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Xin J, Bao B, Liu J, Ma Z, Zhang M, Bi H, Guo D. Crosstalk between Myopia and Inflammation: A Mini Review. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:1589-1603. [PMID: 39006849 PMCID: PMC11241089 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.94826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Myopia represents a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly affecting the ocular health of children and adolescents. The escalating prevalence of myopia in recent years underscores its urgency as a health issue among this demographic. Research indicates a profound connection between the onset of myopia, inflammatory processes and fibrosis. Individuals with inflammatory conditions like allergic conjunctivitis, choroiditis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and diabetes exhibit a heightened susceptibility to myopia. Conversely, myopic patients are at an increased risk of developing ocular inflammatory disorders, notably idiopathic multifocal choroiditis. We postulate that the expression of inflammatory markers, including NF-κB, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, may contribute to the chronic inflammatory state observed in myopia. This paper highlights a substantial correlation between myopia and inflammation, suggesting the potential efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents in managing inflammation and slowing myopia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhao Xin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Bo Bao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Zhongyu Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases; Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy; Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250002, China
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Singh H, Singh H, Sharma S, Kaur H, Kaur A, Kaur S, Kaur S, Sahajpal NS, Chaubey A, Shahtaghi NR, Kaur I, Jain SK. Genotoxic and mutagenic potential of 7-methylxanthine: an investigational drug molecule for the treatment of myopia. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:264-273. [PMID: 36594462 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2164011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
7-Methylxanthine (7-MX, CAS No. 552-62-5, purity 99.46%) is the first orally administered drug candidate, which showed anti-myopic activity in different pre-clinical studies. In the present study, we investigated the in-vivo genotoxic and mutagenic toxicity of 7-MX in Wistar rats using comet/single-cell gel electrophoresis, chromosomal aberration and micronucleus assays after oral administration. For the single-dose study (72 h), two doses of 7-MX 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight were selected. For a repeated dose 28 d study, three doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) of 7-MX were selected. The doses were administered via oral gavage in the suspension form. Blood and major vital organs such as bone marrow, lung and liver were used to perform comet/single cell gel electrophoresis, chromosomal aberration, and micronucleus assays. The in-vitro Ames test was performed on TA98 and TA100 strains. In the chromosomal aberration study, a non-significant increase in deformities such as stickiness, ring chromosome, and endoreduplication was observed in bone marrow cells of 7-MX treated groups. These chromosomal alterations were observed upon treatment with doses of 2000 mg/kg single dose for 72 h and 1000 mg/kg repeated dose for 28 d. At a dose of 500 mg/kg, DNA damage in terms of tail length, tail moment, % tail DNA and the olive tail moment was also found to be non-significant in 7-MX treated groups. The Ames test showed the non-mutagenic nature of 7-MX in both strains of TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium with or without metabolic activation. Thus, the present work is interesting in view of the non- genotoxicity and non-mutagenicity of repeated doses of 7-MX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Government Polytechnic College, Amritsar, India
| | - Harmanpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Harmanpreet Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar India
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar India
| | - Nikhil Shri Sahajpal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Georgia, USA
| | - Alka Chaubey
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Bionano Genomics Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Navid Reza Shahtaghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
- Center for Basic and Translational Research in Health Science, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Yu X, Yuan J, Chen ZJ, Li K, Yao Y, Xing S, Xue Z, Zhang Y, Peng H, An G, Yu X, Qu J, Su J. Whole-Exome Sequencing Among School-Aged Children With High Myopia. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2345821. [PMID: 38039006 PMCID: PMC10692858 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.45821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance High myopia (HM) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. Genetic factors are known to play an important role in the development of HM. Objective To identify risk variants in a large HM cohort and to examine the implications of genetic testing of schoolchildren with HM. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study retrospectively reviewed whole-exome sequencing (WES) results in 6215 schoolchildren with HM who underwent genetic testing between September 2019 and July 2020 in Wenzhou City, China. HM is defined as a spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of -6.00 diopters (D) or less. The study setting was a genetic testing laboratory and a multicenter school census. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to June 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures The frequency and distribution of positive germline variants, the percentage of individuals with HM in both eyes, and subsequent variant yield for common high myopia (CHM; -8.00 D ≤ SER ≤ -6.00 D), ultra myopia (UM; -10.00 D ≤ SER < -8.00 D), and extreme myopia (EM; SER < -10.00 D). Results Of the 6215 schoolchildren with HM, 3278 (52.74%) were male. Their mean (SD) age was 14.87 (2.02) years, including 355 students in primary school, 1970 in junior high school, and 3890 in senior high school. The mean (SD) SER was -7.51 (-1.36) D for the right eye and -7.46 (-1.34) D for the left eye. Among schoolchildren with HM, genetic testing yielded 271 potential pathogenic variants in 75 HM candidate genes in 964 diagnoses (15.52%). A total of 36 known variants were found in 490 HM participants (7.88%) and 235 protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in 506 participants (8.14%). Involved variant yield was significantly positively associated with SER (Cochran-Armitage test for trend Z = 2.5492; P = .01), which ranged from 7.66% in the CHM group, 8.70% in the UM group, to 11.90% in the EM group. We also found that primary school students with EM had the highest variant yield of PTVs (8 of 35 students [22.86%]), which was 1.77 and 4.78 times that of the UM and CHM, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of WES for HM, several potential pathogenic variants were identified in a substantial number of schoolchildren with HM. The high variation frequency in younger students with EM can provide clues for genetic screening and clinical examinations of HM to promote long-term follow-up assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ji Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Li
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Yao
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shilai Xing
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of PSI Genomics, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhengbo Xue
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Peng
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang An
- Institute of PSI Genomics, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Jia Qu
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Su
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
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Zeitz C, Roger JE, Audo I, Michiels C, Sánchez-Farías N, Varin J, Frederiksen H, Wilmet B, Callebert J, Gimenez ML, Bouzidi N, Blond F, Guilllonneau X, Fouquet S, Léveillard T, Smirnov V, Vincent A, Héon E, Sahel JA, Kloeckener-Gruissem B, Sennlaub F, Morgans CW, Duvoisin RM, Tkatchenko AV, Picaud S. Shedding light on myopia by studying complete congenital stationary night blindness. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 93:101155. [PMID: 36669906 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Myopia is the most common eye disorder, caused by heterogeneous genetic and environmental factors. Rare progressive and stationary inherited retinal disorders are often associated with high myopia. Genes implicated in myopia encode proteins involved in a variety of biological processes including eye morphogenesis, extracellular matrix organization, visual perception, circadian rhythms, and retinal signaling. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified in animal models mimicking myopia are helpful in suggesting candidate genes implicated in human myopia. Complete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB) in humans and animal models represents an ON-bipolar cell signal transmission defect and is also associated with high myopia. Thus, it represents also an interesting model to identify myopia-related genes, as well as disease mechanisms. While the origin of night blindness is molecularly well established, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of myopia development in subjects with cCSNB. Using whole transcriptome analysis on three different mouse models of cCSNB (in Gpr179-/-, Lrit3-/- and Grm6-/-), we identified novel actors of the retinal signaling cascade, which are also novel candidate genes for myopia. Meta-analysis of our transcriptomic data with published transcriptomic databases and genome-wide association studies from myopia cases led us to propose new biological/cellular processes/mechanisms potentially at the origin of myopia in cCSNB subjects. The results provide a foundation to guide the development of pharmacological myopia therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Zeitz
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.
| | - Jérome E Roger
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CERTO-Retina France, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Isabelle Audo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Juliette Varin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Helen Frederiksen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Wilmet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, INSERM U942, Hospital Lariboisière, APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Nassima Bouzidi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Blond
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Stéphane Fouquet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Vasily Smirnov
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elise Héon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France; CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France; Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Florian Sennlaub
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Catherine W Morgans
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert M Duvoisin
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrei V Tkatchenko
- Oujiang Laboratory, Zhejiang Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serge Picaud
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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Magliyah MS, Almarek F, Nowilaty SR, Al-Abdi L, Alkuraya FS, Alowain M, Schatz P, Alfaadhel T, Khan AO, Alsulaiman SM. LEPREL1 -RELATED GIANT RETINAL TEAR DETACHMENTS MIMIC THE PHENOTYPE OF OCULAR STICKLER SYNDROME. Retina 2023; 43:498-505. [PMID: 36729830 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the features of retinal detachments and high myopia in patients with novel pathogenic variants in LEPREL1 and report a possible association with nephropathy. METHODS Retrospective study of 10 children with biallelic LEPREL1 pathogenic variants. Data included ophthalmic features, surgical interventions, and genetic and laboratory findings. RESULTS 10 patients (8 females) from three families with homozygous (2) or compound heterozygous (1) variants in LEPREL1 were included. At presentation, mean age was 9.9 ± 2.6 years. Mean axial length was 28.9 ± 1.9 mm and mean refraction was -13.9 ± 2.8 diopters. Bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts were present in eight patients (80%), with lens subluxation in five eyes of three patients (30%). Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD), associated with giant retinal tears (GRT), developed in seven eyes of five patients (50%) at a mean age of 14.14 ± 5.9 years. Six were successfully reattached with mean Snellen best-corrected visual acuity improving from 20/120 preoperatively to 20/60 at last follow-up. Urinalysis in nine patients revealed microhematuria and/or mild proteinuria in six patients (67%). CONCLUSION LEPREL1 -related high myopia confers a high risk of early-onset GRT-related RRD. The ocular phenotype may be confused with that of ocular Stickler syndrome if genetic testing is not performed. Further investigations into a potential association with renal dysfunction are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa S Magliyah
- Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Mohammed Medical City, AlJouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Almarek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan R Nowilaty
- Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Al-Abdi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alowain
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patrik Schatz
- Vitreoretinal Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Sciences, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Talal Alfaadhel
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif O Khan
- Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; and
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Di Y, Cui G, Li Y, Luo Y. A meta-analysis of visual outcomes and optical quality after small incision lenticule extraction versus implantable collamer lens for myopia. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:136-144. [PMID: 35469471 DOI: 10.1177/11206721221097249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate possible differences in visual outcome and optical quality when small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus implantable collamer lens (ICL) is used to correct myopia. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to August 2021 to identify relevant studies. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Primary outcomes were postoperative efficacy, safety, and predictability at the end of follow-up. Secondary outcomes were changes in modulation transfer function cutoff frequency (MTF cut-off), objective scatter index (OSI) values, total higher-order aberrations (HOAs), spherical aberrations, and coma aberrations. RESULTS Seven studies with a total of 1296 eyes (SMILE: 731 eyes; TECXL: 565 eyes) were included. The ICL group had a better MTF cut-off (P = 0.007) and less change in the proportion of HOAs (P < 0.001), spherical aberrations (P = 0.009), and coma (P = 0.006) than the SMILE group. For the other outcomes, there were no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS SMILE and ICL implantation are comparable in efficacy, safety, and predictability for correcting myopia. Larger studies with longer follow-up times are warranted to provide a better understanding of the benefits of SMILE and ICL implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Di
- Department of Ophthalmology, 34732Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, 34732Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, 34732Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, 34732Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jin G, Liu Z, Wang L, Zhu Y, Luo L, Liu Y. Corneal Biometric Features and Their Association With Axial Length in High Myopia. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 238:45-51. [PMID: 34896081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the morphologic features of corneal parameters and their correlation with axial length (AL) elongation in patients with high axial myopia. DESIGN Cross-sectional comparative study. METHODS A total of 299 eyes with high myopia (299 patients) and 266 eyes of age- and sex-matched control subjects (266 patients) were examined by anterior segment swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and an IOL Master. Central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), corneal volume (CV), and anterior corneal curvature (CC), posterior CC, and total CC were obtained, and their correlation with AL was investigated using multiple linear regression model. RESULTS The CCT, TCT, CV, and anterior, posterior, and total CC of patients with high myopia were smaller than those of the control subjects. The CCT, TCT, and CV had a continuous downward trend with AL. However, CC decreased rapidly with AL when AL was <26 mm and the slope decreased when AL was 26 to 28 mm. This linear association was absent when AL was >28 mm. Multiple linear regression showed that the CCT (β = -1.98, P = .007), TCT (β = -1.63, P = .019), and CV (β = -0.13, P = .001) were associated with AL. Anterior, posterior, and total CCs were negatively associated with AL when AL was <26 mm (all P < .001) and when AL was between 26 and 28 mm (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS CC decreases may serve as a refractive compensation on myopia when AL is <28 mm. However, this effect does not exist when AL is >28 mm. Consideration should be given to the special distribution of cornea curvature for IOL calculations in subjects with high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- and the Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (Y.Z.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lixia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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8
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Gao L, Ma Q, Li J, Wang S, Liu B, Wang X, Meng C. Genetic susceptibility to high myopia in Han Chinese population. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:512-516. [PMID: 35647299 PMCID: PMC9123300 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High myopia is a common ocular genetic disease in the world. The study sought to investigate the effect of the Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) genes polymorphisms on high myopia in a Han population of China. This study recruited 216 unrelated Han Chinese subjects, including 103 cases with high myopia and 113 controls. Four tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IGF-1 and MMP-9 genes were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY method. The chi-square test showed that the family history was significantly correlated with myopia. The SNP genotypes were all in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). Among the four SNPs, there were statistically significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of rs2236416 between the groups (P = 0.024). The significant associations of rs2236416 between cases and controls also appeared after Bonferroni multiple correction (P = 0.024). Then, there were significant differences in the genotypes dominant model and codominant model of rs2236416 between groups (P = 0.007 and P = 0.004, respectively). rs5742632 showed a significant difference between the cases and the controls in the recessive model (P = 0.037). Our findings indicated that rs2236416 of MMP-9 was associated with myopia in the population. The result suggested MMP-9 gene locus may play a role in myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, 271016, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Continuous Education College, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, 271016, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Infirmary, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, 271016, China
| | - Lei Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, 271016, China
| | - Qingyue Ma
- Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, 271016, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Ji’nan, 250100, China
| | - Shengxia Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, 271000, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, 271016, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, 271016, China
| | - Chao Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, 271016, China
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Gao S, Liu Y, Ma S, Li L, Mao Y. Clinical observation of posterior scleral reinforcement in the treatment of progressive high myopia in Chinese children: a retrospective study. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:147. [PMID: 35365102 PMCID: PMC8976327 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of posterior sclera reinforcement over time. Methods This retrospective single-arm cohort study included children with high myopia who underwent the modified Snyder-Thompson type posterior sclera reinforcement surgery from 03/2015 to 08/2018 at Fuzhou Children’s Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Axial length (AL), corneal radius of curvature (CRC), AL/CRC, refractive error, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were observed from 1 year before the operation to 2 years after. Results Nineteen children (33 eyes) with high myopia were included. The patients were 4.9 ± 2.7 (range, 2–10) years of age (three patients were 10 years old, all others were ≤ 7 years old). AL increased from 1 year before surgery to 2 years after surgery (from 25.31 ± 1.59 to 26.76 ± 1.52, P < 0.001). The refractive error was smaller 1 year before surgery than at the other timepoints (all P < 0.05). BCVA improved over time (P < 0.001). Changes over time were also observed in horizontal CRC (hCRC), AL/hCRC, AL/vertical CRC (vCRC), and AL/CRC (all P < 0.001), but not in vCRC (P = 0.304). The increase of AL at 2 years after surgery was smaller than at 1 year before surgery and 1 year after surgery (both P < 0.001). The increase of AL/CRC at 2 years after surgery was smaller than at 1 year before surgery (0.04 ± 0.04 vs. 0.07 ± 0.04; P = 0.008). Conclusion In the short term, posterior scleral reinforcement surgery can delay the increase of AL of progressive high myopia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-022-02375-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouming Gao
- Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yuanlong Liu
- Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuting Ma
- Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lixia Li
- Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Mao
- Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Mutational screening of AGRN, SLC39A5, SCO2, P4HA2, BSG, ZNF644, and CPSF1 in a Chinese cohort of 103 patients with nonsyndromic high myopia. Mol Vis 2021; 27:706-717. [PMID: 35002215 PMCID: PMC8684808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose High myopia (HM) is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss in the world. Many myopia loci have been uncovered with linkage analysis, genome-wide association studies, and sequencing analysis. Numerous pathogenic genes within these loci have been detected in a portion of HM cases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the genetic basis of 103 patients with nonsyndromic HM, focusing on the reported causal genes. Methods A total of 103 affected individuals with nonsyndromic HM were recruited, including 101 patients with unrelated sporadic HM and a mother and son pair. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, and genomic DNA samples were extracted from the peripheral blood. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the mother and son pair as well as on the unaffected father. Sanger sequencing was used to identify mutations in the remaining 101 patients. Bioinformatics analysis was subsequently applied to verify the mutations. Results An extremely rare mutation in AGRN (c.2627A>T, p.K876M) was identified in the mother and son pair but not in the unaffected father. Another two mutations in AGRN (c.4787C>T, p.P1596L/c.5056G>A, p.G1686S) were identified in two unrelated patients. A total of eight heterozygous variants potentially affecting the protein function were detected in eight of the remaining 99 patients, including c.1350delC, p.V451Cfs*76 and c.1023_1024insA, p.P342Tfs*41 in SLC39A5; c.244_246delAAG, p.K82del in SCO2; c.545A>G, p.Y182C in P4HA2; c.415C>T, p.P139S in BSG; c.3266A>G, p.Y1089C in ZNF644; and c.2252C>T, p.S751L and c.1708C>T, p.R570C in CPSF1. Multiple bioinformatics analyses were conducted, and a comparison to a group with geographically matched controls was performed, which supported the potential pathogenicity of these variants. Conclusions We provide further evidence for the potential role of AGRN in HM inheritance and enlarged the current genetic spectrum of nonsyndromic HM by comprehensively screening the reported causal genes.
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Qin Q, Bao L, He Z, Chen F, Zhu D, Zhang S, Zhang W, Liu Y, Gao R, Xie Z. Pure ICL Implantation: A Novel Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Device-Free Method. J Ophthalmol 2021; 2021:7363267. [PMID: 34659826 PMCID: PMC8514915 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7363267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the clinical efficiency of a novel ophthalmic viscosurgical device-free (OVD-free) method for intraocular collamer lens (EVO-ICL) implantation in myopic eyes. METHODS In this study, 40 patients underwent ICL implantation for both eyes: one eye underwent traditional ICL implantation, and the other eye underwent OVD-free (pure) ICL implantation. Preoperative and postoperative UDVA, BCVA, equivalent spherical degree (SE), IOP, visual quality index, subjective visual quality scale, corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), operation time, and complications were compared between and within the traditional and pure ICL implantation groups. RESULTS Increased IOP >22 mmHg 2 h after surgery was noted in 8 eyes (20%) in the traditional group, but not in the pure group (0%, P < 0.001). Increased IOP relative to baseline was significantly higher at 2 h after surgery for the traditional group compared with the pure group (P < 0.001). UDVA, BCVA, and SE were significantly improved in the pure group compared with those in the traditional group 1 day (P < 0.001, P=0.003) after implantation, but not 1 week or 3 months after. Modulation transfer function cut-off frequency (MTF cut-off), Strehl ratio (SR), and OV20% were significantly better in the pure group than in the traditional group 1 day after implantation (P=0.013, P=0.009, and P=0.004). No significant difference in ECD changes within or between groups was observed (P > 0.05). The operation time for the pure group (2.897 ± 0.346 min) was significantly shorter than that for the traditional group (4.444 ± 0.656 min; P < 0.001). No complications were reported for either group during the observation period, except early IOP elevation in the traditional group. CONCLUSIONS The pure ICL implantation method was associated with faster visual acuity recovery, shorter operation time, and more stable intraocular pressure. Pure ICL represents a safe and convenient method for ICL implantation compared with the traditional method, completely eliminating OVD-related complications without causing additional complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianyun Bao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zifang He
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiying Gao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenggao Xie
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
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Air Pollutant Particles, PM 2.5, Exposure and Glaucoma in Patients with Diabetes: A National Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189939. [PMID: 34574858 PMCID: PMC8471364 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has reached 20%. Air pollutants with a particle size of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) are a globally recognized risk factor for diabetes and glaucoma. We examined whether the risk of glaucoma would decrease or increase when patients with DM were exposed to different PM2.5 concentrations. Data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan and the Air Quality Monitoring Network between 2008 and 2013. This nested case-control study involved 197 DM patients with glaucoma and 788 DM patients without glaucoma. Cases and controls were matched (1:4) by gender, age (±5 years), and index date (±6 months), and their data were entered in a logistic regression model adjusted for gender, age, urbanization level, income level, and comorbidities. The odds ratio (OR) of glaucoma at PM2.5 exposure concentration in the fourth quartile (Q4) compared with in the first quartile (Q1) was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.084-2.764). For glaucoma risk, the OR was 1.013 (95% CI: 1.006-1.020) at a PM2.5 exposure concentration in Q1, 1.004 (95% CI: 1.001-1.007) in the third quartile (Q3), and 1.003 (95% CI: 1.001-1.004) in Q4. In the subgroup analysis of patients living in non-emerging towns and non-agricultural towns, the OR for glaucoma in Q4 compared with in Q1 was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.229-3.406) and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.091-2.803), respectively (p trend = 0.001 and 0.011). For patients without migraine, the OR for glaucoma was 1.7 (95% CI: 1.074-2.782; p = 0.006). These results demonstrate that, for patients with DM, PM2.5 increased the risk of glaucoma and PM2.5 was an independent risk factor for glaucoma in patients with DM.
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Hwang S, Kang M, Ham DI, Kong M. Genetic Influence on Choroidal Volume. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 224:143-149. [PMID: 33340507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the degree of genetic influence on macular choroidal volume. DESIGN A cross-sectional twin and family study. METHODS In total, 353 Korean adults with healthy eyes from 78 households with 2 or more family members were included in the study. Macular choroidal volume was measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging at 9 macular subfields defined by the ETDRS. Demographics and clinical characteristics were investigated, including age, sex, axial length, hypertension, diabetes, drinking habits, and smoking status. The associations of these factors with macular choroidal volume were assessed using univariate and subsequent multivariate regression analyses while accounting for family structure. The heritability estimates of macular choroidal volume in total and at each of the 9 macular subfields were calculated after adjusting the covariates. RESULTS Patients who were younger, male, and had a shorter axial length showed associations with greater choroidal volume (P < .001 for all 3 independent variables). The covariates-adjusted heritability (±standard error) of the total macular choroidal volume was 0.76 ± 0.06, and the heritabilities of choroidal volume at each subfield ranged from 0.55 ± 0.09 (inner temporal subfield) to 0.77 ± 0.08 (inner superior subfield). CONCLUSION The macular choroidal volume is highly heritable.
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A Bibliometric and Citation Network Analysis of Myopia Genetics. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030447. [PMID: 33801043 PMCID: PMC8003911 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To aim of the study was describe the growth of publications on genetic myopia and understand the current research landscape through the analysis of citation networks, as well as determining the different research areas and the most cited publications. METHODS The Web of Science database was used to perform the publication search, looking for the terms "genetic*" AND "myopia" within the period between 2009 and October 2020. The CitNetExplorer and CiteSpace software were then used to conduct the publication analysis. To obtain the graphics, the VOSviewer software was used. RESULTS A total of 721 publications were found with 2999 citations generated within the network. The year 2019 was singled out as a "key year", taking into account the number of publications that emerged in that year and given that in 2019, 200 loci associated with refractive errors and myopia were found, which is considered to be great progress. The most widely cited publication was "Genome-wide meta-analyses of multiancestry cohorts identify multiple new susceptibility loci for refractive error and myopia", an article by Verhoeven et al., which was published in 2013. By using the clustering function, we were able to establish three groups that encompassed the different research areas within this field: heritability rate of myopia and its possible association with environmental factors, retinal syndromes associated with myopia and the genetic factors that control and influence axial growth of the eye. CONCLUSIONS The citation network offers a comprehensive and objective analysis of the main papers that address genetic myopia.
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Wang WY, Chen C, Chang J, Chien L, Shih YF, Lin LLK, Pang CP, Wang IJ. Pharmacotherapeutic candidates for myopia: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111092. [PMID: 33378986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides insights into the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of myopia and potential targets for clinical intervention. Although the etiology of myopia involves both environmental and genetic factors, recent evidence has suggested that the prevalence and severity of myopia appears to be affected more by environmental factors. Current pharmacotherapeutics are aimed at inhibiting environmentally induced changes in visual input and subsequent changes in signaling pathways during myopia pathogenesis and progression. Recent studies on animal models of myopia have revealed specific molecules potentially involved in the regulation of eye development. Among them, the dopamine receptor plays a critical role in controlling myopia. Subsequent studies have reported pharmacotherapeutic treatments to control myopia progression. In particular, atropine treatment yielded favorable outcomes and has been extensively used; however, current studies are aimed at optimizing its efficacy and confirming its safety. Furthermore, future studies are required to assess the efficacy of combinatorial use of low-dose atropine and contact lenses or orthokeratology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Camille Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Justine Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lillian Chien
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Shih
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Luke L K Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, KLN, Hong Kong, China.
| | - I-Jong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Heritability of Inner Retinal Layer and Outer Retinal Layer Thickness: The Healthy Twin Study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3519. [PMID: 32103112 PMCID: PMC7044332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the heritability of inner retinal layer (IRL) and outer retinal layer (ORL) thicknesses in the healthy Korean population. This was a cross-sectional, twin and family study. We included 374 Korean adults with healthy eyes from 89 families. IRL thickness (from the internal limiting membrane to the external limiting membrane) and ORL thickness (from the external limiting membrane to the outer border of the retinal pigment epithelium layer) were measured in the nine macular subfields as defined by the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study using optical coherence tomography. The heritability on IRL and ORL thicknesses were investigated using a variance decomposition model. The heritability of IRL thickness was 0.87, 0.58, 0.85, 0.89, and 0.74 for the central, inner superior, inner inferior, inner temporal, inner nasal subfields, respectively; and 0.62, 0.83, 0.62, and 0.60 for the outer superior, outer inferior, outer temporal, outer nasal subfields, respectively. The heritability of ORL thickness was 0.56, 0.75, 0.66, 0.72, and 0.56 for the central, inner superior, inner inferior, inner temporal, inner nasal subfields, respectively; and 0.64, 0.63, 0.73, 0.54 for the outer superior, outer inferior, outer temporal, and outer nasal subfields, respectively. The heritability estimates of IRL thickness and ORL thickness ranged from moderate to high. The IRL thickness at the central, inner temporal, and inner inferior subfields had particularly high heritability.
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Hwang S, Kong M, Ko H, Ham DI, Song YM. Genetic influence on macular retinal nerve fibre layer thickness according to retinal subfield. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 104:1448-1452. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background/aimCharacterising genetic effect on macular retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is needed to obtain better understanding of various retinopathies and optic neuropathies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate genetic influence on macular RNFL thickness.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, twin and family study. Three hundred and sixty-two Korean adults with healthy eyes were included in the study from 79 households with two or more family members. Macular RNFL thickness was measured with optical coherence tomography at nine macular subfields defined by the ETDRS. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were estimated to assess intrafamilial resemblance of RNFL thickness by different types of family relationship. Heritability of RNFL thickness was evaluated using variance decomposition model.ResultsRNFL thickness increased from central subfield to outer subfields. Temporal quadrant RNFL was thinner compared with other quadrants. Monozygotic twin pairs showed the highest ICCs of RNFL thickness, although the ICC level varied across different subfields. Heritability of RNFL thickness was the highest at central subfield (0.81). RNFL thicknesses of outer subfields were moderately to highly heritable: 0.53, 0.71, 0.47 and 0.66 for superior, inferior, temporal and nasal fields, respectively. RNFL thicknesses at inner subfields showed the lowest heritability: 0.21, 0.24, 0.27 and 0.27 for superior, inferior, temporal and nasal subfields, respectively.ConclusionMacular RNFL thickness is significantly influenced by genetic factors. It varies largely by subfields with the highest heritability at the central subfield and a relatively lower heritability at inner subfields.
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Qin Q, Wu Z, Bao L, Chen H, Yang L, He Z, Huang Z. Evaluation of visual quality after EVO-ICL implantation for hypermyopia: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17677. [PMID: 31689784 PMCID: PMC6946539 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the visual quality, objective scattering index, aberration, etc after Implantable Collamer Lens with center hole (EVO-ICL) implantation to treat patients with hypermyopia (diopter > -10 D).A total of 30 eyes underwent EVO-ICL implantation. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), equivalent spherical degree, aberration, visual quality parameters, and corneal endothelial cell density were compared preoperative and postoperative. Fill in the National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life Instrument-42 before and after surgery.The modulation transfer function (MTF), Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS) II values (OV 100%, 20%, 9%), and Stahl ratio 1 and 3 months after surgery were higher than the respective preoperative values. The objective scatter index value increased 1 week after surgery, but decreased 1 and 3 months after surgery compared with the preoperative values. Total aberration (TA), total low-order aberration (tLOAs), and defocus decreased at 1 week and 3 months after EVO-ICL implantation. Total high-order aberration (tHOAs) and spherical aberration were significantly increased 1 week after surgery and decreased 3 months after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant. Astigmatism, coma, and clover were not significantly different in each time period. TA, tLOAs, tHOAs, defocus, and spherical aberration were higher at 1 week than 3 months after surgery. At 3 months after surgery, the scores of the patients' NEI-RQL-42 scale were all improved except that the glare was lower than that before surgery. There was no significant difference in the density of corneal endothelial cells before and 3 months after surgery.For patients with hypermyopia, the postoperative subjective and objective visual quality of EVO-ICL implantation was better than preoperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Medical School of Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital
| | - Zhengcan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lianyun Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Medical School of Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital
| | - Zifang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Zhenping Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Medical School of Nanjing Medical University
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital
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Abstract
This case study examined the hypothesis that longer outdoor time results in normal vision and refractive status, using unique genetically informative kinships. The participants were the members of 29-year-old doubly exchanged monozygotic male twin pairs from Bogotá, Colombia, in South America. Comprehensive ophthalmological examinations, including uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, refraction and keratometry, and visual life history interviews were undertaken; all examinations were conducted by two ophthalmologists blind to the hypothesis, relatedness, and rearing status of the four participants. Normal uncorrected vision and refractive status were present in the two rural-raised, unrelated brothers, relative to their urban-raised counterparts. Uncorrected visual acuities were 20/160 and 20/200 for the city-raised twins and 20/20 and 20/30 for the country-raised twins. Premature birth, low birth weight, computer use, and reading time could not explain these differences. It was concluded that time spent outdoors appears to be a significant factor in the development of myopia, reinforcing extant findings via a novel experimental approach.
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Prevalence of and risk factors for refractive error: a cross-sectional study in Han and Mongolian adults aged 40-80 years in Inner Mongolia, China. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:1722-1732. [PMID: 31160702 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for refractive error (RE) in Han and Mongolian adults aged 40-80 years in Inner Mongolia in China and to identify ethnic differences in RE between these populations. METHODS Our cross-sectional study is part of the China National Health Survey (CNHS). The age-adjusted prevalence of RE in Han and Mongolian adults aged 40-80 in Inner Mongolia were compared. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors. RESULTS Among 2090 people, the age-adjusted prevalence of myopia (SE < -0.5D), hyperopia (SE > 0.5D), high myopia (SE < -6.0D) and astigmatism (cylinder ≥ 0.5D) were 29.4% (95% confidence interval (CI), 27.4-31.3%), 28.4% (95% CI, 26.4-30.5%), 3.6% (95% CI, 2.8-4.4%) and 65.9% (95% CI, 63.9-67.9%), respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence of myopia in the Han population was higher than that in the Mongolian population (31.8% vs. 23.0%, p < 0.001), but the prevalence of hyperopia was lower (25.8% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.002). In the multivariable logistic regression, ethnicity was associated with myopia (p = 0.001) and hyperopia (p = 0.001). Myopia was also associated with age, time spent in rural areas (p < 0.001) and middle/high school and undergraduate/graduate education levels (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001, respectively, compared with lower education levels). Additionally, age, height (p = 0.015) and pterygium (p = 0.014) were associated with hyperopia. CONCLUSIONS Ethnicity is closely related to RE in Inner Mongolia in mainland China. Our study investigates differences in prevalence of and risk factors for RE between the Han and Mongolian populations, which could not be explained by differences in the risk factors investigated in this study.
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Sohn EH, Flamme-Wiese MJ, Whitmore SS, Workalemahu G, Marneros AG, Boese EA, Kwon YH, Wang K, Abramoff MD, Tucker BA, Stone EM, Mullins RF. Choriocapillaris Degeneration in Geographic Atrophy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1473-1480. [PMID: 31051169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by degeneration of the choriocapillaris, the vascular supply of retinal photoreceptor cells. We assessed vascular loss during disease progression in the choriocapillaris and larger vessels in the deeper choroid. Human donor maculae from controls (n = 99), early AMD (n = 35), or clinically diagnosed with geographic atrophy (GA; n = 9, collected from outside the zone of retinal pigment epithelium degeneration) were evaluated using Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I labeling to discriminate between vessels with intact endothelial cells and ghost vessels. Morphometric analyses of choriocapillaris density (cross-sectional area of capillary lumens divided by length) and of vascular lumen/stroma ratio in the outer choroid were performed. Choriocapillaris loss was observed in early AMD (Bonferroni-corrected P = 0.024) with greater loss in GA (Bonferroni-corrected P < 10-9), even in areas of intact retinal pigment epithelium. In contrast, changes in lumen/stroma ratio in the outer choroid were not found to differ between controls and AMD or GA eyes (P > 0.05), suggesting choriocapillaris changes are more prevalent in AMD than those in the outer choroid. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor-A levels were negatively correlated with choriocapillaris vascular density. These findings support the concept that choroidal vascular degeneration, predominantly in the microvasculature, contributes to dry AMD progression. Addressing capillary loss in AMD remains an important translational target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott H Sohn
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Miles J Flamme-Wiese
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - S Scott Whitmore
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Grefachew Workalemahu
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Alexander G Marneros
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin A Boese
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Young H Kwon
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael D Abramoff
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Edwin M Stone
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
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Mountford JK, Davies WIL, Griffiths LR, Yazar S, Mackey DA, Hunt DM. Differential stability of variant OPN1LW gene transcripts in myopic patients. Mol Vis 2019; 25:183-193. [PMID: 30996587 PMCID: PMC6441357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In Bornholm eye disease, a defect in the splicing of transcripts from a variant OPN1LW opsin gene leads to a depletion in spliced transcript levels and, consequently, a reduction in photopigment in photoreceptors expressing the variant gene. Methods Myopic and age-matched control subjects were drawn from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study and the Norfolk Island Eye Study groups. The OPN1LW opsin gene was amplified using long-range PCR methodology and was fully sequenced. Expression of variant opsins was evaluated using quantitative PCR (qPCR). RNA secondary structure changes arising from identified variants were predicted by modeling. Results Forty-two nucleotide sites were found to vary across the 111 subjects studied. Of these, 15 had not been previously reported, with three present only in myopic individuals. Expression of these variants in transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells demonstrated that splicing efficiencies were not affected. However, gene transcripts from two of the three variants were significantly depleted. RNA secondary structure modeling predicted that these single nucleotide changes could affect RNA stability. Conclusions None of the variants identified in myopic individuals appeared to alter the efficiency of transcript splicing. However, two resulted in a significant reduction in the number of spliced and unspliced transcripts, indicating an overall reduction in steady-state transcript stability. Such a change would be expected to result in a reduced amount of photopigment, and this may be a contributing factor in the development of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Mountford
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia,Oceans Graduate School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Wayne I. L. Davies
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,UWA Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia,Oceans Graduate School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Lyn R. Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David M. Hunt
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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23
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Tedja MS, Haarman AEG, Meester-Smoor MA, Kaprio J, Mackey DA, Guggenheim JA, Hammond CJ, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW. IMI - Myopia Genetics Report. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:M89-M105. [PMID: 30817828 PMCID: PMC6892384 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on the genetic background of refractive error and myopia has expanded dramatically in the past few years. This white paper aims to provide a concise summary of current genetic findings and defines the direction where development is needed. We performed an extensive literature search and conducted informal discussions with key stakeholders. Specific topics reviewed included common refractive error, any and high myopia, and myopia related to syndromes. To date, almost 200 genetic loci have been identified for refractive error and myopia, and risk variants mostly carry low risk but are highly prevalent in the general population. Several genes for secondary syndromic myopia overlap with those for common myopia. Polygenic risk scores show overrepresentation of high myopia in the higher deciles of risk. Annotated genes have a wide variety of functions, and all retinal layers appear to be sites of expression. The current genetic findings offer a world of new molecules involved in myopiagenesis. As the missing heritability is still large, further genetic advances are needed. This Committee recommends expanding large-scale, in-depth genetic studies using complementary big data analytics, consideration of gene-environment effects by thorough measurement of environmental exposures, and focus on subgroups with extreme phenotypes and high familial occurrence. Functional characterization of associated variants is simultaneously needed to bridge the knowledge gap between sequence variance and consequence for eye growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milly S. Tedja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annechien E. G. Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magda A. Meester-Smoor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremy A. Guggenheim
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie J. M. Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline C. W. Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - for the CREAM Consortium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Menzies Institute of Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Section of Academic Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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24
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Kulkarni S, Shah M, Dole K, Taras S, Deshpande R, Deshpande M. Ocular outcomes and comorbidities in preterm infants enrolled for retinopathy of prematurity screening: A cohort study from western India. Oman J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:10-14. [PMID: 30787528 PMCID: PMC6380145 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_221_2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is emerging as an important cause of childhood blindness in middle-income countries such as India. Although blindness can be prevented in most cases with timely screening and treatment, certain ocular comorbidities can lead to visual impairment. We evaluated and compared 1-year visual, refractive, and structural outcomes and comorbidities in three subsets of preterm infants enrolled for screening of ROP. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Preterm children enrolled in the hospital's ROP screening program and with diagnosis of no ROP, mild ROP, or severe ROP were followed at 1 year of age to evaluate and compare visual, refractive, and structural outcomes as well as the presence of ocular comorbidities. Risk of poor outcome was calculated in children with mild and severe ROP reference population being children without ROP. RESULTS Eyes with severe ROP were at highest risk of poor visual (risk ratio [RR]: 3.5, P < 0.001), refractive (RR: 45, P < 0.001), and structural (RR: 11, P = 0.006) outcome as well as ocular comorbidities (RR 11, P < 0.001). Eyes with mild ROP were at higher risk of myopia (RR: 11, P = 0.06) and ocular comorbidities (RR: 4, P = 0.04). Sixteen (16%) of the eyes without ROP developed poor visual outcome. CONCLUSION Eyes with severe ROP are at highest risk of poor ocular outcomes and comorbidities and need a long-term follow-up. Eyes which do not develop ROP can have poor visual outcome and need to be assessed within the 1st year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucheta Kulkarni
- Department of Retina, PBMA's H. V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukti Shah
- Department of Retina, PBMA's H. V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kuldeep Dole
- Department of Retina, PBMA's H. V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudhir Taras
- Department of Retina, PBMA's H. V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Deshpande
- Department of Retina, PBMA's H. V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madan Deshpande
- Department of Retina, PBMA's H. V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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25
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Qin Q, Bao L, Yang L, He Z, Huang Z. Comparison of visual quality after EVO-ICL implantation and SMILE to select the appropriate surgical method for high myopia. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:21. [PMID: 30732575 PMCID: PMC6367781 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study sought to compare the visual quality between intraocular collamer lens (EVO-ICL) implantation and small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and determine the appropriate surgical method to treat patients with high myopia (− 6.25 to − 10 D). Methods A total of 48 eyes underwent EVO-ICL implantation and another 48 eyes underwent SMILE. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) and equivalent spherical degree were compared across the SMILE (− 6.25 to − 10 D) and EVO-ICL (− 6.25 to − 10 D) implantation groups. Preoperative and postoperative visual quality parameters were compared between and within groups. Results The OQAS II values (OV 100%) one week and one month after surgery and the modulation transfer function (MTF), OV 20% and OV 9% values one week after surgery in the SMILE group were lower than the respective preoperative values. The objective scatter index (OSI) value increased one week as well as one month after surgery compared with the preoperative values. The MTF cut-off value of the SMILE group was lower than that of the EVO-ICL implantation group three months after surgery. Conclusions For patients with high myopia, the postoperative visual quality of EVO- ICL implantation was slightly better than that of SMILE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lianyun Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zifang He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhenping Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Jinling Hospital, No. 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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26
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Wang M, Cui J, Shan G, Peng X, Pan L, Yan Z, Zhang J, Zhong Y, Ma J. Prevalence and risk factors of refractive error: a cross-sectional Study in Han and Yi adults in Yunnan, China. BMC Ophthalmol 2019; 19:33. [PMID: 30683073 PMCID: PMC6347814 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have investigated the prevalence of refractive error (RE) in older adults in China, and most have focused on East China. Our study determined the prevalence and risk factors of RE in Han and Yi adults aged 40–80 years in rural and urban areas in Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Methods Our cross-sectional study is part of the China National Health Survey (CNHS). The age-adjusted prevalence rates of RE in Han and Yi adults aged 40–80 years in Yunnan were compared. We used a multivariate logistic regression model to identify risk factors for myopia and hyperopia. Results Among 1626 participants, the age-adjusted prevalence rates of myopia, hyperopia, high myopia and astigmatism were 26.35% (95%CI 24.01–28.70%), 19.89% (95%CI 18.16–21.61%), 2.64% (95%CI 1.75–3.53%), and 56.82% (95%CI 54.31–59.34%). Compared to the Yi population, the Han population had higher prevalence of myopia (31.50% vs 16.80%, p < 0.0001), high myopia (3.34% vs 1.31%, p = 0.049) and astigmatism (60.07% vs 50.67%, p = 0.026) but lower prevalence of hyperopia (16.58% vs 27.37%, p < 0.0001). In the multivariate logistic regression, individuals aged 45–49 (p < 0.001), 50–54 (p < 0.001), 55–59 (p = 0.014), and 60–64 years (p = 0.005) had a lower myopia risk than those aged 40–44 years, and individuals aged 50–54 (p = 0.002), 55–59, 60–64 and 65 years and older (all p < 0.001) had a higher hyperopia risk than those aged 40–44 years. Myopia was also associated with height (p = 0.035), time spent in rural areas (p = 0.014), undergraduate/graduate education level (p = 0.001, compared with primary school or lower education level) and diabetes (p = 0.008). The Yi population had a higher risk of hyperopia than the Han population (p = 0.025). Moreover, hyperopia was related to time spent in rural areas (p < 0.001) and pterygium (p = 0.019). Conclusions Our study investigated the overall prevalence of RE in older adults in rural and urban areas of Southwest China. Compared to the Yi population, the Han population had a higher prevalence of myopia, high myopia and astigmatism but a lower risk of hyperopia. The prevalence of myopia in the Han population in underdeveloped Southwest China was similar to that of residents in East China or of Chinese Singaporeans under urban or rural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiantao Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guangliang Shan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Peng
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimei Yan
- Institute of Health Education of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Wuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifu Yuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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27
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Liu KY, Sengillo JD, Velez G, Jauregui R, Sakai LY, Maumenee IH, Bassuk AG, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH. Missense mutation in SLIT2 associated with congenital myopia, anisometropia, connective tissue abnormalities, and obesity. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:138. [PMID: 30111362 PMCID: PMC6094464 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SLIT2 is a protein ligand for the Roundabout (ROBO) receptor and was found to play a major role in repulsive midline axon guidance in central nervous system development. Based on studies utilizing knockout models, it has been postulated that SLIT2 is important for preventing inappropriate axonal routing during mammalian optic chiasm development. Methods Case report. Results Here, we report a case of congenital myopia, anisometropia, and obesity in a patient with a SLIT2 point mutation. Examination of the patient’s skin biopsy revealed abnormalities in elastin and collagen fibrils that suggest an underlying connective tissue disorder. Structural modeling placed the novel mutation (p.D1407G) in the EGF-like domain 8 and was predicted to affect interactions with SLIT2 binding partners. Conclusions To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a SLIT2 variant in the context of these ocular findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13023-018-0885-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Y Liu
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jesse D Sengillo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Reading Hospital, West Reading, PA, USA
| | - Gabriel Velez
- Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ruben Jauregui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lynn Y Sakai
- Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University and Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, USA
| | - Irene H Maumenee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Palo Alto Veterans Administration, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, New York, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Stem Cell Initiative (CSCI), Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Harkness Eye Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 635 West 165th Street, Box 212, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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28
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Flitcroft DI, Loughman J, Wildsoet CF, Williams C, Guggenheim JA. Novel Myopia Genes and Pathways Identified From Syndromic Forms of Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:338-348. [PMID: 29346494 PMCID: PMC5773233 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To test the hypothesis that genes known to cause clinical syndromes featuring myopia also harbor polymorphisms contributing to nonsyndromic refractive errors. Methods Clinical phenotypes and syndromes that have refractive errors as a recognized feature were identified using the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. One hundred fifty-four unique causative genes were identified, of which 119 were specifically linked with myopia and 114 represented syndromic myopia (i.e., myopia and at least one other clinical feature). Myopia was the only refractive error listed for 98 genes and hyperopia and the only refractive error noted for 28 genes, with the remaining 28 genes linked to phenotypes with multiple forms of refractive error. Pathway analysis was carried out to find biological processes overrepresented within these sets of genes. Genetic variants located within 50 kb of the 119 myopia-related genes were evaluated for involvement in refractive error by analysis of summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted by the CREAM Consortium and 23andMe, using both single-marker and gene-based tests. Results Pathway analysis identified several biological processes already implicated in refractive error development through prior GWAS analyses and animal studies, including extracellular matrix remodeling, focal adhesion, and axon guidance, supporting the research hypothesis. Novel pathways also implicated in myopia development included mannosylation, glycosylation, lens development, gliogenesis, and Schwann cell differentiation. Hyperopia was found to be linked to a different pattern of biological processes, mostly related to organogenesis. Comparison with GWAS findings further confirmed that syndromic myopia genes were enriched for genetic variants that influence refractive errors in the general population. Gene-based analyses implicated 21 novel candidate myopia genes (ADAMTS18, ADAMTS2, ADAMTSL4, AGK, ALDH18A1, ASXL1, COL4A1, COL9A2, ERBB3, FBN1, GJA1, GNPTG, IFIH1, KIF11, LTBP2, OCA2, POLR3B, POMT1, PTPN11, TFAP2A, ZNF469). Conclusions Common genetic variants within or nearby genes that cause syndromic myopia are enriched for variants that cause nonsyndromic, common myopia. Analysis of syndromic forms of refractive errors can provide new insights into the etiology of myopia and additional potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ian Flitcroft
- Children's University Hospital and University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Loughman
- College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christine F Wildsoet
- Center for Eye Disease and Development, School of Optometry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Cathy Williams
- Bristol Eye Hospital and Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy A Guggenheim
- School of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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29
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Wu H, Jiang L, Zheng R, Luo D, Liu X, Hao F, Jiang Z, Gong B, Yang Z, Shi Y. Genetic Association Study Between the COL11A1 and COL18A1 Genes and High Myopia in a Han Chinese Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:359-365. [PMID: 29781737 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between high myopia (HM) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in collagen, type XI, alpha 1 (COL11A1) and collagen, type XVIII, alpha 1 (COL18A1) genes in a Han Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 869 patients with HM and 804 controls were recruited for this study. The genotyping of five SNPs in COL11A1 and COL18A1 was performed using the SNaPshot method. The genotyping data were analyzed using the χ2 test, and the linkage disequilibrium block structure was calculated and examined by Haploview software. RESULTS No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were identified between HM cases and controls after a Bonferroni correction for multiple tests in the allele frequencies of COL11A1 and COL18A1 SNPs. However, the G allele of rs2236475 showed a susceptible effect for HM (p = 0.016, corrected p = 0.08, odds ratio [OR] = 1.26). Moreover, the carriers of rs2236475GG genotype displayed an increased risk of HM compared with the rs2236475AA and rs2236475AG+AA genotypes (p = 0.008, OR = 1.79, confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.18-2.64, uncorrected; p = 0.012, OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.12-2.57, corrected, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that common polymorphisms in these two candidate genes were unlikely to play major roles in the genetic susceptibility to HM. Nevertheless, to avoid filtering real myopia genes, the role of COL11A1 and COL18A1 in the pathogenesis of myopia requires more refinement in both animal models and human genetic epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wu
- 1 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, China .,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxi Jiang
- 1 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- 1 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, China
| | - Dongyan Luo
- 1 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Hao
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhilin Jiang
- 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Gong
- 1 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, China .,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- 1 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, China .,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Shi
- 1 Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu, China .,2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu, China .,3 Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital , Chengdu, China
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Shukla P, Verma H, Patel S, Patra PK, Bhaskar LVKS. Reply to comment on: "Ocular manifestations of sickle cell disease and genetic susceptibility for refractive errors". Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2018; 8:56-57. [PMID: 29676405 PMCID: PMC5890588 DOI: 10.4103/2211-5056.226191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Palak Shukla
- Research Division, Sickle Cell Institute Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Henu Verma
- Research Division, Sickle Cell Institute Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Santosh Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pt. JNM Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - P K Patra
- Department of Biochemistry, Chhattisgarh Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - L V K S Bhaskar
- Research Division, Sickle Cell Institute Chhattisgarh, India
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Paylakhi S, Labelle-Dumais C, Tolman NG, Sellarole MA, Seymens Y, Saunders J, Lakosha H, deVries WN, Orr AC, Topilko P, John SWM, Nair KS. Müller glia-derived PRSS56 is required to sustain ocular axial growth and prevent refractive error. PLoS Genet 2018. [PMID: 29529029 PMCID: PMC5864079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A mismatch between optical power and ocular axial length results in refractive errors. Uncorrected refractive errors constitute the most common cause of vision loss and second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Although the retina is known to play a critical role in regulating ocular growth and refractive development, the precise factors and mechanisms involved are poorly defined. We have previously identified a role for the secreted serine protease PRSS56 in ocular size determination and PRSS56 variants have been implicated in the etiology of both hyperopia and myopia, highlighting its importance in refractive development. Here, we use a combination of genetic mouse models to demonstrate that Prss56 mutations leading to reduced ocular size and hyperopia act via a loss of function mechanism. Using a conditional gene targeting strategy, we show that PRSS56 derived from Müller glia contributes to ocular growth, implicating a new retinal cell type in ocular size determination. Importantly, we demonstrate that persistent activity of PRSS56 is required during distinct developmental stages spanning the pre- and post-eye opening periods to ensure optimal ocular growth. Thus, our mouse data provide evidence for the existence of a molecule contributing to both the prenatal and postnatal stages of human ocular growth. Finally, we demonstrate that genetic inactivation of Prss56 rescues axial elongation in a mouse model of myopia caused by a null mutation in Egr1. Overall, our findings identify PRSS56 as a potential therapeutic target for modulating ocular growth aimed at preventing or slowing down myopia, which is reaching epidemic proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyedhassan Paylakhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Cassandre Labelle-Dumais
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Nicholas G Tolman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Sellarole
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yusef Seymens
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Saunders
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Hesham Lakosha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Wilhelmine N. deVries
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
| | - Andrew C. Orr
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Piotr Topilko
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS (IBENS), and Inserm U1024, and CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, France
| | - Simon WM. John
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - K. Saidas Nair
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Allergic Conjunctivitis-induced Retinal Inflammation Promotes Myopia Progression. EBioMedicine 2018; 28:274-286. [PMID: 29398596 PMCID: PMC5835569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is a highly prevalent eye disease. There is limited information suggesting a relationship between myopia and inflammation. We found children with allergic conjunctivitis (AC) had the highest adjusted odds ratio (1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.72-1.77) for myopia among the four allergic diseases. A cohort study was conducted and confirmed that children with AC had a higher incidence and subsequent risk of myopia (hazard ratio 2.35, 95%CI 2.29-2.40) compared to those without AC. Lower refractive error and longer axial length were observed in an AC animal model. Myopia progression was enhanced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or interleukin (IL)-6 administration, two cytokines secreted by mast cell degranulation. The TNF-α or IL-6 weakened the tight junction formed by corneal epithelial (CEP) cells and inflammatory cytokines across the layer of CEP cells, which increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 secreted by retinal pigment epithelial cells. The expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and nuclear factor kappa B were up-regulated in eyes with AC, whereas IL-10 and the inhibitor of kappa B were down-regulated. In conclusion, the experimental findings in mice corroborate the epidemiological data showing that allergic inflammation influences the development of myopia.
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Melikhova MV, Gatsu MV, Boiko EV, Fokin VA, Trufanov GE. [Dome-shaped macula: features of differential diagnostics with clinical examples]. Vestn Oftalmol 2018; 134:86-94. [PMID: 29953087 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2018134386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The phenomenon of dome-shaped macula (DSM) constitutes protrusion of membranes of the posterior pole of the eye toward the vitreous body due to local thickening of sclera layers. The phenomenon was detected using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). In uncomplicated forms of DSM, all layers of the retina are contiguous, but the setting of DSM can involve a number of pathological conditions causing decrease in vision. One of the most often described concurrent conditions in DSM is serous retinal detachment (SRD). Such complicated forms of DSM are often masked as a non-pigmented neoplasm of the choroid, in particular hemangioma (HC). PURPOSE To demonstrate the possibilities of differential diagnostics of DSM with HC using modern instrumental diagnostic methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved two clinical cases of patients with DSM and HC, who underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examination including EDI-OCT and OCT angiography, fluorescent angiography (FA), indocyanine-green angiography (ICG) and magnetic resonance imaging of brain and orbits (MRI). RESULTS The most simple and highly informative method for differential diagnostic of DSM with HC is currently EDI-OCT. In difficult differential diagnostic cases, it is recommended to use FA and MRI. Additionally, for identification of the cause of SRD in DSM, OCT-angiography and ICG-angiography can be used. Thus, diagnostics of DSM is difficult today primarily because of the low awareness of ophthalmologists about the presence of such macula pathology. Detection of this anatomical feature by means of ophthalmoscopy alone can be difficult and requires special skills and experience. The use of EDI-OCT, as well as FA and MRI in difficult differential diagnostic cases, and correct interpretation of the obtained data can help avoid diagnostic errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Melikhova
- Saint Petersburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 21 Yaroslava Gasheka St., St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 192283
| | - M V Gatsu
- Saint Petersburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 21 Yaroslava Gasheka St., St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 192283; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya St., St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 191015
| | - E V Boiko
- Saint Petersburg branch of S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 21 Yaroslava Gasheka St., St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 192283; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I Mechnikov, 41 Kirochnaya St., St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 191015
| | - V A Fokin
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova St., St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
| | - G E Trufanov
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 2 Akkuratova St., St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, 197341
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Abstract
The incidence of myopia is constantly on the rise. Patients of high myopia and pathological myopia are young and can lose vision due to a number of degenerative changes occurring at the macula. With the emergence of new technologies such as swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography, our understanding of macular pathology in myopia has improved significantly. New conditions such as myopic traction maculopathy have been defined. Early, noninvasive detection of myopic choroidal neovascularization and its differentiation from lacquer cracks is possible with a greater degree of certainty. We discuss the impact of these new exciting and promising technologies and management of macular pathology in myopia. Incorporation of OCT in the microscope has also improved macular surgery. New concepts such as fovea-sparing internal limiting membrane peeling have emerged. A review of literature and our experience in managing all these conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar
- Vitreo-Retina and Uveitis Service, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Chawla
- Vitreo-Retina and Uveitis Service, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Kumawat
- Vitreo-Retina and Uveitis Service, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ganesh Pillay
- Vitreo-Retina and Uveitis Service, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Yang J, Reinach PS, Zhang S, Pan M, Sun W, Liu B, Li F, Li X, Zhao A, Chen T, Jia W, Qu J, Zhou X. Changes in retinal metabolic profiles associated with form deprivation myopia development in guinea pigs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2777. [PMID: 28584257 PMCID: PMC5459838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal metabolic changes have been suggested to be associated with myopia development. However, little is known about either their identity or time dependent behavior during this sight compromising process. To address these questions, gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) was applied to compare guinea pig retinal metabolite levels in form deprivation (FD) eyes at 3 days and 2 weeks post FD with normal control (NC) eyes. Orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) models discriminated between time dependent retinal metabolic profiles in the presence and absence of FD. Myopia severity was associated with more metabolic pattern differences in the FD than in the NC eyes. After 3 days of FD, 11 metabolite levels changed and after 2 weeks the number of differences increased to 16. Five metabolites continuously decreased during two weeks of FD. Two-way ANOVA of the changes identified by OPLS indicates that 15 out of the 22 metabolites differences were significant. Taken together, these results suggest that myopia progression is associated with an inverse relationship between increases in glucose accumulation and lipid level decreases in form-deprived guinea pig eyes. Such changes indicate that metabolomic studies are an informative approach to identify time dependent retinal metabolic alterations associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglei Yang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaozhen Pan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenfeng Sun
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fen Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health, China, and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Trio-based exome sequencing arrests de novo mutations in early-onset high myopia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:4219-4224. [PMID: 28373534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615970114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of the highly myopic condition has been unclear for decades. We investigated the genetic contributions to early-onset high myopia (EOHM), which is defined as having a refraction of less than or equal to -6 diopters before the age of 6, when children are less likely to be exposed to high educational pressures. Trios (two nonmyopic parents and one child) were examined to uncover pathogenic mutations using whole-exome sequencing. We identified parent-transmitted biallelic mutations or de novo mutations in as-yet-unknown or reported genes in 16 probands. Interestingly, an increased rate of de novo mutations was identified in the EOHM patients. Among the newly identified candidate genes, a BSG mutation was identified in one EOHM proband. Expanded screening of 1,040 patients found an additional four mutations in the same gene. Then, we generated Bsg mutant mice to further elucidate the functional impact of this gene and observed typical myopic phenotypes, including an elongated axial length. Using a trio-based exonic screening study in EOHM, we deciphered a prominent role for de novo mutations in EOHM patients without myopic parents. The discovery of a disease gene, BSG, provides insights into myopic development and its etiology, which expands our current understanding of high myopia and might be useful for future treatment and prevention.
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Bio-environmental factors associated with myopia: An updated review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 92:307-325. [PMID: 28162831 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies in animals, as well as observational and intervention studies in humans, seem to support the premise that the development of juvenile myopia is promoted by a combination of the effect of genetic and environmental factors, with a complex interaction between them. The very rapid increase in myopia rates in some parts of the world, such as Southeast Asia, supports a significant environmental effect. Several lines of evidence suggest that humans might respond to various external factors, such as increased activity in near vision, increased educational pressure, decreased exposure to sunlight outdoors, dietary changes (including increased intake of carbohydrates), as well as low light levels indoors. All these factors could be associated with a higher prevalence of myopia.
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Jiang B, Huo Y, Gu Y, Wang J. The role of microRNAs in myopia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 255:7-13. [PMID: 27837278 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In recent years, research on microRNAs (miRNAs) has become popular because of the critical role these macromolecules play in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Recent efforts have been made to identify miRNAs and their possible roles in myopia. The aim of this review was to summarize the expression and function of miRNAs during the development of myopia. METHODS In this article, we reviewed the current research on the mechanisms that regulate miRNA expression, the potential for miRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker for myopia, and the mechanisms by which miRNAs promote the development of myopia. We also discussed the miRNA expression profiles in human fetal sclera. RESULTS We summarized the miRNA expression profiles in myopia, including miR-328, miR-184, miR-29a, and miR-let-7i, and also the miRNA expression profiles in fetal sclera, including miR-214, miR-let-7, miR-103, miR-107, miR-29b, miR-328, and miR-98. CONCLUSIONS Such knowledge could lead to more precise diagnosis, prognosis, and response predictions for future treatments for myopia, and the pace of discovery is expected to accelerate dramatically in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Yanan Huo
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangshun Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Jianyong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
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Abstract
Pathologic myopia (PM) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. The pathophysiology of PM is not fully understood, but the axial elongation of the eye followed by chorioretinal thinning is suggested as a key mechanism. Pathologic myopia may lead to many complications such as chorioretinal atrophy, foveoschisis, choroidal neovascularization, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, cataract, and glaucoma. Some complications affect visual acuity significantly, showing poor visual prognosis. This article aims to review the types, pathophysiology, treatment, and visual outcome of the complications of PM.
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Galvis V, Tello A, Parra MM, Merayo-Lloves J, Larrea J, Julian Rodriguez C, Camacho PA. Topical Atropine in the Control of Myopia. MEDICAL HYPOTHESIS, DISCOVERY & INNOVATION OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 5:78-88. [PMID: 28293653 PMCID: PMC5347209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Atropine has been used for more than a century to arrest myopia progression. Compelling evidence of its protective effect has been reported in well-designed clinical studies, mainly performed during the last two decades. However, its exact mechanism of action has not been determined. Experimental findings have shown that the mechanism is not related to accommodation, as was thought for decades. A review of the published literature revealed a significant amount of evidence supporting its safety and efficacy at a concentration of 1.0%, and at lower concentrations (as low as 0.01%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio Galvis
- Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Tello
- Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | - M Margarita Parra
- Centro Oftalmologico Virgilio Galvis, Floridablanca, Colombia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | | | - Jaime Larrea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Floridablanca, Colombia
| | | | - Paul Anthony Camacho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autonoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Floridablanca, Colombia; Fundacion Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL, Floridablanca, Colombia
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Garcia-Lievanos O, Sanchez-Gonzalez L, Espinosa-Cruz N, Hernandez-Flores LA, Salmeron-Leal L, Torres-Rodriguez HD. Myopia in schoolchildren in a rural community in the State of Mexico, Mexico. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2016; 8:53-56. [PMID: 30214349 PMCID: PMC6095373 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s88353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study sought to determine the prevalence of myopia in schoolchildren of a rural population in Mexico. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 317 children between 6 and 12 years old. A complete refractive examination was performed, including static retinoscopy without cycloplegic agents. All procedures were conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. RESULTS In total, 9.7% (95% CI: 13.07-6.52) of the examined children were myopic (spherical equivalent ≤ -0.50 D), 4.4% (95% CI: 6.66-2.14) presented astigmatism (cylinder ≤ -1.50 D), and 5.4% (95% CI: 7.89-2.91) presented hyperopia (spherical equivalent ≥ +0.50 D). CONCLUSION Additional research is required to assess the prevalence of refractive errors in rural areas in Mexico, to analyze the associated risk factors, and to implement appropriate eye care plans for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Garcia-Lievanos
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN), Ex-Hacienda del Mayorazgo, Mexico City, Mexico,
| | | | - Nadia Espinosa-Cruz
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN), Ex-Hacienda del Mayorazgo, Mexico City, Mexico,
| | | | - Leonel Salmeron-Leal
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN), Ex-Hacienda del Mayorazgo, Mexico City, Mexico,
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Meng B, LI SM, Yang Y, Yang ZR, Sun F, Kang MT, Sun YY, Ran AR, Wang JN, Yan R, BaI YW, Wang NL, Zhan SY. The association of TGFB1 genetic polymorphisms with high myopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:20355-20367. [PMID: 26884952 PMCID: PMC4723797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The TGFB1 gene is among the most studied genes in high myopia due to its role in scleral remodeling. But reported findings of association on TGFB1 and high myopia are inconsistent. This present study is to evaluate the association of TGFB1 polymorphisms and high myopia. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted on studies published up to April 5, 2015. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were analyzed. Heterogeneity across studies was evaluated by Cochran Q statistic test and the I(2) index. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by the approach of one-study remove to assess the influence of single study on the combined effect. RESULTS Eight studies were included in this study for meta-analysis. Rs1982073 was associated with high myopia in dominant model (OR=1.64; 95% CI=1.04~2.58; P<0.05), heterozygous model (OR=1.54; 95% CI=1.02~2.33; P<0.05), homozygous model (OR=1.90; 95% CI=1.01~3.55; P=0.05) and allelic model (OR=1.36; 95% CI=1.01~1.84; P=0.05). However, there was no statistical significance when Bonferroni correction was considered. Rs4803455 was associated with high myopia in recessive model (OR=0.40; 95% CI=0.25~0.64; P<0.01) and homozygous model (OR=0.42; 95% CI=0.26~0.68; P<0.01). Rs1800469 was associated with high myopia in allelic model (OR=0.78; 95% CI=0.64~0.96; P<0.05). And the associations can withstand Bonferroni correction in models mentioned above when referring to rs4803455 (P<0.01) and rs1800469 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysis of existing data revealed a suggestive association of TGFB1 rs1982073 and rs4803455 with high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science CentreBeijing 100191, China
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Shi-Ming LI
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science CentreBeijing 100191, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science CentreBeijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science CentreBeijing 100191, China
| | - Meng-Tian Kang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Yun-Yun Sun
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - An-Ran Ran
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Ran Yan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Ya-Wen BaI
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Ning-Li Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100005, China
| | - Si-Yan Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science CentreBeijing 100191, China
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Qanbari S, Seidel M, Strom TM, Mayer KFX, Preisinger R, Simianer H. Parallel Selection Revealed by Population Sequencing in Chicken. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:3299-306. [PMID: 26568375 PMCID: PMC4700953 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-driven selection during domestication and subsequent breed formation has likely left detectable signatures within the genome of modern chicken. The elucidation of these signatures of selection is of interest from the perspective of evolutionary biology, and for identifying genes relevant to domestication and improvement that ultimately may help to further genetically improve this economically important animal. We used whole genome sequence data from 50 hens of commercial white (WL) and brown (BL) egg-laying chicken along with pool sequences of three meat-type chicken to perform a systematic screening of past selection in modern chicken. Evidence of positive selection was investigated in two steps. First, we explored evidence of parallel fixation in regions with overlapping elevated allele frequencies in replicated populations of layers and broilers, suggestive of selection during domestication or preimprovement ages. We confirmed parallel fixation in BCDO2 and TSHR genes and found four candidates including AGTR2, a gene heavily involved in “Ascites” in commercial birds. Next, we explored differentiated loci between layers and broilers suggestive of selection during improvement in chicken. This analysis revealed evidence of parallel differentiation in genes relevant to appearance and production traits exemplified with the candidate gene OPG, implicated in Osteoporosis, a disorder related to overconsumption of calcium in egg-laying hens. Our results illustrate the potential for population genetic techniques to identify genomic regions relevant to the phenotypes of importance to breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Qanbari
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Seidel
- Institute of Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tim-Mathias Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Institute of Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Henner Simianer
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
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Zhang X, Zhou X, Qu X. The association between IGF-1 polymorphisms and high myopia. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:10158-10167. [PMID: 26309715 PMCID: PMC4538016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential association between IGF-1 polymorphisms and high myopia has been investigated in previous studies, but the actual relationship remains controversial. Accordingly, we conducted a meta-analysisincludingcase-control and cohort studies to assess the existing relationship between high myopia and IGF-1 polymorphisms. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and OVID. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in the studies obtained from the retrospective database search. Analyses of heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias were also conducted. The findings from this meta-analysis were based on approximately 2,187 high myopia cases and 1,183 controls, and were used to assess the association between three IGF-1 genetic polymorphisms (rs6214, rs12423791, and rs5742632) and high myopia risks. We investigated the association of the IGF-1 gene SNP rs6214, but no statistical association was observed in the resulting odds ratios (OR) in the allelic (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.89-1.25), dominant (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.90-1.27), or recessive models (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.89-1.26), or in the homozygote (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.91-1.38) and heterozygote comparisons (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.88-1.27). Simultaneously, two other selected SNPs, rs12423791 and rs5742632, were also studied, but similarly, no statistical association existed between these polymorphisms and the risk of high myopia. In conclusions, no statistical association between IGF-1 polymorphisms (rs6214, rs12423791, and rs5742632) and the risk of high myopia was observed following the reported meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Myopia Key Laboratory of The Health MinistryShanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Myopia Key Laboratory of The Health MinistryShanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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Guggenheim JA, St Pourcain B, McMahon G, Timpson NJ, Evans DM, Williams C. Assumption-free estimation of the genetic contribution to refractive error across childhood. Mol Vis 2015; 21:621-32. [PMID: 26019481 PMCID: PMC4445077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies in relatives have generally yielded high heritability estimates for refractive error: twins 75-90%, families 15-70%. However, because related individuals often share a common environment, these estimates are inflated (via misallocation of unique/common environment variance). We calculated a lower-bound heritability estimate for refractive error free from such bias. METHODS Between the ages 7 and 15 years, participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) underwent non-cycloplegic autorefraction at regular research clinics. At each age, an estimate of the variance in refractive error explained by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic variants was calculated using genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) using high-density genome-wide SNP genotype information (minimum N at each age=3,404). RESULTS The variance in refractive error explained by the SNPs ("SNP heritability") was stable over childhood: Across age 7-15 years, SNP heritability averaged 0.28 (SE=0.08, p<0.001). The genetic correlation for refractive error between visits varied from 0.77 to 1.00 (all p<0.001) demonstrating that a common set of SNPs was responsible for the genetic contribution to refractive error across this period of childhood. Simulations suggested lack of cycloplegia during autorefraction led to a small underestimation of SNP heritability (adjusted SNP heritability=0.35; SE=0.09). To put these results in context, the variance in refractive error explained (or predicted) by the time participants spent outdoors was <0.005 and by the time spent reading was <0.01, based on a parental questionnaire completed when the child was aged 8-9 years old. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variation captured by common SNPs explained approximately 35% of the variation in refractive error between unrelated subjects. This value sets an upper limit for predicting refractive error using existing SNP genotyping arrays, although higher-density genotyping in larger samples and inclusion of interaction effects is expected to raise this figure toward twin- and family-based heritability estimates. The same SNPs influenced refractive error across much of childhood. Notwithstanding the strong evidence of association between time outdoors and myopia, and time reading and myopia, less than 1% of the variance in myopia at age 15 was explained by crude measures of these two risk factors, indicating that their effects may be limited, at least when averaged over the whole population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George McMahon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cathy Williams
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Zhang X, Zhou X, Qu X. Association between COL1A1 polymorphisms and high myopia: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:5862-5868. [PMID: 26131177 PMCID: PMC4483928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of the association between COL1A1 polymorphisms and high myopia risk have yielded conflicting results. To help resolve the discrepancies, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate the relationship between COL1A1 polymorphisms and high myopia risk. METHODS We searched for case-control and cohort studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and OVID. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also analyzed heterogeneity and publication bias. RESULTS This meta-analysis was based on five studies of rs2075555 (1,944 high myopia cases and 3,060 controls), and three studies of rs2269336 (1,454 high myopia cases and 1,512 controls). The combined results showed an association between rs2075555 and high myopia in the dominant (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.71-0.99) and homozygote models (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64-0.97). In the recessive model for rs2269336, OR was 1.26 (95% CI = 1.05-1.50); in the heterozygote model, OR was 0.81 (95% CI = 0.69-0.96). Begg's and Egger's tests for rs2075555 showed no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests COL1A1 rs2075555 is a potential low risk factor for high myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Myopia Key Laboratory of The Health MinistryShanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Myopia Key Laboratory of The Health MinistryShanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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Zhang X, Qu X, Zhou X. Association between parental myopia and the risk of myopia in a child. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:2420-2428. [PMID: 26136998 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between parental myopia and a child's risk of developing the condition is not well understood. Therefore, the present study conducted a meta-analysis of the results of observational studies in order to investigate the association between myopia in parents and their child's risk of developing the condition. The current study systematically examined the databases MEDLINE, Embase and Ovid for relevant studies. Two reviewers independently evaluated the data and extracted the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the suitable studies. Heterogeneity, publication bias and subgroup analyses were performed. The present meta-analysis included 31,677 participants from 16 studies with 8,393 cases of myopia (six prospective cohort, eight cross-sectional and two case-control studies). The OR of giving birth to a child with myopia, according to the prospective cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies, was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.21-1.85), 1.96 (95% CI, 1.53-2.39), and 2.13 (95% CI, 1.79-2.46), respectively, when one parent had myopia, and 2.10 (95% CI, 1.42-2.77), 2.96 (95% CI, 2.21-3.71), and 2.13 (95% CI, 1.79-2.46), respectively, when two parents had myopia. The current study identified a significant positive association between parental myopia and a child's risk of developing myopia. Children of two parents with myopia had a higher risk of developing myopia compared to those with one myopic parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Myopia Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry, Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Qu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Myopia Key Laboratory of the Health Ministry, Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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Hudson DM, Joeng KS, Werther R, Rajagopal A, Weis M, Lee BH, Eyre DR. Post-translationally abnormal collagens of prolyl 3-hydroxylase-2 null mice offer a pathobiological mechanism for the high myopia linked to human LEPREL1 mutations. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8613-22. [PMID: 25645914 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.634915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia, the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, results from an increase in the axial length of the eyeball. Mutations in LEPREL1, the gene encoding prolyl 3-hydroxylase-2 (P3H2), have recently been identified in individuals with recessively inherited nonsyndromic severe myopia. P3H2 is a member of a family of genes that includes three isoenzymes of prolyl 3-hydroxylase (P3H), P3H1, P3H2, and P3H3. Fundamentally, it is understood that P3H1 is responsible for converting proline to 3-hydroxyproline. This limited additional knowledge also suggests that each isoenzyme has evolved different collagen sequence-preferred substrate specificities. In this study, differences in prolyl 3-hydroxylation were screened in eye tissues from P3h2-null (P3h2(n/n)) and wild-type mice to seek tissue-specific effects due the lack of P3H2 activity on post-translational collagen chemistry that could explain myopia. The mice were viable and had no gross musculoskeletal phenotypes. Tissues from sclera and cornea (type I collagen) and lens capsule (type IV collagen) were dissected from mouse eyes, and multiple sites of prolyl 3-hydroxylation were identified by mass spectrometry. The level of prolyl 3-hydroxylation at multiple substrate sites from type I collagen chains was high in sclera, similar to tendon. Almost every known site of prolyl 3-hydroxylation in types I and IV collagen from P3h2(n/n) mouse eye tissues was significantly under-hydroxylated compared with their wild-type littermates. We conclude that altered collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation is caused by loss of P3H2. We hypothesize that this leads to structural abnormalities in multiple eye tissues, but particularly sclera, causing progressive myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hudson
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Kyu Sang Joeng
- the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Rachel Werther
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Abbhirami Rajagopal
- the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
| | - Brendan H Lee
- the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - David R Eyre
- From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 and
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McMonnies CW. Clinical prediction of the need for interventions for the control of myopia. Clin Exp Optom 2014; 98:518-26. [PMID: 25346495 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of myopia is increasing in Western populations but in East Asian countries, it is increasing to epidemic levels, where there are also markedly increased rates of progression to pathological myopia. Measures to more effectively control the development and progression of myopia are urgently needed. Notwithstanding a large volume of research, especially regarding the different mechanisms for the development of myopia and the efficacy of particular methods of intervention, there is still a great need and scope for improvements in clinical efforts to prevent and/or control myopic progression. Too often clinical efforts may involve only one method of intervention; however, the heterogenous nature of myopia suggests that clinical intervention may be more successful when interventions are employed in combination. The decision to prescribe interventions for the control of myopia in children, especially prior to onset, may be better framed by a comprehensive estimation of the degree of risk for the development and/or progression of myopia. For example, rather than ascribing equal weight to any degree of parental myopia, more accurate estimates may be obtained, if risk is judged to increase with the degree of parental myopia and the extent of any associated degenerative pathology. Risk estimates may be limited to broad mild, moderate and severe classifications due to lack of accurate weighting of risk factors. Nevertheless, comprehensive assessment of risk factors appears likely to better inform a prognosis and discussions with parents. Consideration of numerous environmental influences, for example, such as continuity and intensity of near work and time spent outdoors, may contribute to better risk estimation. Family-based practice appears to be ideally suited for risk estimation and the clinical application of approaches to control myopia. A proactive approach to estimating risk of developing myopia prior to its onset may be beneficial. Earlier implementation of interventions to control myopia could significantly reduce the chance of progression to pathological myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W McMonnies
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.
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He M, Wang W, Ragoonundun D, Huang W. Meta-analysis of the association between lumican gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to high Myopia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98748. [PMID: 24956166 PMCID: PMC4067286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Many studies have evaluated the association between lumican (LUM) gene polymorphisms and high myopia. However, the results remain controversial. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between two common LUM polymorphisms (rs3759223 and rs3759222) and the risk of high myopia. Methods A comprehensive literature search for studies published up until September of 2013 was performed. Data were extracted independently by two investigators, and the weighted Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for the associations were obtained by using a random-effects model. Results Eight studies (1425cases and 1271 controls) were identified for the analysis of the association between rs3759223 polymorphism and high myopia. The results indicated that rs3759223 polymorphism was associated with high myopia under a recessive model (OR = 1.71, 95%CI 1.04–2.81). Further subgroup analysis indicated that this polymorphism was associated with high myopia among Chinese people in the additive model (OR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.06–1.29) and a recessive model (OR = 1.75, 95%CI 1.00–3.06) with control group coming from hospital based population. Four studies (1024 cases and 1163 controls) were identified for the analysis of the association between rs3759222 polymorphism and high myopia. The results indicated that rs3759222 polymorphism was not associated with high myopia in all genetic models, even the subgroup analysis couldn't provide relative proof to assure the outcome. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that LUM polymorphisms are associated with the risk of high myopia. However, well-designed studies with larger sample sizes and more ethnic groups are required to further validate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dina Ragoonundun
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyong Huang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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