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Wang R, Fang D, Lin T, Liang W, Qiao H. Aldosterone activates ERK phosphorylation in the nucleus tractus solitarius. Neurosci Lett 2023; 803:137188. [PMID: 36921665 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Sodium intake effect of aldosterone has attracted much attention. In our recent study, aldosterone can play a nongenomic regulatory role on rapid sodium intake in the NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius) by activating G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), and it exhibited an obvious time-dependent and concentration-dependent regulation. However, the molecular mechanism how aldosterone regulated sodium intake rapidly, is unclear. To determine the molecular mechanism of rapid sodium intake regulation of aldosterone, rats with a stainless-steel cannula in the NTS were used (n = 6 each subgroup), and were injected different concentrations of aldosterone/G1 (GPER agonist)/G15 (GPER antagonist) at different time points, then detected ERK1/2 protein expression. The results showed that aldosterone/G1 increased the ERK1/2 protein phosphorylation, and presented a time-dependent and concentration-dependent similar to sodium intake; Meanwhile, G15 partially blocked this effect at least. Taken together, we postulate that ERK1/2 protein may influence nongenomic sodium intake regulated by aldosterone at nucleus tractus solitarius level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Wenhui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Hu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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Wang J, Ding Y, Li D, Zhu N, Nishiyama A, Yuan Y. (Pro)renin receptor promotes colorectal cancer progression through inhibiting the NEDD4L-mediated Wnt3 ubiquitination and modulating gut microbiota. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:2. [PMID: 36597142 PMCID: PMC9809055 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found that (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) augments Wnt3 protein without affecting Wnt3 gene transcription in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, thus contributes to CRC initiation. The present study aims to investigate whether (P)RR further promotes CRC progression following oncogenesis and the related mechanisms. Notably, we deeply elaborate how (P)RR affects Wnt3 protein level and the key enzyme that mediates this process. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to detect protein expression status. A kind of gastrointestinal epithelium-specific ATP6AP2 ((P)RR encoding gene) knock-in mice were generated using Crispr/Cas9 system. RESULTS We found that increased (P)RR expression in primary CRC lesions is positively associated with higher Wnt3 protein level and disease progression. Progressive CRC presents less colocalization of Wnt3 and an E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4L in primary lesions than non-progressive CRC. In colon cancer cells, (P)RR dramatically inhibits the NEDD4L-mediated Wnt3 protein ubiquitination. ATP6AP2 knock-in mice show more diminished Wnt3-NEDD4L colocalization in their gut epithelium in comparison to wildtype mice. They also have abnormal gut bacterial flora distribution. Especially, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 and Bacteroides genus, which are generally protective against CRC, are suppressed in guts of ATP6AP2 knock-in mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, (P)RR promotes CRC progression through inhibiting the NEDD4L-mediated Wnt3 ubiquitination and modulating gut microbiota. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- grid.412465.0Department of Medical Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuwei Ding
- grid.412465.0Department of Medical Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Dan Li
- grid.412465.0Department of Medical Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Ning Zhu
- grid.412465.0Department of Medical Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- grid.258331.e0000 0000 8662 309XDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan
| | - Ying Yuan
- grid.412465.0Department of Medical Oncology (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 Zhejiang China
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Fu Z, Zheng H, Kaewsaro K, Lambert J, Chen Y, Yang T. Mutagenesis of the cleavage site of (pro)renin receptor abrogates aldosterone-salt-induced hypertension and renal injury in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F1-F11. [PMID: 36302140 PMCID: PMC9762973 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00088.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble (pro)renin receptor (sPRR), the extracellular domain of (pro)renin receptor (PRR), is primarily generated by site-1 protease and furin. It has been reported that sPRR functions as an important regulator of intrarenal renin contributing to angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension. Relatively, less is known for the function of sPRR in ANG II-independent hypertension such as mineralocorticoid excess. In the present study, we used a novel mouse model with mutagenesis of the cleavage site in PRR (termed as PRRR279V/L282V or mutant) to examine the phenotype during aldosterone (Aldo)-salt treatment. The hypertensive response of mutant mice to Aldo-salt treatment was blunted in parallel with the attenuated response of plasma volume expansion and renal medullary α-epithelial Na+ channel expression. Moreover, Aldo-salt-induced hypertrophy in the heart and kidney as well as proteinuria were improved, accompanied by blunted polydipsia and polyuria. Together, these results represent strong evidence favoring endogenous sPRR as a mediator of Aldo-salt-induced hypertension and renal injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used a novel mouse model with mutagenesis of the cleavage site of PRR to support soluble PRR as an essential mediator of aldosterone-salt-induced hypertension and also as a potential therapeutic target for patients with mineralocorticoid excess. We firstly report that soluble PRR-dependent pathway medicates the Na+-retaining action of aldosterone in the distal nephron, which opens up a new area for a better understanding of the molecular basis of renal handling of Na+ balance and blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Fu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Huaqing Zheng
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Renal Section, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kannaree Kaewsaro
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jacob Lambert
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yanting Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Renal Section, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Lin H, Geurts F, Hassler L, Batlle D, Mirabito Colafella KM, Denton KM, Zhuo JL, Li XC, Ramkumar N, Koizumi M, Matsusaka T, Nishiyama A, Hoogduijn MJ, Hoorn EJ, Danser AHJ. Kidney Angiotensin in Cardiovascular Disease: Formation and Drug Targeting. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:462-505. [PMID: 35710133 PMCID: PMC9553117 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of local formation of angiotensin II in the kidney has changed over the last 10-15 years. Local synthesis of angiotensinogen in the proximal tubule has been proposed, combined with prorenin synthesis in the collecting duct. Binding of prorenin via the so-called (pro)renin receptor has been introduced, as well as megalin-mediated uptake of filtered plasma-derived renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components. Moreover, angiotensin metabolites other than angiotensin II [notably angiotensin-(1-7)] exist, and angiotensins exert their effects via three different receptors, of which angiotensin II type 2 and Mas receptors are considered renoprotective, possibly in a sex-specific manner, whereas angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors are believed to be deleterious. Additionally, internalized angiotensin II may stimulate intracellular receptors. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) not only generates angiotensin-(1-7) but also acts as coronavirus receptor. Multiple, if not all, cardiovascular diseases involve the kidney RAS, with renal AT1 receptors often being claimed to exert a crucial role. Urinary RAS component levels, depending on filtration, reabsorption, and local release, are believed to reflect renal RAS activity. Finally, both existing drugs (RAS inhibitors, cyclooxygenase inhibitors) and novel drugs (angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, soluble ACE2) affect renal angiotensin formation, thereby displaying cardiovascular efficacy. Particular in the case of the latter three, an important question is to what degree they induce renoprotection (e.g., in a renal RAS-dependent manner). This review provides a unifying view, explaining not only how kidney angiotensin formation occurs and how it is affected by drugs but also why drugs are renoprotective when altering the renal RAS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Angiotensin formation in the kidney is widely accepted but little understood, and multiple, often contrasting concepts have been put forward over the last two decades. This paper offers a unifying view, simultaneously explaining how existing and novel drugs exert renoprotection by interfering with kidney angiotensin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Frank Geurts
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Luise Hassler
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Kate M Denton
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Jia L Zhuo
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Xiao C Li
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Masahiro Koizumi
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
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5
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Lu A, Pu M, Mo S, Su J, Hu J, Li C, Wang W, Yang T. (Pro)renin Receptor Regulates Phosphate Homeostasis in Rats via Releasing Fibroblast Growth Factor-23. Front Physiol 2022; 13:784521. [PMID: 35222071 PMCID: PMC8874195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.784521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) is one of the basic necessities required for sustenance of life and its metabolism largely relies on excretory function of the kidney, a process chiefly under the endocrine control of bone-derived fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). However, knowledge gap exists in understanding the regulatory loop responsible for eliciting phophaturic response to Pi treatment. Here, we reported a novel role of (pro)renin receptor (PRR) in mediating phosphaturic response to Pi treatment via upregulation of FGF23 production. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated for 5 days via osmotic pump-driven infusion of a PRR antagonist PRO20 or vehicle, and then treated with high Pi (HP) solution as drinking fluid for the last 24 h. PRO20 reduced HP-induced Pi excretion by 42%, accompanied by blunted upregulation of circulating FGF23 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and downregulation of renal Na/Pi-IIa expression. In cultured osteoblast cells, exposure to HP induced a 1.56-fold increase in FGF23 expression, which was blunted by PRO20 or siRNA against PRR. Together, these results suggest that activation of PRR promotes phosphaturic response through stimulation of FGF23 production and subsequent downregulation of renal Na/Pi-IIa expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Lu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Pu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Mo
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Su
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Tianxin Yang,
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6
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Culver SA, Akhtar S, Rountree-Jablin C, Keller SR, Cathro HP, Gildea JJ, Siragy HM. Knockout of Nephron ATP6AP2 Impairs Proximal Tubule Function and Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab200. [PMID: 34534267 PMCID: PMC8489432 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ATP6AP2 expression is increased in the nephron during high-fat diet (HFD) and its knockout (ATP6AP2 KO) reduces body weight (WT) in mice. We evaluated the contribution of ATP6AP2 to urinary glucose (UG) and albumin (Ualb) handling during HFD. We hypothesized that nephron ATP6AP2 KO increases UG and Ualb and minimizes HFD-induced obesity. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with inducible nephron-specific ATP6AP2 KO and noninduced controls were fed either normal diet (ND, 12% kcal fat) or HFD (45% kcal fat) for 6 months. ATP6AP2 KO mice on ND had 20% (P < 0.01) lower WT compared with controls. HFD-fed mice had 41% (P < 0.05) greater WT than ND-fed control mice. In contrast, ATP6AP2 KO abrogated the increase in WT induced by HFD by 40% (P < 0.05). Mice on HFD had less caloric intake compared with ND controls (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in metabolic rate between all groups. UG and Ualb was significantly increased in ATP6AP2 KO mice on both ND and HFD. ATP6AP2 KO showed greater levels of proximal tubule apoptosis and histologic evidence of proximal tubule injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that nephron-specific ATP6AP2 KO is associated with glucosuria and albuminuria, most likely secondary to renal proximal tubule injury and/or dysfunction. Urinary loss of nutrients may have contributed to the reduced WT of knockout mice on ND and lack of WT gain in response to HFD. Future investigation should elucidate the mechanisms by which loss of renal ATP6AP2 causes proximal tubule injury and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas A Culver
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Safia Akhtar
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Callie Rountree-Jablin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Susanna R Keller
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Helen P Cathro
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John J Gildea
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Helmy M Siragy
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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7
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Xu C, Chen Y, Wang F, Xie S, Yang T. Soluble (Pro)Renin Receptor as a Negative Regulator of NCC (Na +-Cl - Cotransporter) Activity. Hypertension 2021; 78:1027-1038. [PMID: 34495675 PMCID: PMC9212213 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Xu
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, the United States
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, the United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, the United States
| | - Shiying Xie
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, the United States
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8
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Wang F, Chen Y, Zou CJ, Luo R, Yang T. Mutagenesis of the Cleavage Site of Pro Renin Receptor Abrogates Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension in Mice. Hypertension 2021; 78:115-127. [PMID: 34024121 PMCID: PMC9212214 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yanting Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Chang-jiang Zou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Renfei Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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9
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Prieto MC, Gonzalez AA, Visniauskas B, Navar LG. The evolving complexity of the collecting duct renin-angiotensin system in hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:481-492. [PMID: 33824491 PMCID: PMC8443079 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system is critical for the regulation of tubule sodium reabsorption, renal haemodynamics and blood pressure. The excretion of renin in urine can result from its increased filtration, the inhibition of renin reabsorption by megalin in the proximal tubule, or its secretion by the principal cells of the collecting duct. Modest increases in circulating or intrarenal angiotensin II (ANGII) stimulate the synthesis and secretion of angiotensinogen in the proximal tubule, which provides sufficient substrate for collecting duct-derived renin to form angiotensin I (ANGI). In models of ANGII-dependent hypertension, ANGII suppresses plasma renin, suggesting that urinary renin is not likely to be the result of increased filtered load. In the collecting duct, ANGII stimulates the synthesis and secretion of prorenin and renin through the activation of ANGII type 1 receptor (AT1R) expressed primarily by principal cells. The stimulation of collecting duct-derived renin is enhanced by paracrine factors including vasopressin, prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin. Furthermore, binding of prorenin and renin to the prorenin receptor in the collecting duct evokes a number of responses, including the non-proteolytic enzymatic activation of prorenin to produce ANGI from proximal tubule-derived angiotensinogen, which is then converted into ANGII by luminal angiotensin-converting enzyme; stimulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in principal cells; and activation of intracellular pathways linked to the upregulation of cyclooxygenase 2 and profibrotic genes. These findings suggest that dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system in the collecting duct contributes to the development of hypertension by enhancing sodium reabsorption and the progression of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minolfa C. Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,
| | - Alexis A. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Bruna Visniauskas
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - L. Gabriel Navar
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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10
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Qin M, Xu C, Yu J. The Soluble (Pro)renin Receptor in health and diseases: Foe or Friend?. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:251-261. [PMID: 34158404 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is a single-transmembrane protein that regulates the local renin-angiotensin system and participates in various intracellular signaling pathways, thus exhibiting a significant physio-pathological relevance in cellular homeostasis. A soluble form of PRR (sPRR) is generated through proteases-mediated cleavage of the full-length PRR and secreted into extracellular spaces. Accumulating evidence indicates pivotal biological functions of sPRR in various physiopathological processes. sPRR may be a novel biomarker for multiple diseases. Significance Statement Circulating sPRR concentrations are elevated in patients and animals under various physiopathological conditions. Here we highlight recent advances in sPRR functions in health and pathophysiological conditions. Results suggest that sPRR may be a novel biomarker for multiple diseases, but further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic value of sPRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Qin
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, United States
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11
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Quadri SS, Cooper C, Ghaffar D, Vaishnav H, Nahar L. The Pathological Role of Pro(Renin) Receptor in Renal Inflammation. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:339-344. [PMID: 33776491 PMCID: PMC7989955 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s297682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is the recently discovered component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS). Many organs contain their own RAS, wherein PRR can exert organ-specific localized effects. The Binding of prorenin/renin to PRR activates angiotensin-dependent and independent pathways which leads to the development of physiological and pathological effects. Continued progress in PRR research suggests that the upregulation of PRR contributes to the development of hypertension, glomerular injury, and progression of kidney disease and inflammation. In the current review, we highlight the function of the PRR in renal inflammation in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed S Quadri
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Caleb Cooper
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Dawood Ghaffar
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Hitesh Vaishnav
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ludmila Nahar
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine/John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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12
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Feng Y, Peng K, Luo R, Wang F, Yang T. Site-1 Protease-Derived Soluble (Pro)Renin Receptor Contributes to Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension in Mice. Hypertension 2021; 77:405-416. [PMID: 33280408 PMCID: PMC7803453 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of PRR ([pro]renin receptor) contributes to enhancement of intrarenal RAS and renal medullary α-ENaC and thus elevated blood pressure during Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion. The goal of the present study was to test whether such action of PRR was mediated by sPRR (soluble PRR), generated by S1P (site-1 protease), a newly identified PRR cleavage protease. F1 B6129SF1/J mice were infused for 6 days with control or Ang II at 300 ng/kg per day alone or in combination with S1P inhibitor PF-429242 (PF), and blood pressure was monitored by radiotelemetry. S1P inhibition significantly attenuated Ang II-induced hypertension accompanied with suppressed urinary and renal medullary renin levels and expression of renal medullary but not renal cortical α-ENaC expression. The effects of S1P inhibition were all reversed by supplement with histidine-tagged sPRR termed as sPRR-His. Ussing chamber technique was performed to determine amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current, an index of ENaC activity in confluent mouse cortical collecting duct cell line cells exposed for 24 hours to Ang II, Ang II + PF, or Ang II + PF + sPRR-His. Ang II-induced ENaC activity was blocked by PF, which was reversed by sPRR-His. Together, these results support that S1P-derived sPRR mediates Ang II-induced hypertension through enhancement of intrarenal renin level and activation of ENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City
| | - Kexin Peng
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City
| | - Renfei Luo
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City
| | - Fei Wang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City
| | - Tianxin Yang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City
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13
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Arthur G, Osborn JL, Yiannikouris FB. (Pro)renin receptor in the kidney: function and significance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R377-R383. [PMID: 33470188 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00259.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
(Pro)renin receptor (PRR), a 350-amino acid receptor initially thought of as a receptor for the binding of renin and prorenin, is multifunctional. In addition to its role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), PRR transduces several intracellular signaling molecules and is a component of the vacuolar H+-ATPase that participates in autophagy. PRR is found in the kidney and particularly in great abundance in the cortical collecting duct. In the kidney, PRR participates in water and salt balance, acid-base balance, and autophagy and plays a role in development and progression of hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, and kidney fibrosis. This review highlights the role of PRR in the development and function of the kidney, namely, the macula densa, podocyte, proximal and distal convoluted tubule, and the principal cells of the collecting duct, and focuses on PRR function in body fluid volume homeostasis, blood pressure regulation, and acid-base balance. This review also explores new advances in the molecular mechanism involving PRR in normal renal health and pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrude Arthur
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Jeffrey L Osborn
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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14
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Curnow AC, Gonsalez SR, Gogulamudi VR, Visniauskas B, Simon EE, Gonzalez AA, Majid DSA, Lara LS, Prieto MC. Low Nitric Oxide Bioavailability Increases Renin Production in the Collecting Duct. Front Physiol 2020; 11:559341. [PMID: 33281610 PMCID: PMC7705222 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.559341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the kidney, the stimulation of renin production by the collecting duct (CD-renin) contributes to the development of hypertension. The CD is a major nephron segment for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), and low NO bioavailability in the renal medulla is associated with hypertension. However, it is unknown whether NO regulates renin production in the CD. To test the hypothesis that low intrarenal NO levels stimulate the production of CD-renin, we first examined renin expression in the distal nephron segments of CD-eNOS deficient mice. In these mice, specific CD-renin immunoreactivity was increased compared to wild-type littermates; however, juxtaglomerular (JG) renin was not altered. To further assess the intracellular mechanisms involved, we then treated M-1 cells with either 1 mM L-NAME (L-arginine analog), an inhibitor of NO synthase activity, or 1 mM NONOate, a NO donor. Both treatments increased intracellular renin protein levels in M-1 cells. However, only the inhibition of NOS with L-NAME stimulated renin synthesis and secretion as reflected by the increase in Ren1C transcript and renin protein levels in the extracellular media, respectively. In addition, NONOate induced a fast mobilization of cGMP and intracellular renin accumulation. These response was partially prevented by guanylyl cyclase inhibition with ODQ (1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1]. Accumulation of intracellular renin was blocked by protein kinase G (PKG) and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors. Our data indicate that low NO bioavailability increases CD-renin synthesis and secretion, which may contribute to the activation of intrarenal renin angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Curnow
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Sabrina R. Gonsalez
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Visniauskas
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Eric E. Simon
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Alexis A. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Dewan S. A. Majid
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Lucienne S. Lara
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Minolfa C. Prieto
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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15
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Wang F, Luo R, Peng K, Liu X, Xu C, Lu X, Soodvilai S, Yang T. Soluble (pro)renin receptor regulation of ENaC involved in aldosterone signaling in cultured collecting duct cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F817-F825. [PMID: 31841392 PMCID: PMC7099505 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00436.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that activation of (pro)renin receptor (PRR) induces epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) activity in cultured collecting duct cells. Here, we examined the role of soluble PRR (sPRR), the cleavage product of PRR in ENaC regulation, and further tested its relevance to aldosterone signaling. In cultured mpkCCD cells, administration of recombinant histidine-tagged sPRR (sPRR-His) at 10 nM within minutes induced a significant and transient increase in the amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current as assessed using the Ussing chamber technique. The acute ENaC activation was blocked by the NADPH oxidase 1/4 inhibitor GKT137892 and siRNA against Nox4 but not the β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001. In primary rat inner medullary collecting duct cells, administration of sPRR-His at 10 nM for 24 h induced protein expression of the α-subunit but not β- or γ-subunits of ENaC, in parallel with upregulation of mRNA expression as well as promoter activity of the α-subunit. The transcriptional activation of α-ENaC was dependent on β-catenin signaling. Consistent results obtained by epithelial volt ohmmeter measurement of equivalent current and Ussing chamber determination of short-circuit current showed that aldosterone-induced transepithelial Na+ transport was inhibited by the PRR decoy inhibitor PRO20 and PF-429242, an inhibitor of sPRR-generating enzyme site-1 protease, and the response was restored by the addition of sPRR-His. Medium sPRR was elevated by aldosterone and inhibited by PF-429242. Taken together, these results demonstrate that sPRR induces two phases of ENaC activation via distinct mechanisms and functions as a mediator of the natriferic action of aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Renfei Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kexin Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyang Liu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanming Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Sunhapas Soodvilai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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16
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Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) was first identified as a single-transmembrane receptor in human kidneys and initially attracted attention owing to its potential role as a regulator of the tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Subsequent studies found that the (P)RR is widely distributed in organs throughout the body, including the kidneys, heart, brain, eyes, placenta and the immune system, and has multifaceted functions in vivo. The (P)RR has roles in various physiological processes, such as the cell cycle, autophagy, acid-base balance, energy metabolism, embryonic development, T cell homeostasis, water balance, blood pressure regulation, cardiac remodelling and maintenance of podocyte structure. These roles of the (P)RR are mediated by its effects on important biological systems and pathways including the tissue RAS, vacuolar H+-ATPase, Wnt, partitioning defective homologue (Par) and tyrosine phosphorylation. In addition, the (P)RR has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as fibrosis, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, diabetic microangiopathy, acute kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, cancer and obesity. Current evidence suggests that the (P)RR has key roles in the normal development and maintenance of vital organs and that dysfunction of the (P)RR is associated with diseases that are characterized by a disruption of the homeostasis of physiological functions.
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17
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Xu P, Gildea JJ, Zhang C, Konkalmatt P, Cuevas S, Bigler Wang D, Tran HT, Jose PA, Felder RA. Stomach gastrin is regulated by sodium via PPAR-α and dopamine D1 receptor. J Mol Endocrinol 2020; 64:53-65. [PMID: 31794424 PMCID: PMC7654719 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gastrin, secreted by stomach G cells in response to ingested sodium, stimulates the renal cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) to increase renal sodium excretion. It is not known how dietary sodium, independent of food, can increase gastrin secretion in human G cells. However, fenofibrate (FFB), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) agonist, increases gastrin secretion in rodents and several human gastrin-secreting cells, via a gastrin transcriptional promoter. We tested the following hypotheses: (1.) the sodium sensor in G cells plays a critical role in the sodium-mediated increase in gastrin expression/secretion, and (2.) dopamine, via the D1R and PPAR-α, is involved. Intact human stomach antrum and G cells were compared with human gastrin-secreting gastric and ovarian adenocarcinoma cells. When extra- or intracellular sodium was increased in human antrum, human G cells, and adenocarcinoma cells, gastrin mRNA and protein expression/secretion were increased. In human G cells, the PPAR-α agonist FFB increased gastrin protein expression that was blocked by GW6471, a PPAR-α antagonist, and LE300, a D1-like receptor antagonist. LE300 prevented the ability of FFB to increase gastrin protein expression in human G cells via the D1R, because the D5R, the other D1-like receptor, is not expressed in human G cells. Human G cells also express tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA decarboxylase, enzymes needed to synthesize dopamine. G cells in the stomach may be the sodium sensor that stimulates gastrin secretion, which enables the kidney to eliminate acutely an oral sodium load. Dopamine, via the D1R, by interacting with PPAR-α, is involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John J Gildea
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Dora Bigler Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Hanh T Tran
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Robin A Felder
- Department of Pathology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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18
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Periyasamy R, Das S, Pandey KN. Genetic disruption of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A upregulates renal (pro) renin receptor expression in Npr1 null mutant mice. Peptides 2019; 114:17-28. [PMID: 30965084 PMCID: PMC6821518 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine whether targeted-disruption of Npr1 gene (encoding for guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A; GC-A/NPRA) upregulates pro(renin) receptor (P)RR expression and leads to the activation of MAPKs in Npr1 gene-knockout mice. The Npr1 homozygous (Npr1-/-; 0-copy), heterozygous (Npr1+/-; 1-copy), wild-type (Npr1+/+; 2-copy), and gene-duplicated (Npr1++/++; 4-copy) mice were utilized. To identify the canonical pathway of (P)RR, we administered ACE-1 inhibitor (captopril), AT1R blocker (losartan), and MAPKs inhibitors (U0126 and SB203580) to all Npr1 mice genotypes. The renal expression of (P)RR mRNA was increased by 3-fold in 0-copy mice and 2-fold in 1-copy mice compared with 2-copy mice, which was also associated with significantly increased expression of ACE-1 and AT1R mRNA levels. Similarly, the phosphorylation of MAPKs (Erk1/2 and p-p38) was enhanced by 3.5-fold and 3.2-fold, respectively, in 0-copy mice with significant increases in 1-copy mice compared with 2-copy mice. The kidney and plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated in 0-copy and 1-copy mice. Treatment with captopril and losartan did not alter the expression of (P)RR in any of the Npr1 mice genotypes. Interestingly, losartan significantly reduced the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and p38 in Npr1 mice. The present results suggest that the ablation of Npr1 upregulates (P)RR, MAPKs (Erk1/2 and p38), and proinflammatory cytokines in 0-copy and 1-copy mice. In contrast, the duplication of Npr1 exhibits the anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive effects by reducing the activation of MAPKs and inhibiting the expression levels of RAAS components and proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Periyasamy
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States
| | - Subhankar Das
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States
| | - Kailash N Pandey
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States.
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19
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Ramkumar N, Kohan DE. The (pro)renin receptor: an emerging player in hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1041-1052. [PMID: 30819554 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is a multifunctional protein that is expressed in multiple organs. Binding of prorenin/renin to the PRR activates angiotensin II-dependent and angiotensin II-independent pathways. The PRR is also involved in autophagy and Wnt/ß catenin signaling, functions that are not contingent on prorenin binding. Emerging evidence suggests that the PRR plays an important role in blood pressure regulation and glucose and lipid metabolism. Herein, we review PRR function in health and disease, with particular emphasis on hypertension and the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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20
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Ramkumar N, Stuart D, Mironova E, Abraham N, Gao Y, Wang S, Lakshmipathi J, Stockand JD, Kohan DE. Collecting duct principal, but not intercalated, cell prorenin receptor regulates renal sodium and water excretion. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F607-F617. [PMID: 29790390 PMCID: PMC6172572 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00122.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The collecting duct is the predominant nephron site of prorenin and prorenin receptor (PRR) expression. We previously demonstrated that the collecting duct PRR regulates epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) activity and water transport; however, which cell type is involved remains unclear. Herein, we examined the effects of principal cell (PC) or intercalated cell (IC) PRR deletion on renal Na+ and water handling. PC or IC PRR knockout (KO) mice were obtained by crossing floxed PRR mice with mice harboring Cre recombinase under the control of the AQP2 or B1 subunit of the H+ ATPase promoters, respectively. PC KO mice had reduced renal medullary ENaC-α abundance and increased urinary Na+ losses on a low-Na+ diet compared with controls. Conversely, IC KO mice had no apparent differences in Na+ balance or ENaC abundance compared with controls. Acute treatment with prorenin increased ENaC channel number and open probability in acutely isolated cortical collecting ducts from control and IC PRR KO, but not PC PRR KO, mice. Furthermore, compared with controls, PC KO, but not IC KO mice, had increased urine volume, reduced urine osmolality, and reduced abundance of renal medullary AQP2. Taken together, these findings indicate that PC, but not IC, PRR modulates ENaC activity, urinary Na+ excretion, and water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Deborah Stuart
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Elena Mironova
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nikita Abraham
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Yang Gao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Shuping Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jayalakshmi Lakshmipathi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - James D Stockand
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Salt Lake City, Utah
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21
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(Pro)Renin receptor mediates obesity-induced antinatriuresis and elevated blood pressure via upregulation of the renal epithelial sodium channel. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202419. [PMID: 30118514 PMCID: PMC6097690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the renal (pro)renin receptor (PRR) regulates expression of the alpha subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (α-ENaC). In this study we hypothesized that the renal PRR mediates high fat diet (HFD)-induced sodium retention and elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) by enhancing expression of the epithelial sodium channel (α-ENaC). In our study we used a recently developed inducible nephron specific PRR knockout mouse. Mice (n = 6 each group) were allocated to receive regular diet (RD, 12 kcal% fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 45 kcal% fat) for 10 weeks. Body weight (BW), SBP, urine volume (UV) and urine sodium (UNaV), as well as renal interstitial Angiotensin II (Ang II), and renal medullary expression of PRR, p-SGK-1, α-ENaC were monitored in RD and HFD mice with or without PRR knockout. At baseline, there were no significant differences in BW, BP, UV or UNaV between different animal groups. At the end of the study, HFD mice had significant increases in SBP, BW, and significant reductions in UV and UNaV. Compared to RD, HFD significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of PRR, α-ENaC, p-SGK-1, and Ang II. Compared to HFD alone, PRR knockout mice on HFD had reduced mRNA and protein expression of PRR, p-SGK-1, and α-ENaC, as well as increased UV, UNaV and significantly reduced SBP. RIF Ang II was significantly increased by HFD and did not change in response to PRR knockout. We conclude that obesity induced sodium retention and elevated SBP are mediated by the PRR-SGK-1- α-ENaC pathway independent of Ang II.
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Li Z, Zhou L, Wang Y, Miao J, Hong X, Hou FF, Liu Y. (Pro)renin Receptor Is an Amplifier of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling in Kidney Injury and Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2393-2408. [PMID: 28270411 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016070811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is a transmembrane protein with multiple functions. However, its regulation and role in the pathogenesis of CKD remain poorly defined. Here, we report that PRR is a downstream target and an essential component of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In mouse models, induction of CKD by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), adriamycin, or angiotensin II infusion upregulated PRR expression in kidney tubular epithelium. Immunohistochemical staining of kidney biopsy specimens also revealed induction of renal PRR in human CKD. Overexpression of either Wnt1 or β-catenin induced PRR mRNA and protein expression in vitro Notably, forced expression of PRR potentiated Wnt1-mediated β-catenin activation and augmented the expression of downstream targets such as fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Conversely, knockdown of PRR by siRNA abolished β-catenin activation. PRR potentiation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling did not require renin, but required vacuolar H+ ATPase activity. In the mouse model of IRI, transfection with PRR or Wnt1 expression vectors promoted β-catenin activation, aggravated kidney dysfunction, and worsened renal inflammation and fibrotic lesions. Coexpression of PRR and Wnt1 had a synergistic effect. In contrast, knockdown of PRR expression ameliorated kidney injury and fibrosis after IRI. These results indicate that PRR is both a downstream target and a crucial element in Wnt signal transmission. We conclude that PRR can promote kidney injury and fibrosis by amplifying Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Lili Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Yongping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Jinhua Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Xue Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Youhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and .,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxin Yang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City; and Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Ramkumar N, Kohan DE. The nephron (pro)renin receptor: function and significance. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1145-F1148. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00476.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is a multifunctional protein that is part of the renin-angiotensin system and is an important accessory molecule for the vacuolar H+-ATPase. The PRR is widely expressed in the kidney with relatively high abundance in the distal nephron. Determining the physiological relevance of the PRR has been challenging due to early lethality in whole animal and cell-specific PRR knockout models. Recently, viable renal cell-specific PRR knockout mice have been developed; these studies suggest that PRR in the nephron can modulate renal function via angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent and -independent cell signaling pathways. In this mini-review, we highlight new developments in nephron PRR function in health and in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
| | - Donald E. Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; and
- Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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25
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Xu C, Fang H, Zhou L, Lu A, Yang T. High potassium promotes mutual interaction between (pro)renin receptor and the local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in rat inner medullary collecting duct cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C686-C695. [PMID: 27534754 PMCID: PMC5129751 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00128.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) is predominantly expressed in the collecting duct (CD) with unclear functional implication. It is not known whether CD PRR is regulated by high potassium (HK). Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of HK on PRR expression and its role in regulation of aldosterone synthesis and release in the CD. In primary rat inner medullary CD cells, HK augmented PRR expression and soluble PPR (sPRR) release in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which was attenuated by PRR small interfering RNA (siRNA), eplerenone, and losartan. HK upregulated aldosterone release in parallel with an increase of CYP11B2 (cytochrome P-450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2) protein expression and upregulation of medium renin activity, both of which were attenuated by a PRR antagonist PRO20, PRR siRNA, eplerenone, and losartan. Similarly, prorenin upregulated aldosterone release and CYP11B2 expression, both of which were attenuated by PRR siRNA. Interestingly, a recombinant sPRR (sPRR-His) also stimulated aldosterone release and CYP11B2 expression. Taken together, we conclude that HK enhances a local renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), leading to increased PRR expression, which in turn amplifies the response of the RAAS, ultimately contributing to heightened aldosterone release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Xu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Hui Fang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Aihua Lu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and .,Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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26
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Ramkumar N, Kohan DE. Role of the Collecting Duct Renin Angiotensin System in Regulation of Blood Pressure and Renal Function. Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 18:29. [PMID: 26951246 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-016-0638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the renal tubular renin angiotensin system regulates urinary Na(+) and water excretion and blood pressure. Three key components of the tubular renin angiotensin system, namely renin, prorenin receptor, and angiotensin-II type 1 receptor, are localized to the collecting duct. This system may modulate collecting duct Na(+) and water reabsorption via angiotensin-II-dependent and angiotensin-II-independent pathways. Further, the system may be of greatest relevance in hypertensive states and particularly those characterized by high circulating angiotensin-II. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the synthesis, regulation, and function of collecting duct-derived renin angiotensin system components and examine recent developments with regard to regulation of blood pressure and renal fluid and Na(+) excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 30 N 1900 E SOM 4R312, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 30 N 1900 E SOM 4R312, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA. .,Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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27
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Lou Y, Zhang F, Luo Y, Wang L, Huang S, Jin F. Serum and Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase 1 in Sodium Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081307. [PMID: 27517916 PMCID: PMC5000704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is tightly regulated by osmotic and hormonal signals, including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Recently, SGK1 has been implicated as a signal hub for the regulation of sodium transport. SGK1 modulates the activities of multiple ion channels and carriers, such as epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.5), sodium hydrogen exchangers 1 and 3 (NHE1 and NHE3), sodium-chloride symporter (NCC), and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (NKCC2); as well as the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) and type A natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A). Accordingly, SGK1 is implicated in the physiology and pathophysiology of Na+ homeostasis. Here, we focus particularly on recent findings of SGK1’s involvement in Na+ transport in renal sodium reabsorption, hormone-stimulated salt appetite and fluid balance and discuss the abnormal SGK1-mediated Na+ reabsorption in hypertension, heart disease, edema with diabetes, and embryo implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Lou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuqin Luo
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shisi Huang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, National Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Women's Reproductive Healthy Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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28
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Peng K, Lu X, Wang F, Nau A, Chen R, Zhou SF, Yang T. Collecting duct (pro)renin receptor targets ENaC to mediate angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F245-F253. [PMID: 27122543 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00178.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor (PRR) is abundantly expressed in the collecting duct (CD) and the expression is further induced by angiotensin II (ANG II). The present study was conducted to investigate the role of CD PRR during ANG II-induced hypertension and to further explore the underlying mechanism. Radiotelemetry demonstrated that a 1-wk ANG II infusion gradually and significantly induced hypertensive response in floxed mice and this response was significantly attenuated in mice lacking PRR in the CD (termed CD PRR KO). ANG II infusion in floxed mice increased urinary renin activity and selectively induced renal medullary α-epithelial sodium channel (α-ENaC) mRNA and protein expression, all of which were blunted in the null mice. In cultured mpkCCD cells grown in Transwells, transepithelial Na+ transport as measured by using a volt-ohmmeter was transiently stimulated by acute ANG II treatment, which was abolished by a PRR antagonist, PRO20. In a chronic setting, ANG II treatment induced α-ENaC mRNA expression in mpkCCD cells, which was similarly blocked by PRO20. Chronic intramedullary infusion of an ENaC inhibitor amiloride in rats significantly attenuated ANG II-induced hypertension. Overall, the present study suggests that CD PRR contributes to ANG II-induced hypertension at least partially via activation of renal medullary ENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Peng
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Adam Nau
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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29
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Xu Q, Jensen DD, Peng H, Feng Y. The critical role of the central nervous system (pro)renin receptor in regulating systemic blood pressure. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:126-34. [PMID: 27113409 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The systemic renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has long been recognized as a critically important system in blood pressure (BP) regulation. However, extensive evidence has shown that a majority of RAS components are also present in many tissues and play indispensable roles in BP regulation. Here, we review evidence that RAS components, notably including the newly identified (pro)renin receptor (PRR), are present in the brain and are essential for the central regulation of BP. Binding of the PRR to its ligand, prorenin or renin, increases BP and promotes progression of cardiovascular diseases in an angiotensin II-dependent and -independent manner, establishing the PRR a promising antihypertensive drug target. We also review the existing PRR blockers, including handle region peptide and PRO20, and propose a rationale for blocking prorenin/PRR activation as a therapeutic approach that does not affect the actions of the PRR in vacuolar H(+)-ATPase and development. Finally, we summarize categories of currently available antihypertensive drugs and consider future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanbin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Dane D Jensen
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Hua Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huangzhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yumei Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA; Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA.
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30
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Ramkumar N, Stuart D, Mironova E, Bugay V, Wang S, Abraham N, Ichihara A, Stockand JD, Kohan DE. Renal tubular epithelial cell prorenin receptor regulates blood pressure and sodium transport. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F186-94. [PMID: 27053687 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00088.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological significance of the renal tubular prorenin receptor (PRR) has been difficult to elucidate due to developmental abnormalities associated with global or renal-specific PRR knockout (KO). We recently developed an inducible renal tubule-wide PRR KO using the Pax8/LC1 transgenes and demonstrated that disruption of renal tubular PRR at 1 mo of age caused no renal histological abnormalities. Here, we examined the role of renal tubular PRR in blood pressure (BP) regulation and Na(+) excretion and investigated the signaling mechanisms by which PRR regulates Na(+) balance. No detectable differences in BP were observed between control and PRR KO mice fed normal- or low-Na(+) diets. However, compared with controls, PRR KO mice had elevated plasma renin concentration and lower cumulative Na(+) balance with normal- and low-Na(+) intake. PRR KO mice had an attenuated hypertensive response and reduced Na(+) retention following angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion. Furthermore, PRR KO mice had significantly lower epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC-α) expression. Treatment with mouse prorenin increased, while PRR antagonism decreased, ENaC activity in isolated split-open collecting ducts (CD). The prorenin effect was prevented by protein kinase A and Akt inhibition, but unaffected by blockade of AT1, ERK1/2, or p38 MAPK pathways. Taken together, these data indicate that renal tubular PRR, likely via direct prorenin/renin stimulation of PKA/Akt-dependent pathways, stimulates CD ENaC activity. Absence of renal tubular PRR promotes Na(+) wasting and reduces the hypertensive response to ANG II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah;
| | - Deborah Stuart
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Elena Mironova
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Vladislav Bugay
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Shuping Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nikita Abraham
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Atsuhiro Ichihara
- Department of Medicine II, Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James D Stockand
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas; and
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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