1
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Kim JR, Kim SY, Kang H, Kim DI, Yoo HJ, Han SM, Lu P, Moon GD, Hyun DC. Contact Lens with pH Sensitivity for On-Demand Drug Release in Wearing Situation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5372-5384. [PMID: 37967413 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug-releasing contact lenses are emerging therapeutic systems for treating ocular diseases. However, their applicability is limited by the burst release of drugs during lens wear and premature drug leakage during packaging, rendering the precise control of release duration or dose difficult. Here, we introduce a pH-sensitive contact lens exhibiting on-demand drug release only during lens wear and negligible premature drug leakage during packaging and transportation, which is accomplished by incorporating drug-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) coated with a pH-sensitive polymer into the contact lens. The compositionally optimized pH-sensitive polymer has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at >45 °C at pH 7.4, whereas its LCST decreases to <35 °C under acidic conditions (pH ∼ 6.5). Consequently, the MSN-incorporated contact lens sustainably releases the loaded drugs only in the acidic state at 35 °C, which corresponds to lens-wear conditions, through the MSN pores that open because of the shrinkage of polymer chains. Conversely, negligible drug leakage is observed from the contact lens under low-temperature or neutral-pH conditions corresponding to packaging and transportation. Furthermore, compared with the plain contact lens, the pH-sensitive contact lens exhibits good biocompatibility and unchanged bulk characteristics, such as optical (transmittance in the visible-light region), mechanical (elastic modulus and tensile strength), and physical (surface roughness, oxygen permeability, and water content) properties. These findings suggest that the pH-sensitive contact lens can be potentially applied in ocular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ryeol Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Nano-Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Nano-Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Hosu Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Nano-Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Da In Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Nano-Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Nano-Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Sung Mi Han
- Optical Convergence Technology Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk 38430, Korea
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Geon Dae Moon
- Dongnam Regional Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan 46938, Korea
| | - Dong Choon Hyun
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Polymeric Nano-Materials Laboratory, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
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Kudryavtseva V, Otero M, Zhang J, Bukatin A, Gould D, Sukhorukov GB. Drug-Eluting Sandwich Hydrogel Lenses Based on Microchamber Film Drug Encapsulation. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:256-265. [PMID: 37360846 PMCID: PMC10288497 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroids are widely used as an anti-inflammatory treatment for eye inflammation, but the current methods used in clinical practice for delivery are in the form of eye drops which is usually complicated for patients or ineffective. This results in an increase in the risk of detrimental side effects. In this study, we demonstrated proof-of-concept research for the development of a contact lens-based delivery system. The sandwich hydrogel contact lens consists of a polymer microchamber film made via soft lithography with an encapsulated corticosteroid, in this case, dexamethasone, located inside the contact lens. The developed delivery system showed sustained and controlled release of the drug. The central visual part of the lenses was cleared from the polylactic acid microchamber in order to maintain a clean central aperture similar to the cosmetic-colored hydrogel contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Kudryavtseva
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- National
Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russian
Federation
| | - Mariana Otero
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Biochemical
Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K.
| | - Anton Bukatin
- Alferov
Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian
Academy of Sciences, 8/3A Khlopina str., Saint Petersburg 194021, Russian
Federation
- Institute
for Analytical Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31-33 A, Ivana Chernykh str., Saint Petersburg 198095, Russia
| | - David Gould
- Biochemical
Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K.
| | - Gleb B. Sukhorukov
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- Skolkovo
Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow 121205, Russian
Federation
- Siberian
State Medical University, Moskovskiy Trakt, 2, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
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3
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Management of Sjogren's Dry Eye Disease-Advances in Ocular Drug Delivery Offering a New Hope. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010147. [PMID: 36678777 PMCID: PMC9861012 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic and insidious autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands. Patients typically present with dry eye, dry mouth, and other systemic manifestations. Currently, the available molecules and drug-delivery systems for the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE) have limited efficacy since they are not specific to SSDE but to dry eye disease (DED) in general. The current treatment modalities are based on a trial-and-error approach using primarily topical agents. However, this approach gives time for the vicious cycle of DED to develop which eventually causes permanent damage to the lacrimal functional unit. Thus, there is a need for more individualized, specific, and effective treatment modalities for SSDE. The purpose of this article is to describe the current conventional SSDE treatment modalities and to expose new advances in ocular drug delivery for treating SSDE. A literature review of the pre-clinical and clinical studies published between 2016 and 2022 was conducted. Our current understanding of SSDE pathophysiology combined with advances in ocular drug delivery and novel therapeutics will allow the translation of innovative molecular therapeutics from the bench to the bedside.
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4
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Navarro-Gil FJ, Huete-Toral F, Domínguez-Godínez CO, Carracedo G, Crooke A. Contact Lenses Loaded with Melatonin Analogs: A Promising Therapeutic Tool against Dry Eye Disease. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123483. [PMID: 35743553 PMCID: PMC9225312 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin analogs topically administered evoke a potent tear secretagogue effect in rabbits. This route of drug administration requires high drug concentration and frequent dosing due to its reduced ocular surface retention. Therefore, contact lenses (CLs) have emerged as an alternative drug-delivery system that prolongs drug retention in the cornea, improving its therapeutic performance. This study explores the in vitro ability of five commercially available hydrogel CLs to act as a delivery system for melatonin analogs and the in vivo secretagogue effect of melatonin analog-loaded CLs. We soaked CLs with melatonin or melatonin analog solutions (1 mM) for 12 h. Spectroscopic assays showed that IIK7-loaded CLs led to the inadequate delivery of this compound. Conventional hydrogel lenses loaded with agomelatine released more agomelatine than silicone ones (16–33% more). In contrast, the CLs of silicone materials are more effective as a delivery system of 5-MCA-NAT than CLs of conventional materials (24–29%). The adaptation of CLs loaded with agomelatine or 5-MCA-NAT in rabbits triggered a higher tear secretion than the corresponding eye drops (78% and 59% more, respectively). These data suggest that CLs preloaded with melatonin analogs could be an adequate strategy to combat aqueous tear deficient dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Navarro-Gil
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.D.-G.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (F.J.N.-G.); (A.C.); Tel.: +34-91-3946883 (F.J.N.-G); +34-91-3946859 (A.C.)
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmen Olalla Domínguez-Godínez
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.D.-G.); (G.C.)
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (C.O.D.-G.); (G.C.)
| | - Almudena Crooke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (F.J.N.-G.); (A.C.); Tel.: +34-91-3946883 (F.J.N.-G); +34-91-3946859 (A.C.)
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5
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De Lima S, Erdal N, Adolfsson K, Hakkarainen M, Kugelberg M. Rupture and chemical accumulation in contact lenses with dexamethasone eye drop administration after congenital cataract surgery. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:462-467. [PMID: 34403214 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether contact lenses used after surgery for congenital cataracts act as a depot for dexamethasone, which would allow the prescribed amount of drops to be reduced, and to examine whether the preservative benzalkonium chloride accumulates in the contact lens matrix, which would suggest a need for more frequent replacements. METHODS Contact lenses (n = 10) worn by infants treated with dexamethasone eye drops after congenital cataract surgery were analysed with scanning electron microscopy, UV-vis, 1 H-NMR and LDI-MS for chemical deposits and for changes on the contact lens surface. Unused lenses (n = 5) and lenses (n = 4) from patients with no eye drop treatment were analysed as reference. RESULTS The treated contact lenses displayed ruptured surfaces in comparison with unused and reference lenses. Dexamethasone and BAK were not detected in any of the lenses. A polyethylene oxide component was found in the treated lenses, likely originating from the dexamethasone eye drops or the contact lens solution. CONCLUSION Dexamethasone and BAK do not accumulate in the contact lenses, and a depot effect of any clinical significance is unlikely. Therefore, the number of drops given after surgery should remain the same regardless of whether the child has contact lenses. The ruptured surface may both decrease the child's comfort and increase the risk of microbial adhesion, and so it is recommended that contact lenses should be replaced once a month throughout the course of anti-inflammatory eye drop treatment after surgery for congenital cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Lima
- Division of Eye and Vision Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Nejla Erdal
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Karin Adolfsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maria Kugelberg
- Division of Eye and Vision Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
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6
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Wang Y, Shen F, Sun W, Wang Q, Zhao X. Bandage contact lens soaked in 0.1% diclofenac to relieve early postoperative pain and foreign body sensation after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2022; 32:3321-3327. [PMID: 35196147 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221082301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effects of a bandage contact lens immersed in 0.1% diclofenac on pain management for patients undergoing transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK). METHODS In a prospective, comparative, contralateral, randomized, double-masked study, we assessed a total of 51 patients. The eyes of each patient were randomly divided into two groups. After TPRK, a normal soft bandage contact lens was placed on one eye as the control group, and a bandage contact lens soaked in diclofenac was placed on the other eye as the experimental group. When the bandage contact lens was not removed, postoperative pain and other ocular discomforts were compared at 2, 18, and 24 h and 2, 3, 4, and 5 postoperative days. Patients were then examined after 1 month. Visual acuity and subepithelial haze were also evaluated. RESULTS The mean pain score was 2.69 ± 1.96 in the control group, which was significantly higher than that in the experimental group, which received the diclofenac-soaked bandage contact lens at 2 postoperative hours. The statistical difference between the two groups' mean foreign body sensation at 2 postoperative hours was detected (p = 0.035). No differences were detected between the two groups' subepithelial haze scores or visual acuity. CONCLUSION A bandage contact lens soaked in 0.1% diclofenac solution can be used as a potential drug-delivery system to relieve early postoperative pain and foreign body sensation after TPRK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- 150163Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye hospital, 366 Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye hospital, 366 Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye hospital, 366 Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinmei Wang
- 150163Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye hospital, 366 Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhao
- Hangzhou Xihu Zhijiang Eye hospital, 366 Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310008, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Understanding dexamethasone kinetics in the rabbit tear fluid: drug release and clearance from solution, suspension and hydrogel formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 172:53-60. [PMID: 35121080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid precorneal loss of topically applied eye drops limits ocular drug absorption. Controlling release and precorneal residence properties of topical formulations may improve ocular drug bioavailability and duration of action. In this study, we evaluated in vivo ocular pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone in rabbits after application of a drug solution (0.01%), suspension (Maxidex® 0.1%), and hydrogels of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and acrylic acid (AAc) copolymers. The rabbits received a single eyedrop (solution or suspension) or dexamethasone-loaded hydrogel topically. Dexamethasone in tear fluid was sampled with glass capillaries and quantitated by LC-MS/MS. Higher dexamethasone exposure (AUC) in the tear fluid was observed with the suspension (≈ 3.6-fold) and hydrogel (12.8-fold) as compared to the solution. During initial 15 min post-application, the highest AUC of dissolved dexamethasone was seen after hydrogel application (368 min*µg/mL) followed by suspension (109.9 min*µg/mL) and solution (28.7 min*µg/mL. Based on kinetic simulations, dexamethasone release from hydrogels in vivo and in vitro is comparable. Our data indicate that prolonged exposure of absorbable dexamethasone in tear fluid is reached with hydrogels and suspensions. Pharmacokinetic understanding of formulation behavior in the lacrimal fluid helps in the design of dexamethasone delivery systems with improved ocular absorption and prolonged duration of action.
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8
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Enhanced topical corticosteroids delivery to the eye: A trade-off in strategy choice. J Control Release 2021; 339:91-113. [PMID: 34560157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Topical corticosteroids are the primary treatment of ocular inflammation caused by surgery, injury, or other conditions. Drug pre-corneal residence time, drug water solubility, and drug corneal permeability coefficient are the major factors that determine the ocular drug bioavailability after topical administration. Although growing research successfully enhanced local delivery of corticosteroids utilizing various strategies, rational and dynamic approaches to strategy selection are still lacking. Within this review, an overview of the various strategies as well as their performance in retention, solubility, and permeability coefficient of corticosteroids are provided. On this basis, the tradeoff of strategy selection is discussed, which may shed light on the rational choice and application of ophthalmic delivery enhancement strategies.
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9
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Rykowska I, Nowak I, Nowak R. Soft Contact Lenses as Drug Delivery Systems: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5577. [PMID: 34577045 PMCID: PMC8472272 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the role of contact lenses as an innovative drug delivery system in treating eye diseases. Current ophthalmic drug delivery systems are inadequate, particularly eye drops, which allow about 95% of the active substance to be lost through tear drainage. According to the literature, many interdisciplinary studies have been carried out on the ability of contact lenses to increase the penetration of topical therapeutic agents. Contact lenses limit drug loss by releasing the medicine into two layers of tears on either side of the contact lens, eventually extending the time of contact with the ocular surface. Thanks to weighted soft contact lenses, a continuous release of the drug over an extended period is possible. This article reviewed the various techniques to deliver medications through contact lenses, examining their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the potential of drug delivery systems based on contact lenses has been extensively studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Rykowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Iwona Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Rafał Nowak
- Eye Department, J. Strus City Hospital, Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland;
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10
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Maulvi FA, Soni PD, Patel PJ, Desai AR, Desai DT, Shukla MR, Shah SA, Shah DO, Willcox MDP. Controlled bimatoprost release from graphene oxide laden contact lenses: In vitro and in vivo studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 208:112096. [PMID: 34530331 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery using contact lenses may be able to substitute for eye drop therapy. However, issues with hydrophobic drugs (like bimatoprost that is used to treat glaucoma) such as low drug uptake using a simple soaking method into preformed contact lenses and alteration in the swelling and transmittance of lenses restricts the application for drug delivery. This research uses graphene oxide (GO) to control the release of bimatoprost from contact lenses along with improvements in the drug uptake, and lens swelling and transmittance. GO was loaded into silicone hydrogel contact lenses by adding the GO at the same time as lenses were polymerized. These lenses were soaked in bimatoprost. Alternatively contact lenses, either with or without GO, were produced by adding bimatoprost during lens polymerization. GO improved contact lens swelling due to its water binding capacity and lens transmittance due to the molecular dispersion of bimatoprost on the surface of the GO which prevented the local precipitation of the drug. The bimatoprost uptake was not improved in the presence of GO. However, its in vitro release profile was improved. Adding bimatoprost and GO at the same time as lenses were polymerized (DL-GO-BMT) significantly decreased the loss of drug during extraction and sterilization in comparison to contact lenses (DL-BMT) without GO. As the amount of GO was increased, the DL-GO-BMT lenses showed a significant decrease in the burst and cumulative release of bimatoprost. Ocular irritation and histopathology reports demonstrated the safety of GO contact lens. The in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in the rabbit tear fluid showed significant improvement in mean residence time (MRT) and area under the curve (AUC) with DL-GO-0.2 μg-BMT-100 contact lens in comparison to eye drop solution. The study demonstrated that the addition of GO to contact lenses can control the release of bimatoprost as well as improved the lens swelling and transmittance. However, further optimization is needed to modulate the release of drug within the therapeutic level to manage glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A Maulvi
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, 394350, India.
| | - Parth D Soni
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, 394350, India
| | - Pooja J Patel
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, 394350, India
| | - Ankita R Desai
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, 394350, India
| | - Ditixa T Desai
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, 394350, India
| | - Manish R Shukla
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Shailesh A Shah
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Surat, 394350, India
| | - Dinesh O Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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11
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Wróblewska KB, Jadach B, Muszalska-Kolos I. Progress in drug formulation design and delivery of medicinal substances used in ophthalmology. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121012. [PMID: 34400274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the very low bioavailability of drugs administered to the surface of the eyeball, issues related to the formulation of an ophthalmic drug pose a technological challenge. The essence of an ophthalmic drug is the selection of an appropriate active substance (API), but also auxiliary substances that determine the desired drug quality and API availability. The ophthalmic drug is not only classic eye drops. Therefore, on the basis of the literature data, the properties and application of auxiliary substances increasing the pharmaceutical availability of API, improving the penetration of API into the eye structures and modifying the viscosity of eye drops were characterized. The possibility of chemical modification of API and the use of prodrugs in ophthalmic drug forms was also noted. Taking into account the progress in the field of ophthalmic drug formulation, the use of multi-compartment systems (lipid particles, nanoparticles, microparticles, liposomes, niosomes, dendrimers) and modern ophthalmic drug delivery systems (inserts, implants, microneedles, contact lenses, ionophoretic systems) have been indicated. Examples of solutions already used by manufacturers, as well as those in the phase of laboratory or clinical trials, were indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna B Wróblewska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Barbara Jadach
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Izabela Muszalska-Kolos
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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12
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Erdal NB, Adolfsson KH, De lima S, Hakkarainen M. In vitro and in vivo effects of ophthalmic solutions on silicone hydrogel bandage lens material Senofilcon A. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 101:354-362. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nejla B Erdal
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Karin H Adolfsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Sara De lima
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Ophthalmology and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden,
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13
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Jones L, Hui A, Phan CM, Read ML, Azar D, Buch J, Ciolino JB, Naroo SA, Pall B, Romond K, Sankaridurg P, Schnider CM, Terry L, Willcox M. CLEAR - Contact lens technologies of the future. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:398-430. [PMID: 33775384 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Contact lenses in the future will likely have functions other than correction of refractive error. Lenses designed to control the development of myopia are already commercially available. Contact lenses as drug delivery devices and powered through advancements in nanotechnology will open up further opportunities for unique uses of contact lenses. This review examines the use, or potential use, of contact lenses aside from their role to correct refractive error. Contact lenses can be used to detect systemic and ocular surface diseases, treat and manage various ocular conditions and as devices that can correct presbyopia, control the development of myopia or be used for augmented vision. There is also discussion of new developments in contact lens packaging and storage cases. The use of contact lenses as devices to detect systemic disease has mostly focussed on detecting changes to glucose levels in tears for monitoring diabetic control. Glucose can be detected using changes in colour, fluorescence or generation of electric signals by embedded sensors such as boronic acid, concanavalin A or glucose oxidase. Contact lenses that have gained regulatory approval can measure changes in intraocular pressure to monitor glaucoma by measuring small changes in corneal shape. Challenges include integrating sensors into contact lenses and detecting the signals generated. Various techniques are used to optimise uptake and release of the drugs to the ocular surface to treat diseases such as dry eye, glaucoma, infection and allergy. Contact lenses that either mechanically or electronically change their shape are being investigated for the management of presbyopia. Contact lenses that slow the development of myopia are based upon incorporating concentric rings of plus power, peripheral optical zone(s) with add power or non-monotonic variations in power. Various forms of these lenses have shown a reduction in myopia in clinical trials and are available in various markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong.
| | - Alex Hui
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chau-Minh Phan
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Michael L Read
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dimitri Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Verily Life Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Buch
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Joseph B Ciolino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shehzad A Naroo
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Brian Pall
- Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kathleen Romond
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Padmaja Sankaridurg
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Louise Terry
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Therapeutic Hydrogel Lenses and the Antibacterial and Antibiotic Drugs Release. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of different lens types on the availability and efficacy of anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs. Three lens types were examined: (1) nonionic hydrogel lenses; (2) ionic hydrogel lenses; and (3) silicone hydrogel lenses. The lenses were incubated with (a) dexamethasone; (b) betamethasone; (c) bromophenacyl bromide; and (d) chloramphenicol. Drug availability was quantified by gradient HPLC, and chloramphenicol antibacterial activity was quantified by testing the inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium growth on agar. The lens allowing the most abundant passage of betamethasone was the ionic hydrogel lens, followed by the silicone hydrogel lens and nonionic hydrogel lens. The lens allowing the most abundant passage of dexamethasone was the ionic hydrogel lens, but only at 0.5 h and 1 h. Regarding chloramphenicol, the ionic hydrogel lens and silicone hydrogel lens allowed more abundant passage than the nonionic hydrogel lens. These results highlight the relevance of adapting lenses to anti-inflammatory therapy, thus allowing a personalized medical approach.
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15
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Torres-Luna C, Fan X, Domszy R, Hu N, Wang NS, Yang A. Hydrogel-based ocular drug delivery systems for hydrophobic drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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16
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Fan X, Torres-Luna C, Azadi M, Domszy R, Hu N, Yang A, David AE. Evaluation of commercial soft contact lenses for ocular drug delivery: A review. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:60-74. [PMID: 32853799 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Soft contact lenses have generated growing interest in ocular drug delivery due to their potential to enhance drug bioavailability in ocular tissues. Commercially available soft contact lenses offer several advantages for ocular drug delivery as they are manufactured on a large scale, which guarantees the availability of a consistent and reproducible product, and their favorable safety profile is well-established through broad clinical use. Here we review the rationale for using commercially available soft contact lenses for ocular drug delivery; summarize the evolution of the materials used in contact lens fabrication; and explore various methods used to improve the drug release characteristics and its tissue penetration. While significant progress has been made, several issues still require further attention for the commercial launch of a viable drug-eluting contact lens product, including control of initial burst release, shelf-life stability, and drug loss during processing or storage.
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17
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Corticosteroids in ophthalmology: drug delivery innovations, pharmacology, clinical applications, and future perspectives. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:866-893. [PMID: 32901367 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of the treatment for various ocular conditions affecting the ocular surface, anterior and posterior segments of the eye due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous, and anti-neovascularization properties. Prednisolone, prednisolone acetate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinolone acetonide, and loteprednol etabonate are amongst the most widely used ophthalmic corticosteroids. Corticosteroids differ in their activity and potency in the eye due to their inherent pharmacological and pharmaceutical differences. Different routes and regimens are available for ocular administration of corticosteroids. Conventional topical application to the eye is the route of choice when targeting diseases affecting the ocular surface and anterior segment, while periocular, intravitreal, and suprachoroidal injections can be potentially effective for posterior segment diseases. Corticosteroid-induced intraocular pressure elevation and cataract formation remain the most significant local risks following topical as well as systemic corticosteroid administration. Invasive drug administration via intracameral, subconjunctival, and intravitreal injection can enhance ocular bioavailability and minimize dose and dosing frequency of administration, yet may exacerbate ocular side effects of corticosteroids. This review provides a critical appraisal of the ophthalmic uses of corticosteroid, routes of administration, drug delivery fundamentals and novel ocular implantable steroid delivery systems, factors influencing side effects, and future perspectives for ocular corticosteroid therapy.
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18
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Lanier OL, Christopher KG, Macoon RM, Yu Y, Sekar P, Chauhan A. Commercialization challenges for drug eluting contact lenses. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1133-1149. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1787983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L. Lanier
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | | | - Russell M. Macoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Poorvajan Sekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
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19
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Ross AE, Bengani LC, Tulsan R, Maidana DE, Salvador-Culla B, Kobashi H, Kolovou PE, Zhai H, Taghizadeh K, Kuang L, Mehta M, Vavvas DG, Kohane DS, Ciolino JB. Topical sustained drug delivery to the retina with a drug-eluting contact lens. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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20
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Uptake and Release of Polyvinyl Alcohol from Hydrogel Daily Disposable Contact Lenses. Optom Vis Sci 2019; 96:180-186. [DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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21
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Larrañeta E, Domínguez-Robles J, Coogan M, Heaney E, Stewart SA, Thakur RRS, Donnelly RF. Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) Hydrogels Containing Cyclodextrins and Tween 85 for Potential Application as Hydrophobic Drug Delivery Systems. Macromol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-019-7074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Phan CM, Walther H, Riederer D, Lau C, Lorenz KO, Subbaraman LN, Jones L. Analysis of polyvinyl alcohol release from commercially available daily disposable contact lenses using an in vitro eye model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1662-1668. [PMID: 30325095 PMCID: PMC6587498 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to determine the release of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) from etafilcon A, omafilcon A, and nelfilcon A daily disposable hydrogel contact lenses using a novel in vitro model. PVA is an ocular lubricant that can be found in multiple formulations of artificial tears. Nelfilcon A innately contains PVA, so only the release of PVA from this lens was evaluated. Etafilcon A and omafilcon A lenses were incubated in a PBS solution containing PVA. The release of PVA was evaluated using a novel in vitro blink platform with Milli‐Q water and PBS under various blink conditions and flow rates. Nelfilcon A lenses significantly released more PVA than other lenses at 0.5 and 1.5 h in both PBS and Milli‐Q water (p < 0.001). For nelfilcon A, there was no statistical significance between the release profiles of PVA between the blink and no‐blink conditions, or for the various flow rates (p > 0.05). All tested groups and lenses showed a burst release within the first 4.5 h and rapidly plateaued thereafter. The current study demonstrates that releasable PVA (whether through uptake or through being inherently available from the material) is loosely bound on hydrogel lenses, and the majority is released within 4.5 h. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1662–1668, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Minh Phan
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE) - formerly Centre for Contact Lens Research (CCLR), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hendrik Walther
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE) - formerly Centre for Contact Lens Research (CCLR), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - Charis Lau
- Johnson & Johnson Vision, Inc, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Lakshman Nagapatnam Subbaraman
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE) - formerly Centre for Contact Lens Research (CCLR), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE) - formerly Centre for Contact Lens Research (CCLR), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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23
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Lim SH, Kathuria H, Tan JJY, Kang L. 3D printed drug delivery and testing systems - a passing fad or the future? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 132:139-168. [PMID: 29778901 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration approval of the first 3D printed tablet in 2015 has ignited growing interest in 3D printing, or additive manufacturing (AM), for drug delivery and testing systems. Beyond just a novel method for rapid prototyping, AM provides key advantages over traditional manufacturing of drug delivery and testing systems. These includes the ability to fabricate complex geometries to achieve variable drug release kinetics; ease of personalising pharmacotherapy for patient and lowering the cost for fabricating personalised dosages. Furthermore, AM allows fabrication of complex and micron-sized tissue scaffolds and models for drug testing systems that closely resemble in vivo conditions. However, there are several limitations such as regulatory concerns that may impede the progression to market. Here, we provide an overview of the advantages of AM drug delivery and testing, as compared to traditional manufacturing techniques. Also, we discuss the key challenges and future directions for AM enabled pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seng Han Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Block S4A, Level 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Block S4A, Level 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Justin Jia Yao Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Block S4A, Level 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, NSW 2006, Australia.
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24
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Phan CM, Weber S, Mueller J, Yee A, Jones L. A Rapid Extraction Method to Quantify Drug Uptake in Contact Lenses. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:11. [PMID: 29600119 PMCID: PMC5868858 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a simple extraction procedure to quantify the uptake of four topical ocular pharmaceutical drugs into contact lenses (CLs). Methods Four silicone hydrogel (SH) CLs (balafilcon A, senofilcon A, lotrafilcon B, comfilcon B) and four conventional hydrogel (CH) CLs (nesofilcon A, hilafilcon B, nelfilcon A, etafilcon A) were evaluated. The drugs studied were natamycin, moxifloxacin, timolol maleate, and ketotifen fumarate. For drug incubation, three CLs of each type were placed in 1 mL of 1 mg/mL drug-loading solution for 24 hours. The lenses were then extracted in 2 mL methanol for 2 hours. This process was repeated to obtain a total of three extraction cycles. Detection of natamycin, moxifloxacin, ketotifen fumarate, and timolol maleate were measured by absorbance at 305, 287, 297, and 295 nm, respectively. Results The majority of the drugs were extracted after the first extraction cycle (P < 0.001). For moxifloxacin and timolol, CH CLs had higher drug uptake than SH CLs (P < 0.05). There were no differences in drug uptake between CH CLs and SH CLs for natamycin and ketotifen (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study provides a simple approach to determine drug uptake into CLs. This method can also be modified, such as changing the extraction time, extraction cycles, or extraction solvent to better suit other drugs and CL combinations. Translational Relevance There is considerable interest in using CLs for ocular drug delivery. Accurately quantifying drug uptake on CLs has been a challenge. Hence, this study provides a simple method to quantify drug uptake in CLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Minh Phan
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Weber
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
| | - Jennifer Mueller
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
| | - Alan Yee
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research and Education, School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Hui A. Contact lenses for ophthalmic drug delivery. Clin Exp Optom 2018; 100:494-512. [PMID: 28940532 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact lenses as a means to deliver pharmaceuticals to the eye have seen a significant increase in research interest in the past few years. This review will detail the in vitro experiments which have investigated use of these contact lenses in the context of the desired pharmacological treatment goals in the management of infectious, inflammatory, allergic and glaucomatous diseases of the eye. The techniques researchers have employed to modify and tailor drug release rates from these materials, including the use of vitamin E diffusion barriers, modified ionicity, molecular imprinting and incorporation of drug reservoirs, will be discussed, as well as their impact on drug release kinetics. Finally, the demonstration of the feasibility of these materials when applied in vivo in animal models as well as in humans with and without disease will be presented and their results discussed relating to their implications for the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hui
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Ophthalmic gels: Past, present and future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 126:113-126. [PMID: 29288733 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous gels formulated using hydrophilic polymers (hydrogels) along with those based on stimuli responsive polymers (in situ gelling or gel forming systems) continue to attract increasing interest for various eye health-related applications. They allow the incorporation of a variety of ophthalmic pharmaceuticals to achieve therapeutic levels of drugs and bioactives at target ocular sites. The integration of sophisticated drug delivery technologies such as nanotechnology-based ones with intelligent and environment responsive systems can extend current treatment duration to provide more clinically relevant time courses (weeks and months instead of hours and days) which will inevitably reduce dose frequency, increase patient compliance and improve clinical outcomes. Novel applications and design of contact lenses and intracanalicular delivery devices along with the move towards integrating gels into various drug delivery devices like intraocular pumps, injections and implants has the potential to reduce comorbidities caused by glaucoma, corneal keratopathy, cataract, diabetic retinopathies and age-related macular degeneration. This review describes ophthalmic gelling systems with emphasis on mechanism of gel formation and application in ophthalmology. It provides a critical appraisal of the techniques and methods used in the characterization of ophthalmic preformed gels and in situ gelling systems along with a thorough insight into the safety and biocompatibility of these systems. Newly developed ophthalmic gels, hydrogels, preformed gels and in situ gelling systems including the latest in the area of stimuli responsive gels, molecularly imprinted gels, nanogels, 3D printed hydrogels; 3D printed devices comprising ophthalmic gels are covered. Finally, new applications of gels in the production of artificial corneas, corneal wound healing and hydrogel contact lenses are described.
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27
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Hui A, Bajgrowicz-Cieslak M, Phan CM, Jones L. In vitro release of two anti-muscarinic drugs from soft contact lenses. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:1657-1665. [PMID: 29213204 PMCID: PMC5606686 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s141404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the release of the anti-myopia drugs atropine sulfate and pirenzepine dihydrochloride from commercially available soft contact lenses. Standard ultraviolet (UV) absorbance-concentration curves were generated for atropine and pirenzepine. Ten commercially available contact lenses, including four multifocal lenses, were loaded by soaking in atropine or pirenzepine solutions at two different concentrations (10 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL). The release of the drugs into phosphate-buffered saline was determined over the course of 24 hours at 34°C using UV absorbance. Materials with surface charge released the greatest amount of atropine when loaded with either concentration when compared to the other lens types (p<0.05), releasing upward of 1.026±0.035 mg/lens and 0.979±0.024 mg/lens from etafilcon A and ocufilcon A, respectively. There were no significant differences in the amount of atropine or pirenzepine released from the multifocal and non-multifocal lenses made from the same lens materials. Narafilcon A material demonstrated prolonged release of up to 8 hours when loaded with pirenzepine, although the overall dose delivered from the lens into the solution was among the lowest of the materials investigated. The rest of the lenses reached a plateau within 2 hours of release, suggesting that they were unable to sustain drug release into the solution for long periods of time. Given that no single method of myopia control has yet shown itself to be completely effective in preventing myopia progression, a combination of optical and pharmaceutical devices comprising a drug delivering contact lens presents a novel solution that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Hui
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Chau-Minh Phan
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Dry eye disease affects a substantial segment of the word population with increasing frequency. It is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and tear film, which causes ocular discomfort, visual disturbances, and tear instability with potential damage to the cornea and conjunctiva. Because of its multifactorial etiology, the use of different pharmacological treatment for dry eye treatment has been proposed, which include anti-inflammatory molecules, lubricants or comfort agents, and secretagogues. However, in some cases these pharmacological approaches only relieve symptoms temporarily, and consequently, eye care professionals continue to have difficulties managing dry eye. To improve pharmacological therapy that allows a more efficient and long-term action, effective ocular drug delivery of the currently available drugs for dry eye treatment is required. Contact lenses are emerging as alternative ophthalmic drugs delivery systems that provide an increased residence time of the drug at the eye, thus leading to enhanced bioavailability and more convenient and efficacious therapy. In this article, we reviewed the different techniques used to prepare contact lens-based drug delivery systems and focused on articles that describe the delivery of compounds for dry eye treatment through contact lenses.
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Rodríguez Villanueva J, Rodríguez Villanueva L, Guzmán Navarro M. Pharmaceutical technology can turn a traditional drug, dexamethasone into a first-line ocular medicine. A global perspective and future trends. Int J Pharm 2016; 516:342-351. [PMID: 27889587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dexamethasone is one of the most prescribed glucocorticoids. It is effective and safe in the treatment of a wide variety of ocular conditions, including anterior and posterior segment inflammation. However, its half-life in the vitreous humor is very short, which means that it typically requires frequent administrations, thus reducing patient adherence and causing therapeutic failure. Innovative dexamethasone delivery systems have been designed in an attempt to achieve sustained release and targeting. The FDA has approved dexamethasone implants for the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion and posterior segment noninfectious uveitis. Lenses, micro- and nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles and dendrimers are also proving to be adequate systems for maintaining optimal dexamethasone levels in the site of action. Pharmaceutical technology is turning a classical drug, dexamethasone, into a fashionable medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez Villanueva
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Rodríguez Villanueva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Guzmán Navarro
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra. de Madrid-Barcelona (Autovía A2) Km. 33,600 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Phan CM, Bajgrowicz-Cieslak M, Subbaraman LN, Jones L. Release of Moxifloxacin from Contact Lenses Using an In Vitro Eye Model: Impact of Artificial Tear Fluid Composition and Mechanical Rubbing. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2016; 5:3. [PMID: 27847690 PMCID: PMC5106195 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.5.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the release of moxifloxacin from a variety of daily disposable (DD) contact lenses (CLs) under various conditions using a novel in vitro eye model. METHODS Four commercially available DD conventional hydrogel (CH) CLs (nelfilcon A, omafilcon A, etafilcon A, and ocufilcon B) and three silicone hydrogel (SH) CLs (somofilcon A, narafilcon A, and delefilcon A) were evaluated. These lenses were incubated in moxifloxacin for 24 hours. The release of the drug was measured using a novel in vitro model in three experimental conditions: (1) phosphate buffered saline (PBS); (2) artificial tear solution (ATS) containing a variety of proteins and lipids; and (3) ATS with mechanical rubbing produced by the device. RESULTS Overall, CH CLs had a higher drug release than SH CLs (P < 0.05) under all conditions. Typically, a higher drug release was observed in PBS than ATS (P < 0.05). For CH, drug release was found to be higher in ATS with rubbing than PBS or ATS (P < 0.05). For most lens types, ATS with rubbing produced higher drug release than ATS alone (P < 0.05). Generally, the release kinetics for all conditions were sustained over the 24-hour testing period, and no burst release was observed (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Moxifloxacin release from a CL into ATS is lower when compared to release into PBS. When mechanical rubbing is introduced, the amount of drugs released is increased. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that sophisticated in vitro models are necessary to adequately model on-eye drug release from CL materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Minh Phan
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magdalena Bajgrowicz-Cieslak
- Department of Mechanics, Material Science and Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lakshman N. Subbaraman
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Effects of Antifungal Soaked Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses on Candida albicans in an Agar Eye Model. Eye Contact Lens 2016; 42:313-7. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
This review highlights the current state of knowledge of in vivo testing of drug-delivering contact lenses. There has been a significant increase in interest in alternative means to deliver ocular pharmaceuticals, and within the past few decades, contact lenses have emerged as a vehicle of interest because of their biocompatibility and acceptance by both eye care professionals and the public. Using techniques such as molecular imprinting, vitamin E diffusion barriers, ionic reservoirs, and drug-impregnated films, significantly improved drug release kinetics have been observed in vitro. Extension of these results into in vivo studies has thus far been limited but has led to evidence of the viability of this drug delivery platform by demonstrating improved drug residence time, drug penetration, and clinical outcomes when compared with conventional therapy such as eye drops. The evidence supporting these improvements has occurred in both animal models and small human trials and is presented within this review.
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Yang M, Yang Y, Lei M, Ye C, Zhao C, Xu J, Wu K, Yu M. Experimental studies on soft contact lenses for controlled ocular delivery of pirfinedone: in vitro and in vivo. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3538-3543. [DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1204570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Yangfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Ming Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengtian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Chunshun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Kaili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, and
| | - Minbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, and
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Phan CM, Walther H, Gao H, Rossy J, Subbaraman LN, Jones L. Development of an In Vitro Ocular Platform to Test Contact Lenses. J Vis Exp 2016:e53907. [PMID: 27078088 DOI: 10.3791/53907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, in vitro evaluations of contact lenses (CLs) for drug delivery are typically performed in large volume vials, which fail to mimic physiological tear volumes. The traditional model also lacks the natural tear flow component and the blinking reflex, both of which are defining factors of the ocular environment. The development of a novel model is described in this study, which consists of a unique 2-piece design, eyeball and eyelid piece, capable of mimicking physiological tear volume. The models are created from 3-D printed molds (Polytetrafluoroethylene or Teflon molds), which can be used to generate eye models from various polymers, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and agar. Further modifications to the eye pieces, such as the integration of an explanted human or animal cornea or human corneal construct, will permit for more complex in vitro ocular studies. A commercial microfluidic syringe pump is integrated with the platform to emulate physiological tear secretion. Air exposure and mechanical wear are achieved using two mechanical actuators, of which one moves the eyelid piece laterally, and the other moves the eyeballeyepiece circularly. The model has been used to evaluate CLs for drug delivery and deposition of tear components on CLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Minh Phan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo;
| | - Hendrik Walther
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo
| | | | - Jordan Rossy
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo
| | | | - Lyndon Jones
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo
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Behl G, Iqbal J, O'Reilly NJ, McLoughlin P, Fitzhenry L. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) Contact Lenses Containing Chitosan Nanoparticles as an Ocular Delivery System for Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate. Pharm Res 2016; 33:1638-48. [PMID: 26964548 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DXP) is an anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to treat acute and chronic ocular diseases. It is routinely delivered using eye-drops, where typically only 5% of the drug penetrates the corneal epithelium. The bioavailability of such ophthalmic drugs can be enhanced significantly using contact lenses incorporating drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs). METHODS The mechanism of release from chitosan NPs (CS-NPs), synthesized by ionic gelation, was studied in vitro. The DXP loaded CS-NPs were subsequently entrapped in contact lenses and the optical and drug-release properties were assessed. RESULTS DXP release from CS-NPs followed diffusion and swelling controlled mechanisms, with an additional proposed impact from the electrostatic interaction between the drug and the CS-NPs. The release rate was found to increase with an increase in drug loading from 20 to 50 wt%. However, an inverse effect was observed when initial loading increased to 100 wt%. NP-laden lenses were optically clear (95-98% transmittance relative to the neat contact lens) and demonstrated sustained DXP release, with approximately 55.73% released in 22 days. CONCLUSIONS The release profile indicated that drug levels were within the therapeutic requirement for anti-inflammatory use. These results suggest that these materials might be a promising candidate for the delivery of DXP and other important ophthalmic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Behl
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Niall J O'Reilly
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Peter McLoughlin
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Laurence Fitzhenry
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Department of Science, School of Science and Computing, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland.
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Paradiso P, Serro AP, Saramago B, Colaço R, Chauhan A. Controlled Release of Antibiotics From Vitamin E–Loaded Silicone-Hydrogel Contact Lenses. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1164-72. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3549(15)00193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hsu KH, Carbia BE, Plummer C, Chauhan A. Dual drug delivery from vitamin E loaded contact lenses for glaucoma therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 94:312-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Carvalho I, Marques C, Oliveira R, Coelho P, Costa P, Ferreira D. Sustained drug release by contact lenses for glaucoma treatment—A review. J Control Release 2015; 202:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Modification of Timolol Release From Silicone Hydrogel Model Contact Lens Materials Using Hyaluronic Acid. Eye Contact Lens 2014; 40:269-76. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Analysis of release kinetics of ocular therapeutics from drug releasing contact lenses: Best methods and practices to advance the field. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2014; 37:305-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mahomed A, Tighe BJ. The design of contact lens based ocular drug delivery systems for single-day use: Part (I) Structural factors, surrogate ophthalmic dyes and passive diffusion studies. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:341-53. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328214527776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The poor retention and efficacy of instilled drops as a means of delivering drugs to the ophthalmic environment is well-recognised. The potential value of contact lenses as a means of ophthalmic drug delivery, and consequent improvement of pre-corneal retention is one obvious route to the development of a more effective ocular delivery system. Furthermore, the increasing availability and clinical use of daily disposable contact lenses provides the platform for the development of viable single-day use drug delivery devices based on existing materials and lenses. In order to provide a basis for the effective design of such devices, a systematic understanding of the factors affecting the interaction of individual drugs with the lens matrix is required. Because a large number of potential structural variables are involved, it is necessary to achieve some rationalisation of the parameters and physicochemical properties (such as molecular weight, charge, partition coefficients) that influence drug interactions. Ophthalmic dyes and structurally related compounds based on the same core structure were used to investigate these various factors and the way in which they can be used in concert to design effective release systems for structurally different drugs. Initial studies of passive diffusional release form a necessary precursor to the investigation of the features of the ocular environment that over-ride this simple behaviour. Commercially available contact lenses of differing structural classifications were used to study factors affecting the uptake of the surrogate actives and their release under ‘passive’ conditions. The interaction between active and lens material shows considerable and complex structure dependence, which is not simply related to equilibrium water content. The structure of the polymer matrix itself was found to have the dominant controlling influence on active uptake; hydrophobic interaction with the ophthalmic dye playing a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Mahomed
- Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Brian J Tighe
- Biomaterials Research Unit, School of Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Ophthalmic drug dosage forms: characterisation and research methods. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:861904. [PMID: 24772038 PMCID: PMC3977496 DOI: 10.1155/2014/861904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes hitherto developed drug forms for topical ocular administration, that is, eye drops, ointments, in situ gels, inserts, multicompartment drug delivery systems, and ophthalmic drug forms with bioadhesive properties. Heretofore, many studies have demonstrated that new and more complex ophthalmic drug forms exhibit advantage over traditional ones and are able to increase the bioavailability of the active substance by, among others, reducing the susceptibility of drug forms to defense mechanisms of the human eye, extending contact time of drug with the cornea, increasing the penetration through the complex anatomical structure of the eye, and providing controlled release of drugs into the eye tissues, which allows reducing the drug application frequency. The rest of the paper describes recommended in vitro and in vivo studies to be performed for various ophthalmic drugs forms in order to assess whether the form is acceptable from the perspective of desired properties and patient's compliance.
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Guidi G, Hughes TC, Whinton M, Brook MA, Sheardown H. The effect of silicone hydrogel contact lens composition on dexamethasone release. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:222-233. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328214521253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the delivery of dexamethasone and the composition of silicone hydrogel materials was investigated. Two hydrophilic monomers (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or N,N-dimethylacrylamide), a siloxy methacrylate-based monomer (1-(Bis(trimethylsiloxy)methylsilyl)propoxy-3-metacryloxy-2-propanol, a polysiloxane (monomethacryloxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane) and a polymerizable silicone surfactant (Silmer ACR A008-UP) were used to synthesize silicone hydrogels of variable composition. The materials properties, such as surface wettability and equilibrium water content, were highly dependent on polymer composition. All dexamethasone-loaded hydrogels showed uptake that was driven primarily by sorption to the polymer phase. Furthermore, a positive correlation between loading mass and equilibrium water content was established. The duration of drug release from the hydrogels ranged from one to greater than two weeks depending on the monomer composition and relative contribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers. Higuchi model rate constants for the release showed strong correlation with the equilibrium water content, signifying that the release is likely controlled by aqueous phase diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Guidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Timothy C Hughes
- Materials Science and Engineering, CSIRO, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marlena Whinton
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Brook
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Phan CM, Subbaraman L, Jones L. Contact lenses for antifungal ocular drug delivery: a review. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:537-46. [PMID: 24472171 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.882315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fungal keratitis, a potentially blinding disease, has been difficult to treat due to the limited number of approved antifungal drugs and the taxing dosing regimen. Thus, the development of a contact lens (CL) as an antifungal drug delivery platform has the potential to improve the treatment of fungal keratitis. A CL can serve as a drug reservoir to continuously release drugs to the cornea, while limiting drug loss through tears, blinking, drainage and non-specific absorption. AREAS COVERED This review will provide a summary of currently available methods for delivering antifungal drugs from commercial and model CLs, including vitamin E coating, impregnated drug films, cyclodextrin-functionalized hydrogels, polyelectrolyte hydrogels and molecular imprinting. This review will also highlight some of the main factors that influence antifungal drug delivery with CLs. EXPERT OPINION Several novel CL materials have been developed, capable of extended drug release profiles with a wide range of antifungal drugs lasting from 8 h to as long as 21 days. However, there are factors, such as first-order release kinetics, effectiveness of continuous drug release, microbial resistance, ocular toxicity and potential complications from inserting a CL in an infected eye, that still need to be addressed before commercial applications can be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Minh Phan
- Centre for Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 , Canada +1 519 888 4567 Extn: 36547 ;
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Abstract
The use of contact lenses as ocular bandages for drug delivery was envisioned nearly 50 years ago by Wichterle and co-workers. Despite the therapeutic advantages that can be obtained, this application has to face up to the poor affinity shown by commercially available contact lenses for most ophthalmic drugs, resulting in small amounts of drug being loaded and short time of therapeutic levels in the eye structures. Novel strategies that appeared in the beginning of 21st century, for example coating lenses with vitamin E, incorporation of drug nanocarriers or application of molecular imprinting technology, are becoming relevant tools for development of true drug/contact lens combination products that may be available for ocular therapy in the foreseeable future.
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Application of Senofilcon A Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Bandage Lens Indications. Eye Contact Lens 2013; 39:315-23. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0b013e3182993921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Bengani LC, Hsu KH, Gause S, Chauhan A. Contact lenses as a platform for ocular drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1483-96. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.821462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Equilibrium Binding Interactions Between Lotrafilcon A Soft Contact Lenses and the Two Prostaglandin Antiglaucoma Drugs Bimatoprost and Tafluprost. Eye Contact Lens 2013; 39:295-302. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0b013e3182973d5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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