion effect on mankind and its amputation through adsorption by activated carbon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Manoj S, RamyaPriya R, Elango L. Long-term exposure to chromium contaminated waters and the associated human health risk in a highly contaminated industrialised region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4276-4288. [PMID: 32935216 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of industrial waste is of great concern because it releases toxic metals resulting into the degradation of environments and consequently causes health effects on humans. The present study was carried out with the objectives of identifying the possible source and migration of contaminants in the surface water and groundwater and the associated health risks in the industrial region of Ranipet, Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 22 water samples were collected and analysed for the concentration of major ions and trace elements. Chemical speciation of chromium and lead in surface and groundwater was calculated using the geochemical code, PHREEQC. The concentration of total dissolved solids, chromium and lead was high in the surface water than groundwater in this region. The chromium in most of the sampled water is dominated with Cr(OH)2+ and Cr(OH)3 species and the dominant species of lead was PbCO3. The major source of contamination is the waste dumped in this region and also the improper disposal of effluents from the small-scale industries in this region. Use of groundwater with the present level of chromium and lead in this region will cause several health effects through oral and dermal pathways. Hence, stringent monitoring of quality of water sources of this region, enforcement of regulation of the disposal of wastes from the industries, recover and treat the dumped solid waste are very much necessary to prevent the spread of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manoj
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - R RamyaPriya
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India
| | - L Elango
- Department of Geology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India.
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30
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Bibi K, Shah MH. Appraisal of Metal Imbalances in the Blood of Thyroid Cancer Patients in Comparison with Healthy Subjects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:410-422. [PMID: 32144717 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer incidence and mortality rates have been increasing rapidly worldwide. A growing body of evidence revealed that exposure to trace metals is the most important aetiology for development of the cancer. Therefore, present study was intended to evaluate the imbalances in the concentrations of selected metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sr, Li, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Ag, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb) in the blood of newly diagnosed thyroid cancer patients in comparison with counterpart healthy subjects/controls. Concentrations of the metals were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrometry by employing nitric acid/perchloric acid-based wet digestion method. Average concentrations of Pb (774.6 μg/dL), Cr (757.9 μg/dL), Cd (472.5 μg/dL) and Ni (360.5 μg/dL) were found to be significantly higher in the blood of cancer patients than controls. Correlation study and multivariate analysis showed strong mutual relationships among Fe-Cd-Ca-Mg-Pb, Co-Sr-Zn, Li-Ag-Na-K and Cu-Ni in the blood of thyroid cancer patients while Na-K-Fe-Co-Pb, Zn-Sr-Cr, Ca-Mg and Li-Ag-Cu-Ni exhibited strong mutual associations in the blood of healthy donors. Significant variations in the trace metal levels were observed with the age, gender, habitat, food habits and smoking habits of both donor groups. Metal levels also exhibited considerable disparities with the stages and types of thyroid cancer. Multivariate analysis of the metal data revealed significantly divergent apportionment of the metals in the blood of cancer patients compared with the healthy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalsoom Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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31
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Khandare AL, Validandi V, Rajendran A, Singh TG, Thingnganing L, Kurella S, Nagaraju R, Dheeravath S, Vaddi N, Kommu S, Maddela Y. Health risk assessment of heavy metals and strontium in groundwater used for drinking and cooking in 58 villages of Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:3675-3701. [PMID: 32488799 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is one of the most important sources of water for drinking and cooking in rural India. A total of 382 groundwater samples were collected from 58 villages and analyzed for HMs and Sr by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The average concentrations of HMs and Sr in water was in the order of strontium (Sr) > arsenic (As) > chromium (Cr) > lead (Pb) > mercury (Hg) > cadmium (Cd). Out of 58 villages, 21, 37, 35, 35, 35 and 39 villages had Cr, As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Sr higher (WHO limit) than their respectively permissible levels. Health risk assessment of HMs and Sr for humans revealed that the non-carcinogenicity hazard quotients (HQi+d) for HMs and Sr were higher than unity for adult and children. The hazard index (HI) was 531.066 for adult and 902.926 for children. The HI > 1 was observed in 45 villages for adults and 56 villages for children. The lifetime cancer risk in adult for Asi, Asd, and Pbi in 36, 25 and 23 villages, whereas in children was 42, 20 and 22 villages, respectively. In conclusion, the health risks arising from consumption of groundwater containing HMs and Sr indicated that there is a significant carcinogenic risks for adult and children. This is the first attempt to provide information on the health risks of Sr in drinking water in India. The present findings can be useful for the development of potential strategies for risk control and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Lakshman Khandare
- Food Safety Division, Department of Food Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Vakdevi Validandi
- Food Safety Division, Department of Food Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ananthan Rajendran
- Food Composition and Nutrient Analysis Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Longvah Thingnganing
- Food Composition and Nutrient Analysis Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivasu Kurella
- Food Safety Division, Department of Food Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Raju Nagaraju
- Food Safety Division, Department of Food Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivas Dheeravath
- Food Safety Division, Department of Food Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagaraju Vaddi
- Food Safety Division, Department of Food Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srinivasulu Kommu
- Food Safety Division, Department of Food Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yadaiah Maddela
- Food Safety Division, Department of Food Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai Osmania PO, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
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32
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Hamouda RA, El-Naggar NEA, Doleib NM, Saddiq AA. Bioprocessing strategies for cost-effective simultaneous removal of chromium and malachite green by marine alga Enteromorpha intestinalis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13479. [PMID: 32778759 PMCID: PMC7417574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of industries use heavy metal cations to fix dyes in fabrication processes. Malachite green (MG) is used in many factories and in aquaculture production to treat parasites, and it has genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Chromium is used to fix the dyes and it is a global toxic heavy metal. Face centered central composite design (FCCCD) has been used to determine the most significant factors for enhanced simultaneous removal of MG and chromium ions from aqueous solutions using marine green alga Enteromorpha intestinalis biomass collected from Jeddah beach. The dry biomass of E. intestinalis samples were also examined using SEM and FTIR before and after MG and chromium biosoptions. The predicted results indicated that 4.3 g/L E. intestinalis biomass was simultaneously removed 99.63% of MG and 93.38% of chromium from aqueous solution using a MG concentration of 7.97 mg/L, the chromium concentration of 192.45 mg/L, pH 9.92, the contact time was 38.5 min with an agitation of 200 rpm. FTIR and SEM proved the change in characteristics of algal biomass after treatments. The dry biomass of E. intestinalis has the capacity to remove MG and chromium from aquatic effluents in a feasible and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragaa A Hamouda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nada M Doleib
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied and Industrial Science, University of Bahri, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Amna A Saddiq
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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33
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Afzal A, Qayyum MA, Shah MH. Study of Trace Metal Imbalances in the Scalp Hair of Stomach Cancer Patients with Different Types and Stages. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:365-374. [PMID: 31659649 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01926-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stomach cancer is among the most common forms of cancers, and diet and environmental factors play important roles in its malignancy. This study was conducted to evaluate the trace metal contents in the scalp hair of stomach cancer patients and healthy donors to investigate probable relationship between metal imbalances and cancer. The samples were digested in HNO3-HClO4 mixture and the metals were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Median level of Cr was found to be significantly higher in the patients than in the controls, while median levels of Fe, Mn and Cd were considerably reduced. The correlation pattern of metals in the patients manifested significantly divergent mutual relationships compared with the controls. Multivariate analyses showed appreciably diverse apportionment of the metals in the patients and healthy donors. Variations in the metal levels were also observed for various types (adenocarcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour) as well as stages (I, II, III and IV) of stomach cancer patients. Most of the metals revealed noticeable disparities in their levels based on gender, habitat, dietary habit and smoking habit of patients and controls. Accordingly, the essential/toxic metals exhibited significant imbalance due to pathogenesis of stomach among the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annum Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Munir H Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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34
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Zhao M, Xu J, Li A, Mei Y, Ge X, Liu X, Wei L, Xu Q. Multiple exposure pathways and urinary chromium in residents exposed to chromium. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 141:105753. [PMID: 32417613 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental hexavalent chromium contamination in northeast China has been ongoing for over 60 years and health outcomes related with chromium (Cr) pollution were observed in polluted arears, but exposure pathways remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the association between Cr exposure dose through multiple exposure pathways and Cr concentration in urine, and identify the most contributed pathway. METHODS We used risk assessment tools with individual exposure parameters to estimate eight individual Cr exposure doses (CD) for three exposure routes (inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact) with four environmental media (underground water, soil, household dust, and PM10 in ambient air) in 134 residents living in three chromium polluted villages. We used the covariate-adjusted standardized urinary Cr concentration (casUCr) as the internal Cr exposure biomarker. Ridge Regression, Weighted Quantile Sum Regression (WQS) and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models were used to assess the effect of overall eight CDs on urine Cr concentration and compare the contribution of each CD. RESULTS In the ridge regression analysis, Cr exposure through ingestion of dust (βstd = 0.418, p-value = 0.009), inhalation of dust (βstd = 0.384, p = 0.031) and dermal contact with soil (βstd = 0.264, p = 0.192) had the highest impact on casUCr. In the WQS model, the overall CDs demonstrated a non-significant positive association with casUCr. CDs of dust ingestion, air inhalation and dust inhalation had the largest contribution on casUCr when fitted in the WQS model. In the BKMR model, the hierarchical variable selection showed that casUCr was mainly affected by CDs of household dust and dermal contact with soil. CD of dermal contact with soil exhibited a negative association with casUCr, while CDs of dust showed positive or non-linear trend. CONCLUSIONS This research proposed a new method to calculate individual Cr exposure dose of multi-pathway and applied different statistical methods to identify predominant pathway. For this study, Cr exposure through dust has the strongest effect on Cr concentration in urine. The results could help conduct target interventions to reduce Cr intake, such as blocking dust exposure to reduce Cr uptake for villagers living in these contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College. Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College. Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College. Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College. Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College. Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lanping Wei
- Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College. Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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Xia S, Song Z, Jeyakumar P, Bolan N, Wang H. Characteristics and applications of biochar for remediating Cr(VI)-contaminated soils and wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:1543-1567. [PMID: 31673917 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00445-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a common environmental contaminant due to industrial processes and anthropogenic activities such as mining of chrome ore, electroplating, timber treatment, leather tanning, fertilizer and pesticide, etc. Cr exists mainly in both hexavalent [Cr(VI)] and trivalent [Cr(III)] form, being Cr(VI) with non-degradability and potential to be hidden, thereby affecting surrounding environment and being toxic to human health. Therefore, researches on remediation of Cr pollution in the environment have received much attention. Biochar is a low-cost adsorbent, which has been identified as a suitable material for Cr(VI) immobilization and removal from soil and wastewater. This review incorporates existing literature to provide a detailed examination into the (1) Cr chemistry, the source and current status of Cr pollution, and Cr toxicity and health; (2) feedstock and characterization of biochar; (3) processes and mechanisms of immobilization and removal of Cr by biochar, including oxidation-reduction, electrostatic interactions, complexation, ion exchange, and precipitation; (4) applications of biochar for Cr(VI) remediation and the modification of biochar to improve its performance; (5) factors affecting removal efficiency of Cr(VI) with respect to its physico-chemical conditions, including pH, temperature, initial concentration, reaction time, biochar characteristics, and coexisting contaminants. Finally, we identify current issues, challenges, and put forward recommendations as well as proposed directions for future research. This review provides a thorough understanding of using biochar as an emerging biomaterial adsorbent in Cr(VI)-contaminated soils and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopan Xia
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Assessing Cadmium and Chromium Concentrations in Drinking Water to Predict Health Risk in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082966. [PMID: 32344678 PMCID: PMC7215360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although toxic Cd (cadmium) and Cr (chromium) in the aquatic environment are mainly from natural sources, human activities have increased their concentrations. Several studies have reported higher concentrations of Cd and Cr in the aquatic environment of Malaysia; however, the association between metal ingestion via drinking water and human health risk has not been established. This study collected water samples from four stages of the drinking water supply chain at Langat River Basin, Malaysia in 2015 to analyze the samples by inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mean concentrations of Cd and Cr and the time-series river data (2004–2014) of these metals were significantly within the safe limit of drinking water quality standard proposed by the Ministry of Health Malaysia and the World Health Organization. Hazard quotient (HQ) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) values of Cd and Cr in 2015 and 2020 also indicate no significant human health risk of its ingestion via drinking water. Additionally, management of pollution sources in the Langat Basin from 2004 to 2015 decreased Cr concentration in 2020 on the basis of autoregression moving average. Although Cd and Cr concentrations were found to be within the safe limits at Langat Basin, high concentrations of these metals have been found in household tap water, especially due to the contamination in the water distribution pipeline. Therefore, a two-layer water filtration system should be introduced in the basin to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 agenda of a better and more sustainable future for all, especially via SDG 6 of supplying safe drinking water at the household level.
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Mukherjee I, Singh UK, Singh RP, Kumari D, Jha PK, Mehta P. Characterization of heavy metal pollution in an anthropogenically and geologically influenced semi-arid region of east India and assessment of ecological and human health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135801. [PMID: 31838424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the heavy metal contamination in groundwater and associated ecological and human health risks of a geologically and anthropogenically diverse semi-arid region of Birbhum district, India. For a reliable evaluation, concentrations of nine heavy metals in 680 groundwater samples (N = 680) which were collected during premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons of consecutive two years from 170 wells were measured. The human health risk assessment using the USEPA model which is based on single value for each parameter may inherit certain inaccuracy and uncertainties in the evaluation. Unlike earlier studies, a higher degree of accuracy in carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risk assessments was achieved through Monte Carlo simulations, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty analysis. The study revealed the occurrence of the target heavy metals in groundwater with mean dominance order of Fe > Zn > Sr > Mn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cd where mean concentrations of the carcinogens, Pb and Fe exceeded their maximum permissible limits. The water quality status evaluated using the modified heavy metal pollution index, Nemerow index and Heavy metal evaluation index methods resulted in medium to high heavy metal contamination in groundwater within a large portion of the study area which indicated its unsuitability for drinking purpose. The study suspects a moderate to very high risk for the groundwater dependent ecosystems in major part of the study area. The study further revealed cancer risks, ranging from high to very high within the residents due to accumulative exposure of the carcinogenic heavy metals in groundwater through ingestion and dermal contact. Minor populations of the study area were found to be more vulnerable to the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic diseases than teenagers and adults, mainly through oral exposure. The study recommends the residents to consume treated groundwater since the primary route of heavy metal exposure was identified to be the ingestion route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Mukherjee
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Umesh Kumar Singh
- Integrated Science Education and Research Centre (ISERC), Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India; Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya 824236, Bihar, India.
| | - Rajeev Pratap Singh
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, BHU, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepa Kumari
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731235, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Jha
- Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Allahabad, India
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Jammu, District Samba, 181143, J&K, India
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Xu J, Zhao M, Pei L, Liu X, Wei L, Li A, Mei Y, Xu Q. Effects of heavy metal mixture exposure on hematological and biomedical parameters mediated by oxidative stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:134865. [PMID: 31841905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meiduo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lu Pei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lanping Wei
- Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou 121001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yayuan Mei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China.
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Nayak S, S R, P B, Kale P. A review of chromite mining in Sukinda Valley of India: impact and potential remediation measures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:804-818. [PMID: 32028787 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1717432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sukinda Valley, one of the highly polluted areas of the world is generating tons of mining waste and causing serious health and environmental issues in its surroundings. Several reports are available reporting the severity of hexavalent chromium, yet little efforts have been made to address the pollution and its remediation due to a lack of proper remedial measures. The review highlights the pros and cons of various physical, chemical and biological techniques used worldwide for the treatment of chromium waste and also suggests better and reliable bioremediation measures. Microbes such as Acidophilium and Acidithiobacillus caldus (Bioleaching), Pseudomonas, Micrococcus and Bacillus (Bioreduction), Aereobacterium and Saccharomyces (Biosorption), are widely used for bioremediation of hexavalent chromium owing to their unique metabolic activities, ionic movement through an extracellular membrane, and other cellular adsorptions and reduction properties. The use of native and hybrid combinations of microbes supported by organic supplements is projected as a fast and efficient technique that not only reduces chromium quantity but also maintains the integrity of the microbial sources. Innovation and emphasis on nano-based products like nanocomposite, nano adsorbent, nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles and multifunctional plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) will serve as the next generation environmental remediation technologies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | | | - Balasubramanian P
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Paresh Kale
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
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Yahyazadeh E, Shemirani F. Arginine-derived carbon nanoparticles for determination of Cr(VI) in water samples. LUMINESCENCE 2020; 35:694-701. [PMID: 32012443 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), is a toxic and carcinogenic ion that poses significant risks toward human health and the environment. Due to its extensive industrial use and high water solubility, Cr(VI) can easily contaminate drinking water sources. Therefore, it is essential to develop methods to detect Cr(VI) in water samples. Recently, carbon quantum dots - being biocompatible, easy to synthesize, and cost-effective fluorophores - have been successfully applied for the determination of different heavy metal ions. In this study, arginine-derived carbon nanoparticles were synthesized using a solvent-free one-pot thermal method. These carbon nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) light spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and CHNO elemental analysis before being used to design a sensor for Cr(VI). The sensor's signal was optimized and the arginine-derived carbon nanoparticle-based Cr(VI) determination method was shown to have a limit of detection of 18 nM, a limit of quantification of 60 nM, and a linear response range of 0.06-100 μM. The sensor's selectivity toward Cr(VI) was studied and a potential interfering ion was identified and dealt with. Finally, the sensor was successfully applied for the determination of Cr(VI) in tap water and mineral water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Yahyazadeh
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shemirani
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Despite significant risks to human health due to elevated Cr(VI) concentrations in drinking water, a selective adsorbent capable of purifying water before consumption is still not commercially available. This work introduces an integrated household water filtration setup, for point-of-use applications, loaded with a tin-based Cr(VI)-oriented adsorbent that was tested under various contact times, pH values and Cr(VI) concentrations. The adsorbent comprises a chloride-substituted stannous oxy-hydroxide with a structure resembling that of the mineral abhurite. It demonstrated high reducing capacity that triggered the formation of insoluble Cr(III) hydroxides and the complete removal of Cr(VI) in considerably high volumes of polluted water. Test operation of the filtration system verified its ability to produce Cr(VI)-free water in compliance with the impending drinking water regulation, even for extreme initial concentrations (1000 μg/L). Apart from its high efficiency, the potential of the studied material is enhanced by its minimal-cost synthesis method carried out in a continuous-flow reactor by tin chloride precipitation under acidic conditions.
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Xu C, Xing D, Wang J, Xiao G. The lag effect of water pollution on the mortality rate for esophageal cancer in a rapidly industrialized region in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32852-32858. [PMID: 31502054 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Huai River basin (located in eastern China) has a population of 180 million and has the highest risk of esophageal cancer (EC) mortality in China. Some studies found that contaminants in drinking water are a major risk factor for cancers of the digestive system. However, the effect of water pollution in the historical period on the current EC mortality remains unclear. Data were collected on the EC mortality rate in 2004 in the Huai River basin in 11 counties, and data on the surface water quality in the region from 1987 to 2004 were used. The Pearson correlation and the GeoDetector q-statistic were employed to explore the association between water pollution and the EC mortality rate in different lag periods, from linear and nonlinear perspectives, respectively. The study showed apparently spatial heterogeneity of the EC mortality rate in the region. The EC mortality rate downstream is significantly higher than that in other regions; in the midstream, the region north of the mainstream has a lower average mortality rate than that south of the area. Upstream, the region north of the mainstream has a higher mortality rate than that in the southern area. The spatial pattern was formed under the influence of water pollution in the historical period. 1996, 1997, and 1998 have the strongest linear or nonlinear effect on the EC mortality rate in 2004, in which the Pearson correlation coefficient and the q-statistic were the highest, 0.79 and 0.89, respectively. Rapid industrialization in the past 20 years has caused environmental problems and poses related health risks. The study indicated that the current EC mortality rate was mainly caused by water pollution from the previous 8 years. The findings provide knowledge about the lag time for pollution effects on the EC mortality rate, and can contribute to the controlling and preventing esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dingfan Xing
- School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Gexin Xiao
- China National Center For Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, China.
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Chen QY, Murphy A, Sun H, Costa M. Molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 377:114636. [PMID: 31228494 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a naturally occurring metallic element found in the Earth's crust. While trivalent chromium ([Cr(III)] is considered non-carcinogenic, hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has long been established as an IARC class I human carcinogen, known to induce cancers of the lung. Current literature suggests that Cr(VI) is capable of inducing carcinogenesis through both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Although much has been learned about the molecular etiology of Cr(VI)-induced lung carcinogenesis, more remains to be explored. In particular, the explicit epigenetic alterations induced by Cr(VI) in lung cancer including histone modifications and miRNAs, remain understudied. Through comprehensive review of available literature found between 1973 and 2019, this article provides a summary of updated understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Cr(VI)-carcinogenesis. In addition, this review identifies potential research gaps in the areas of histone modifications and miRNAs, which may prompt new niches for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Anthony Murphy
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
| | - Max Costa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25 Street, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
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Lace A, Ryan D, Bowkett M, Cleary J. Chromium Monitoring in Water by Colorimetry Using Optimised 1,5-Diphenylcarbazide Method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101803. [PMID: 31117215 PMCID: PMC6571720 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chromium contamination of drinking water has become a global problem due to its extensive use in industry. The most commonly used methods for chromium detection in water are laboratory-based methods, such as atomic absorption spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. Although these methods are highly selective and sensitive, they require expensive maintenance and highly trained staff. Therefore, there is a growing demand for cost effective and portable detection methods that would meet the demand for mass monitoring. Microfluidic detection systems based on optical detection have great potential for onsite monitoring applications. Furthermore, their small size enables rapid sample throughput and minimises both reagent consumption and waste generation. In contrast to standard laboratory methods, there is also no requirement for sample transport and storage. The aim of this study is to optimise a colorimetric method based on 1,5-diphenylcarbazide dye for incorporation into a microfluidic detection system. Rapid colour development was observed after the addition of the dye and samples were measured at 543 nm. Beer's law was obeyed in the range between 0.03-3 mg·L-1. The detection limit and quantitation limit were found to be 0.023 and 0.076 mg·L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annija Lace
- EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Kilkenny Road, Co. Carlow R93 V960, Ireland.
| | - David Ryan
- EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Kilkenny Road, Co. Carlow R93 V960, Ireland.
| | - Mark Bowkett
- TE Laboratories Ltd. (TelLab), Loughmartin Business Park, Tullow, Co. Carlow R93 N529, Ireland.
| | - John Cleary
- EnviroCORE, Department of Science and Health, Institute of Technology Carlow, Kilkenny Road, Co. Carlow R93 V960, Ireland.
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Exposure routes and health effects of heavy metals on children. Biometals 2019; 32:563-573. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are recognized as carcinogens in the respiratory tract, giving rise to cancers of the lung, nose and nasal sinuses, especially in certain occupational environments. Inhalation exposure of Cr(VI)-containing particles, dusts and fumes commonly occurs in chromium-related occupational environments, such as chromium production, plating, welding of chromium-containing metals and alloys, electroplating, chromium-containing pigments and paints. Epidemiological surveys of chromium compounds have shown strong associations between exposure to Cr(VI) and mortality due to lung cancer, as well as positive associations with cancers of the nose and nasal cavity. Nasal symptoms, such as nasal irritation, ulceration and perforation of the nasal septum, nasal turbinate engorgement and hypertrophy, are important signs for the early diagnosis of lung cancer and cancers of the nose and nasal cavity in those with an occupational history of Cr(VI) exposure. Cr(VI) exposure in the workplace remains a serious problem as a cause of lung cancer and cancers of nose and nasal cavity, especially in relatively small enterprises that use chromium compounds. Appropriate protection for workers should be considered in occupations that involve exposure to chromium compounds.
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Suh M, Wikoff D, Lipworth L, Goodman M, Fitch S, Mittal L, Ring C, Proctor D. Hexavalent chromium and stomach cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:140-159. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1578730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Suh
- ToxStrategies, Inc, Mission Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Loren Lipworth
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Goodman
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Huang Y, Wang L, Wang W, Li T, He Z, Yang X. Current status of agricultural soil pollution by heavy metals in China: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:3034-3042. [PMID: 30463153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, agricultural soil pollution by heavy metals has been extensively investigated in China. However, nearly all studies were field monitoring in small regions and/or with limited samples, which may not represent soil pollution situation at the national scale. In this paper, attempt was made to provide a comprehensive report about heavy metal pollution in China based on meta-analysis of reviewed data. Given the characteristics of field monitoring studies, the weighted mean values based on "sampling number", "study area", and "standard deviation" were calculated to represent national mean values. In addition, subgroup analysis and cumulative meta-analysis were applied to explore the spatial and temporal variations as well as the influence of cropping systems. 336 articles published from 2005 to 2017 were reviewed in the analysis. Eight heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni)) were analyzed. The contents of Cd and Hg were increased compared to background values, while, other six elements showed no significant accumulation. Little pollution was found in normal farmland, which was far from obvious anthropogenic emissions, but Cd and Hg in mining & smelting areas and industrial areas continued to accumulate significantly. Moreover, the accumulation had slowed down or decreased since 2012, which might be due to reduced use of coals, non-ferrous metals and agro-chemicals. Heavy metal contents were generally higher in southwest and south coastal areas but lower in northwest regions, whereas vegetable and paddy fields had higher concentrations than upland and other land use. This study provides information on soil pollution caused by heavy metals and its affected regions and cropping systems on a national scale. It can be useful for developing heavy metal pollution control and management strategies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhenli He
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Samiee F, Vahidinia A, Taravati Javad M, Leili M. Exposure to heavy metals released to the environment through breastfeeding: A probabilistic risk estimation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:3075-3083. [PMID: 30373084 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Toxic heavy metals released into the environment through various anthropogenic activities, raising concerns over their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. Biological monitoring studies are of great value in toxicological research for estimation of such health effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and chromium (Cr) in the breast milk of urban mothers in Hamadan city, Iran and the accompanying health risk to infants. A total of 100 lactating mothers were recruited from public health care centers in Hamadan city and breast milk samples were collected at 2, 6, 8, and 12 months postpartum. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) has been used to measure target heavy metal concentrations. The median breast milk concentrations of Pb, As, and Cr were 41.90, 0.50, and 3.95 μg/L, respectively. The highest levels of Pb were observed after two months of delivery (with the mean of 96.69 μg/L and median of 45.70 μg/L). Up to 94% of the breast milk samples exceeded the WHO limit suggested for lead contamination of breast milk (<5 μg/L). The breast milk As and Cr contents were above the limit of detection (LOD) in 19% and 76% of samples, respectively. Unacceptable non-cancer health risk levels or hazard quotient (HQ) were found for Pb and As in 61% and 10% of the samples, respectively. Nevertheless, HQ from Cr was <1.0 for 100% of breastfeeding infants. Finally, our results indicated that there may be a potential risk of toxic metals, especially lead, for infants in Hamadan via the consumption of mothers' breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Samiee
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Vahidinia
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Nutrition Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | | | - Mostafa Leili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Dutta S, Sharma R. Sustainable Magnetically Retrievable Nanoadsorbents for Selective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions From Different Charged Wastewaters. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-815730-5.00015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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