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Namukasa S, Maina R, Nakaziba S, Among G, Asasira L, Mayambala P, Atukwatse J, Namuguzi M, Sarki AM. Prevalence of sickle cell trait and needs assessment for uptake of sickle cell screening among secondary school students in Kampala City, Uganda. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296119. [PMID: 38241244 PMCID: PMC10798531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most frequent and traumatizing genetic disease in Uganda, with the prevalence of the sickle cell trait (SCT) estimated at 13.3% leading to serious psycho-social and economic impact on the patients and their families. AIM This study aimed to determine the burden of SCT and factors influencing the uptake of screening services among secondary school students in Uganda. METHODS We used an analytical cross-sectional design with a multi-stage sampling approach. A total of 399 students from four secondary schools in Kampala City were enrolled in this study. Data were gathered using semi-structured questionnaires and blood screening. We used the sickling test to determine the presence of sickle cell alleles among the participants and hemoglobin electrophoresis as a confirmatory test. Data gathered using the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS In total, 5.8% of participants who were tested during this study had SCT. Most (80.2%) participants were not in an intimate relationship at the time of data collection. The majority (60.4%) had moderate knowledge about SCT screening and obtained information about screening from the school. Only 29 (7.3%) participants knew of a family member with sickle cell. Overall, participants had a negative attitude toward SCT screening (67%), although 41.6% believed that most people who were sickle cell carriers did not live long and were often sick. Statistically significant associations were found between testing for SCT and knowing a partner's sickle cell status (odds ratio [OR] 2.112, p = 0.043) and Anglican religion (OR 2.075, p = 0.047). CONCLUSION Despite the moderate level of knowledge and negative attitudes, a relatively large number of participants had SCT. This highlights the need for a comprehensive health education package targeting adolescents to promote SCD/SCT screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Namukasa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rose Maina
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sarah Nakaziba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Among
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lydia Asasira
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Joseph Atukwatse
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary Namuguzi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ahmed M. Sarki
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University, Kampala, Uganda
- Family and Youth Health Initiative (FAYOHI), Duste, Jigawa State, Nigeria
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Aggarwal P, Bhat D. Genetic counseling in sickle cell disease: Insights from the Indian tribal population. J Community Genet 2023; 14:345-353. [PMID: 37540483 PMCID: PMC10444709 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-023-00661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin. With an overall prevalence of 4.3%, India is the second-largest hub of SCD after Africa. Genetic counseling (GC) is the most cost-effective intervention to reduce the burden of a genetic disease including SCD. Even though GC's role in reducing SCD birth prevalence is well established, it is still not incorporated into Indian national policy and is unavailable to most Indians approaching their marriageable age and childbirth. GC perception and efficacy have also not been explored yet among young adults, especially in Indian tribal communities. Counseling in these communities requires careful consideration of their socioeconomic, cultural, and ethical values. Community engagement with local tribes and healthcare infrastructure in a multitier approach is essential for an effective GC. This review aims to provide healthcare providers and genetic counselors with the essentials of GC in the prevention and management of SCD among tribal communities based on the author's counseling experience in South India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Aggarwal
- Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepa Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
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Agbozo WK, Amanor E, Acheampong EO, Kotei B, Attoh LN, Yeboah D, Odonkor P, Obiri S, Kwarteng A, Larbi A. Assessing knowledge of sickle cell disease and health beliefs on premarital genetic screening among healthcare trainees at a tertiary institution: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1128. [PMID: 36846532 PMCID: PMC9951192 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The uptake of sickle cell trait (SCT) test is challenged by several factors. A community of healthcare professionals educating the public to undergo screening is critical in reducing the disease burden. We investigated knowledge and attitude towards premarital SCT screening among healthcare trainee students who are the next generation of healthcare practitioners. Methods A cross-sectional design was employed, and quantitative data were collected from 451 female students pursuing healthcare programs at a tertiary institution in Ghana. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results More than half of the participants were 20-24 years (54.55%) and had good knowledge (71.18%) about sickle cell disease (SCD). Age and school or social media as sources of information were significantly associated with good knowledge about SCD. Students between the age 20-24 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.54, confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-4.97) and knowledge (AOR = 2.19, CI = 1.41-3.39) were 3 times and 2 times more likely to have a positive perception about SCD severity. Students who have SCT (AOR = 5.16, CI = 2.46-10.82), whose source of information was family member/friends (AOR = 2.83, CI = 1.44-5.59) and social media (AOR = 4.59, CI = 2.09-10.12) were 5 times, 2 times and 5 times likely to have a positive perception about the susceptibility of SCD. Students whose source of information is school (AOR = 2.06, CI = 1.11-3.81) and who have good knowledge of SCD (AOR = 2.25, CI = 1.44-3.52) were 2 times more likely to have a positive perception about the benefits of testing. Students with SCT (AOR = 2.64, CI = 1.36-5.13) and source of information was social media (AOR = 3.01, CI = 1.36-6.64) were about 3 times more likely to have a positive perception about the barriers to testing. Conclusion Our data shows that high level of SCD knowledge influences positive perceptions about the severity of SCD, the benefits and relatively low barriers to SCT or SCD testing and genetic counseling. Dissemination of SCT, SCD and premarital genetic counseling education should be intensified especially in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Kwaku Agbozo
- Department of Physician AssistantshipCentral UniversityMiotsoGhana
- West African Genetic Medicine Centre (WAGMC)University of GhanaLegon‐AccraGhana
| | - Ernest Amanor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Eugene Owusu Acheampong
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Brenda Kotei
- Department of NursingCentral UniversityMiotsoGhana
| | | | - David Yeboah
- Department of Physician AssistantshipCentral UniversityMiotsoGhana
| | - Prince Odonkor
- Department of Physician AssistantshipCentral UniversityMiotsoGhana
| | - Seth Obiri
- Department of Physician AssistantshipCentral UniversityMiotsoGhana
| | - Alexander Kwarteng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical MedicineKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
| | - Amma Larbi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana
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Iltis AS, Rolf L, Yaeger L, Goodman MS, DuBois JM. Attitudes and beliefs regarding race-targeted genetic testing of Black people: A systematic review. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:435-461. [PMID: 36644818 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Geographical ancestry has been associated with an increased risk of various genetic conditions. Race and ethnicity often have been used as proxies for geographical ancestry. Despite numerous problems associated with the crude reliance on race and ethnicity as proxies for geographical ancestry, some genetic testing in the clinical, research, and employment settings has been and continues to be race- or ethnicity-based. Race-based or race-targeted genetic testing refers to genetic testing offered only or primarily to people of particular racial or ethnic groups because of presumed differences among groups. One current example is APOL1 testing of Black kidney donors. Race-based genetic testing raises numerous ethical and policy questions. Given the ongoing reliance on the Black race in genetic testing, it is important to understand the views of people who identify as Black or are identified as Black (including African American, Afro-Caribbean, and Hispanic Black) regarding race-based genetic testing that targets Black people because of their race. We conducted a systematic review of studies and reports of stakeholder-engaged projects that examined how people who identify as or are identified as Black perceive genetic testing that specifically presumes genetic differences exist among racial groups or uses race as a surrogate for ancestral genetic variation and targets Black people. Our review identified 14 studies that explicitly studied this question and another 13 that implicitly or tacitly studied this matter. We found four main factors that contribute to a positive attitude toward race-targeted genetic testing (facilitators) and eight main factors that are associated with concerns regarding race-targeted genetic testing (barriers). This review fills an important gap. These findings should inform future genetic research and the policies and practices developed in clinical, research, public health, or other settings regarding genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liz Rolf
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
| | - Lauren Yaeger
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
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Beeman CM, Abrams MA, Zajo KN, Stanek J, O'Brien SH, Chan P, Shen Y, McCorkle B, Johnson L, Chisolm D, Barnard-Kirk T, Mahan JD, Martinez-Mendez A, Phillips WL, Creary SE. Acceptability to and Engagement with a Virtual Health Education Program: SCTaware (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e38780. [DOI: 10.2196/38780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Prince A, Cruz-Bendezú A, Gunawansa N, Wade J, Coleman-Cowger VH, Schulkin J, Macri CJ. Practices of sickle cell disease genetic screening and testing in the prenatal population. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2022; 15:745-751. [PMID: 35811546 DOI: 10.3233/npm-221016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic screening and testing are technologies historically underutilized in Black populations despite predicting diseases like sickle cell disease (SCD), which is predominantly found in Blacks. We surveyed prenatal patients to understand choices, beliefs and experiences surrounding genetic screening and testing, specifically for SCD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we surveyed 322 women during prenatal visits. Responses were analyzed to identify barriers to care and education about testing and screening for SCD. Patients rated whether they agreed or disagreed with statements regarding sickle cell health behaviors. We used χ2 tests to compare categorical variables by self-reported race. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios and confidence intervals for each outcome. RESULTS Women were a mean (SD) age of 33.3 (6.1). 42.9% of patients self-identified as White while 41.3% of patients self- identified as Black. Screening questions were adjusted for differences in race, insurance, and education levels to show significant differences in responses between Blacks and Whites for screening for SCD (p = 0.047, OR 95% CI = 0.455 [0.210-0.989]) and plans to meet with genetic counselors (p = 0.049, OR 95% CI = 0.299 [0.090-0.993]). The statements "if sickle cell is not in their family, then it is likely not in themselves or their children," was significantly different between Black and White populations (p = 0.011, OR 95% CI = 0.207 [0.081-0.526]). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest gaps in screening, testing, education, and pregnancy management choices between Black and White patients. Research should focus on decreasing these healthcare gaps and improving education that address concerns about SCD for relevant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prince
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A Cruz-Bendezú
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - N Gunawansa
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Wade
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - J Schulkin
- Pregnancy-Related Care Research Network (PRCRN), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - C J Macri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC, USA
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Nestor JG, Li AJ, King KL, Husain SA, McIntosh TJ, Sawinski D, Iltis AS, Goodman MS, Walsh HA, DuBois JM, Mohan S. Impact of education on APOL1 testing attitudes among prospective living kidney donors. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14516. [PMID: 34661305 PMCID: PMC9113661 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown how providing prospective living donors with information about APOL1, including the benefits and drawbacks of testing, influences their desire for testing. In this study, we surveyed 102 participants with self-reported African ancestry and positive family history of kidney disease, recruited from our nephrology waiting room. We assessed views on APOL1 testing before and after presentation of a set of potential benefits and drawbacks of testing and quantified the self-reported level of influence individual benefits and drawbacks had on participants' desire for testing in the proposed context of living donation. The majority of participants (92%) were aware of organ donation and more than half (56%) had considered living donation. And though we found no significant change in response following presentation of the potential benefits and the drawbacks of APOL1 testing by study end significance, across all participants, "becoming aware of the potential risk of kidney disease among your immediate family" was the benefit with the highest mean influence (3.3±1.4), while the drawback with the highest mean influence (2.9±1.5) was "some transplant centers may not allow you to donate to a loved one". This study provides insights into the priorities of prospective living donors and suggests concern for how the information affects family members may strongly influence desires for testing. It also highlights the need for greater community engagement to gain a deeper understanding of the priorities that influence decision making on APOL1 testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan G. Nestor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amber J. Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristen L. King
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - S. Ali Husain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- The Columbia University Renal Epidemiology (CURE) Group, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tristan J. McIntosh
- Bioethics Research Center, Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deirdre Sawinski
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ana S. Iltis
- Center for Bioethics Health and Society and Department of Philosophy, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melody S. Goodman
- School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Heidi A. Walsh
- Bioethics Research Center, Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James M. DuBois
- Bioethics Research Center, Division of General Medical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sumit Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- The Columbia University Renal Epidemiology (CURE) Group, New York, New York, USA
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Babu BV, Sridevi P, Surti S, Ranjit M, Bhat D, Sarmah J, Sudhakar G, Sharma Y. Inadequate community knowledge about sickle cell disease among the Indian tribal population: a formative assessment in a multicentric intervention study. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:1434-1444. [PMID: 34037804 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a serious public health problem, with >300 000 affected births worldwide each year. About 73% of the SCD-affected people in India belong to the tribal population. The Government of India is planning to implement a programme for SCD and hence people's knowledge of SCD is crucial. This paper reports the SCD-related knowledge among the Indian tribal population. METHODS As part of a formative assessment before an intervention, data were collected from 9837 adults from 24 primary health centre areas of six states. Each community's knowledge of SCD was elicited through an interviewer-administered pretested questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS Overall, 32.1% (CI 31.2 to 33.1%) of participants had heard of SCD, 7.9% (CI: 7.3 to 8.4%) knew that SCD is hereditary, 19.4% (CI: 18.7 to 20.3%) knew that a blood test can diagnose SCD and 23.9% (CI: 23.1 to 24.8%) knew that SCD is treatable. Only 13.1% (CI: 12.4 to 13.8%) knew that SCD can be prevented. No more than 16% knew about any SCD symptoms. Multiple logistic regression revealed some predictors of basic knowledge (i.e. had heard of SCD). CONCLUSIONS There is a gross inadequacy of knowledge about SCD in the Indian tribal population. This study warrants implementing a health education programme as a part of the SCD programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bontha V Babu
- Division of Socio-Behavioural & Health Systems Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Parikipandla Sridevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | - Shaily Surti
- Department of Community Medicine, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, India
| | - Manoranjan Ranjit
- Indian Council of Medical Research-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Deepa Bhat
- Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Jatin Sarmah
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, India
| | - Godi Sudhakar
- Department of Human Genetics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Yogita Sharma
- Division of Socio-Behavioural & Health Systems Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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Smith M, Mercado-Sierra M. Health beliefs as a predictor of screening behaviors among college students. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 36:460-473. [PMID: 33823751 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.1905130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Twenty million people live with a sickle cell disease (SCD) diagnosis globally; about 100,000 reside in the United States of America (US). Although SCD continues to threaten the health, mostly of particular groups in the US, there is a lack of knowledge on risk factors such as unawareness of carrier status, inheritance patterns, and resistance to SCT screening among childbearing age individuals. A cross-sectional survey design using a modified version of the Health Belief Survey assessed college students' SCD beliefs and screening behaviors. Four hundred sixteen students from a North Texas university campus participated in the survey. Although most participants believed that knowing their carrier status was important, only 26% were aware of their status. Findings demonstrated that health beliefs were a significant predictor of screening behaviors. The Universal, Selective, and Indicated Prevention Approach was suggested as a suitable approach to educate, transform health beliefs, and augment screening participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Smith
- School of Social Work, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, Texas, USA
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Schultz CL, Tchume-Johnson T, Jackson T, Enninful-Eghan H, Schapira MM, Smith-Whitley K. Reproductive intentions in mothers of young children with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28227. [PMID: 32065500 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy associated with morbidity and mortality. We sought to understand family planning intentions of parents of young children with SCD including the awareness of three reproductive options (adoption, in vitro fertilization with egg/sperm donation [IVFD], in vitro fertilization [IVF] with preimplantation genetic testing [IVF/PGT]) to decrease the risk of having a child with SCD. PROCEDURE Qualitative, semistructured, one-on-one interviews with 18 female parents of young children with SCD at an urban, tertiary care pediatric hospital. RESULTS Half of the parents knew their hemoglobinopathy status or their partner's status before pregnancy. Eight parents chose to have no further children because of fear of SCD in another child. Awareness of reproductive options prior to study enrollment was limited. After brief introduction, 7 parents would consider adoption, 2 IVFD, and 10 IVF/PGT. Desire for a biological child, fear of parental jealousy, ethical or religious considerations, and cost affected the acceptability of these options. Participants universally wanted information about reproductive options available to others prior to pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS There is limited awareness and variable acceptability of alternative reproductive options available to decrease the risk of a future child having SCD. Participants universally endorsed the need for education regarding hemoglobinopathy status, SCD, and reproductive options prior to pregnancy because for many participants having a child with SCD affected their reproductive intentions. Educational interventions to ensure informed reproductive decision making should be sensitive to desires for a biological child, and ethical and financial considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna L Schultz
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Trudy Tchume-Johnson
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tannoa Jackson
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Marilyn M Schapira
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,The Center for Health Equity and Research Promotion, Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kim Smith-Whitley
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Southwick SV, Esch R, Gasser R, Cragun D, Redlinger-Grosse K, Marsalis S, Zierhut HA. Racial and ethnic differences in genetic counseling experiences and outcomes in the United States: A systematic review. J Genet Couns 2020; 29:147-165. [PMID: 32144851 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As genetic counseling services expand and reach a wider catchment of the population, there is a critical need to better understand the impact of services on a greater diversity of patients. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate genetic counseling experiences and outcomes among racial and ethnic minorities. Six databases extracted articles published from 2005 to 2019 that assessed genetic counseling participation, knowledge and awareness, motivators, barriers, perceptions, and outcomes for racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States. Genetic counseling outcomes were categorized using the Framework for Outcomes of Clinical commUnication Services. A total of 1,227 abstracts were identified, of which 23 papers met inclusion criteria. Results suggest the possibility of racial and ethnic differences in some genetic counseling experiences and outcomes but noted differences were not adequately replicated between studies. The few included studies differed greatly in aims, methods, and results, which made comparison across study designs challenging and effectively barred thematic analysis. Additional research is needed that includes more study populations and settings with patients of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds, as well as more structured study designs that allow for elucidations of differences between White and non-White populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina V Southwick
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Riley Esch
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rachel Gasser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Deborah Cragun
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Krista Redlinger-Grosse
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Heather A Zierhut
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Abstract
Uptake of prenatal genetic testing (PGT) is low among those with sickle cell disease (SCD). This study evaluated the association of knowledge and attitudes towards prenatal genetic counseling (PGC), awareness of posttesting intervention options and omission bias with attitudes towards PGT. In addition, we explored changes among knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of options following exposure to an educational, clinical vignette among parents of children with SCD. Parents (n=44) completed a questionnaire and an educational, clinical vignette presenting a detailed account of a pregnant woman with sickle cell trait seeking PGT and PGC was read to each participant. t Tests, Spearman correlations, multivariable regressions, and moderation/mediation analyses were used. More positive attitudes towards PGC (P=0.01), lesser tendency of omission bias (P<0.01) and private insurance (P=0.04) were significant correlates of more positive attitudes towards PGT. Omission bias mediated the relationship of attitudes towards PGC and attitudes towards PGT (95% confidence interval: 0.13, 3.03). Awareness of options (P=0.02), knowledge of PGC (P=0.01) and knowledge of PGT (P=0.01) significantly improved after exposure to the clinical vignette. Patients and families with SCD can benefit from education about the importance of prenatal diagnosis to improve attitudes, address omission bias and promote more informed decisions of PGT.
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Mayo-Gamble TL, Schlundt D, Cunningham-Erves J, Murry VM, Bonnet K, Quasie-Woode D, Mouton CP. Sickle cell carriers' unmet information needs: Beyond knowing trait status. J Genet Couns 2019; 28:812-821. [PMID: 30969464 PMCID: PMC6679751 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Benefits of identifying sickle cell disease (SCD) carriers include detection of at-risk couples who may be informed on reproductive choices. Studies consistently report insufficient knowledge about the genetic inheritance pattern of SCD among people with sickle cell trait (SCT). This study explored perspectives of adults with SCT on the information needed to make an informed reproductive decision and the recommendations for communicating SCT information. Five focus groups (N = 25) were conducted with African Americans with SCT ages 18-65 years old. Participants were asked about their knowledge of SCT, methods for finding information on SCT, impact of SCT on daily living, and interactions with healthcare providers. An inductive-deductive qualitative analysis was used to analyze the data for emerging themes. Four themes emerged, highlighting the unmet information needs of African American sickle cell carriers: (a) SCT and SCD Education; (b) information sources; (c) improved communication about SCT and SCD; and (d) increased screening strategies. Future studies are needed to determine effective strategies for communicating SCT information and to identify opportunities for education within community and medical settings. Identifying strategies to facilitate access to SCT resources and education could serve as a model for meeting unmet information needs for carriers of other genetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilicia L. Mayo-Gamble
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, 501 Forest Drive, P.O. Box 8015, Statesboro, GA, 30415. USA,
| | - David Schlundt
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA, ;
| | - Jennifer Cunningham-Erves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA;
| | - Velma McBride Murry
- Department of Human and Organizational Development, College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA,
| | - Kemberlee Bonnet
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA, ;
| | - Delores Quasie-Woode
- Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavior, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, 501 Forest Drive, Statesboro, GA, 30415, USA,
| | - Charles P. Mouton
- Department of Family Medicine, Office of Academic Affairs, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard Galveston, TX 77555-0410, USA,
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Effect of Health Education Programme on the Knowledge of and Attitude about Sickle Cell Anaemia among Male Secondary School Students in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: Health Policy Implications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9653092. [PMID: 31428653 PMCID: PMC6683794 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9653092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop an instructional programme on sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and test the effect of the programme on the secondary school students' knowledge of and attitude towards sickle cell anaemia in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. A pretest/posttest one-arm interventional study was conducted at the Faculty of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, with a convenience sample of 120 male students. The intervention consisted of two interactive sessions about sickle cell anaemia and premarital screening. The mean student knowledge score was 6.04 ± 3.02 on the pretest, which improved to 10.73 ± 3.47 on the posttest, with a statistically significant difference (t = 15.2, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the responses pertaining to attitude before and after the health education intervention. The policy implications of these findings are discussed to improve the performance of the Saudi healthcare system in dealing with this costly inherited disease.
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Developing community-based health education strategies with family history: Assessing the association between community resident family history and interest in health education. Soc Sci Med 2019; 271:112160. [PMID: 30862375 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history (FH) is an underutilized genetically informative tool that can influence disease prevention and treatment. It is unclear how FH fits into the development of community-based health education. This study examines the role that FH plays in perceived threat and health education related to mental and chronic physical conditions in the context of the health belief model. METHODS Data were collected from 1,048 adult participants aged 18-90 years. Approximately 76% of participants indicated African-American race/ethnicity and 35% had less than high school level education. Self-report data were collected on FH of four disorders: anxiety, depression, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Interest in receiving information regarding prevention as well as future testing efforts was assessed broadly. A series of logistic regressions examined the association between FH for each of the disorders and interest in receiving information on (1) prevention of diseases in general and (2) testing for diseases in general. These associations were also analyzed after accounting for the influence of perceived threat of conditions. RESULTS Interest in receiving general health education was significantly associated with FH of depression (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.74-4.25), anxiety (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.45-3.22), and high blood pressure (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.05-6.12). After adjustment for perceived threat, the magnitude of these associations was reduced substantially. The associations between perceived threat and either interest in receiving information on disease testing or receiving general health education were strong and significant across all conditions (OR = 2.11-3.74). DISCUSSION These results provide evidence that perceived threat mediates the association between FH and engagement with health education. Currently available health education programs may benefit from considering the role of FH in an individual's motivation for participation in health education activities alongside other factors.
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Mayo-Gamble TL, Barnes PA, Cunningham Erves J, Middlestadt SE, Lin HC. 'It means everyone should know their status': exploring lay conceptions of sickle cell trait and sickle cell trait screening among African Americans within middle reproductive age. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2018; 23:813-829. [PMID: 28277026 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2017.1295135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the meaning of sickle cell trait and sickle cell trait screening from the lay perspective of African Americans. DESIGN AND METHODS African Americans (N = 300), ages 18-35 and unaware of their sickle cell trait status, completed two open-ended questions from a larger survey. One question asked for their understanding of sickle cell trait; the other asked for their understanding of sickle cell trait screening. Content analysis occurred in two phases: (1) In vivo and holistic coding; and (2) focused coding. RESULTS Four categories emerged illustrating lay conceptions of sickle cell trait; (1) Perceived as an illness; (2) Perceived recognition of the inheritance pattern of sickle cell trait; (3) Perceived lack of knowledge of sickle cell trait; and (4) Perceived importance of sickle cell trait. Five categories emerged illustrating lay conceptions for sickle cell trait screening: (1) Perceived recognition that screening means getting tested for sickle cell trait; (2) Perceived lack of knowledge of sickle cell trait screening; (3) Perceived health benefit of sickle cell trait screening; (4) Perceived importance of sickle cell trait screening; and (5) Perceived barriers to sickle cell trait screening. CONCLUSIONS Sickle cell trait and sickle cell trait screening are concepts that are both regarded as important among this high-risk population. However, there is still misunderstanding concerning the hereditary nature and reproductive implications of sickle cell trait. Interventions seeking to improve communication on the need for sickle cell trait screening should begin by identifying what the population at large understands, knows and/or believes to improve their ability to make informed health decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilicia L Mayo-Gamble
- a Department of Family and Community Medicine , Meharry Medical College , Nashville , USA
| | - Priscilla A Barnes
- b Department of Applied Health Science , Indiana University , Bloomington , USA
| | | | - Susan E Middlestadt
- b Department of Applied Health Science , Indiana University , Bloomington , USA
| | - Hsien-Chang Lin
- b Department of Applied Health Science , Indiana University , Bloomington , USA
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17
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Smith M, Brownell G. Knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors regarding sickle cell disease: Implications for prevention. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 33:299-316. [PMID: 29768104 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2018.1469064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a widespread inherited blood disorder, which leaves lasting effects on the health, social functioning, and finances of individuals, families, communities, and health care systems. A nonexperimental, cross-sectional research design was used to assess 415 college students' knowledge about SCD. Data was obtained through an online survey derived from a modified version of the SCD Knowledge Assessment Tool. The majority of participants (79%) reported previous SCD knowledge; however, 21% of the participants reported no previous SCD knowledge. Results support the need for improved education and awareness for at risk groups. The lack of SCD knowledge among African Americans shows a need for improved, nongendered specific education, awareness, and screening efforts geared toward at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Smith
- a School of Social Work, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, Texas , USA
| | - Gracie Brownell
- a School of Social Work, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, Texas , USA
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18
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Mayo-Gamble TL, Middlestadt SE, Lin HC, Cunningham-Erves J, Barnes P, Jackson PB. Identifying Factors Underlying the Decision for Sickle Cell Carrier Screening Among African Americans Within Middle Reproductive Age. J Genet Couns 2018; 27:1302-1311. [DOI: 10.1007/s10897-018-0255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Holtkamp KCA, Lakeman P, Hader H, Jans SMJP, Hoenderdos M, Playfair HAM, Cornel MC, Peters M, Henneman L. Experiences of a High-Risk Population with Prenatal Hemoglobinopathy Carrier Screening in a Primary Care Setting: a Qualitative Study. J Genet Couns 2017; 27:635-646. [PMID: 28980104 PMCID: PMC5943376 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-017-0159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carrier screening for hemoglobinopathies (HbPs; sickle cell disease and thalassemia) aims to facilitate autonomous reproductive decision-making. In the absence of a Dutch national HbP carrier screening program, some primary care midwives offer screening on an ad hoc basis. This qualitative descriptive study explores how pregnant women perceive an offer of HbP carrier screening by their midwife. Semi-structured interviews (n = 26) were conducted with pregnant women at risk of being a HbP carrier, and whom were offered screening at their booking appointment in one of two midwifery practices in Amsterdam. The results showed that half of the respondents were familiar with HbPs. Generally, women perceived the offer of HbP carrier screening as positive, and most women (n = 19) accepted screening. Seven declined, of whom two already knew their carrier status. Important reasons to accept screening were to obtain knowledge about their own carrier status and health of their unborn child, and the ease of the procedure. A multistep process of decision-making was observed, as many women did not give follow-up testing (e.g. partner, invasive diagnostics) much consideration while deciding on accepting or declining HbP screening. Women experienced information overload, and preferred receiving the information at a different moment (e.g. before the intake by a leaflet, or preconceptionally). In conclusion, while prenatal HbP carrier screening is perceived as positive, informed decision-making seems to be suboptimal, and both the content and timing of the information provided needs improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim C A Holtkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Community Genetics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Phillis Lakeman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hind Hader
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Community Genetics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suze M J P Jans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Community Genetics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- TNO, Quality of Life, Department of Child Health, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Martina C Cornel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Community Genetics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Peters
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Emma's Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lidewij Henneman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Community Genetics, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007, MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gereklioglu C, Asma S, Korur A, Tepebaşı S, Aytan P, Yeral M, Kozanoglu I, Boga C, Ozdogu H. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor administration among hemoglobin S trait donors: A single center experience from the Eastern Mediterranean region. J Clin Apher 2017; 33:65-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jca.21566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Gereklioglu
- Baskent University Adana Adult Bone Marrow, Transplantation Center, Clinical Unit
- Department of Family Medicine; Baskent University Medical Faculty
| | - Suheyl Asma
- Department of Family Medicine; Baskent University Medical Faculty
| | - Aslı Korur
- Department of Family Medicine; Baskent University Medical Faculty
| | - Songul Tepebaşı
- Baskent University Adana Adult Bone Marrow, Transplantation Center, Clinical Unit
| | - Pelin Aytan
- Baskent University Adana Adult Bone Marrow, Transplantation Center, Clinical Unit
| | - Mahmut Yeral
- Baskent University Adana Adult Bone Marrow, Transplantation Center, Clinical Unit
| | - Ilknur Kozanoglu
- Baskent University Adana Adult Bone Marrow, Transplantation Center, Clinical Unit
| | - Can Boga
- Baskent University Adana Adult Bone Marrow, Transplantation Center, Clinical Unit
| | - Hakan Ozdogu
- Baskent University Adana Adult Bone Marrow, Transplantation Center, Clinical Unit
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Al-Azri MH, Al-Belushi R, Al-Mamari M, Davidson R, Mathew AC. Knowledge and Health Beliefs Regarding Sickle Cell Disease Among Omanis in a Primary Healthcare Setting: Cross-sectional study. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2016; 16:e437-e444. [PMID: 28003889 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.2016.16.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a global health concern associated with high childhood morbidity and mortality; in Oman, the prevalence of SCD is 0.2%. Public awareness of SCD and the need for premarital screening (PMS) are essential to reduce the incidence of this disease. This study aimed to assess awareness of and beliefs regarding SCD and PMS among Omanis in a primary healthcare setting. METHODS This cross-sectional study took place in five health centres located in Al-Seeb Province, Muscat, Oman, between June and August 2015. A total of 500 Omanis aged ≥18 years old attending the clinics were invited to participate in the study. A previously described questionnaire by Gustafson et al. was used to measure awareness of and beliefs regarding SCD and PMS. RESULTS A total of 450 Omani adults completed the questionnaire (response rate: 90.0%). The majority (67.8%) were aware that SCD is genetically inherited and 85.1% believed in the value of PMS; however, only 24.4% reported having undergone PMS previously. Few participants were aware that SCD can be very painful (20.2%) and can cause strokes, infections and organ damage (20.0%). More than half (56.7%) reported that the availability of educational material on SCD or PMS in Oman was inadequate. Participants' education levels were positively associated with accurate SCD knowledge (P <0.05). CONCLUSION Despite the free availability of PMS services in local health centres, few Omanis reported having undergone PMS previously. Health promotion and education programmes are therefore needed in Oman in order to increase public awareness of SCD and the value of PMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Al-Azri
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Rajaa Al-Belushi
- Directorate General of Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muna Al-Mamari
- Directorate General of Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Robin Davidson
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Anil C Mathew
- Department of Community Medicine, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Carden MA, Newlin J, Smith W, Sisler I. Health literacy and disease-specific knowledge of caregivers for children with sickle cell disease. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2016; 33:121-33. [PMID: 26934177 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2016.1147108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to measure the health literacy (HL) and disease-specific knowledge (DSK) of caregivers for children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and relate them to their child's health care utilization. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of caregiver-child dyads attending an urban pediatric sickle cell clinic. Caregivers were administered the Shortened Test of Functional Health Literacy (S-TOFHLA) and a locally developed DSK questionnaire. Retrospective review of the child's electronic medical record (EMR) was performed to determine annual emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations. A total of 142 caregiver-child dyads were recruited for the study. Less than 5% of caregivers had limited HL, with less education (P =.03) and primary language other than English (P =.04) being the only risk factors. Although caregiver HL was not associated with ED visits or hospitalizations, surprisingly DSK was. Caregivers with higher DSK scores had children with higher annual rates of ED utilization (P =.002) and hospitalizations (P =.001), and these children were also more likely to be classified as high ED utilizers (≥4 visits per year; P =.01). Further, caregiver adherence to medication and clinic visits was associated with their child's age (P =.01). Although HL and DSK are both constructs that measure basic health understanding, they differently affect caregivers' ability to navigate and understand the health care system of children with chronic illnesses. This study suggests that the DSK/health care utilization relationship may be a more important measure than HL for programs following children with sickle cell disease and could also have applications in other pediatric chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Carden
- a Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Jennifer Newlin
- b Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Wally Smith
- c Division of General Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - India Sisler
- b Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
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Schultz CL, Tchume-Johnson T, Schapira MM, Bellamy S, Smith-Whitley K, Ellison A. Adherence to prompt fever evaluation in children with sickle cell disease and the health belief model. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:1968-73. [PMID: 26179160 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk of death from invasive bacterial infections. Emergent evaluation of fever allows early treatment of potentially fatal infections. Limited data exist regarding caregiver adherence to physician recommendations of prompt medical evaluation of fever in children with SCD. Better understanding of parental behavior around fever management may inform improved models for support in families of children with SCD. PROCEDURE Cross-sectional survey based on health belief domains, Wake Forest trust scales, and self-reported adherence among 163 caregivers of children with SCD during routine hematology visit. RESULTS Fifty-five percent of caregivers were adherent to fever evaluation recommendations as defined by "always" seeking medical evaluation of fever in their child with SCD. Perceived susceptibility to fever/infection, benefits of prompt evaluation, and cues to action were significantly different between those who adhere to recommendations versus those who do not. Twenty-five percent believe their child does not need antibiotics with every fever whereas 17% believe their child does not need evaluation of fever after immunizations. Fifty-seven percent report their employer understands missing work whereas 25% report concern regarding cost of evaluation. Trust in their child's hematologist and medical profession was high (composite scores 23.4/25 and 21/25, respectively). CONCLUSION Despite a high degree of agreement in importance of fever evaluation and high levels of trust, many caregivers do not consistently seek care when their child has a fever. Future studies should address additional barriers to seeking emergency care in children with SCD and fever.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilyn M Schapira
- Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Philadelphia VA Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scarlett Bellamy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kim Smith-Whitley
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Angela Ellison
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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[The impact of screening sickle-cell carriers in the general population. A retrospective study in the Paris screening center]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2015; 63:77-84. [PMID: 25819994 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since 2006 the CIDD, the Paris information and screening center for sickle-cell disease, provides free assistance for adults who may be at risk of having children with sickle-cell disease. Recently, an increasing number of parents of a silent-carrier newborn detected by systematic neonatal screening are attending the center. We present a retrospective study of the impact of such information and screening on people. METHODS The study involved 81 silent-carrier men and women aged 18 to 45 years, interviewed using a telephone questionnaire (n=70) or during consultation (n=11) one to three years after screening. RESULTS The study group represented 12% of individuals attending the center with the same characteristics. In general, the information delivered concerning sickle-cell disease and silent-carriers was well understood although concerns about personal and family history and the correctness of prior knowledge revealed a lack of information input from the environment (media, schools, health professionals). Poorly assimilated information involved three subjects: the difference between trait and disease; the difference between type of hemoglobin and blood group; and Mendelian transmission. The screening result was not a cause of separation among couples and was often passed on to family or friends. Disparities in adherence to prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy were mainly related to different representations of disease severity. CONCLUSION Joint screening of newborns and their parents is a good measure for adults, who are satisfied with being informed despite the psychological difficulties involved. However the implication for children detected remains a relevant issue because of the persistent perception of the trait as a pseudo-disease and the risk of reification of a biological difference between relatives.
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Genetic education and sickle cell disease: feasibility and efficacy of a program tailored to adolescents. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2014; 36:572-7. [PMID: 25089602 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) genetic knowledge is important when individuals make reproductive decisions. This study assessed feasibility and efficacy of delivering basic genetic information to 101 adolescents with SCD. Participants completed a questionnaire to test SCD genetic knowledge at 3 timepoints: before genetic education session (pretest), after the session (posttest), and 6 months later (follow-up). Scores at 3 timepoints were compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and group differences were compared by Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Participants' median scores significantly increased from pretest to posttest and from pretest to follow-up. Males had a greater change in scores than females. Scores decreased slightly from posttest to follow-up. Participants with HbSS/HbSβ⁰-thal genotype and participants with more prior pain episodes exhibited a smaller increase in median scores than those with HbSC/HbSβ⁺-thal genotype and no prior pain history; however, all groups had substantial gains from pretest to posttest and follow-up tests demonstrating that adolescents with SCD can learn basic genetics. This study established that genetic education can successfully be incorporated in transition to adult care programs for adolescents with SCD. Genetic education should be included in the standard plan of care for adolescents with SCD to assist them in making informed reproductive choices.
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Genetic counseling following the detection of hemoglobinopathy trait on the newborn screen is well received, improves knowledge, and relieves anxiety. Genet Med 2011; 13:658-61. [PMID: 21546841 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e31821435f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary purpose of newborn screening for hemoglobinopathies is the presymptomatic diagnosis and early treatment of sickle cell disease. Hemoglobinopathy traits detected on the newborn screening provide an opportunity for genetic counseling of families regarding the trait and information that may impact reproductive decisions of the parents. We describe the results of a study to determine the impact of newborn screening and genetic counseling on the lives of families in which an abnormal hemoglobin trait had been identified. METHODS From June 2003 to December 2009, families of children with trait attending a clinic visit and receiving professional genetic counseling were asked to participate in a semistructured follow-up survey regarding their experience and the impact of genetic counseling on their families. RESULTS Of the 300 patients seen in clinic during the specified time period, 209 consented to be recontacted and 114 have completed the survey. Eighty-five percent of responders reported knowing that the newborn screen had been performed, but only 55% understood the purpose of newborn screening. When asked about the effect of finding out that trait was present in their baby, 19% reported feeling guilty or upset, whereas 4% believed that their partner blamed them for the child's results. That genetic counseling was found to be beneficial was indicated by the fact that 99% reported that their questions were answered, 82% reported feeling less anxious, and 78% discussed the trait with their partner after the appointment. CONCLUSIONS Genetic counseling after newborn screening relieves anxiety, provides knowledge, facilitates dialog within families and between partners about hemoglobinopathy trait, and was seen as a positive experience for the majority of responders.
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Long KA, Thomas SB, Grubs RE, Gettig EA, Krishnamurti L. Attitudes and beliefs of African-Americans toward genetics, genetic testing, and sickle cell disease education and awareness. J Genet Couns 2011; 20:572-92. [PMID: 21748660 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-011-9388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research among African-Americans indicates this population perceives sickle cell (SCD) to be a serious disease and sickle cell trait (SCT) screening an important intervention. However, studies have consistently demonstrated a lower than desired uptake of SCD education, inadequate knowledge regarding personal and family trait status, and a low perceived susceptibility of giving birth to a child with the disease. We examined general attitudes and beliefs regarding genetics and genetic testing including prenatal testing and newborn screening; we used this information as the foundation to more specifically assess attitudes and beliefs regarding SCD and perceived barriers to SCD education and awareness. Thirty-five African-American adult men and women participated in one of four focus groups. Thematic analysis identified that both prenatal testing and newborn screening are acceptable forms of genetic testing. Based largely on their personal experiences, participants possessed an understanding of the natural progression of SCD but had a limited understanding of the inheritance and probable risk of giving birth to a child with the disease. Barriers to education and greater awareness of SCD were classified as personal, familial, and societal. Community based interventions focused on sharing the stories of individuals with first-hand experiences with SCD should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Long
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Gallo AM, Wilkie D, Suarez M, Labotka R, Molokie R, Thompson A, Hershberger P, Johnson B. Reproductive decisions in people with sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait. West J Nurs Res 2010; 32:1073-90. [PMID: 20702680 DOI: 10.1177/0193945910371482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the context of an inherited condition such as sickle cell disease (SCD), it is critical to understand how people with SCD or carriers (sickle cell trait [SCT]) face the challenges of making informed reproductive health decisions. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the beliefs, attitudes, and personal feelings of people with sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait related to making informed reproductive health decisions. Three focus groups were conducted with a total of 15 people who had either SCD or SCT. Five themes were identified: health-related issues in sickle cell disease, testing for sickle cell trait, partner choice, sharing sickle cell status with partners, and reproductive options. These findings enhance understanding of the reproductive experiences in people with SCD and SCT and provide the groundwork for developing an educational intervention focused on making informed decisions about becoming a parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha M Gallo
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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McBride CM, Koehly LM, Sanderson SC, Kaphingst KA. The behavioral response to personalized genetic information: will genetic risk profiles motivate individuals and families to choose more healthful behaviors? Annu Rev Public Health 2010; 31:89-103. [PMID: 20070198 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the use of information emerging from genetic discovery to motivate risk-reducing health behaviors. Most research to date has evaluated the effects of information related to rare genetic variants on screening behaviors, in which genetic risk feedback has been associated consistently with improved screening adherence. The limited research with common genetic variants suggests that genetic information, when based on single-gene variants with low-risk probabilities, has little impact on behavior. The effect on behavioral outcomes of more realistic testing scenarios in which genetic risk is based on numerous genetic variants is largely unexplored. Little attention has been directed to matching genetic information to the literacy levels of target audiences. Another promising area for research is consideration of using genetic information to identify risk shared within kinship networks and to expand the influence of behavior change beyond the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M McBride
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Lang CW, Stark AP, Acharya K, Ross LF. Maternal knowledge and attitudes about newborn screening for sickle cell disease and cystic fibrosis. Am J Med Genet A 2010; 149A:2424-9. [PMID: 19876910 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Illinois introduced mandatory newborn screening (NBS) for sickle cell disease (SCD) in 1989 and for cystic fibrosis (CF) in 2008. We examined maternal understanding of NBS for SCD and CF, and their knowledge of the genetics, symptoms, and treatments of both conditions. Our methods consisted of conducting interviews of inpatient post-partum women (>18 years and English speaking). Our results showed that of the 388 eligible participants, 34 self-identified as sickle cell carriers, 1 with SCD and 1 as a CF carrier. Almost 3/4 were African American (282/387). Although all but 5 women had prenatal care, only 35% (133/378) recalled their prenatal care provider mentioning NBS, and only 56% (217/388) of participants recalled nursery staff mentioning NBS. There was more self-reported familiarity with SCD (3.32/5) than CF (1.97/5, P < 0.001). Over 2/3 (260/388) of participants could not answer CF knowledge questions because they had never heard of CF. Among those who had heard of the conditions, mean knowledge scores were 66% for SCD (n = 372) and 63% for CF (n = 128). Bivariate analysis identified education, age, race, marital status, and insurance status as statistically significant. After linear regression education remained significant for both conditions. We conclude that in a sample of predominantly African American post-partum women, we found poor understanding of NBS, greater familiarity with SCD, and significant knowledge gaps for both SCD and CF. There are many missed educational opportunities for educating parents about NBS and specific conditions included in NBS panels in both the obstetric clinics and the nursery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Walsh Lang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Archibald AD, Jaques AM, Wake S, Collins VR, Cohen J, Metcalfe SA. âIt's something I need to considerâ: Decisions about carrier screening for fragile X syndrome in a population of non-pregnant women. Am J Med Genet A 2009; 149A:2731-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the most common form of
haemoglobinopathy in Nigeria affecting 1-3% of the population
and it is associated with physical, psychosocial and emotional
suffering. Prenatal diagnosis (PND) and genetic counseling are
ways of preventing the spread of the disease; however these means
of prevention are associated with many ethical dilemmas. Ethical
issues discussed in this paper include the safety of the procedures
used in obtaining tissue sample for prenatal diagnosis, abortion
of affected fetuses and the question of genetic selection. Finally,
the ethical implications of genetic counseling and issues relating
to the principle of justice in healthcare are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Fadare
- Department of Medicine, Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria
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A Pilot Study to Explore Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs about Sickle Cell Trait and Disease. J Natl Med Assoc 2009; 101:1163-72. [DOI: 10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lerner NB, Platania BL, LaBella S. Newborn sickle cell screening in a region of Western New York State. J Pediatr 2009; 154:121-5. [PMID: 18804215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2007] [Revised: 05/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess local trends in the incidence of sickle cell disease (SCD) and hemoglobin (Hb) S trait. Hemoglobinopathy clinic follow-up and cohort mortality rates were also evaluated. STUDY DESIGN A longstanding newborn hemoglobinopathy screening program was reviewed. Incidence rates were computed with information from a confidential database, specialty clinic/hospital data, and local birth statistics. RESULTS Over 27 years, the incidence of Hb SS in live black births was 0.163% or 1 in 615. Over 18 years, the incidence of Hb AS was 8.5% or 1 in 11.8. No significant differences in the incidence of Hb SS, Hb AS, and the S allele were found over time. Specialty clinic follow-up improved. Death before age 18 years was documented for 6 SCD cases (2.8%; mortality rate of 0.23 per 100 patient years). CONCLUSIONS Local screening activities may have had an impact on participation in specialized SCD care and the disease-associated mortality rate. The incidence of Hb SS has remained unchanged over 27 years, and that of Hb S trait and the S allele has been unaffected in the last 18 years. Trait notification goals and approaches should be reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma B Lerner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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