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Lei S, Liu C, Zheng TX, Fu W, Huang MZ. The relationship of redox signaling with the risk for atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1430293. [PMID: 39148537 PMCID: PMC11324460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1430293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative balance plays a pivotal role in physiological homeostasis, and many diseases, particularly age-related conditions, are closely associated with oxidative imbalance. While the strategic role of oxidative regulation in various diseases is well-established, the specific involvement of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis remains elusive. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by plaque formation within the arteries. Alterations in the oxidative status of vascular tissues are linked to the onset, progression, and outcome of atherosclerosis. This review examines the role of redox signaling in atherosclerosis, including its impact on risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and unhealthy lifestyle, along with dysregulation, vascular homeostasis, immune system interaction, and therapeutic considerations. Understanding redox signal transduction and the regulation of redox signaling will offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Lei
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tian-Xiang Zheng
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei-Zhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery), Chongqing, Sichuan, China
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Furuta K, Tang X, Islam S, Tapia A, Chen ZB, Ibrahim SH. Endotheliopathy in the metabolic syndrome: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108372. [PMID: 36894027 PMCID: PMC10084912 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a threat to global public health due to its lethal complications. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of the MetS characterized by hepatic steatosis, which is potentially progressive to the inflammatory and fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The adipose tissue (AT) is also a major metabolic organ responsible for the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis, and thereby highly involved in the pathogenesis of the MetS. Recent studies suggest that endothelial cells (ECs) in the liver and AT are not just inert conduits but also crucial mediators in various biological processes via the interaction with other cell types in the microenvironment both under physiological and pathological conditions. Herein, we highlight the current knowledge of the role of the specialized liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in NAFLD pathophysiology. Next, we discuss the processes through which AT EC dysfunction leads to MetS progression, with a focus on inflammation and angiogenesis in the AT as well as on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of AT-ECs. In addition, we touch upon the function of ECs residing in other metabolic organs including the pancreatic islet and the gut, the dysregulation of which may also contribute to the MetS. Finally, we highlight potential EC-based therapeutic targets for human MetS, and NASH based on recent achievements in basic and clinical research and discuss how to approach unsolved problems in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunimaro Furuta
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alonso Tapia
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Samar H Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Huang Y, Song C, He J, Li M. Research progress in endothelial cell injury and repair. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997272. [PMID: 36176426 PMCID: PMC9513221 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells, which are important metabolic and endocrine cells, play an important role in regulating vascular function. The occurrence and development of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are associated with endothelial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism of vascular endothelial injury is not fully understood. It has been reported that the mechanism of endothelial injury mainly involves inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, endothelial progenitor cells are regarded as important contributors in repairing damaged endothelium. Multiple interventions (including chemical drugs and traditional Chinese medicines) exert endothelial protection by decreasing the release of inducing factors, suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress, and preventing endothelial cell senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpan Huang
- Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chong Song
- Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbin He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Huaihua, Affiliated to University of South China, Huaihua, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbin He, ; Min Li,
| | - Min Li
- Medicine School, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbin He, ; Min Li,
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Ugwoke CK, Cvetko E, Umek N. Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Dysfunction in Obesity-Related Insulin Resistance: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020847. [PMID: 35055038 PMCID: PMC8778410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worrisomely escalating public health problem globally and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality from noncommunicable disease. The epidemiological link between obesity and a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic disorders has been well documented; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are only partially understood, and effective treatment options remain scarce. Given its critical role in glucose metabolism, skeletal muscle has increasingly become a focus of attention in understanding the mechanisms of impaired insulin function in obesity and the associated metabolic sequelae. We examined the current evidence on the relationship between microvascular dysfunction and insulin resistance in obesity. A growing body of evidence suggest an intimate and reciprocal relationship between skeletal muscle microvascular and glucometabolic physiology. The obesity phenotype is characterized by structural and functional changes in the skeletal muscle microcirculation which contribute to insulin dysfunction and disturbed glucose homeostasis. Several interconnected etiologic molecular mechanisms have been suggested, including endothelial dysfunction by several factors, extracellular matrix remodelling, and induction of oxidative stress and the immunoinflammatory phenotype. We further correlated currently available pharmacological agents that have deductive therapeutic relevance to the explored pathophysiological mechanisms, highlighting a potential clinical perspective in obesity treatment.
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Pecoraro L, Zoller T, Atkinson RL, Nisi F, Antoniazzi F, Cavarzere P, Piacentini G, Pietrobelli A. Supportive treatment of vascular dysfunction in pediatric subjects with obesity: the OBELIX study. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:2. [PMID: 35013093 PMCID: PMC8748969 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight or obese children develop abnormal endothelial cell dysfunction and arterial intima-media thickening with increased vasomotor tone and inflammation. Curcumin, resveratrol, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D have shown beneficial effects on endothelial function. We test, among overweight and obese pediatric subjects, the effects on the endothelium of a combination of curcumin, resveratrol, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D. METHODS Forty-eight subjects (6-17 years) were randomized into two groups (placebo vs treatment) attended three visits at 0, 3, and 6 months (±15 days). Endothelial function was assessed by means of a post-occlusive release hyperemic (PORH) test for estimation of delta flow (DF) and hyperemic AUC index, and a heat provocation test (HPT) to measure DF HPT (DFHPT). RESULTS Significant DF difference was noted at 6 months in both groups (p < 0.001). Overall time trend was significantly different between baseline, 3 months, and 6 months both in placebo (p < 0.05) and treatment (p < 0.001) groups and their comparison (p < 0.001). No differences were noted in hyperemic AUC index (3 and 6 months), whilst there were significant differences in time trends of rreatment (p < 0.001) and placebo (p < 0.05) groups and their comparison (p < 0.001). DFHPT difference between groups was significant at 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). The overall time trend was significant exclusively in Treatment group between 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). Correlation with anthropometrics was found for DF and body mass index (r = 0.677 6 months, p < 0.05), as well as for hyperemic AUC index and males (r = 0.348, p < 0.05), while DFHPT showed no correlation. CONCLUSION Curcumin, resveratrol, zinc, magnesium, selenium, and vitamin D appear to be promising in enhancing endothelial function by improvement of both DF in the PORH test and DF in the HPT, lowering the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in overweight and obese pediatric subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pecoraro
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Paediatric Clinic, ASST Mantua, Mantua, Italy
| | - Thomas Zoller
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Richard L Atkinson
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Fulvio Nisi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Franco Antoniazzi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavarzere
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. .,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Schinzari F, Tesauro M, Cardillo C. Vasodilator Dysfunction in Human Obesity: Established and Emerging Mechanisms. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S40-S52. [PMID: 34840258 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Human obesity is associated with insulin resistance and often results in a number of metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular complications. Over the past decades, substantial advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiological pathways underlying the obesity-related vascular dysfunction have facilitated better identification of several players participating in this abnormality. However, the complex interplay between the disparate mechanisms involved has not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, in medical practice, the clinical syndromes stemming from obesity-related vascular dysfunction still carry a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality; thus, early identification and personalized clinical management seem of the essence. Here, we will initially describe the alterations of intravascular homeostatic mechanisms occurring in arteries of obese patients. Then, we will briefly enumerate those recognized causative factors of obesity-related vasodilator dysfunction, such as vascular insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, visceral adipose tissue expansion, and perivascular adipose tissue abnormalities; next, we will discuss in greater detail some emerging pathophysiological mechanisms, including skeletal muscle inflammation, signals from gut microbiome, and the role of extracellular vesicles and microRNAs. Finally, it will touch on some gaps in knowledge, as well as some current acquisitions for specific treatment regimens, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 enhancers and sodium-glucose transporter2 inhibitors, that could arrest or slow the progression of this abnormality full of unwanted consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; and
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Department of Aging, Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Balakumar P, Alqahtani A, Khan NA, Alqahtani T, A T, Jagadeesh G. The physiologic and physiopathologic roles of perivascular adipose tissue and its interactions with blood vessels and the renin-angiotensin system. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105890. [PMID: 34536547 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to an ectopic local deposit of connective tissue that anatomically surrounds most of the blood vessels. While it was initially known only as a structural support for vasculature, the landmark findings of Soltis and Cassis (1991), first demonstrating that PVAT reduces the contractions of norepinephrine in the isolated rat aorta, brought the potential vascular role of PVAT into the limelight. This seminal work implied the potential ability of PVAT to influence vascular responsiveness. Several vasoactive/vasocrine substances influencing vascular homeostasis were successively shown to be released from PVAT that include both adipocyte-derived relaxing and contracting factors. The PVAT is currently recognized as a metabolically active endocrine organ and is eventually considered as the 'protagonist' in vascular homeostasis. It plays prominent defending and opposing roles in vascular function, while the actual vascular influences of PVAT vary with an increase in adiposity. Recent studies have presented compelling evidence implicating the pivotal role of PVAT in the local activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which substantially impacts vascular physiology and physiopathology. Current findings have advanced our understanding of the role of PVAT in favorably or adversely modulating the vascular function through differential RAS activation. Given that adipocytes also produce major RAS components locally to influence vascular function, this review provides a scientific basis to distinctly understand the key role of PVAT in regulating the autocrine and paracrine functions of vascular RAS components and its potential as an emerging therapeutic target for mitigating cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul 624005, India.
| | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noohu Abdulla Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thangathirupathi A
- Department of Pharmacology, Pannai College of Pharmacy, Dindigul 624005, India
| | - Gowraganahalli Jagadeesh
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Office of Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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Li M, Qian M, Kyler K, Xu J. Adipose Tissue-Endothelial Cell Interactions in Obesity-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:681581. [PMID: 34277732 PMCID: PMC8282205 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.681581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a strong impact on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, which raises enthusiasm to understand how excess adiposity causes vascular injury. Adipose tissue is an essential regulator of cardiovascular system through its endocrine and paracrine bioactive products. Obesity induces endothelial dysfunction, which often precedes and leads to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Connecting adipose tissue-endothelial cell interplay to endothelial dysfunction may help us to better understand obesity-induced cardiovascular disease. This Mini Review discussed (1) the general interactions and obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction, (2) potential targets, and (3) the outstanding questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manna Li
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Ming Qian
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Kathy Kyler
- Office of Research Administration, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma, OK, United States
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Liu Y, Wang C, Wei M, Yang G, Yuan L. Multifaceted Roles of Adipose Tissue-Derived Exosomes in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Front Physiol 2021; 12:669429. [PMID: 33959041 PMCID: PMC8093393 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.669429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue functions importantly in the bodily homeostasis and systemic metabolism, while obesity links to multiple disorders. Beyond the canonical hormones, growth factors and cytokines, exosomes have been identified to play important roles in transmission of information from adipose tissue to other organs. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles secreted by donor cells, and transfer the genetic information to the recipient cells where the encapsulated nucleic acids and proteins are released. In this review, we elaborate the recent advances in the biogenesis and profiling of adipose tissue derived exosomes, and their physiological and pathological effects on different organs. Moreover, the potential significance of the exosomes as therapeutic vehicles or drugs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunnan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Wang XL, Zeng S, Li XX, Zhao Y, Wang XH, Li T, Liu S. The Protective Effects of Butorphanol on Pulmonary Function of Patients with Obesity Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Obes Surg 2021; 30:3919-3929. [PMID: 32535786 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04755-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Recent studies have reported the pulmonary protective role of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). Butorphanol is a narcotic with strong KOR agonist action, and the role in pulmonary protection is uncertain. Here, we hypothesized that butorphanol exerts protective effects on pulmonary function in patients with obesity undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. METHODS Patients with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 scheduled for laparoscopic bariatric surgery were randomized to receive butorphanol or normal saline. Butorphanol was administered as an initial loading dose of 10 μg/kg at 5 min before induction followed by 5 μg/(kg h) during surgery. The primary outcome was arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratio (a/A ratio). Secondary outcomes included other pulmonary variables, biomarkers reflecting pulmonary injury, and incidence of PPCs within 7 days after surgery. RESULTS Patients in the butorphanol group had a significantly higher a/A ratio at 1 h after the operation began (68 ± 7 vs. 55 ± 8, P < 0.001), end of the operation (73 ± 8 vs. 59 ± 7, P < 0.001), and 1 h after extubation (83 ± 9 vs. 70 ± 5, P < 0.001) compared with those in the control group. In addition, in the butorphanol group, dead space to tidal volume ratios were significantly lower than those in the control group at the same time points (all P < 0.001). In the control group, the levels of biomarkers reflecting pulmonary injury were significantly higher than those in the butorphanol group at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h postoperatively (P < 0.001). The incidence of PPCs was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Butorphanol administration protected pulmonary function by improving oxygenation and reducing dead space ventilation in patients with obesity undergoing laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Butorphanol may therefore provide clinical benefits in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Li Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Si Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing-He Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 Huaihai West Road, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
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Huang YC, Huang JC, Lin CI, Chien HH, Lin YY, Wang CL, Liang FW, Dai CY, Chuang HY. Comparison of Innovative and Traditional Cardiometabolic Indices in Estimating Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adults. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040603. [PMID: 33800660 PMCID: PMC8067018 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the performance of innovative and traditional cardiometabolic indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), visceral adiposity index, lipid accumulation product, a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index, conicity index (CI), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC, in estimating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in 3143 Taiwanese adults aged 20–79 years. Elevated 10-year ASCVD risk was defined as ≥7.5% using the Pooled Cohort Equations. The performance of different indices in estimating elevated ASCVD risk was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses, all cardiometabolic indices (p-value < 0.001) were significantly associated with elevated ASCVD risk in both genders, except for ABSI and CI in women. In particular, CVAI had the largest area under the curve (AUC) in men (0.721) and women (0.883) in the ROC analyses. BMI had the lowest AUC in men (0.617), while ABSI had the lowest AUC in women (0.613). The optimal cut-off value for CVAI was 83.7 in men and 70.8 in women. CVAI performed best among various cardiometabolic indices in estimating elevated ASCVD risk. CVAI may be a reliable index for identifying people at increased risk of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chin Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (C.-I.L.); (H.-H.C.)
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.L.); (C.-L.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
- Master Program of Public Health, Department of Public Health, College of Heath Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Chi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-I Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (C.-I.L.); (H.-H.C.)
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.L.); (C.-L.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Hsu-Han Chien
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan; (Y.-C.H.); (C.-I.L.); (H.-H.C.)
| | - Yu-Yin Lin
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.L.); (C.-L.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Chao-Ling Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.L.); (C.-L.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
| | - Fu-Wen Liang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-W.L.); (C.-Y.D.)
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-W.L.); (C.-Y.D.)
| | - Hung-Yi Chuang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (Y.-Y.L.); (C.-L.W.); (H.-Y.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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12
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Differences in the vascular and metabolic profiles between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2020.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Association of Gut Hormones and Microbiota with Vascular Dysfunction in Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020613. [PMID: 33668627 PMCID: PMC7918888 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, obesity has reached pandemic proportions. Obesity is among the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, since chronic fat accumulation leads to dysfunction in vascular endothelium and to a precocious arterial stiffness. So far, not all the mechanisms linking adipose tissue and vascular reactivity have been explained. Recently, novel findings reported interesting pathological link between endothelial dysfunction with gut hormones and gut microbiota and energy homeostasis. These findings suggest an active role of gut secretome in regulating the mediators of vascular function, such as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) that need to be further investigated. Moreover, a central role of brain has been suggested as a main player in the regulation of the different factors and hormones beyond these complex mechanisms. The aim of the present review is to discuss the state of the art in this field, by focusing on the processes leading to endothelial dysfunction mediated by obesity and metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance. The role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), gut hormones, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and the CNS function in controlling satiety have been considered. Further understanding the crosstalk between these complex mechanisms will allow us to better design novel strategies for the prevention of obesity and its complications.
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14
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Capillary Rarefaction in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases-Organ-Specificity and Possible Mechanisms. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122683. [PMID: 33327460 PMCID: PMC7764934 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Metabolic diseases cause vascular dysfunction and loss of capillaries termed capillary rarefaction. Interestingly, obesity seems to affect capillary beds in an organ-specific manner, causing morphological and functional changes in some tissues but not in others. Accordingly, treatment strategies targeting capillary rarefaction result in distinct outcomes depending on the organ. In recent years, organ-specific vasculature and endothelial heterogeneity have been in the spotlight in the field of vascular biology since specialized vascular systems have been shown to contribute to organ function by secreting varying autocrine and paracrine factors and by providing niches for stem cells. This review summarizes the recent literature covering studies on organ-specific capillary rarefaction observed in obesity and metabolic diseases and explores the underlying mechanisms, with multiple modes of action proposed. It also provides a glimpse of the reported therapeutic perspectives targeting capillary rarefaction. Further studies should address the reasons for such organ-specificity of capillary rarefaction, investigate strategies for its prevention and reversibility and examine potential signaling pathways that can be exploited to target it.
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Wu J, Liang J, Li M, Lin M, Mai L, Huang X, Liang J, Hu Y, Huang Y. Modulation of miRNAs by vitamin C in H2O2‑exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:2150-2160. [PMID: 33125125 PMCID: PMC7595655 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C plays a protective role in oxidative damage by blocking the effects of free radicals. The present study investigated the mechanisms through which vitamin C partly mediates anti‑apoptotic and antioxidant functions via the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs). For this purpose, a global miRNA expression analysis on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with vitamin C was conducted using microarrays containing human precursor and mature miRNA probes. The results revealed that there were 42 identical miRNAs among the differentially expressed miRNAs in the HUVEC group and H2O2 + vitamin C‑treated HUVEC group compared to the H2O2‑exposed HUVEC group, including 41 upregulated miRNAs and 1 down‑regulated miRNA. Using bioinformatics analysis, differentially expressed miRNAs were investigated to identify novel target mRNAs and signaling pathways. Pathway enrichment analyses revealed that apoptosis, the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway and oxidative phosphorylation were significantly enriched. The results from western blot analysis demonstrated that the interleukin (IL)10, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, cAMP‑response element binding protein (CREB) and p‑CREB protein expression levels in HUVECs transfected with hsa‑miR‑3928‑5p and induced by H2O2 were significantly downregulated; the MAPK9, caspase‑3 (CASP3) and p‑CASP3 protein expression levels in HUVECs transfected with hsa‑miR‑323a‑5p and induced by H2O2 were significantly downregulated. The present study therefore demonstrates that vitamin C partly exerts protective effects on HUVECs through the regulation of miRNA/mRNA axis expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Meijun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Mai
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiu Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Foshan Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Yunzhao Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales 2042, Australia
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16
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Goto K, Kitazono T. Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) in diet-induced obesity. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2020.100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Wiggenhauser LM, Kroll J. Vascular Damage in Obesity and Diabetes: Highlighting Links Between Endothelial Dysfunction and Metabolic Disease in Zebrafish and Man. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 17:476-490. [PMID: 30378499 DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666181031101413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an initial pathophysiological mechanism of vascular damage and is further recognized as an independent predictor of negative prognosis in diabetes-induced micro- and macrovascular complications. Insight into the capability of zebrafish to model metabolic disease like obesity and type II diabetes has increased and new evidence on the induction of vascular pathologies in zebrafish through metabolic disease is available. Here, we raise the question, if zebrafish can be utilized to study the initial impairments of vascular complications in metabolic disorders. In this review, we focus on the advances made to develop models of obesity and type II diabetes in zebrafish, discuss the key points and characteristics of these models, while highlighting the available information linked to the development of endothelial dysfunction in zebrafish and man. We show that larval and adult zebrafish develop metabolic dysregulation in the settings of obesity and diabetes, exhibiting pathophysiological mechanisms, which mimic the human condition. The most important genes related to endothelial dysfunction are present in zebrafish and further display similar functions as in mammals. Several suggested contributors to endothelial dysfunction found in these models, namely hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia and hyperleptinaemia are highlighted and the available data from zebrafish are summarised. Many underlying processes of endothelial dysfunction in obesity and diabetes are fundamentally present in zebrafish and provide ground for the assumption, that zebrafish can develop endothelial dysfunction. Conservation of basic biological mechanisms is established for zebrafish, but focused investigation on the subject is now needed as validation and particularly more research is necessary to understand the differences between zebrafish and man. The available data demonstrate the relevance of zebrafish as a model for metabolic disease and their ability to become a proponent for the investigation of vascular damage in the settings of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Moritz Wiggenhauser
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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The Role of Momordica charantia in Resisting Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183251. [PMID: 31487939 PMCID: PMC6765959 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia (M. charantia), commonly known as bitter gourd, bitter melon, kugua, balsam pear, or karela, is a tropical and sub-tropical vine belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. It has been used to treat a variety of diseases in the traditional medicine of China, India, and Sri Lanka. Here, we review the anti-obesity effects of various bioactive components of M. charantia established at the cellular and organismal level. We aim to provide links between various bioactive components of M. charantia and their anti-obesity mechanism. An advanced search was conducted on the worldwide accepted scientific databases via electronic search (Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, ACS Publications, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, SciFinder, CNKI) database with the query TS = “Momordica charantia” and “obesity”. Information was also obtained from International Plant Names Index, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Chinese herbal classic books, online databases, PhD and MSc dissertations, etc. First, studies showing the anti-obesity effects of M. charantia on the cells and on animals were classified. The major bioactive components that showed anti-obesity activities included proteins, triterpenoids, saponins, phenolics, and conjugated linolenic acids. Their mechanisms included inhibition of fat synthesis, promotion of glucose utilization, and stimulation of auxiliary lipid-lowering activity. Finally, we summarized the risks of excessive consumption of M. charantia and the application. Although further research is necessary to explore various issues, this review establishes the therapeutic potential of M. charantia and it is highly promising candidate for the development of anti-obesity health products and medicines.
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is an increasingly prevalent constellation of disease processes among the global population. Hypertension and obesity are among the contributing etiologies, and obesity increases the likelihood of hypertensive heart disease by creating a proinflammatory state, as well as increasing sympathetic tone and formation of reactive oxygen species. Hypertensive heart disease is characterized by myocardial fibrosis, which portends higher risk of developing reduced ejection fraction, diastolic dysfunction, ischemia, and arrhythmias, making early diagnosis and treatment essential to the prevention of cardiac events.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Joseph Saliba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University-Wexner Medical Center, 395 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Scott Maffett
- Ohio State University-Wexner Medical Center, 452 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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21
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Idrizaj E, Garella R, Castellini G, Francini F, Ricca V, Baccari MC, Squecco R. Adiponectin Decreases Gastric Smooth Muscle Cell Excitability in Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1000. [PMID: 31447692 PMCID: PMC6691180 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some adipokines known to regulate food intake at a central level can also affect gastrointestinal motor responses. These are recognized to be peripheral signals able to influence feeding behavior as well. In this view, it has been recently observed that adiponectin (ADPN), which seems to have a role in sending satiety signals at the central nervous system level, actually affects the mechanical responses in gastric strips from mice. However, at present, there are no data in the literature about the electrophysiological effects of ADPN on gastric smooth muscle. To this aim, we achieved experiments on smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of gastric fundus to find out a possible action on SMC excitability and on membrane phenomena leading to the mechanical response. Experiments were made inserting a microelectrode in a single cell of a muscle strip of the gastric fundus excised from adult female mice. We found that ADPN was able to hyperpolarize the resting membrane potential, to enhance the delayed rectifier K+ currents and to reduce the voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents. Our overall results suggest an inhibitory action of ADPN on gastric SMC excitation-contraction coupling. In conclusion, the depressant action of ADPN on the gastric SMC excitability, here reported for the first time, together with its well-known involvement in metabolism, might lead us to consider a possible contribution of ADPN also as a peripheral signal in the hunger-satiety cycle and thus in feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Francini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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22
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Peterson SJ, Rubinstein R, Faroqui M, Raza A, Boumaza I, Zhang Y, Stec D, Abraham NG. Positive Effects of Heme Oxygenase Upregulation on Adiposity and Vascular Dysfunction: Gene Targeting vs. Pharmacologic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102514. [PMID: 31121826 PMCID: PMC6566770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Heme oxygenase (HO-1) plays a critical role in adipogenesis and it is important to understand its function in obesity. Many studies have shown that upregulation of HO-1 can affect the biologic parameters in obesity-mediated diabetes, hypertension and vascular endothelial cell function. Thus, we aimed to explore the hypothesis that upregulation of HO-1, using a pharmacologic approach as well as gene targeting, would improve both adiposity and endothelial cell dysfunction by direct targeting of endothelial cells. Our second aim was to compare the short-term effect of a HO-1 inducer, cobalt-protoporphrin IX (CoPP), with the long-term effects of gene targeted therapy on vascular and adipocyte stem cells in obese mice. Method: We examined the effect of CoPP on fat pre-adipocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We also used a lentiviral construct that expressed heme oxygenase (HO-1) that was under the control of an endothelium specific promoter, vascular endothelium cadherin (VECAD) heme oxygenase (VECAD-HO-1). We targeted endothelial cells using vascular endothelium cadherin/green fluorescent protein fusion construct (VECAD-GFP) as the control. Conditioned media (CM) from endothelial cells (EC) was added to fat derived adipocytes. Additionally, we treated renal interlobar arteries with phenylephrine and dosed cumulative increments of acetylcholine both with and without exposure to CoPP. We did the same vascular reactivity experiments with VECAD-HO-1 lentiviral construct compared to the control. Results: CoPP improved vascular reactivity and decreased adipogenesis compared to the control. MSCs exposed to CM from EC transfected with VECAD-HO-1 showed decreased adipogenesis, smaller lipid droplet size and decreased PPAR-γ, C/EBP and increased Wnt 10b compared to the control. HO-1 upregulation had a direct effect on reducing adipogenesis. This effect was blocked by tin mesoporphrin (SnMP). EC treated with VECAD-HO-1 expressed lower levels of ICAM and VCAM compared to the control, suggesting improved EC function. This also improved ACH induced vascular reactivity. These effects were also reversed by SnMP. The effect of viral transfection was much more specific and sustained than the effects of pharmacologic therapy, CoPP. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that a pharmacological inducer of HO-1 such as CoPP improves endothelial cell function while dampening adipogenesis, but long-term HO-1 expression by direct targeting of endothelial cells by gene transfer therapy may offer a more specific and ideal solution. This was evidenced by smaller healthier adipocytes that had improved insulin sensitivity, suggesting increased adiponectin levels. HO-1 upregulation reestablished the “crosstalk” between perivascular adipose tissue and the vascular system that was lost in the chronic inflammatory state of obesity. This study demonstrates that gene targeting of EC may well be the future direction in treating obesity induced EC dysfunction, with the finding that targeting the vasculature had a direct and sustained effect on adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA.
| | - Rochelle Rubinstein
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
| | - Mouzam Faroqui
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA.
| | - Adnan Raza
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA.
| | - Imene Boumaza
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA.
| | - Yilun Zhang
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - David Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI 39216, USA.
| | - Nader G Abraham
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Marshall University, Joan Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV 25701, USA.
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23
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Wang P, Wang SC, Yang H, Lv C, Jia S, Liu X, Wang X, Meng D, Qin D, Zhu H, Wang YF. Therapeutic Potential of Oxytocin in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:454. [PMID: 31178679 PMCID: PMC6537480 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cardiovascular disease responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The major pathophysiological basis of CAD is atherosclerosis in association with varieties of immunometabolic disorders that can suppress oxytocin (OT) receptor (OTR) signaling in the cardiovascular system (CVS). By contrast, OT not only maintains cardiovascular integrity but also has the potential to suppress and even reverse atherosclerotic alterations and CAD. These protective effects of OT are associated with its protection of the heart and blood vessels from immunometabolic injuries and the resultant inflammation and apoptosis through both peripheral and central approaches. As a result, OT can decelerate the progression of atherosclerosis and facilitate the recovery of CVS from these injuries. At the cellular level, the protective effect of OT on CVS involves a broad array of OTR signaling events. These signals mainly belong to the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway that is composed of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase cascades and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2. Additionally, AMP-activated protein kinase, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase signaling and many others are also implicated in OTR signaling in the CVS protection. These signaling events interact coordinately at many levels to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of apoptotic pathways. A particular target of these signaling events is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial oxidative stress that interact through mitochondria-associated ER membrane. In contrast to these protective effects and machineries, rare but serious cardiovascular disturbances were also reported in labor induction and animal studies including hypotension, reflexive tachycardia, coronary spasm or thrombosis and allergy. Here, we review our current understanding of the protective effect of OT against varieties of atherosclerotic etiologies as well as the approaches and underlying mechanisms of these effects. Moreover, potential cardiovascular disturbances following OT application are also discussed to avoid unwanted effects in clinical trials of OT usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Stephani C Wang
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Haipeng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Lv
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuwei Jia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dexin Meng
- Department of Physiology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Danian Qin
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University of Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Zhao Q, Yang J, Liu B, Huang F, Li Y. Exosomes derived from mangiferin‑stimulated perivascular adipose tissue ameliorate endothelial dysfunction. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4797-4805. [PMID: 30957183 PMCID: PMC6522825 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is considered to serve a vital role during the development of endothelial dysfunction. The current study investigated the effect of exosomes derived from mangiferin-stimulated PVAT on endothelial function, including regeneration, migration, apoptosis and inflammation. The number of exosomes secreted by PVAT was increased by stimulation with mangiferin (0.1, 1 or 10 µM), and uptake of these exosomes by endothelial cells was observed. Exosomes produced by stimulation of PVAT with mangiferin reversed the effects of inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction following palmitic acid (PA) treatment. Furthermore, nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in endothelial cells was significantly increased when treated with PA-induced PVAT-derived exosomes, whereas exosomes from the supernatant of PVAT stimulated with mangiferin reduced p65 and p50 phosphorylation levels in the cells, and inhibited p65 transportation to the nucleus. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that exosomes derived from mangiferin-stimulated PVAT supernatant inhibited inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction via modulation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
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25
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De Stefano A, Mannucci L, Tamburi F, Cardillo C, Schinzari F, Rovella V, Nisticò S, Bennardo L, Di Daniele N, Tesauro M. Lp-PLA 2, a new biomarker of vascular disorders in metabolic diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2019; 33:2058738419827154. [PMID: 30706739 PMCID: PMC6360470 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419827154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are chronic disorders correlated to a greater risk of cardiovascular event and death. Recently, many data have sustained the biological link between microvascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, vascular inflammation, and metabolic diseases. The determination of new and specific blood biomarkers of vascular inflammation associated with obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes such as lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) could be useful to identify subject with high risk of cardiovascular events. Lp-PLA2 participates by a crucial role in microvascular dysfunction and oxidative stress showing positive association with metabolic disorders. In this review, we will argue the evolving role of Lp-PLA2 in predicting cardiovascular events in metabolic disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliana Mannucci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Tamburi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Schinzari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Steven Nisticò
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Steven Nisticò, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Germaneto (CZ), 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Luigi Bennardo
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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27
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Liu G, Li M, Saeed M, Xu Y, Ren Q, Sun C. αMSH inhibits adipose inflammation via reducing FoxOs transcription and blocking Akt/JNK pathway in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47642-47654. [PMID: 28514752 PMCID: PMC5564594 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH) abates inflammation in multiple tissues, while Forkhead box proteins O (FoxOs) stimulate inflammatory cascade. However, the relationship between αMSH and FoxOs in adipose inflammation remains unclear. In this study, we used LPS-induced inflammation model, attempted to interpret the function of αMSH in inflammation and the interactions with FoxOs. Results indicated that upon inflammatory situation, the secretion of αMSH and the expression of its receptor MC5R were greatly decreased, but FoxOs expressions were elevated. After the treatment with αMSH, LPS-induced adipose inflammation together with FoxOs expressions was significantly reduced. Conversely, when Foxo1, Foxo3a or Foxo4 overexpressed in αMSH treated inflammatory mouse model, all the anti-inflammatory impacts of αMSH were found disappeared. We further studied the mechanisms by which αMSH exerts its anti-inflammatory impacts and how FoxOs reverse αMSH's function. Foxo4 was found as a negative regulator for MC5R transcription in αMSH inhibited inflammation. Moreover, a negative role was found of αMSH in regulating both Akt and JNK signal pathways by observing the enhanced the anti-inflammatory impacts of pathway-specific inhibitors with αMSH treatment. Our findings demonstrate αMSH plays a key role in the prevention of adipose inflammation and inflammatory diseases by down-regulating Akt/JNK signal pathway and negatively interacting with FoxOs, which brings up αMSH as a novel candidate factor in the adipose anti-inflammation process in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannv Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Meihang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yatao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qian Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Metabolic profiling of visceral adipose tissue from obese subjects with or without metabolic syndrome. Biochem J 2018; 475:1019-1035. [PMID: 29437994 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents one of the most complex public health challenges and has recently reached epidemic proportions. Obesity is also considered to be primarily responsible for the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome, defined as the coexistence in the same individual of several risk factors for atherosclerosis, including dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia, as well as for cancer. Additionally, the presence of three of the five risk factors (abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides, high fasting glucose and high blood pressure) characterizes metabolic syndrome, which has serious clinical consequences. The current study was conducted in order to identify metabolic differences in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) collected from obese (body mass index 43-48) human subjects who were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, obese individuals who were metabolically healthy and nonobese healthy controls. Extensive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analyses were used to obtain the untargeted VAT metabolomic profiles of 481 metabolites belonging to all biochemical pathways. Our results indicated consistent increases in oxidative stress markers from the pathologically obese samples in addition to subtle markers of elevated glucose levels that may be consistent with metabolic syndrome. In the tissue derived from the pathologically obese subjects, there were significantly elevated levels of plasmalogens, which may be increased in response to oxidative changes in addition to changes in glycerolphosphorylcholine, glycerolphosphorylethanolamine glycerolphosphorylserine, ceramides and sphingolipids. These data could be potentially helpful for recognizing new pathways that underlie the metabolic-vascular complications of obesity and may lead to the development of innovative targeted therapies.
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Restini CBA, Ismail A, Kumar RK, Burnett R, Garver H, Fink GD, Watts SW. Renal perivascular adipose tissue: Form and function. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 106:37-45. [PMID: 29454047 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal sympathetic activity affects blood pressure in part by increasing renovascular resistance via release of norepinephrine (NE) from sympathetic nerves onto renal arteries. Here we test the idea that adipose tissue adjacent to renal blood vessels, i.e. renal perivascular adipose tissue (RPVAT), contains a pool of NE which can be released to alter renal vascular function. RPVAT was obtained from around the main renal artery/vein of the male Sprague Dawley rats. Thoracic aortic PVAT and mesenteric PVAT also were studied as brown-like and white fat comparators respectively. RPVAT was identified as a mix of white and brown adipocytes, because of expression of both brown-like (e.g. uncoupling protein 1) and white adipogenic genes. All PVATs contained NE (ng/g tissue, RPVAT:524 ± 68, TAPVAT:740 ± 16, MPVAT:96 ± 24). NE was visualized specifically in RPVAT adipocytes by immunohistochemistry. The presence of RPVAT (+RPVAT) did not alter the response of isolated renal arteries to NE compared to responses of arteries without RPVAT (-RPVAT). By contrast, the maximum contraction to the sympathomimetic tyramine was ~2× greater in the renal artery +PVAT versus -PVAT. Tyramine-induced contraction in +RPVAT renal arteries was reduced by the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin and the NE transporter inhibitor nisoxetine. These results suggest that tyramine caused release of NE from RPVAT. Renal denervation significantly (>50%) reduced NE content of RPVAT but did not modify tyramine-induced contraction of +RPVAT renal arteries. Collectively, these data support the existence of a releasable pool of NE in RPVAT that is independent of renal sympathetic innervation and has the potential to change renal arterial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Baraldi A Restini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, United States
| | - Alex Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, United States
| | - Ramya K Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, United States
| | - Robert Burnett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, United States
| | - Hannah Garver
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, United States
| | - Gregory D Fink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, United States
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1317, United States.
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NGS Reveals Molecular Pathways Affected by Obesity and Weight Loss-Related Changes in miRNA Levels in Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010066. [PMID: 29280944 PMCID: PMC5796016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both obesity and weight loss may cause molecular changes in adipose tissue. This study aimed to characterize changes in adipose tissue miRNome in order to identify molecular pathways affected by obesity and weight changes. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in 47 samples of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues from normal-weight (N), obese (O) and obese after surgery-induced weight loss (PO) individuals. Subsequently miRNA expression was validated by real-time PCR in 197 adipose tissues and bioinformatics analysis performed to identify molecular pathways affected by obesity-related changes in miRNA expression. NGS identified 344 miRNAs expressed in adipose tissues with ≥5 reads per million. Using >2 and <−2 fold change as cut-offs we showed that the expression of 54 miRNAs differed significantly between VAT-O and SAT-O. Equally, between SAT-O and SAT-N, the expression of 20 miRNAs differed significantly, between SAT-PO and SAT-N the expression of 79 miRNAs differed significantly, and between SAT-PO and SAT-O, the expression of 61 miRNAs differed significantly. Ontological analyses disclosed several molecular pathways regulated by these miRNAs in adipose tissue. NGS-based miRNome analysis characterized changes of the miRNA profile of adipose tissue, which are associated with changes of weight possibly responsible for a differential regulation of molecular pathways in adipose tissue when the individual is obese and after the individual has lost weight.
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Li M, Qian M, Xu J. Vascular Endothelial Regulation of Obesity-Associated Insulin Resistance. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:51. [PMID: 28848738 PMCID: PMC5552760 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that predisposes individuals to metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, all of which are related to an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Identification of the pathogenic molecular mechanisms and effective therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. A well-accepted paradigm is that crosstalk between organs/tissues contributes to diseases. Endothelial dysfunction characterizes metabolic disorders and the related vascular complications. Over the past two decades, overwhelming studies have focused on mechanisms that lead to endothelial dysfunction. New investigations, however, have begun to appreciate the opposite direction of the crosstalk: endothelial regulation of metabolism, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes the evidence that supports the concept of endothelial regulation of obesity and the associated insulin resistance in fat, liver, and skeletal muscles, the classic targets of insulin. Outstanding questions and future research directions are highlighted. Identification of the mechanisms of vascular endothelial regulation of metabolism may offer strategies for prevention and treatment of obesity and the related metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manna Li
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Ming Qian
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Medicine, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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