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Jamshidi S, Rostami A, Shojaei S, Taherkhani A, Taherkhani H. Exploring natural anthraquinones as potential MMP2 inhibitors: A computational study. Biosystems 2024; 235:105103. [PMID: 38123060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) plays a significant role in cleaving extracellular matrix components, leading to many cancer cells' progression and invasion behavior. Therefore, MMP2 inhibition may hold promise for cancer treatment. Anthraquinones have shown antineoplastic effects, some of which have been used in clinical practice as anticancer drugs. This study used a computational drug discovery approach to assess the possible inhibitory effects of selected anthraquinones on MMP2. The results were then compared with that of Captopril, which was considered a standard drug. METHODS This study used the AutoDock 4.0 tool to evaluate the binding affinity of 21 anthraquinones to the MMP2 catalytic domain. The most favorable scores based on the Gibbs free binding energy scores were given to the highest-ranked ligands. The Discovery Studio Visualizer tool illustrated interactions between MMP2 residues and top-ranked anthraquinones. RESULTS A total of 12 anthraquinones were identified with ΔGbinding scores less than - 10 kcal/mol. Pulmatin (Chrysophanol-8-glucoside) was the most potent MMP2 inhibitor, with a ΔGbinding score of - 12.91 kcal/mol. This anthraquinone was able to restrict MMP2 activity within a picomolar range. CONCLUSION MMP2 inhibition by anthraquinones, notably Pulmatin, may be a useful therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Jamshidi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ali Rostami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Setareh Shojaei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Heshmatollah Taherkhani
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Schoutrop E, Moyano-Galceran L, Lheureux S, Mattsson J, Lehti K, Dahlstrand H, Magalhaes I. Molecular, cellular and systemic aspects of epithelial ovarian cancer and its tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:207-223. [PMID: 35395389 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer encompasses a heterogeneous group of malignancies that involve the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the peritoneal cavity. Despite major advances made within the field of cancer, the majority of patients with ovarian cancer are still being diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease due to lack of effective screening tools. The overall survival of these patients has, therefore, not substantially improved over the past decades. Most patients undergo debulking surgery and treatment with chemotherapy, but often micrometastases remain and acquire resistance to the therapy, eventually leading to disease recurrence. Here, we summarize the current knowledge in epithelial ovarian cancer development and metastatic progression. For the most common subtypes, we focus further on the properties and functions of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix. Current and future treatment modalities are discussed and finally we provide an overview of the different experimental models used to develop novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Schoutrop
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lidia Moyano-Galceran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Lheureux
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Gloria and Seymour Epstein Chair in Cell Therapy and Transplantation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanna Dahlstrand
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medical unit Pelvic Cancer, Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Isabelle Magalhaes
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Carroll MJ, Kaipio K, Hynninen J, Carpen O, Hautaniemi S, Page D, Kreeger PK. A Subset of Secreted Proteins in Ascites Can Predict Platinum-Free Interval in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174291. [PMID: 36077825 PMCID: PMC9454800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The time between the last cycle of chemotherapy and recurrence, the platinum-free interval (PFI), predicts overall survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). To identify secreted proteins associated with a shorter PFI, we utilized machine learning to predict the PFI from ascites composition. Ascites from stage III/IV HGSOC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) or primary debulking surgery (PDS) were screened for secreted proteins and Lasso regression models were built to predict the PFI. Through regularization techniques, the number of analytes used in each model was reduced; to minimize overfitting, we utilized an analysis of model robustness. This resulted in models with 26 analytes and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 19 days for the NACT cohort and 16 analytes and an RMSE of 7 days for the PDS cohort. High concentrations of MMP-2 and EMMPRIN correlated with a shorter PFI in the NACT patients, whereas high concentrations of uPA Urokinase and MMP-3 correlated with a shorter PFI in PDS patients. Our results suggest that the analysis of ascites may be useful for outcome prediction and identified factors in the tumor microenvironment that may lead to worse outcomes. Our approach to tuning for model stability, rather than only model accuracy, may be applicable to other biomarker discovery tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly J. Carroll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Katja Kaipio
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Carpen
- Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Hautaniemi
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Page
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pamela K. Kreeger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ding Q, Wang H, Wang Y, Lu Y. A thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitor pyrano [3,2-a] phenazine inhibits A549 cells proliferation and migration through the induction of reactive oxygen species production. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8835-8845. [PMID: 35780225 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitor, pyrano [3,2-a] phenazine, named CPUL-1, was synthesized with potential anticancer activity. The aim of the present work was to explore the potential anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic ability of CPUL-1 against A549 cancer cell lines in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS First, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay was used to assess cell proliferation. The A549 cell migration was evaluated by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Second, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in A549 cells treated with CPUL-1 were analyzed by western blot methods. Then, TrxR1 enzyme activity assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay were conducted to evaluate the effect of CPUL-1 on TrxR1 inhibition and ROS levels. Finally, western blotting was used to explore the mechanism of CPUL-1. The study results revealed that the ability of cell proliferation and migration was decreased under CPUL-1 treatment. CPUL-1 could distinctly restrain the migration and invasion of A549 cells through inhibiting EMT process. The results of TrxR1 enzyme activity assay, ROS assay and western blotting showed that CPUL-1 influenced EMT via inducing ROS-mediated ERK/JNK signaling by inhibiting TrxR1 enzyme activity. CONCLUSIONS Together, proliferation suppression and anti-metastasis activity of CPUL-1 in A549 cells were demonstrated by all the evidence. Our findings highlight the great potential of phenazine compound CPUL-1 to suppress A549 cells proliferation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Ding
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hengyu Wang
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- Department of Marine Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Morales-Vásquez F, Castillo-Sánchez R, Gómora MJ, Almaraz MÁ, Pedernera E, Pérez-Montiel D, Rendón E, López-Basave HN, Román-Basaure E, Cuevas-Covarrubias S, Maldonado-Cubas J, Villa A, Mendez C. Expression of metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 is associated to the presence of androgen receptor in epithelial ovarian tumors. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:86. [PMID: 32718331 PMCID: PMC7385964 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study evaluated the metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in epithelial cells and the surrounding stroma in ovarian tumors and the association of MMPs with the histological subtypes, the clinical stage and the presence of steroid hormone receptors. Tumor samples were obtained from 88 patients undergoing surgical cytoreduction of primary ovarian tumors in Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, from México City. The formalin fixed and paraffin embedded samples were processed in order to demonstrate the presence of androgen receptor,estrogen receptor alpha, progesterone receptor, MMP-2,MMP-9 and collagen IV by immunohistochemistry and/or immunofluorescence. RESULTS MMP-2 and MMP-9 were differentially expressed in the epithelium and the stroma of ovarian tumors associated to histological subtype, clinical stage and sexual steroid hormone receptor expression. Based on Cox proportional hazard regression model we demonstrated that MMP-2 located in the epithelium and the stroma are independent prognostic biomarkers for overall survival in epithelial ovarian tumors. Kaplan Meir analysis of the combination of AR (+) with MMP-2 (+) in epithelium and AR (+) with MMP-2 (-) in stroma displayed a significant reduction of survival. CONCLUSIONS The presence of MMP-2 in the stroma of the tumor was a protective factor while the presence of MMP-2 in the epithelium indicated an adverse prognosis. The presence of AR associated with MMP-2 in the tumor cells was a risk factor for overall survival in epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Morales-Vásquez
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rocío Castillo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad. 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María J. Gómora
- Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad. 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad La Salle, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Almaraz
- Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad. 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Pedernera
- Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad. 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Delia Pérez-Montiel
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Rendón
- Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología. Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Juan Maldonado-Cubas
- Hospital Militar de Especialidades de la Mujer y Neonatología. Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Antonio Villa
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carmen Mendez
- Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito interior, Ciudad Universitaria, Av. Universidad. 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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circPUM1 Promotes Tumorigenesis and Progression of Ovarian Cancer by Sponging miR-615-5p and miR-6753-5p. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2019; 18:882-892. [PMID: 31751911 PMCID: PMC6881671 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to participate in the molecular mechanism of human cancers. The PUM1 gene has been confirmed to be closely related to tumorigenesis and progression of ovarian cancer. In the present study, we explored the function and underlying molecular mechanism of circPUM1 in ovarian cancer. qRT-PCR analysis showed upregulation of circPUM1 in ovarian cancer tissues compared with normal ovaries. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicated that circPUM1 increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited cell apoptosis. Intraperitoneal injection of circPUM1-knockout tumor cells in nude mice resulted in a decrease in the metastatic ability of the tumor. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that circPUM1 upregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and MMP2 by sponging miR-615-5p and miR-6753-5p. Further studies showed that exosomal circPUM1 acted on peritoneal mesothelial cells and increased tumor metastasis. In conclusion, our study indicates that circPUM1 not only promotes ovarian cancer proliferation, migration and invasion, but also acts on the peritoneum and contributes to metastasis of cancer in the form of cancer-derived exosomes.
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Matrix Metalloproteinase Expressions Play Important role in Prediction of Ovarian Cancer Outcome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11677. [PMID: 31406154 PMCID: PMC6691000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a high death rate and is often not detected until late stages. While some studies found high expressions of MMPs correlated with cancer invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis, however, several other studies indicated MMPs might inhibit cancer rather than promote cancer in certain situations. Thus, the role of different MMPs in different cancer types needs a systematic re-evaluation. In this study, we used RNA-Seq and corresponding clinical data downloaded from TCGA and analyzed the correlations between MMP expressions and the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcome in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (OSC) patients. Among the MMPs investigated, MMP-3 was significantly increased in high-grade and high-stage tumors compared with low-grade and low-stage ones. Using univariate analysis and multivariate Cox model, high expressions of MMP-19 and -20 were found to associate with poor overall survival independent of clinicopathologic characteristics. Moreover, using in vitro studies, we found ovarian cancer cell lines with higher MMP-19 and -20 protein expressing levels were associated with anti-cancer drugs resistance, while knockdown of MMP-19 or -20 increased ovarian cancer cell sensitivities to several clinical using chemotherapy agents. Finally, knockdown of MMP-19 or -20 also decreased the invasion abilities of several ovarian cancer cell lines. These in vitro studies provided potential mechanisms of high MMP-19 and -20 expressions in the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer.
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Henriet P, Emonard H. Matrix metalloproteinase-2: Not (just) a "hero" of the past. Biochimie 2019; 166:223-232. [PMID: 31362036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The 72-kDa type IV collagenase or gelatinase A is the second member of the matrix metalloproteinase family, MMP-2. Since the discovery of its first two substrates within components of the extracellular matrix, denatured interstitial type I collagen and native type IV collagen, the roles and various levels of regulation of MMP-2 have been intensively studied, mainly in vitro. Its (over)expression in most if not all tumors was considered a hallmark of cancer aggressiveness and boosted investigations aiming at its inhibition. Unfortunately, the enthusiasm subsided like a soufflé after clinical trial failures, mostly because of insufficient knowledge of in vivo MMP-2 activities and detrimental side effects of broad-spectrum MMP inhibition. Nowadays, MMP-2 remains a major topic of interest in research, the second in the MMP family after MMP-9. This review presents a broad overview of the major features of this protease. This knowledge is crucial to identify diagnostic or therapeutic strategies focusing on MMP-2. In this sense, recent publications and clinical trials underline the potential value of measuring circulating or tissular MMP-2 levels as diagnostic or prognostic tools, or as a useful secondary outcome for therapies against other primary targets. Direct MMP-2 inhibition has benefited from substantial progress in the design of more specific inhibitors but their in vivo application remains challenging but certainly worth the efforts it receives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Henriet
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hervé Emonard
- CNRS and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UMR 7369, 51100, Reims, France.
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Zeng L, Qian J, Zhu F, Wu F, Zhao H, Zhu H. The prognostic values of matrix metalloproteinases in ovarian cancer. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519825983. [PMID: 31099295 PMCID: PMC7140190 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519825983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prognostic significance of 23 matrix metalloproteinase
(MMP) genes in patients diagnosed with ovarian
carcinoma. Methods The prognostic significance of 23 MMP genes in patients
diagnosed with ovarian carcinoma was investigated using the Kaplan–Meier
plotter (KM plotter), which uses the gene expression data and overall
survival information of patients with ovarian cancer that were downloaded
from the Gene Expression Omnibus, Cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid and The
Cancer Genome Atlas cancer datasets. The correlation between mRNA levels of
individual MMPs (MMP2, MMP9, MMP10, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP25) and
clinicopathological features (histological subtype, pathological grade and
clinical stage) were investigated. The MMP protein level profiles in normal
ovarian tissues and ovarian cancer tissues were examined using the Human
Protein Atlas database. Results The results showed that high mRNA levels of MMP2 and MMP13 were associated
with a worse overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer, whereas high
mRNA levels of MMP9, MMP10, MMP12 and MMP25 were associated with a better
overall survival. The protein levels of MMP2, MMP9, MMP10 and MMP25 in
ovarian cancer tissues were elevated compared with normal ovarian
tissues. Conclusions This study demonstrated that MMPs can be a reliable prognostic biomarker for
ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchai Zeng
- Department of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Qian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongqin Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Liu T, Zhou L, Li D, Andl T, Zhang Y. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Build and Secure the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:60. [PMID: 31106200 PMCID: PMC6492564 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells reside in a highly complex and heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME), which is composed of a myriad of genetically stable non-cancer cells, including fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells, and a tumor-specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), as an abundant and active stromal cell population in the TME, function as the signaling center and remodeling machine to aid the creation of a desmoplastic tumor niche. Although there is no denial that the TME and CAFs may have anti-tumor effects as well, a great deal of findings reported in recent years have convincingly revealed the tumor-promoting effects of CAFs and CAF-derived ECM proteins, enzymes, chemical factors and other downstream effectors. While there is growing enthusiasm for the development of CAF-targeting therapies, a better understanding of the complexities of CAF-ECM and CAF-cancer cell interactions is necessary before novel therapeutic strategies targeting the malignant tumor “soil” can be successfully implemented in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Linli Zhou
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Danni Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Thomas Andl
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Powers N, Srivastava A. The Air Sac Primordium of Drosophila: A Model for Invasive Development. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072074. [PMID: 30018198 PMCID: PMC6073991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of invasive properties preceding tumor metastasis is critical for cancer progression. This phenomenon may result from mutagenic disruption of typical cell function, but recent evidence suggests that cancer cells frequently co-opt normal developmental programs to facilitate invasion as well. The signaling cascades that have been implicated present an obstacle to identifying effective therapeutic targets because of their complex nature and modulatory capacity through crosstalk with other pathways. Substantial efforts have been made to study invasive behavior during organogenesis in several organisms, but another model found in Drosophilamelanogaster has not been thoroughly explored. The air sac primordium (ASP) appears to be a suitable candidate for investigating the genes and morphogens required for invasion due to the distinct overlap in the events that occur during its normal growth and the development of metastatic tumor cells. Among these events are the conversion of larval cells in the trachea into a population of mitotically active cells, reduced cell–cell contact along the leading edge of the ASP, and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds the structure. Here, we summarize the development of ASPs and invasive behavior observed therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Powers
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Center, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, TCCW 351, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
| | - Ajay Srivastava
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Center, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, TCCW 351, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
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12
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Liu C, Li Y, Hu S, Chen Y, Gao L, Liu D, Guo H, Yang Y. Clinical significance of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10994. [PMID: 30024495 PMCID: PMC6086493 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), a member of the zinc-dependent metalloproteinase gene family, plays a vital role in cancer invasion, metastasis, and progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore the clinical significance of MMP-2 expression in endometrial cancer. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were systematically searched up to September 30, 2017, supplemented by manual searches of bibliographies. Two reviewers independently identified articles, extracted data, assessed quality, and cross-checked the results. Meta-analysis was conducted to explore the difference in the positive rate of MMP-2 expression between patients with endometrial cancer and those with endometriosis or normal endometrium, and to investigate the associations of MMP-2 expression with clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with endometrial cancer. Weighted mean differences and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. RESULTS Totally 20 studies were selected for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Compared with those with endometriosis or normal endometria, the positive rate of MMP-2 expression is significantly higher in patients with endometrial cancer (RR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.78-3.00, P < .01). MMP-2 expression was significantly associated with Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (RR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.09-1.31, P < .01), histologic grade (RR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19, P = .02), lymph node metastasis (RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.15-1.51, P < .01), and myometrial invasion (RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12-1.38, P < .01). CONCLUSION The results showed that MMP-2 was expressed in high percentage of endometrial cancer and its expression may be associated closely with clinical stage, and tumor invasion and metastasis, indicating that MMP-2 overexpression may serve as a predictive factor for poor prognosis of endometrial cancer.
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PAX1 Methylation as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Progression of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Meta-analysis of Related Studies. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:1480-1488. [PMID: 28472814 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The methylation of paired box gene 1 (PAX1) has a great influence on the process of cervical lesion. However, available evidence for the association between PAX1 methylation and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) are inconsistent. Here, we systematically reviewed and analyzed PAX1 methylation in progress of CIN. METHODS Two investigators independently searched eligible studies of PAX1 methylation and CIN that were published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases until November 30, 2016. We extracted clinicopathologic features of CIN and cervical cancel relevant to PAX1 methylation. Odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between PAX1 methylation and progression of patients with CIN. RESULTS Seven studies composed of 1055 patients with various stages of CIN and cervical cancel were eventually included. The results revealed that PAX1 methylation was associated with transition of CIN I to CIN II/III (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.04-0.19) and CIN II/III to cervical cancer (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05-0.46), and similar results were produced in sensitivity analysis. Also, we found that the OR value was associated with average age and number of patients, publication year, and study location of included articles. CONCLUSIONS PAX1 gene methylation was associated with the transition of CIN I to CIN II/III and CIN II/III to cervical cancer, so that it could be an auxiliary biomarker to estimate the risk of CIN progress. Moreover, PAX1 may help to determine appropriate reexaminations and treatment for patients with various stages of CIN.
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14
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Escalona RM, Chan E, Kannourakis G, Findlay JK, Ahmed N. The Many Facets of Metzincins and Their Endogenous Inhibitors: Perspectives on Ovarian Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E450. [PMID: 29393911 PMCID: PMC5855672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately sixty per cent of ovarian cancer patients die within the first five years of diagnosis due to recurrence associated with chemoresistance. The metzincin family of metalloproteinases is enzymes involved in matrix remodeling in response to normal physiological changes and diseased states. Recently, there has been a mounting awareness of these proteinases and their endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), as superb modulators of cellular communication and signaling regulating key biological processes in cancer progression. This review investigates the role of metzincins and their inhibitors in ovarian cancer. We propose that understanding the metzincins and TIMP biology in ovarian cancer may provide valuable insights in combating ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance-mediated recurrence in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Escalona
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
| | - Emily Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jock K Findlay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
- The Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia.
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key laboratory of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji’nan, PR China
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16
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Balassa T, Berta G, Jakab L, Bohonyi N, Szekeres-Bartho J. The effect of the Progesterone-Induced Blocking Factor (PIBF) on E-cadherin expression, cell motility and invasion of primary tumour cell lines. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 125:8-15. [PMID: 29107859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being immunomodulatory, Progesterone-Induced Blocking Factor (PIBF) plays a role in cell cycle regulation and invasion. The full length protein is associated with the pericentriolar satellites and as such, it is crucial for maintaining the integrity of spindle poles during mitosis. Another suggestive evidence for the involvement of PIBF in tumour progression is the fact that the PIBF gene has been identified on chromosome 13 in the region associated with breast cancer susceptibility. Earlier we showed that PIBF differentially regulates the invasiveness of trophoblast and tumour cell lines. The aim of the present study was to further investigate the role of PIBF in tumour development, using primary ovarian- (OC) and primary lung carcinoma (LC) cell cultures, and JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cell line. In the cultured cells PIBF was knocked down by siRNA treatment, and the impact of PIBF deficiency on MMP-9 activity and E-cadherin expression as well as on invasive and migratory capacity of the cells was tested. In conditioned media of PIBF-deficient JEG-3 cells, LC cells and OC cells MMP-9 activity was reduced to 36% 35%, and 65% respectively compared to controls. Though PIBF knock down did not affect migration, in JEG-3 cells, LC primary cells and OC primary cells PIBF deficiency resulted 20%, 50% and 50% decrease of invasion respectively. PIBF silencing resulted in increased E-cadherin expression, suggesting that by down regulating E-cadherin expression, PIBF might interfere with the cell-cell adhesion mechanisms and by increasing MMP activity induced extracellular matrix degradation, facilitates the invasion of tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Balassa
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Pecs University, Pecs, Hungary; János Szentagothai Research Centre, Pecs, Hungary; Endocrine Studies, Centre of Excellence, Pecs University, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Pecs University, Pecs, Hungary; János Szentagothai Research Centre, Pecs, Hungary
| | - László Jakab
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, Pecs University, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Noémi Bohonyi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pecs University, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Júlia Szekeres-Bartho
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical School, Pecs University, Pecs, Hungary; János Szentagothai Research Centre, Pecs, Hungary; MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Research Group, Pecs, Hungary; Endocrine Studies, Centre of Excellence, Pecs University, Pecs, Hungary.
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17
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Zhang Y, Chen Q. Relationship between matrix metalloproteinases and the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6104. [PMID: 28538838 PMCID: PMC5479390 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most malignant genital cancers, with a high mortality rate. Many researchers have suggested that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have remarkably high expression in ovarian cancer tissues. MMPs are considered to be related to the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Moreover, some studies have discovered that the unbalance between MMPs and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are associated with the malignant phenotype of tumors. This review summarizes the latest research progress of MMPs in ovarian cancer. The investigation of MMP mechanism in ovarian cancer will facilitate the development of effective anti-tumor drugs, and thereby improve the survival rate of patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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18
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Wang J, Chen X, Tong M. Knockdown of astrocyte elevated gene-1 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis and suppressed invasion in ovarian cancer cells. Gene 2017; 616:8-15. [PMID: 28323000 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that AEG-1 (astrocyte elevated gene-1) plays a pivotal oncogenic role in tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanism by which AEG-1 exerts its oncogenic function is elusive in ovarian cancer. To explore the role and molecular insight on AEG-1-mediated tumorigenesis in ovarian cancer, multiple approaches are performed including MTT assay, flow cytometry for apoptosis and cell cycle assay, gene transfection, real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, and Transwell assay. Our MTT assay showed that knockdown of AEG-1 by its siRNA significantly inhibited cell growth in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, AEG-1 siRNA treatment induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and triggered cell apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Notably, inhibition of AEG-1 suppressed cell migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells. Intriguingly, we identified that knockdown of AEG-1 remarkably inhibited the activation of Akt pathway. Our results also validated that knockdown of AEG-1 inhibited the expression of MMP-2 and VEGF, which could lead to inhibition of cell migration and invasion. These data suggest that AEG-1 could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Wang
- Dept of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Dept of Liver Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Maoqing Tong
- Dept of Cardiology, The Affiliated Ningbo First Hospital, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Vincent KM, Postovit LM. A pan-cancer analysis of secreted Frizzled-related proteins: re-examining their proposed tumour suppressive function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42719. [PMID: 28218291 PMCID: PMC5316967 DOI: 10.1038/srep42719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs), containing five family members (SFRPs 1-5) are putative extracellular Wnt inhibitors. Given their abilities to inhibit Wnt signalling, as well as the loss of SFRP1 in many cancers, this family is generally considered to be tumour suppressive. In this study we analyzed gene expression, promoter methylation and survival data from over 8000 tumour and normal samples from 29 cancers in order to map the context-specific associations of SFRPs 1-5 with patient survival, gene silencing and gene expression signatures. We show that only SFRP1 associates consistently with tumour suppressive functions, and that SFRP2 and SFRP4 typically associate with a poor prognosis concomitant with the expression of genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, our results indicate that while SFRP1 is lost in cancer cells via the process of DNA methylation, SFRP2 and 4 are likely derived from the tumour stroma, and thus tend to increase in tumours as compared to normal tissues. This in-depth analysis highlights the need to study each SFRP as a separate entity and suggests that SFRP2 and SFRP4 should be approached as complex matricellular proteins with functions that extend far beyond their putative Wnt antagonistic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Marie Vincent
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 114th St and 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 114th St and 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
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Tumor microenvironment: The culprit for ovarian cancer metastasis? Cancer Lett 2016; 377:174-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Zhang S, Ma J, Fu Z, Zhang Z, Cao J, Huang L, Li W, Xu P, Cao X. Promotion of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 invasion by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate through matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 overexpression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9742-9749. [PMID: 26850096 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is an estrogenic chemical that is widely used in polyvinyl products. We aimed to determine the mechanisms behind the effects of DEHP on ERα-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 invasion and matrix metalloproteinases-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9) up-regulation in this study. Transwell assay indicated that DEHP exposure (>50 μg/ml) significantly enhanced the invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 cells. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blotting revealed that MMP-2/-9 is overexpressed in mRNA and protein levels after DEHP treatment. Gelatin zymography consistently demonstrated that DEHP exposure also enhances the activity of MMP-2/-9. Immunofluorescence assay showed that DEHP could accelerate NF-kappaB (NF-κB) subunits-p65 translocation into the nucleus, which is confirmed by western blotting assay, suggesting that the ratio of nuclear/cytosolic level of p65 was significantly increased. Furthermore, the invasion and MMP-2/-9 overexpression of MDA-MB-231 cells after DEHP-treated were reversed by the NF-κB chemical inhibitor JSH-23 via drug inhibition assay. This study suggested that DEHP could promote ERα-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 invasion through activating NF-κB and MMP-2/-9 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiehua Ma
- Department of Reproductive Health, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Ziyi Fu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Gynecologic Endocrinology, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Lei Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenqu Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China.
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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SUN XIANGXIU, LIN LIN, CHEN YING, LIU TIANFENG, LIU RONGHUA, WANG ZHONGDE, MOU KAI, XU JIA, LI BO, SONG HAIBO. Nitidine chloride inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion by suppressing MMP-2/9 production via the ERK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3161-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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