1
|
Martin OA, Sykes PJ, Lavin M, Engels E, Martin RF. What's Changed in 75 Years of RadRes? - An Australian Perspective on Selected Topics. Radiat Res 2024; 202:309-327. [PMID: 38966925 DOI: 10.1667/rade-24-00037.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Several scientific themes are reviewed in the context of the 75-year period relevant to this special platinum issue of Radiation Research. Two criteria have been considered in selecting the scientific themes. One is the exposure of the associated research activity in the annual meetings of the Radiation Research Society (RRS) and in the publications of the Society's Journal, thus reflecting the interest of members of RRS. The second criteria is a focus on contributions from Australian members of RRS. The first theme is the contribution of radiobiology to radiation oncology, featuring two prominent Australian radiation oncologists, the late Rod Withers and his younger colleague, Lester Peters. Two other themes are also linked to radiation oncology; preclinical research aimed at developing experimental radiotherapy modalities, namely microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) and Auger endoradiotherapy. The latter has a long history, in contrast to MRT, especially in Australia, given that the associated medical beamline at the Australian Synchrotron in Melbourne only opened in 2011. Another theme is DNA repair, which has a trajectory parallel to the 75-year period of interest, given the birth of molecular biology in the 1950s. The low-dose radiobiology theme has a similar timeline, predominantly prompted by the nuclear era, which is also connected to the radioprotector theme, although radioprotectors also have a long-established potential utility in cancer radiotherapy. Finally, two themes are associated with biodosimetry. One is the micronucleus assay, highlighting the pioneering contribution from Michael Fenech in Adelaide, South Australia, and the other is the γ-H2AX assay and its widespread clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Martin
- Centre of Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Pamela J Sykes
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Martin Lavin
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, QSL, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elette Engels
- Centre of Medical Radiation Physics (CMRP), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger F Martin
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Butulija S, Šobot AV, Todorović B, Petrović SM, Radovanović Ž, Ilić B, Matović B, Mihailović R, Zarubica A, Zmejkoski D, Tričković JF. Exploring the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of bacterial cellulose-cerium oxide nanoparticles hydrogel: Design, characterization and biomedical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133702. [PMID: 38972659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising natural polymer prized for its biocompatibility, microporosity, transparency, conformability, elasticity, and ability to maintain a moist wound environment while absorbing exudates. These attributes make BC an attractive material in biomedical applications, particularly in skin tissue repair. However, its lack of inherent antimicrobial activity limits its effectiveness. In this study, BC was enhanced by incorporating cerium (IV)-oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles, resulting in a series of bacterial cellulose-CeO2 (BC-CeO2) composite materials. Characterization via FESEM, XRD, and FTIR confirmed the successful synthesis of the composites. Notably, BC-CeO2-1 exhibited no cytotoxic or genotoxic effects on peripheral blood lymphocytes, and it additionally protected cells from genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in H2O2-treated cultures. Redox parameters in blood plasma samples displayed concentration and time-dependent trends in PAB and LPP assays. The incorporation of CeO2 nanoparticles also bolstered antimicrobial activity, expanding the potential biomedical applications of these composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Butulija
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ana Valenta Šobot
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bratislav Todorović
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobođenja 124, Leskovac, Serbia.
| | - Sanja M Petrović
- Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobođenja 124, Leskovac, Serbia.
| | - Željko Radovanović
- Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Bojana Ilić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branko Matović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ružica Mihailović
- Veterinary Specialist Institute "Kraljevo", Žička 34, Kraljevo, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Zarubica
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Danica Zmejkoski
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Filipović Tričković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Repin M, Garty G, Garippa RJ, Brenner DJ. RABiT-III: an Automated Micronucleus Assay at a Non-Specialized Biodosimetry Facility. Radiat Res 2024; 201:567-571. [PMID: 38514936 PMCID: PMC11310857 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00120.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Micronuclei, detected through the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, are valuable indicators of ionizing radiation exposure, especially in short-term lymphocyte cultures. The peripheral human blood lymphocyte assay is recognized as a prime candidate for automated biodosimetry. In a prior project at the Columbia University Center for Radiological Research, we automated this assay using the 96-well ANSI/SLAS microplate standard format and relied on established biotech robotic systems named Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool (RABiT). In this study, we present the application of a similar automated biotech setup at an external high-throughput facility (RABiT-III) to implement the same automated cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Specifically, we employed the Agilent BRAVO liquid-handling system and GE IN Cell Analyzer 6000 imaging system in conjunction with the PerkinElmer Columbus image data storage and analysis system. Notably, this analysis system features an embedded PhenoLOGIC machine learning module, simplifying the creation of cell classification algorithms for CBMN assay image analysis and enabling the generation of radiation dose-response curves. This investigation underscores the adaptability of the RABiT-II CBMN protocol to diverse RABiT-III biotech robotic platforms in non-specialized biodosimetry centers. Furthermore, it highlights the advantages of machine learning in rapidly developing algorithms crucial for the high-throughput automated analysis of RABiT-III images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Repin
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Guy Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Irvington, New York
| | - Ralph J. Garippa
- Gene Editing & Screening Core Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Irnidayanti Y, Azzahra M, Lusiyanti Y, Tetriana D, Yusuf D. Genotoxicity of Gamma Radiation Against Lymphocytes of Radiation Workers: The Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay. Pak J Biol Sci 2024; 27:276-282. [PMID: 38840468 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2024.276.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Gamma irradiation induces genotoxicity, characterized by the formation of extra-nuclear bodies and left behind during the anaphase stage of cell division, often referred to as a micronucleus (MN). The present work aims to monitor exposure to ionizing radiation as a genotoxic agent in the lymphocytes of workers at radiation energy centers. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The lymphocyte cytokinesis block micronucleus assay used and analyzed the correlation between the Nuclear Division Index (NDI), age, blood type and the number of micronuclei (MN). Blood samples were collected from 20 volunteers in heparin tubes, exposed to 2 Gy gamma rays and cultured <i>in vitro</i>. <b>Results:</b> A significant difference in the number of micronuclei between blood group A and blood groups A, B and AB. The Nuclear Division Index (NDI) value for lymphocytes of radiation energy center workers after gamma radiation was significant (1.74±0.1) but still within the normal range. Neither MN frequency nor NDI values correlated with age, but MN frequency showed a correlation with blood type. <b>Conclusion:</b> The gamma irradiation did not induce a cytostatic effect but proved genotoxic to the lymphocytes of radiation energy center workers. Notably, blood type A demonstrated higher sensitivity to gamma radiation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Fenech MF, Bull CF, Van Klinken BJW. Protective Effects of Micronutrient Supplements, Phytochemicals and Phytochemical-Rich Beverages and Foods Against DNA Damage in Humans: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Studies. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1337-1358. [PMID: 37573943 PMCID: PMC10721466 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage diminishes cellular health, increases risk of developmental and degenerative diseases, and accelerates aging. Optimizing nutrient intake can minimize accrual of DNA damage. The objectives of this review are to: 1) assemble and systematically analyze high-level evidence for the effect of supplementation with micronutrients and phytochemicals on baseline levels of DNA damage in humans, and 2) use this knowledge to identify which of these essential micronutrients or nonessential phytochemicals promote DNA integrity in vivo in humans. We conducted systematic literature searches of the PubMed database to identify interventional, prospective, cross-sectional, or in vitro studies that explored the association between nutrients and established biomarkers of DNA damage associated with developmental and degenerative disease risk. Biomarkers included lymphocyte chromosome aberrations, lymphocyte and buccal cell micronuclei, DNA methylation, lymphocyte/leukocyte DNA strand breaks, DNA oxidation, telomere length, telomerase activity, and mitochondrial DNA mutations. Only randomized, controlled interventions and uncontrolled longitudinal intervention studies conducted in humans were selected for evaluation and data extraction. These studies were ranked for the quality of their study design. In all, 96 of the 124 articles identified reported studies that achieved a quality assessment score ≥ 5 (from a maximum score of 7) and were included in the final review. Based on these studies, nutrients associated with protective effects included vitamin A and its precursor β-carotene, vitamins C, E, B1, B12, folate, minerals selenium and zinc, and phytochemicals such as curcumin (with piperine), lycopene, and proanthocyanidins. These findings highlight the importance of nutrients involved in (i) DNA metabolism and repair (folate, vitamin B12, and zinc) and (ii) prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation (vitamins A, C, E, lycopene, curcumin, proanthocyanidins, selenium, and zinc). Supplementation with certain micronutrients and their combinations may reduce DNA damage and promote cellular health by improving the maintenance of genome integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Fenech
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Clinical and Health Sciences, Health and Biomedical Innovation, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Caroline F Bull
- Molecular Diagnostics Solutions, CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - B Jan-Willem Van Klinken
- GSK Consumer Healthcare (now named Haleon), Warren, New Jersey, USA; Brightseed, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Samarth RM, Gandhi P, Chaudhury NK. Co-occurrence of acrocentric chromosome associations with dicentric chromosomes in irradiated human lymphocytes. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:862-868. [PMID: 37479825 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The occurrence of acrocentric chromosome association (ACA) after radiation exposure is an interesting cytogenetic endpoint, known to show a dose-dependent increase in irradiated lymphocytes suggesting its potential use in radiation biodosimetry. Here, an attempt was made to study the complexity and correlation of the occurrence of ACA with dicentric chromosomes (DC) in lymphocytes exposed to gamma radiation. METHODS Ninety metaphases each with DC and without DC were chosen randomly from lymphocytes irradiated with different doses (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Gy) of gamma radiation. ACA along with chromosomal types of aberrations were scored and analyzed for complexity and co-occurrence, retrospectively. RESULTS The number of associations between 2 and ≥ 3 acrocentric chromosomes showed an increase with each irradiation dose. Concomitantly, the total number of chromosomal type of aberrations showed an increase in number at each radiation dose studied. The number of DC showed an increase, however, metaphases containing 1DC decreased while ≥ 2DC increased as the radiation dose increased. The number of tricentric chromosomes increased at doses higher than 2 Gy. Importantly, the association of DC with an acrocentric chromosome was noticed at doses 2 Gy and above. A significant (p < 0.05) increase was noticed in ACA frequency in 1DC and ≥ 2DC metaphases at 1 and 2 Gy, in 1DC at 3 Gy, and in ≥ 2DC 4 and 5 Gy compared to the frequency in no DC metaphases. When average ACA frequency was plotted against DC frequency, a significant (p = 0.0009) correlation was observed, producing regression equation y = 0.9025x + 0.1283; R2 = 0.9522. CONCLUSION The present analysis showed increasing ACA complexity with increasing radiation dose. Furthermore, a higher frequency of ACA in cells with 1DC or ≥ 2DC compared to the ACA in cells without DC from the same sample of irradiated lymphocytes demonstrated the co-occurrence of ACA and DC in the same cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra M Samarth
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre (BMHRC), under ICMR, Government of India, Raisen Bypass Road, 462038, Bhopal, India.
| | - Puneet Gandhi
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre (BMHRC), under ICMR, Government of India, Raisen Bypass Road, 462038, Bhopal, India
| | - Nabo Kumar Chaudhury
- Division of CBRN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), DRDO, 110054, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Beaton-Green LA, Mayenburg JM, Marro L, Hassan EM, Cuadros Sanchez S, Darwish R, Lachapelle S, Adam N, Burtt JJ, Van Den Hanenberg C, Rodrigues MA, Wang Q, Brenner DJ, Turner HC, Wilkins RC. Application of the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay for High-Dose Exposures Using Imaging Flow Cytometry. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:131-142. [PMID: 37527635 DOI: 10.1159/000532124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay is a well-established method to assess radiation-induced genetic damage in human cells. This assay has been adapted to imaging flow cytometry (IFC), allowing automated analysis of many cells, and eliminating the need to create microscope slides. Furthermore, to improve the efficiency of assay performance, a small-volume method previously developed was employed. Irradiated human blood samples were cultured, stained, and analyzed by IFC to produce images of the cells. Samples were run using both manual and 96-well plate automated acquisition. Multiple parameter-based image features were collected for each sample, and the results were compared to confirm that these acquisition methods are functionally identical. This paper details the multi-parametric analysis developed and the resulting calibration curves up to 10 Gy. The calibration curves were created using a quadratic random coefficient model with Poisson errors, as well as a logistic discriminant function. The curves were then validated with blinded, irradiated samples, using relative bias and relative mean square error. Overall, the accuracy of the dose estimates was adequate for triage dosimetry (within 1 Gy of the true dose) over 90% of the time for lower doses and about half the time for higher doses, with the lowest success rate between 5 and 6 Gy where the calibration curve reached its peak and there was the smallest change in MN/BNC with dose. This work describes the application of a novel multi-parametric analysis that fits the calibration curves and allows dose estimates up to 10 Gy, which were previously limited to 4 Gy. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the results from samples acquired manually and with the autosampler are functionally similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica M Mayenburg
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonora Marro
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eman M Hassan
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarita Cuadros Sanchez
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Riham Darwish
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lachapelle
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadine Adam
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie J Burtt
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyndi Van Den Hanenberg
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuchi Bhotla H, Balasubramanian B, Rengasamy KRR, Arumugam VA, Alagamuthu KK, Chithravel V, Chaudhary A, Alanazi AM, Pappuswamy M, Meyyazhagan A. Genotoxic repercussion of high-intensity radiation (x-rays) on hospital radiographers. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:123-131. [PMID: 36541415 DOI: 10.1002/em.22523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent technological advances in the medical field have increased the plausibility of exposing humans to high-intensity wavelength radiations like x-rays and gamma rays while diagnosing or treating specific medical maladies. These radiations induce nucleotide changes and chromosomal alterations in the exposed population, intentionally or accidentally. A radiological investigation is regularly used in identifying the disease, especially by the technicians working in intensive care units. The current study observes the genetic damages like chromosomal abnormalities (CA) in clinicians who are occupationally exposed to high-intensity radiations (x-rays) at their workplaces using universal cytogenetic tools like micronucleus assay (MN), sister chromatid exchange and comet assay. The study was conducted between 100 exposed practitioners from the abdominal scanning, chest scanning, cranial and orthopedic or bone scanning department and age-matched healthy controls. We observed a slightly higher rate of MN and CA (p < .05) in orthopedic and chest department practitioners than in other departments concerning increasing age and duration of exposure at work. Our results emphasize taking extra precautionary measures in clinical and hospital radiation laboratories to protect the practitioners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LNPMC), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Vijaya Anand Arumugam
- Medical Genetics and Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthick Kumar Alagamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, Selvamm Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Aditi Chaudhary
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar M, Singh S, Dwivedi S, Dubey I, Trivedi SP. Altered transcriptional levels of autophagy-related genes, induced by oxidative stress in fish Channa punctatus exposed to chromium. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1299-1313. [PMID: 36070034 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromium has been detected in various water bodies as a harmful metallic stressor to aquatic organisms. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism associated with autophagy, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity after chromium (Cr6+) exposure (1/20th of 96 h-LC50, 1/10th of 96 h-LC50, and 1/5th of 96 h-LC50 of Cr6+) of common food fish Channa punctatus. The mRNA levels of autophagy-related genes ATG5, LC3, GABARAP, and mTOR were assessed in the liver and kidney tissue of fish. An upregulation of ATG5, LC3, and GABARAP was observed in both liver and kidney tissue samples, while mTOR showed transcriptional downregulation in both the tissue samples. This depicts autophagic vesicle formation due to stress signals. All the studied oxidative stress markers SOD, CAT, GSH, GR, and GPx showed an increase in the activity level of treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, SOD and CAT have shown a significant elevation in activity level. ROS levels in blood cells increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all the treated groups (groups II, III, and IV) in a time-dependent manner as compared to the control (group I). There was a significant induction in MN frequency in all the treated groups. The highest frequency of micronuclei induced by Cr6+ was recorded in group IV after 28 days of exposure period. Collectively, it can be concluded that the information about Cr6+-induced oxidative stress-mediated autophagy in vital organs of fish Channa punctatus remains largely obscure hitherto; to fill the aforesaid gap, this study was undertaken, which gives a snapshot for the mechanisms of autophagy induced by Cr6+ in fish. HIGHLIGHTS: • Chronic exposure to Cr6+ induces eco-toxicological manifestations in a fish Channa punctatus. • Altered transcriptional profile of autophagy-related genes suggests autophagic vesicle formation due to stress signals. • Increased activity levels of oxidative stress biomarkers reveal that Cr6+ annihilates antioxidative defense system in fish. • Genotoxicity due to chromium exposure is evident by increased frequency of MN in red blood cells of fish. • The information presented in this study is helpful to get an insight into the mechanism of Cr6+-induced oxidative stress-mediated induction of autophagy in the liver and kidney of Channa punctatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India.
| | - Shefalee Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Shikha Dwivedi
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| | - Indrani Dubey
- Department of Zoology, DBS College, CSJM University, Kanpur, India
| | - Sunil P Trivedi
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow-226007, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Montaser SA, Ahmed MM, Mohammed MR. PARADOXICAL DUAL ROLES OF SOME CYTOKINES INTERPRETED BY CYTOGENETICS INVESTIGATIONS IN IRRADIATED HUMAN BLOOD CULTURES. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:862-869. [PMID: 35795919 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Four different cytokines (IL1-β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay investigations were evaluated in six human blood samples. They were divided into the control (nonirradiated) and five gamma-irradiated groups which were exposed to five different doses (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 Gy). Blood groups were cultured in triplets for 72 h following 1 h of irradiation. Immunological and cytogenetics were investigated parallelly at different irradiation doses to understand the connection between them. Our aim is anchoring the active proliferation action of cytokines by presence of binucleated cells and resting immune system by mononuclear cell. Also, cell death by increasing necrotic cell count and TNF-α concentration. When compared with the control group, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 Gy irradiation groups recorded a gradual increase in the cytokines levels, an increase in the total micronucleated cells (binucleated and mononucleated cells), an increase in necrotic and apoptotic cells counts. While 8 Gy irradiation leads to depletion in TNF-α concentration, although the number of necrotic cells was high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherien A Montaser
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P. O. Box; 29 Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Ahmed
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P. O. Box; 29 Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Manal R Mohammed
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P. O. Box; 29 Nasr City, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vaziri S, Mirzaei M, Saba F, Salehi Zahabi K, Salehi Zahabi S, Arab-Zozani M. Hematological parameters and X-ray exposure among medical radiation workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:645-656. [PMID: 35786240 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2096001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the effect of occupational exposure to X-ray on hematological parameters. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted in the Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to April 2020. The methodological quality was assessed by the 10-item Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for case-control studies. The random-effects model was used to estimate the effect size (standard difference in means (SDMs)). RESULTS Out of 1750 identified citations, ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The overall effect size did not show any significant difference between the two groups (SMDs ranged from -0.382±0.29 for white blood cells (WBC), 0.213±0.40 for platelet, -0.323±0.0.16 for mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 0.553±0.41 for mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), -1.615±1.41 for monocyte, 0.418±0.49 for lymphocyte (P-value>0.05). Only the effect size of red blood cells was significantly higher than that of the control group (SMD= 1.06±0.28; 95% CI: 0.504, 1.615; P-value=0.001). CONCLUSION The long-term and low-dose radiation may have no significant effect on blood parameters. Future studies are suggested to use other tests such as dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), cytogenetic tests, and modern tests besides blood count parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Vaziri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirzaei
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fakhredin Saba
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kharaman Salehi Zahabi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saleh Salehi Zahabi
- Radiology and nuclear medicine Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Morteza Arab-Zozani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sudprasert W, Belyakov OV, Tashiro S. Biological and internal dosimetry for radiation medicine: current status and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:247-254. [PMID: 34977921 PMCID: PMC8944326 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Hiroshima International Council for Health Care of the Radiation-Exposed (HICARE) jointly organized two relevant workshops in Hiroshima, Japan, i.e. a Training Meeting 'Biodosimetry in the 21st century' (BIODOSE-21) on 10-14 June 2013 and a Workshop on 'Biological and internal dosimetry: recent advance and clinical applications' which took place between 17 and 21 February 2020. The main objective of the first meeting was to develop the ability of biodosimetry laboratories to use mature and novel techniques in biological dosimetry for the estimation of radiation doses received by individuals and populations. This meeting had a special focus on the Asia-Pacific region and was connected with the then on-going IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP) E35008 'Strengthening of "Biological dosimetry" in IAEA Member States: Improvement of current techniques and intensification of collaboration and networking among the different institutes' (2012-17). The meeting was attended by 25 participants, which included 11 lecturers. The 14 trainees for this meeting came from India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. During the meeting 13 lectures by HICARE and IAEA invited lecturers were delivered besides eight research reports presented by the IAEA CRP E35008 network centers from the Asia-Pacific region. Two laboratory exercises were also undertaken, one each at Hiroshima University and the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF). The second training workshop aimed to discuss with the participants the use of mature and novel techniques in biological and internal dosimetry for the estimation of radiation effects by accidental, environmental and medical exposures. The workshop was attended by 19 participants from Indonesia, Jordan, Oman, Philippines, Singapore, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, UAE, USA and Yemen. The main outcome of both meetings was a review of the state-of-the-art of biodosimetry and internal dosimetry and their future perspectives in medical management. This report highlights the learning outcome of two meetings for the benefit of all stake-holders in the field of biological and internal dosimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Sudprasert
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Oleg V Belyakov
- Corresponding author. Section of Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria. E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shen X, Chen Y, Li C, Yang F, Wen Z, Zheng J, Zhou Z. Rapid and automatic detection of micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes image. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3913. [PMID: 35273270 PMCID: PMC8913785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a widely used radiation biological dose estimation method. However, the subjectivity and the time-consuming nature of manual detection limits CBMN for rapid standard assay. The CBMN analysis is combined with a convolutional neural network to create a software for rapid standard automated detection of micronuclei in Giemsa stained binucleated lymphocytes images in this study. Cell acquisition, adhesive cell mass segmentation, cell type identification, and micronucleus counting are the four steps of the software's analysis workflow. Even when the cytoplasm is hazy, several micronuclei are joined to each other, or micronuclei are attached to the nucleus, this algorithm can swiftly and efficiently detect binucleated cells and micronuclei in a verification of 2000 images. In a test of 20 slides, the software reached a detection rate of 99.4% of manual detection in terms of binucleated cells, with a false positive rate of 14.7%. In terms of micronuclei detection, the software reached a detection rate of 115.1% of manual detection, with a 26.2% false positive rate. Each image analysis takes roughly 0.3 s, which is an order of magnitude faster than manual detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Chaowen Li
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Fucheng Yang
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Zhanbo Wen
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Jinlin Zheng
- Beijing Huironghe Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101102, China
| | - Zhenggan Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Colafarina S, Di Carlo P, Zarivi O, Aloisi M, Di Serafino A, Aruffo E, Arrizza L, Limongi T, Poma A. Genotoxicity Response of Fibroblast Cells and Human Epithelial Adenocarcinoma In Vitro Model Exposed to Bare and Ozone-Treated Silica Microparticles. Cells 2022; 11:226. [PMID: 35053344 PMCID: PMC8773945 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoor air pollutants (IAP), which can pose a serious risk to human health, include biological pollutants, nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), volatile organic compounds (VOC), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), silica, metals, radon, and particulate matter (PM). The aim of our work is to conduct a multidisciplinary study of fine silica particles (<2.5 μm) in the presence or absence of ozone (O3), and evaluate their potential cytotoxicity using MTS, micronucleus, and the comet test in two cell lines. We analyzed A549 (human basal alveolar epithelial cell adenocarcinoma) and Hs27 (human normal fibroblasts) exposed to dynamic conditions by an IRC simulator under ozone flow (120 ppb) and in the presence of silica particles (40 μg/h). The viability of A549 and Hs27 cells at 48 and 72 h of exposure to silica or silica/ozone decreases, except at 72 h in Hs27 treated with silica/ozone. The micronucleus and comet tests showed a significant increase in the number of micronuclei and the % of DNA in the queue, compared to the control, in both lines in all treatments, even if in different cell times/types. We found that silica alone or with more O3 causes more pronounced genotoxic effects in A549 tumor cells than in normal Hs27 fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Colafarina
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (O.Z.); (M.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Piero Di Carlo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.C.); (A.D.S.); (E.A.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Zarivi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (O.Z.); (M.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Massimo Aloisi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (O.Z.); (M.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Alessandra Di Serafino
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.C.); (A.D.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Eleonora Aruffo
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (P.D.C.); (A.D.S.); (E.A.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology-CAST, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Arrizza
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (O.Z.); (M.A.); (L.A.)
| | - Tania Limongi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Anna Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (O.Z.); (M.A.); (L.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Stopper H, da Silva J, Bolognesi C, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Recommendations and quality criteria for micronucleus studies with humans. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108410. [PMID: 35690413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) analyses in peripheral blood lymphocytes and exfoliated cells from different organs (mouth, nose, bladder and cervix) are at present the most widely used approaches to detect damage of genetic material in humans. MN are extranuclear DNA-containing bodies, which can be identified microscopically. They reflect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations and are formed as a consequence of exposure to occupational, environmental and lifestyle genotoxins. They are also induced as a consequence of inadequate intake of certain trace elements and vitamins. High MN rates are associated with increased risk of cancer and a range of non-cancer diseases in humans. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that measurements of MN could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of different forms of cancer and other diseases (inflammation, infections, metabolic disorders) and for the assessment of the therapeutic success of medical treatments. Recent reviews of the current state of knowledge suggest that many clinical studies have methodological shortcomings. This could lead to controversial findings and limits their usefulness in defining the impact of exposure concentrations of hazardous chemicals, for the judgment of remediation strategies, for the diagnosis of diseases and for the identification of protective or harmful dietary constituents. This article describes important quality criteria for human MN studies and contains recommendations for acceptable study designs. Important parameters that need more attention include sufficiently large group sizes, adequate duration of intervention studies, the exclusion of confounding factors which may affect the results (sex, age, body mass index, nutrition, etc.), the evaluation of appropriate cell numbers per sample according to established scoring criteria as well as the use of proper stains and adequate statistical analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, Australia
| | - H Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) & LaSalle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - C Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mucaki EJ, Shirley BC, Rogan PK. Improved radiation expression profiling in blood by sequential application of sensitive and specific gene signatures. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:924-941. [PMID: 34699300 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1998709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combinations of expressed genes can discriminate radiation-exposed from normal control blood samples by machine learning (ML) based signatures (with 8-20% misclassification rates). These signatures can quantify therapeutically relevant as well as accidental radiation exposures. The prodromal symptoms of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) overlap those present in influenza and dengue fever infections. Surprisingly, these human radiation signatures misclassified gene expression profiles of virally infected samples as false positive exposures. The present study investigates these and other confounders, and then mitigates their impact on signature accuracy. METHODS This study investigated recall by previous and novel radiation signatures independently derived from multiple Gene Expression Omnibus datasets on common and rare non-neoplastic blood disorders and blood-borne infections (thromboembolism, S. aureus bacteremia, malaria, sickle cell disease, polycythemia vera, and aplastic anemia). Normalized expression levels of signature genes are used as input to ML-based classifiers to predict radiation exposure in other hematological conditions. RESULTS Except for aplastic anemia, these blood-borne disorders modify the normal baseline expression values of genes present in radiation signatures, leading to false-positive misclassification of radiation exposures in 8-54% of individuals. Shared changes, predominantly in DNA damage response and apoptosis-related gene transcripts in radiation and confounding hematological conditions, compromise the utility of these signatures for radiation assessment. These confounding conditions (sickle cell disease, thrombosis, S. aureus bacteremia, malaria) induce neutrophil extracellular traps, initiated by chromatin decondensation, DNA damage response and fragmentation followed by programmed cell death or extrusion of DNA fragments. Riboviral infections (e.g. influenza or dengue fever) have been proposed to bind and deplete host RNA binding proteins, inducing R-loops in chromatin. R-loops that collide with incoming replication forks can result in incompletely repaired DNA damage, inducing apoptosis and releasing mature virus. To mitigate the effects of confounders, we evaluated predicted radiation-positive samples with novel gene expression signatures derived from radiation-responsive transcripts encoding secreted blood plasma proteins whose expression levels are unperturbed by these conditions. CONCLUSIONS This approach identifies and eliminates misclassified samples with underlying hematological or infectious conditions, leaving only samples with true radiation exposures. Diagnostic accuracy is significantly improved by selecting genes that maximize both sensitivity and specificity in the appropriate tissue using combinations of the best signatures for each of these classes of signatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliseos J Mucaki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | | | - Peter K Rogan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,CytoGnomix Inc., London, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dedukh D, Krasikova A. Delete and survive: strategies of programmed genetic material elimination in eukaryotes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:195-216. [PMID: 34542224 PMCID: PMC9292451 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome stability is a crucial feature of eukaryotic organisms because its alteration drastically affects the normal development and survival of cells and the organism as a whole. Nevertheless, some organisms can selectively eliminate part of their genomes from certain cell types during specific stages of ontogenesis. This review aims to describe the phenomenon of programmed DNA elimination, which includes chromatin diminution (together with programmed genome rearrangement or DNA rearrangements), B and sex chromosome elimination, paternal genome elimination, parasitically induced genome elimination, and genome elimination in animal and plant hybrids. During programmed DNA elimination, individual chromosomal fragments, whole chromosomes, and even entire parental genomes can be selectively removed. Programmed DNA elimination occurs independently in different organisms, ranging from ciliate protozoa to mammals. Depending on the sequences destined for exclusion, programmed DNA elimination may serve as a radical mechanism of dosage compensation and inactivation of unnecessary or dangerous genetic entities. In hybrids, genome elimination results from competition between parental genomes. Despite the different consequences of DNA elimination, all genetic material destined for elimination must be first recognised, epigenetically marked, separated, and then removed and degraded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Dedukh
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Alla Krasikova
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Beyls E, Baeyens A, Vral A. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay for cryopreserved whole blood. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1252-1260. [PMID: 34138661 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1941378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (MN) assay is a widely used technique in basic radiobiology research, human biomonitoring studies and in vitro radiosensitivity testing. Fresh whole blood cultures are commonly used for these purposes, but immediate processing of fresh samples can be logistically challenging. Therefore, we aimed at establishing a protocol for the MN assay on cryopreserved whole blood, followed by a thorough evaluation of the reliability of this assay for use in radiosensitivity assessment in patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole blood samples of 20 healthy donors and 4 patients with a primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) were collected to compare the results obtained with the MN assay performed on fresh versus cryopreserved whole blood samples. MN yields were scored after irradiation with 220 kV X-rays (dose rate 3 Gy/min), with doses ranging from 0.5-2 Gy. RESULTS The application of the MN assay on cryopreserved blood samples was successful in all analyzed samples. The radiation-induced MN and NDI scores in fresh and cryopreserved blood cultures were found to be similar. Acceptable inter-individual and intra-individual variabilities in MN yields were observed. Repeated analysis of cryopreserved blood cultures originating from the same blood sample, thawed at different time points, revealed that MN values remain stable for cryopreservation periods up to one year. Finally, radiosensitive patients were successfully identified using the MN assay on cryopreserved samples. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this study is the first report of the successful use of cryopreserved whole blood samples for application of the MN assay. The data presented here demonstrate that the MN assay performed on cryopreserved whole blood is reliable for radiosensitivity testing. Our results also support its wider use in epidemiological, biomonitoring and genotoxicity studies. The presented method of cryopreservation of blood samples might also benefit other assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elien Beyls
- Radiobiology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ans Baeyens
- Radiobiology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Vral
- Radiobiology Research Group, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tian XL, Lu X, Cai TJ, Lyu YM, Tian M, Liu QJ. Cytogenetic monitoring of peripheral blood lymphocytes from medical radiation professionals occupationally exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation. Mutat Res 2021; 867:503370. [PMID: 34266630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the health risk of low-dose radiation to radiation professionals, monitoring is performed through chromosomal aberration analysis and micronuclei (MN) analysis. MN formation has drawbacks for monitoring in the low-dose range. Nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) analysis, with a lower background level, has good dose-response relationships at both high and relatively low dose ranges. Dicentric and ring chromosomes were analyzed in 199 medical radiation professionals, and NPB/MN yields were analyzed in 205 radiation professionals. The effects of sex, age of donor, types of work, and length of service on these cytogenetic endpoints were also analyzed. The yields of the three cytogenetic endpoints were significantly higher in radiation professionals versus controls. Frequencies of dicentric plus ring chromosomes were affected by length of service. NPB frequencies were influenced by type of work and length of service. MN yields were affected not only by types of work and length of service but also by donor sex and age. In conclusion, dicentric plus ring chromosomes, NPB, and MN can be induced by low-dose radiation in radiation professionals. NPB is a potential biomarker to assess the health risk of occupational low-dose radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China
| | - Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China
| | - Yu-Min Lyu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zheng Zhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rodrigues MA, Probst CE, Zayats A, Davidson B, Riedel M, Li Y, Venkatachalam V. The in vitro micronucleus assay using imaging flow cytometry and deep learning. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:20. [PMID: 34006858 PMCID: PMC8131758 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay is a well-established assay for quantification of DNA damage, and is required by regulatory bodies worldwide to screen chemicals for genetic toxicity. The MN assay is performed in two variations: scoring MN in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells or directly in unblocked mononucleated cells. Several methods have been developed to score the MN assay, including manual and automated microscopy, and conventional flow cytometry, each with advantages and limitations. Previously, we applied imaging flow cytometry (IFC) using the ImageStream® to develop a rapid and automated MN assay based on high throughput image capture and feature-based image analysis in the IDEAS® software. However, the analysis strategy required rigorous optimization across chemicals and cell lines. To overcome the complexity and rigidity of feature-based image analysis, in this study we used the Amnis® AI software to develop a deep-learning method based on convolutional neural networks to score IFC data in both the cytokinesis-blocked and unblocked versions of the MN assay. We show that the use of the Amnis AI software to score imagery acquired using the ImageStream® compares well to manual microscopy and outperforms IDEAS® feature-based analysis, facilitating full automation of the MN assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Artiom Zayats
- Amnis Flow Cytometry, Luminex Corporation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bryan Davidson
- Amnis Flow Cytometry, Luminex Corporation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Riedel
- Amnis Flow Cytometry, Luminex Corporation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Amnis Flow Cytometry, Luminex Corporation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shokrzadeh M, Zeyar A, Golmohammadi R, Mousavi SH, Mirhosseini SA. Investigation of genetic toxicity and oxidative stress of Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin type D on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Microb Pathog 2021; 156:104820. [PMID: 33932546 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epsilon toxin (Etx) is an enormously potent pore-forming toxin and a category B biological agent. Etx is the main virulence determinant of Clostridiumperfringens types B and D toxin. It has a cytotoxic effect on distal and collecting kidney tubules. Also, Etx crosses the blood-brain barrier, binds to myelin structures, and destroys oligodendrocytes. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of Etx on human blood lymphocytes, which we examined for the first time for the genetic toxicity of this bacterial toxin. In this study, after taking blood and dividing into nine groups and putting in contact with different dilutions of Etx (1,5,10,25,50,100 and 200 μM), methotrexate (750 μM), and normal saline by Cytokinesis blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay, we looked at genetic toxicity and the level of oxidative stress created in the under study lymphocytes. The results of this study showed that Etx has significant oxidative stress effects on human lymphocytes at doses above 25 μM, and also this bacterial toxin significantly increases the number of micronuclei formed in lymphocytes. The results of this study indicate that Etx has toxic effects it is genetic and interferes with cell division processes. Thus, human lymphocytes can be used extensively in future studies on Etx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Zeyar
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Golmohammadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Mousavi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Resident, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang W, Guo C, Wang XL, Lv ZL, Fan L, Yang YY, Li X, Qi J, Zhao SL, Wang XL. Double-endpoint Genotoxicity Quantification and PAHs Characterization of Drinking Water Source alongside Polluted Yinghe River with High Tumor Mortality. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:189-198. [PMID: 33877535 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The etiology for the high tumor mortality in heavy polluted Yinghe river basin is still unclear and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) belong to the priority pollutants in water based on the former surveillance data. In order to explore the potential genotoxicants contributing to the double-endpoint genotoxicity of polluted drinking water source, 12 groundwater and 3 surface water samples were collected from 3 villages and the nearby rivers alongside Yinghe river basin, respectively and their comprehensive genotoxicity was estimated with a bioassay group of SOS/umu test and micronucleus (MN) test (MNT). Some groundwater samples showed positive genotoxicity and all surface water samples were highly genotoxic. Eight groundwater samples showed DNA genotoxic effect with the average 4-NQO equivalent concentration (TEQ(4-NQO)) of 0.067 µg/L and 0.089 µg/L in wet and dry season, respectively. The average MN ratios of groundwater samples were 14.19‰ and 17.52‰ in wet and dry season, respectively. Groundwater samples showed different genotoxic effect among 3 villages. The total PAHs concentrations in all water samples ranged from 8.98 to 25.17 ng/L with an average of 14.97±4.85 ng/L. BaA, CHR, BkF, BaP and DBA were the main carcinogenic PAHs contributing to the genotoxicity of water samples. In conclusion, carcinogenic PAHs are possibly related to the high tumor mortality in the target area. Characterization of carcinogenic PAHs to genotoxicity of drinking water source may shed light on the etiology study for high tumor mortality in Yinghe river basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chen Guo
- China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Zhan-Lu Lv
- China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Lin Fan
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu-Yan Yang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xu Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jing Qi
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shu-Li Zhao
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xian-Liang Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Silva JM, Navoni JA, Amaral VS, Freire EMX. Cytogenetic analysis of nuclear abnormalities in the erythrocytes of gecko lizards (Phyllopezus periosus) collected in a semi-arid region of northeast Brazil: Possible effects of natural background radioactivity. Mutat Res 2021; 865:503346. [PMID: 33865540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High natural-background radioactivity levels occur in the semi-arid region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. We have studied the lizard Phyllopezus periosus, an endemic species of the Brazilian caatinga with saxicolous habitat, as a bioindicator of environmental quality. Specimens were collected in three areas, an environmental protection area and two areas recognized as having high natural background radiation, one of these being a mining area. Level of metals and gamma radiation emitters present in the water sources potentially used by the lizards were measured. The biological endpoints assessed were micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in blood samples. Significant differences in background radioactivity levels were found among the assessed areas. Statistically significant differences in micronuclei and nuclear abnormality frequencies were seen, among the study areas and a relationship between radioactivity level and genetic damage was observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jadna Maria Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio, Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Júlio Alejandro Navoni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio, Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Uso Sustentável de Recursos Naturais do Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, IFRN, Brazil
| | - Viviane Souza Amaral
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio, Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, UFRN, Brazil
| | - Eliza Maria Xavier Freire
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio, Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, UFRN, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Micronuclei as biomarkers of DNA damage, aneuploidy, inducers of chromosomal hypermutation and as sources of pro-inflammatory DNA in humans. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 786:108342. [PMID: 33339572 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MNi) are among the most widely studied biomarkers of DNA damage and chromosomal instability in humans. They originate from chromosome fragments or intact chromosomes that are not included in daughter nuclei during mitosis. The main reasons for their formation are a lack of functional centromere in the chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes or defects in one or more of the proteins of the mitotic system that, consequently, fails to segregate chromosomes properly. Assays have been developed to measure MNi in peripheral blood lymphocytes, red blood cells as well as various types of epithelial cells such as buccal, nasal, urothelial and cervical cells. Some of the assays have been further developed into micronucleus (MN) cytome assays to include additional nuclear anomalies, cell death and nuclear division biomarkers. In addition, the use of molecular probes has been adopted widely for the purpose of understanding the mechanistic origin of MNi. MN assays in humans are used for the purpose of investigating the genotoxic effects of adverse environmental, life-style and occupational factors, genetic susceptibility to DNA damage, and for determining risk of accelerated aging and diseases affected by genomic instability such as developmental defects and cancer. The emerging new knowledge showing that chromosomes trapped in MNi can undergo a high rate of fragmentation and become massively re-arranged have highlighted the possibility that MN formation is not only a biomarker of induced DNA damage but also a mechanism that drives hypermutation. Furthermore, another line of recent research showed that DNA and chromatin leaking from disrupted MNi triggers the innate immune cGAS-STING mechanism that promotes inflammation which can cause a wide-range of age-related diseases if left unresolved. For these reasons, MN assays in humans have become an increasingly important biomarker of disease initiation and progression across all life-stages.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Cytome Assay Evolution into a More Comprehensive Method to Measure Chromosomal Instability. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101203. [PMID: 33076531 PMCID: PMC7602810 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay and its evolution into a molecular cytogenetic method of chromosomal instability (CIN). Micronuclei (MNi) originate from whole chromosomes or chromosome fragments that fail to segregate to the poles of the cell during mitosis. These lagging chromosomes are excluded from the daughter nuclei and are enveloped in their own membrane to form MNi. The CBMN assay was developed to allow MNi to be scored exclusively in once-divided binucleated cells, which enables accurate measurement of chromosome breakage or loss without confounding by non-dividing cells that cannot express MNi. The CBMN assay can be applied to cell lines in vitro and cells such as lymphocytes that can be stimulated to divide ex vivo. In the CBMN assay, other CIN biomarkers such as nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) are also measured. Use of centromere, telomere, and chromosome painting probes provides further insights into the mechanisms through which MNi, NPBs and NBUDs originate. Measurement of MNi is also important because entrapment within a micronucleus may cause chromosomes to shatter and, after nuclear reintegration, become rearranged. Additionally, leakage of DNA from MNi can stimulate inflammation via the cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase—Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) DNA sensing mechanism of the innate immune system.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Wang Q, Lee Y, Shuryak I, Pujol Canadell M, Taveras M, Perrier JR, Bacon BA, Rodrigues MA, Kowalski R, Capaccio C, Brenner DJ, Turner HC. Development of the FAST-DOSE assay system for high-throughput biodosimetry and radiation triage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12716. [PMID: 32728041 PMCID: PMC7392759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a large-scale radiological incident, there is a need for FDA-approved biodosimetry devices and biomarkers with the ability to rapidly determine past radiation exposure with sufficient accuracy for early population triage and medical management. Towards this goal, we have developed FAST-DOSE (Fluorescent Automated Screening Tool for Dosimetry), an immunofluorescent, biomarker-based system designed to reconstruct absorbed radiation dose in peripheral blood samples collected from potentially exposed individuals. The objective of this study was to examine the performance of the FAST-DOSE assay system to quantify intracellular protein changes in blood leukocytes for early biodosimetry triage from humanized NOD-scid-gamma (Hu-NSG) mice and non-human primates (NHPs) exposed to ionizing radiation up to 8 days after radiation exposure. In the Hu-NSG mice studies, the FAST-DOSE biomarker panel was able to generate delivered dose estimates at days 1, 2 and 3 post exposure, whereas in the NHP studies, the biomarker panel was able to successfully classify samples by dose categories below or above 2 Gy up to 8 days after total body exposure. These results suggest that the FAST-DOSE bioassay has large potential as a useful diagnostic tool for rapid and reliable screening of potentially exposed individuals to aid early triage decisions within the first week post-exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Monica Pujol Canadell
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jay R Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- ASELL, LLC, Owings Mills, MD, 21117, USA
| | - Bezalel A Bacon
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cho YH, Kim YJ, Lee S, Joung KI, Chung HW, Kim S, Kim SY. Effects of the DNA repair inhibitors, cytosine arabinoside and 3-aminobenzamide, on the frequency of radiation-induced micronuclei, nuclear buds, and nucleoplasmic bridges. Genes Genomics 2020; 42:673-680. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-00934-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
29
|
Vosoughi H, Azimian H, Khademi S, Rezaei AR, Najafi-Amiri M, Vaziri-Nezamdoost F, Bahreyni-Toossi MT. PHA stimulation may be useful for FDXR gene expression-based biodosimetry. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:449-453. [PMID: 32489559 PMCID: PMC7239428 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.42350.9997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nowadays, ionizing radiation (IR) has a significant contribution to the diagnostic and therapeutic medicine, and following that, health risks to individuals through unexpected exposure is greatly increased. Therefore, biological and molecular technology for estimation of dose (biodosimetry) is taken into consideration. In biodosimetry methods stimulation of cells to proliferation is routine to achieve more sensitivity of techniques. However, this concept has recently been challenged by new molecular methods such as gene expression analysis. This study aims to investigate the stimulation effects on gene expression biodosimetry. MATERIALS AND METHODS The blood samples were taken from15 patients who were irradiated by TC-99 MIBI, before radiopharmaceutical injection and 24 hr after injection. Lymphocytes were extracted immediately and activated by (phytohemagglutinin) PHA for 24 hr and XPA and FDXR expression levels were investigated by employing relative quantitative Real-Time PCR. RESULTS The results of this study show a significant increase in the FDXR expression level and a significant decrease in the XPA after stimulation of irradiated lymphocytes. Interestingly, a significant increasing trend in the FDXR expression level (at 0.05 significance level) following cell stimulation to the division was observed. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the PHA activation role in gene expression-based biodosimetry is strongly depended on the target genes and the relevant protein pathways. Finally, cell stimulation looks to be useful for some specific genes, such as FDXR, due to the increasing trend in expression and improvement of sensitivity of gene expression-based biodosimetry method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Vosoughi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Khademi
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdul-Rahim Rezaei
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Najafi-Amiri
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bonassi S, Fenech M. Micronuclei and Their Association with Infertility, Pregnancy Complications, Developmental Defects, Anaemias, Inflammation, Diabetes, Chronic Kidney Disease, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cancer. THE MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/9781788013604-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN) are a strong cytogenetic indicator of a catastrophic change in the genetic structure and stability of a cell because they originate from either chromosome breaks or whole chromosomes that have been lost from the main nucleus during cell division. The resulting genetic abnormalities can to lead to cellular malfunction, altered gene expression and impaired regenerative capacity. Furthermore, MN are increased as a consequence of genetic defects in DNA repair, deficiency in micronutrients required for DNA replication and repair and exposure to genotoxic chemicals and ultraviolet or ionising radiation. For all of these reasons, the measurement of MN has become one of the best-established methods to measure DNA damage in humans at the cytogenetic level. This chapter is a narrative review of the current evidence for the association of increased MN frequency with developmental and degenerative diseases. In addition, important knowledge gaps are identified, and recommendations for future studies required to consolidate the evidence are provided. The great majority of published studies show a significant association of increased MN in lymphocytes and/or buccal cells with infertility, pregnancy complications, developmental defects, anaemias, inflammation, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. However, the strongest evidence is from prospective studies showing that MN frequency in lymphocytes predicts cancer risk and cardiovascular disease mortality.
Collapse
|
31
|
Harutyunyan T, Hovhannisyan G, Sargsyan A, Grigoryan B, Al-Rikabi AH, Weise A, Liehr T, Aroutiounian R. Analysis of copy number variations induced by ultrashort electron beam radiation in human leukocytes in vitro. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:18. [PMID: 31131024 PMCID: PMC6524226 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental risk factors have been shown to alter DNA copy number variations (CNVs). Recently, CNVs have been described to arise after low-dose ionizing radiation in vitro and in vivo. Development of cost- and size-effective laser-driven electron accelerators (LDEAs), capable to deliver high energy beams in pico- or femtosecond durations requires examination of their biological effects. Here we studied in vitro impact of LDEAs radiation on known CNV hotspots in human peripheral blood lymphocytes on single cell level. RESULTS Here CNVs in chromosomal regions 1p31.1, 7q11.22, 9q21.3, 10q21.1 and 16q23.1 earlier reported to be sensitive to ionizing radiation were analyzed using molecular cytogenetics. Irradiation of cells with 0.5, 1.5 and 3.0 Gy significantly increased signal intensities in all analyzed chromosomal regions compared to controls. The latter is suggested to be due to radiation-induced duplication or amplification of CNV stretches. As significantly lower gains in mean fluorescence intensities were observed only for chromosomal locus 1p31.1 (after irradiation with 3.0 Gy variant sensitivites of different loci to LDEA is suggested. Negative correlation was found between fluorescence intensities and chromosome size (r = - 0.783, p < 0.001) in cells exposed to 3.0 Gy irradiation and between fluorescence intensities and gene density (r = - 0.475, p < 0.05) in cells exposed to 0.5 Gy irradiation. CONCLUSIONS In this study we demonstrated that irradiation with laser-driven electron bunches can induce molecular-cytogenetically visible CNVs in human blood leukocytes in vitro. These CNVs occur most likely due to duplications or amplification and tend to inversely correlate with chromosome size and gene density. CNVs can last in cell population as stable chromosomal changes for several days after radiation exposure; therefore this endpoint can be used for characterization of genetic effects of accelerated electrons. These findings should be complemented with other studies and implementation of more sophisticated approaches for CNVs analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tigran Harutyunyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Galina Hovhannisyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anzhela Sargsyan
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Bagrat Grigoryan
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Acharyan 31, 0040 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Ahmed H. Al-Rikabi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Weise
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, D-07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Saquib Q, Faisal M, Ansari SM, Wahab R. Phorate triggers oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to enhance micronuclei generation and DNA damage in human lymphocytes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:1411-1417. [PMID: 31762602 PMCID: PMC6864401 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we studied phorate for its toxicological effects in human lymphocytes. Phorate treatment for 3 h has induced significant increase in the lymphocytic DNA damage. Compared to control, comet data from highest concentration of phorate (1000 µM) showed 8.03-fold increase in the Olive tail moment (OTM). Cytokinesis blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay revealed 6.4-fold increase in binucleated micronucleated (BNMN) cells following the exposure with phorate (200 µM) for 24 h. The nuclear division index (NDI) in phorate (200 µM) treated cells reduced to 1.8 vis-à-vis control cells showed NDI of 1.94. Comparative to untreated control, 60.43% greater DCF fluorescence was quantitated in lymphocytes treated with phorate (500 µM), affirming reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative stress. Flow cytometric data of phorate (200 µM) treated lymphocytes showed 81.77% decline in the fluorescence of rhodamine 123 (Rh123) dye, confirming the perturbation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) treated with phorate (1000 µM) exhibited 2.3-fold higher 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) DNA adduct formation, signified the oxidative DNA damage. The alkaline unwinding assay revealed 4.0 and 6.5 ct-DNA strand breaks when treated to phorate and phorate-Cu (II) complex. Overall, the data unequivocally suggests the cyto- and genotoxic potential of phorate in human lymphocytes, which may induce comparable toxicological consequences in persons occupationally or non-occupationally exposed to insecticide phorate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha Mahmood Ansari
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rizwan Wahab
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Q, Rodrigues MA, Repin M, Pampou S, Beaton-Green LA, Perrier J, Garty G, Brenner DJ, Turner HC, Wilkins RC. Automated Triage Radiation Biodosimetry: Integrating Imaging Flow Cytometry with High-Throughput Robotics to Perform the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay. Radiat Res 2019; 191:342-351. [PMID: 30779694 DOI: 10.1667/rr15243.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay has become a fully-validated and standardized method for radiation biodosimetry. The assay is typically performed using microscopy, which is labor intensive, time consuming and impractical after a large-scale radiological/nuclear event. Imaging flow cytometry (IFC), which combines the statistical power of traditional flow cytometry with the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy, has been recently used to perform the CBMN assay. Since this technology is capable of automated sample acquisition and multi-file analysis, we have integrated IFC into our Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Technology (RABiT-II). Assay development and optimization studies were designed to increase the yield of binucleated cells (BNCs), and improve data acquisition and analysis templates to increase the speed and accuracy of image analysis. Human peripheral blood samples were exposed ex vivo with up to 4 Gy of c rays at a dose rate of 0.73 Gy/min. After irradiation, samples were transferred to microtubes (total volume of 1 ml including blood and media) and organized into a standard 8 × 12 plate format. Sample processing methods were modified by increasing the blood-to-media ratio, adding hypotonic solution prior to cell fixation and optimizing nuclear DRAQ5 staining, leading to an increase of 81% in BNC yield. Modification of the imaging processing algorithms within IFC software also improved BNC and MN identification, and reduced the average time of image analysis by 78%. Finally, 50 ll of irradiated whole blood was cultured with 200 ll of media in 96-well plates. All sample processing steps were performed automatically using the RABiT-II cell: :explorer robotic system adopting the optimized IFC-CBMN assay protocol. The results presented here detail a novel, high-throughput RABiT-IFC CBMN assay that possesses the potential to increase capacity for triage biodosimetry during a large-scale radiological/nuclear event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | | | - Mikhail Repin
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Sergey Pampou
- b Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening Facility, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- d Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Jay Perrier
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Guy Garty
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - David J Brenner
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Helen C Turner
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- d Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim SY, Mun EC, Chung JW, Ha M, Ahn SM, Han MD, Han SH, Yun SC, Kim JH, Kim KO, Kim YJ, Kwon KA, Park DK. Increased genomic damage and vitamin B status in inflammatory bowel disease patients: A case-control, prospective, pilot study. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 837:42-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
35
|
Guo X, Ni J, Liang Z, Xue J, Fenech MF, Wang X. The molecular origins and pathophysiological consequences of micronuclei: New insights into an age-old problem. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 779:1-35. [PMID: 31097147 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Micronuclei (MN), the small nucleus-like bodies separated from the primary nucleus, can exist in cells with numerical and/or structural chromosomal aberrations in apparently normal tissues and more so in tumors in humans. While MN have been observed for over 100 years, they were merely and constantly considered as passive indicators of chromosome instability (CIN) for a long time. Relatively little is known about the molecular origins and biological consequences of MN. Rapid technological advances are helping to close these gaps. Very recent studies provide exciting evidence that MN act as key platform for chromothripsis and a trigger of innate immune response, suggesting that MN could affect cellular functions by both genetic and nongenetic means. These previously unappreciated findings have reawakened widespread interests in MN. In this review, the diverse mechanisms leading to MN generation and the complex fate profiles of MN are discussed, together with the evidence for their contribution to CIN, inflammation, senescence and cell death. Moreover, we put this knowledge together into a speculative perspective on how MN may be responsible for cancer development and how their presence may influence the choice of treatment. We suggest that the heterogeneous responses to MN may function physiological to ensure the arrestment, elimination and immune clearance of damaged cells, but pathologically, may enable the survival and oncogenic transformation of cells bearing CIN. These insights not only underscore the complexity of MN biology, but also raise a host of new questions and provide fertile ground for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Ziqing Liang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Michael F Fenech
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, 5048, Australia.
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gerić M, Popić J, Gajski G, Garaj-Vrhovac V. Cytogenetic status of interventional radiology unit workers occupationally exposed to low-dose ionising radiation: A pilot study. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 843:46-51. [PMID: 31421738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interventional radiology unit workers represent one of the occupationally most exposed populations to low-dose ionizing radiation. Since there are many uncertainties in research of doses below 100 mSv, this study attempted to evaluate DNA damage levels in chronically exposed personnel. The study group consisted of 24 subjects matched with a control population by the number of participants, age, gender ratio, active smoking status, the period of blood sampling, and residence. Based on regular dosimetry using thermoluminiscent dosimeters, our study group occupationally received a dose of 1.82 ± 3.60 mSv over the last year. The results of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and the comet assay showed a higher nuclear buds frequency (4.09 ± 1.88) and tail length (15.46 ± 1.47 μm) than in the control group (2.96 ± 1.67, 14.05 ± 1.36 μm, respectively). Differences in other descriptors from both tests did not reach statistical significance. Further investigations are needed to develop algorithms for improving personal dosimetry and those that would engage larger biomonitoring study groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Popić
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Clinical Hospital Merkur, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rodrigues MA. Automation of the in vitro micronucleus assay using the Imagestream ® imaging flow cytometer. Cytometry A 2018; 93:706-726. [PMID: 30118149 PMCID: PMC6174940 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay is a well‐established test for evaluating genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The use of manual microscopy to perform the assay can be laborious and often suffers from user subjectivity and interscorer variability. Automated methods including slide‐scanning microscopy and conventional flow cytometry have been developed to eliminate scorer bias and improve throughput. However, these methods possess several limitations such as lack of cytoplasmic visualization using slide‐scanning microscopy and the inability to visually confirm the legitimacy of MN or storage of image data for re‐evaluation using flow cytometry. The ImageStreamX® MK II (ISX) imaging flow cytometer has been demonstrated to overcome all of these limitations. The ISX combines the speed, statistical robustness, and rare event capture capability of conventional flow cytometry with high resolution fluorescent imagery of microscopy and possesses the ability to store all collected image data. This paper details the methodology developed to perform the in vitro MN assay in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells on the ISX. High resolution images of micronucleated mono‐ and bi‐nucleated cells as well as polynucleated cells can be acquired at a high rate of capture. All images can then be automatically identified, categorized and enumerated in the data analysis software that accompanies the ImageStream, allowing for the scoring of both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The results demonstrate that statistically significant increases in MN frequency when compared with solvent controls can be detected at varying levels of cytotoxicity following exposure to well‐known aneugens and clastogens. This work demonstrates a fully automated method for performing the in vitro micronucleus assay on the ISX imaging flow cytometry platform. © 2018 The Author. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
Collapse
|
38
|
Tian XL, Lu X, Feng JB, Cai TJ, Li S, Tian M, Liu QJ. Alterations in histone acetylation following exposure to 60Co γ-rays and their relationship with chromosome damage in human lymphoblastoid cells. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2018; 57:215-222. [PMID: 29774413 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-018-0742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome damage is related to DNA damage and erroneous repair. It can cause cell dysfunction and ultimately induce carcinogenesis. Histone acetylation is crucial for regulating chromatin structure and DNA damage repair. Ionizing radiation (IR) can alter histone acetylation. However, variations in histone acetylation in response to IR exposure and the relationship between histone acetylation and IR-induced chromosome damage remains unclear. Hence, this study investigated the variation in the total acetylation levels of H3 and H4 in human lymphocytes exposed to 0-2 Gy 60Co γ-rays. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, was added to modify the histone acetylation state of irradiated cells. Then, the total acetylation level, enzyme activity, dicentric plus centric rings (dic + r) frequencies, and micronucleus (MN) frequencies of the treated cells were analyzed. Results indicated that the acetylation levels of H3 and H4 significantly decreased at 1 and 24 h, respectively, after radiation exposure. The acetylation levels of H3 and H4 in irradiated groups treated with SAHA were significantly higher than those in irradiated groups that were not treated with SAHA. SAHA treatment inhibited HDAC activity in cells exposed to 0-1 Gy 60Co γ-rays. SAHA treatment significantly decreased dic + r/cell and MN/cell in cells exposed to 0.5 or 1.0 Gy 60Co γ-rays relative to that in cells that did not receive SAHA treatment. In conclusion, histone acetylation is significantly affected by IR and is involved in chromosome damage induced by 60Co γ-radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Bin Feng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sinitsky MY, Minina VI, Asanov MA, Yuzhalin AE, Ponasenko AV, Druzhinin VG. Association of DNA repair gene polymorphisms with genotoxic stress in underground coal miners. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:501-509. [PMID: 28992182 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In underground coal mining, numerous harmful substances and ionising radiation pose a major threat to the occupational safety and health of workers. Because cell DNA repair machinery eliminates genotoxic stress conferred by these agents, we examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in hOGG1 (rs1052133), XRCC1 (rs25487), ADPRT (rs1136410), XRCC4 (rs6869366) and LIG4 (rs1805388) genes modulate the genotoxic damage assessed by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in lymphocytes from 143 underground coal miners and 127 healthy non-exposed males. We also analyzed models of gene-gene interactions associated with increased cytogenetic damage in coal miners and determined 'protective' and 'risk' combinations of alleles. We showed that miners with the G/G genotype of the hOGG1 (rs1052133) gene had a significantly increased frequency of binucleated lymphocytes with micronuclei (13.17‰, 95% CI = 10.78-15.56) compared to the C/C genotype carriers (10.35‰, 95% CI = 9.59-11.18). In addition, in the exposed group this indicator was significantly increased in carriers of the T/T genotype of the LIG4 (rs1805388) gene compared to miners harbouring the C/T genotype (13.00‰, 95% CI = 10.96-15.04 and 9.69‰, 95% CI = 8.32-11.06, respectively). Using the multifactor dimensionality reduction method, we found the three-locus model of gene-gene interactions hOGG1 (rs1052133) × ADPRT (rs1136410) × XRCC4 (rs6869366) associated with high genotoxic risk in coal miners. These results indicate that the studied polymorphisms and their combinations are associated with cytogenetic status in miners and may be used as molecular predictors of occupational risks in underground coal mines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Yu Sinitsky
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sosnovy Boulevard 6, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia.,Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Leningradsky Avenue 10, 650065 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Varvara I Minina
- Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Leningradsky Avenue 10, 650065 Kemerovo, Russia.,Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Maxim A Asanov
- Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Leningradsky Avenue 10, 650065 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anastasia V Ponasenko
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sosnovy Boulevard 6, 650002 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Druzhinin
- Federal Research Center of Coal and Coal Chemistry, Leningradsky Avenue 10, 650065 Kemerovo, Russia.,Department of Genetics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Suresh Kumar MA, Laiakis EC, Ghandhi SA, Morton SR, Fornace AJ, Amundson SA. Gene Expression in Parp1 Deficient Mice Exposed to a Median Lethal Dose of Gamma Rays. Radiat Res 2018; 190:53-62. [PMID: 29746213 DOI: 10.1667/rr14990.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a current interest in the development of biodosimetric methods for rapidly assessing radiation exposure in the wake of a large-scale radiological event. This work was initially focused on determining the exposure dose to an individual using biological indicators. Gene expression signatures show promise for biodosimetric application, but little is known about how these signatures might translate for the assessment of radiological injury in radiosensitive individuals, who comprise a significant proportion of the general population, and who would likely require treatment after exposure to lower doses. Using Parp1-/- mice as a model radiation-sensitive genotype, we have investigated the effect of this DNA repair deficiency on the gene expression response to radiation. Although Parp1 is known to play general roles in regulating transcription, the pattern of gene expression changes observed in Parp1-/- mice 24 h postirradiation to a LD50/30 was remarkably similar to that in wild-type mice after exposure to LD50/30. Similar levels of activation of both the p53 and NFκB radiation response pathways were indicated in both strains. In contrast, exposure of wild-type mice to a sublethal dose that was equal to the Parp1-/- LD50/30 resulted in a lower magnitude gene expression response. Thus, Parp1-/- mice displayed a heightened gene expression response to radiation, which was more similar to the wild-type response to an equitoxic dose than to an equal absorbed dose. Gene expression classifiers trained on the wild-type data correctly identified all wild-type samples as unexposed, exposed to a sublethal dose or exposed to an LD50/30. All unexposed samples from Parp1-/- mice were also correctly classified with the same gene set, and 80% of irradiated Parp1-/- samples were identified as exposed to an LD50/30. The results of this study suggest that, at least for some pathways that may influence radiosensitivity in humans, specific gene expression signatures have the potential to accurately detect the extent of radiological injury, rather than serving only as a surrogate of physical radiation dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Suresh Kumar
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Shanaz A Ghandhi
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Shad R Morton
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Albert J Fornace
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Sally A Amundson
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rodrigues MA, Beaton-Green LA, Wilkins RC, Fenech MF. The potential for complete automated scoring of the cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay using imaging flow cytometry. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:53-64. [PMID: 30389163 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay was originally developed for the measurement of micronuclei (MN) exclusively in binucleated (BN) cells, which represent the population of cells that can express MN because they completed nuclear division. Recently the assay has evolved into a comprehensive cytome method to include biomarkers that measure chromosomal instability and cytotoxicity by quantification of nuclear buds (NBUDs), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and apoptotic/necrotic cells. Furthermore, enumeration of mono- and polynucleated cells allows for computation of the nuclear division index (NDI) to assess mitotic activity. Typically performed by manual microscopy, the CBMN cytome assay is laborious and subject to scorer bias and fatigue, leading to inter- and intra-scorer variability. Automated microscopy and conventional flow cytometry methods have been developed to automate scoring of the traditional and cytome versions of the assay. However, these methods have several limitations including the requirement to create high-quality microscope slides, lack of staining consistency and sub-optimal nuclear/cytoplasmic visualization. In the case of flow cytometry, stripping of the cytoplasmic membrane makes it impossible to measure MN in BN cells, calculate the NDI or to quantify apoptotic or necrotic cells. Moreover, the absence of cellular visualization using conventional flow cytometry, makes it impossible to quantify NBUDs and NPBs. In this review, we propose that imaging flow cytometry (IFC), which combines high resolution microscopy with flow cytometry, may overcome these limitations. We demonstrate that by using IFC, images from cells in suspension can be captured, removing the need for microscope slides and allowing visualization of intact cytoplasmic membranes and DNA content. Thus, mono-, bi- and polynucleated cells with and without MN can be rapidly and automatically identified and quantified. Finally, we present high-resolution cell images containing NBUDs and NPBs, illustrating that IFC possesses the potential for completely automated scoring of all components of the CBMN cytome assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 1C1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ainsbury EA, Samaga D, Della Monaca S, Marrale M, Bassinet C, Burbidge CI, Correcher V, Discher M, Eakins J, Fattibene P, Güçlü I, Higueras M, Lund E, Maltar-Strmecki N, McKeever S, Rääf CL, Sholom S, Veronese I, Wieser A, Woda C, Trompier F. UNCERTAINTY ON RADIATION DOSES ESTIMATED BY BIOLOGICAL AND RETROSPECTIVE PHYSICAL METHODS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2018; 178:382-404. [PMID: 28981844 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncx125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biological and physical retrospective dosimetry are recognised as key techniques to provide individual estimates of dose following unplanned exposures to ionising radiation. Whilst there has been a relatively large amount of recent development in the biological and physical procedures, development of statistical analysis techniques has failed to keep pace. The aim of this paper is to review the current state of the art in uncertainty analysis techniques across the 'EURADOS Working Group 10-Retrospective dosimetry' members, to give concrete examples of implementation of the techniques recommended in the international standards, and to further promote the use of Monte Carlo techniques to support characterisation of uncertainties. It is concluded that sufficient techniques are available and in use by most laboratories for acute, whole body exposures to highly penetrating radiation, but further work will be required to ensure that statistical analysis is always wholly sufficient for the more complex exposure scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Daniel Samaga
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Sara Della Monaca
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marrale
- Department of Physics and Chemistry and Advanced Technologies Network Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Edificio 18, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Celine Bassinet
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, BP 17 - 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex 31, Avenue de la Division Leclerc 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France
| | - Christopher I Burbidge
- Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiological Protection, 3 Clonskeagh Square, Clonskeagh Road, Dublin 14, Ireland
| | - Virgilio Correcher
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Centro de la Moncloa, Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Discher
- University of Salzburg, Department of Geography and Geology, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jon Eakins
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxford OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Paola Fattibene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Inci Güçlü
- Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Mustafa Kemal Mahallesi, Dumlupinar Bulvari, No: 192, 06510, Çankaya - Ankara, Turkey
| | - Manuel Higueras
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, Alameda de Mazarredo 14, E-48009 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Eva Lund
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nadica Maltar-Strmecki
- Ruder Boškovic Institute, Division of Physical Chemistry, Laboratory for Magnetic Resonances, Bijenicka cesta 54,10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stephen McKeever
- Oklahoma State University, 145 Physical Sciences, Campus, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Christopher L Rääf
- Medicinsk strålningsfysik, Institutionen för Translationell Medicin, Lunds universitet, Skånes universitetssjukhus SUS, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sergey Sholom
- Oklahoma State University, 145 Physical Sciences, Campus, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Ivan Veronese
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Section of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133 - Milano, Italy
| | - Albrecht Wieser
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Woda
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Institute of Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Francois Trompier
- Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire, BP 17 - 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex 31, Avenue de la Division Leclerc 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Whole thorax irradiation of non-human primates induces persistent nuclear damage and gene expression changes in peripheral blood cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191402. [PMID: 29351567 PMCID: PMC5774773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the cytogenetic and gene expression responses of peripheral blood cells of non-human primates (NHP, Macaca mulatta) that were whole-thorax irradiated with a single dose of 10 Gy. In this model, partial irradiation of NHPs in the thoracic region (Whole Thorax Lung Irradiation, WTLI) allows the study of late radiation-induced lung injury, while avoiding acute radiation syndromes related to hematopoietic and gastrointestinal injury. A transient drop in circulating lymphocytes and platelets was seen by 9 days, followed by elevations in respiratory rate, circulating neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes at 60-100 days, corresponding to computed tomography (CT) and histologic evidence of pneumonitis, and elective euthanasia of four animals. To evaluate long-term DNA damage in NHP peripheral blood lymphocytes after 10 Gy WTLI, we used the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay to measure chromosomal aberrations as post-mitotic micronuclei in blood samples collected up to 8 months after irradiation. Regression analysis showed significant induction of micronuclei in NHP blood cells that persisted with a gradual decline over the 8-month study period, suggesting long-term DNA damage in blood lymphocytes after WTLI. We also report transcriptomic changes in blood up to 30 days after WTLI. We isolated total RNA from peripheral blood at 3 days before and then at 2, 5 and 30 days after irradiation. We identified 1187 transcripts that were significantly changed across the 30-day time course. From changes in gene expression, we identified biological processes related to immune responses, which persisted across the 30-day study. Response to oxygen-containing compounds and bacteria were implicated by gene-expression changes at the earliest day 2 and latest, day 30 time-points. Gene expression changes suggest a persistent altered state of the immune system, specifically response to infection, for at least a month after WTLI.
Collapse
|
44
|
Nguyen MH, Pham ND, Dong B, Nguyen THN, Bui CB, Hadinoto K. Radioprotective activity of curcumin-encapsulated liposomes against genotoxicity caused by Gamma Cobalt-60 irradiation in human blood cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1267-1273. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1380329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Hiep Nguyen
- Radiation Technology Center, Nuclear Research Institute, Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Duy Pham
- Biotechnology Center, Nuclear Research Institute, Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - Bingxue Dong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Chi-Bao Bui
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hochiminh City, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
| | - Kunn Hadinoto
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Turkez H, Arslan ME, Ozdemir O. Genotoxicity testing: progress and prospects for the next decade. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2017; 13:1089-1098. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2017.1375097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, University ‘G. d’Annunzio’, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mehmet E. Arslan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bahreyni Toossi MT, Azimian H, Sarrafzadeh O, Mohebbi S, Soleymanifard S. Automatic detection of micronuclei by cell microscopic image processing. Mutat Res 2017; 806:9-18. [PMID: 28934716 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With the development and applications of ionizing radiation in medicine, the radiation effects on human health get more and more attention. Ionizing radiation can lead to various forms of cytogenetic damage, including increased frequencies of micronuclei (MNi) and chromosome abnormalities. The cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is widely used method for measuring MNi to determine chromosome mutations or genome instability in cultured human lymphocytes. The visual scoring of MNi is time-consuming and scorer fatigue can lead to inconsistency. In this work, we designed software for the scoring of in vitro CBMN assay for biomonitoring on Giemsa-stained slides that overcome many previous limitations. Automatic scoring proceeds in four stages as follows. First, overall segmentation of nuclei is done. Then, binucleated (BN) cells are detected. Next, the entire cell is estimated for each BN as it is assumed that there is no detectable cytoplasm. Finally, MNi are detected within each BN cell. The designed Software is even able to detect BN cells with vague cytoplasm and MNi in peripheral blood smear. Our system is tested on a self-provided dataset and is achieved high sensitivities of about 98% and 82% in recognizing BN cells and MNi, respectively. Moreover, in our study less than 1% false positives were observed that makes our system reliable for practical MNi scoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hosein Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Sarrafzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Shokoufeh Mohebbi
- Medical Physics Department, Reza Radiation Oncology Center, Mashhad, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shakeri M, Zakeri F, Changizi V, Rajabpour MR, Farshidpour MR. A cytogenetic biomonitoring of industrial radiographers occupationally exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation by using cbmn assay. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2017; 175:246-251. [PMID: 27881793 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Industrial radiography is the process of using either gamma-emitting radionuclide sources or X-ray machines to examine the safety of industrial materials. The average annual effective dose in industrial radiography is one of the highest among radiation workers. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytogenetic effects of ionizing radiation in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 60 industrial radiographers and 40 non-exposed individuals as the control group by using cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. Totally, the frequencies of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and nuclear buds (NBUDs) were significantly higher in the industrial radiographers than in the controls (p = 0.000). The mean MN frequency per 1000 binucleated cells in the industrial radiographers with last 5-y radiation dose of >100 mSv was significantly higher than those with ≤100 mSv (34.81 ± 12.7‰ vs. 26.33 ± 7.94‰, p = 0.024). The effect of age was observed in the control group and subjects with the age of >30 y showed significantly higher MN frequency compared with the subjects with the age of ≤30 y (9.45 ± 3.71‰ vs. 6.81 ± 3.05‰, p = 0.02). No obvious trend of increased MN as a function of either duration of employment or age or smoking status was observed in the industrial radiographers. The results show the increased levels of cytogenetic damages in the industrial radiographers. Even the workers exposed to the permissible doses are subjected to elevated frequencies of DNA damages. These findings confirm the importance of cytogenetic biomonitoring program beside physical dosimetry, surveying radiation safety of equipment and periodic training of workers for improvement of safety and radiation protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Shakeri
- Department of Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy, Allied Medical Sciences School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Zakeri
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
- Iran Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Changizi
- Department of Technology of Radiology and Radiotherapy, Allied Medical Sciences School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dass Singh M, Thomas P, Hor M, Almond T, Owens J, Hague W, Fenech M. Infant birth outcomes are associated with DNA damage biomarkers as measured by the cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay: the DADHI study. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:355-370. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
49
|
Dhillon VS, Zabaras D, Almond T, Cavuoto P, James-Martin G, Fenech M. Whey protein isolate improves vitamin B12and folate status in elderly Australians with subclinical deficiency of vitamin B12. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S. Dhillon
- Genome Health Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Dimitrios Zabaras
- Genome Health Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Theodora Almond
- Genome Health Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Paul Cavuoto
- Genome Health Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Genevieve James-Martin
- Genome Health Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rodrigues MA, Probst CE, Beaton-Green LA, Wilkins RC. THE EFFECT OF AN OPTIMIZED IMAGING FLOW CYTOMETRY ANALYSIS TEMPLATE ON SAMPLE THROUGHPUT IN THE REDUCED CULTURE CYTOKINESIS-BLOCK MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:223-229. [PMID: 27421474 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In cases of overexposure to ionizing radiation, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay can be performed in order to estimate the dose of radiation to an exposed individual. However, in the event of a large-scale radiation accident with many potentially exposed casualties, the assay must be able to generate accurate dose estimates to within ±0.5 Gy as quickly as possible. The assay has been adapted to, validated and optimized on the ImageStreamX imaging flow cytometer. The ease of running this automated version of the CBMN assay allowed investigation into the accuracy of dose estimates after reducing the volume of whole blood cultured to 200 µl and reducing the culture time to 48 h. The data analysis template used to identify binucleated lymphocyte cells (BNCs) and micronuclei (MN) has since been optimized to improve the sensitivity and specificity of BNC and MN detection. This paper presents a re-analysis of existing data using this optimized analysis template to demonstrate that dose estimations from blinded samples can be obtained to the same level of accuracy in a shorter data collection time. Here, we show that dose estimates from blinded samples were obtained to within ±0.5 Gy of the delivered dose when data collection time was reduced by 30 min at standard culture conditions and by 15 min at reduced culture conditions. Reducing data collection time while retaining the same level of accuracy in our imaging flow cytometry-based version of the CBMN assay results in higher throughput and further increases the relevancy of the CBMN assay as a radiation biodosimeter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Rodrigues
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - C E Probst
- Amnis, a part of MilliporeSigma, 645 Elliott Avenue West, Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - L A Beaton-Green
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - R C Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|