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Caldwell T, Cohen J. Male infant with fever. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2024; 5:e13260. [PMID: 39131826 PMCID: PMC11315640 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Caldwell
- Department of Emergency Medicine Brooke Army Medical Center Fort Sam Houston Texas USA
| | - Jared Cohen
- Department of Emergency Medicine Brooke Army Medical Center Fort Sam Houston Texas USA
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2
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Lee WJ, Tsai MH, Hsu JF, Chu SM, Chen CC, Yang PH, Huang HR, Chi MC, Lee CW, Ou-Yang MC. The Epidemiology, Management and Therapeutic Outcomes of Subdural Empyema in Neonates with Acute Bacterial Meningitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:377. [PMID: 38667053 PMCID: PMC11047628 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Subdural empyema is one of the more serious complications of bacterial meningitis and therapeutic challenges to clinicians. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcome of subdural empyema in neonates with bacterial meningitis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in two medical centers in Taiwan that enrolled all cases of neonates with subdural empyema after bacterial meningitis between 2003 and 2020. Results: Subdural empyema was diagnosed in 27 of 153 (17.6%) neonates with acute bacterial meningitis compared with cases of meningitis without subdural empyema. The demographics and pathogen distributions were comparable between the study group and the controls, but neonates with subdural empyema were significantly more likely to have clinical manifestations of fever (85.2%) and seizure (81.5%) (both p values < 0.05). The cerebrospinal fluid results of neonates with subdural empyema showed significantly higher white blood cell counts, lower glucose levels and higher protein levels (p = 0.011, 0.003 and 0.006, respectively). Neonates with subdural empyema had a significantly higher rate of neurological complications, especially subdural effusions and periventricular leukomalacia. Although the final mortality rate was not increased in neonates with subdural empyema when compared with the controls, they were often treated much longer and had a high rate of long-term neurological sequelae. Conclusions: Subdural empyema is not uncommon in neonates with acute bacterial meningitis and was associated with a high risk of neurological complications, although it does not significantly increase the final mortality rate. Close monitoring of the occurrence of subdural empyema is required, and appropriate long-term antibiotic treatment after surgical intervention may lead to optimized outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Lee
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.); (J.-F.H.); (S.-M.C.); (C.-C.C.); (P.-H.Y.); (H.-R.H.)
| | - Ming-Horng Tsai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.); (J.-F.H.); (S.-M.C.); (C.-C.C.); (P.-H.Y.); (H.-R.H.)
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin 638, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fu Hsu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.); (J.-F.H.); (S.-M.C.); (C.-C.C.); (P.-H.Y.); (H.-R.H.)
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Chu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.); (J.-F.H.); (S.-M.C.); (C.-C.C.); (P.-H.Y.); (H.-R.H.)
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.); (J.-F.H.); (S.-M.C.); (C.-C.C.); (P.-H.Y.); (H.-R.H.)
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hong Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.); (J.-F.H.); (S.-M.C.); (C.-C.C.); (P.-H.Y.); (H.-R.H.)
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Hsuan-Rong Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.); (J.-F.H.); (S.-M.C.); (C.-C.C.); (P.-H.Y.); (H.-R.H.)
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Ching Chi
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-W.L.)
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Ou-Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.-H.T.); (J.-F.H.); (S.-M.C.); (C.-C.C.); (P.-H.Y.); (H.-R.H.)
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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3
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Kadambari S, Feng S, Liu X, Andersson M, Waterfield R, Fodder H, Jacquemot A, Galal U, Rafferty A, Drew RJ, Rodrigues C, Sadarangani M, Riordan A, Martin NG, Defres S, Solomon T, Pollard AJ, Paulus S. Evaluating the Impact of the BioFire FilmArray in Childhood Meningitis: An Observational Cohort Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024; 43:345-349. [PMID: 38190645 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays have the potential to reduce antibiotic use and shorten length of inpatient stay in children with suspected central nervous system infection by obtaining an early microbiological diagnosis. The clinical impact of the implementation of the BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel on the management of childhood meningitis was evaluated at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford and Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street in Dublin. METHODS Children who had lumbar punctures performed as part of a septic screen were identified retrospectively through clinical discharge coding and microbiology databases from April 2017 to December 2018. Anonymized clinical and laboratory data were collected. Comparison of antibiotic use, length of stay and outcome at discharge was made with a historical cohort in Oxford (2012-2016), presenting before implementation of the FilmArray. RESULTS The study included 460 children who had a lumbar puncture as part of an evaluation for suspected central nervous system infection. Twelve bacterial cases were identified on the FilmArray that were not detected by conventional bacterial culture. Bacterial culture identified one additional case of bacterial meningitis, caused by Escherichia coli , which had not been identified on the FilmArray. Duration of antibiotics was shorter in children when FilmArray was used than before its implementation; enterovirus meningitis (median: 4 vs. 5 days), human parechovirus meningitis (median: 4 vs. 4.5 days) and culture/FilmArray-negative cerebrospinal fluid (median: 4 vs. 6 days). CONCLUSIONS The use of a FilmArray can identify additional bacterial cases of meningitis in children that had been negative by traditional culture methods. Children with viral meningitis and culture-negative meningitis received shorter courses of antibiotics and had shorter hospital stays when FilmArray was used. Large studies to evaluate the clinical impact and cost effectiveness of incorporating the FilmArray into routine testing are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seilesh Kadambari
- From the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation department, University College London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shuo Feng
- From the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xinxue Liu
- From the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Andersson
- Department of Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- NDCLS, Radcliffe Department of Medicine
| | - Rebecca Waterfield
- From the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Harriet Fodder
- From the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Aimee Jacquemot
- From the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ushma Galal
- Oxford Primary Care Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard J Drew
- Irish Meningitis and Sepsis Reference Laboratory, Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street
- Clinical Innovation Unit, Rotunda Hospital
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Charlene Rodrigues
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew Riordan
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie G Martin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sylviane Defres
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Education, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
| | - Tom Solomon
- The Pandemic Institute
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology (CIMI)
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary & Ecological Sciences
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool
- Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- From the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Paulus
- From the Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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4
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You JY, Modabber M, Iorio MD, Toffoli D. Ophthalmic Diseases in Meningitis Within the Pediatric Population. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023:S0008-4182(23)00361-7. [PMID: 38036046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meningitis may lead to ophthalmic complications in pediatric populations. The visual aftermath in developed countries has been poorly studied. This study aims to highlight the potential ocular and neuro-ophthalmic sequela of meningitis in the pediatric population of a tertiary pediatric hospital. DESIGN A retrospective chart review of all pediatric patients, between 2006 and 2015, diagnosed with meningitis at the Montreal Children's Hospital was conducted. Study approval was obtained by the Institutional Review Board of the McGill University Health Centre and adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. METHODS Records of all pediatric meningitis patients were extracted and further refined by isolating all who received an ophthalmology consultation. Relevant demographic data, general medical information, ocular findings, and imaging results were extracted. The proportion of ocular abnormalities was calculated and analyzed. RESULTS Seventy-two of 861 meningitis patients (8.4%) received an ophthalmology consultation. Forty-six patients met the inclusion criteria, and 31 of those (67.4%) demonstrated ocular abnormalities. Children presented most frequently with abnormalities involving visual acuity (8 of 32), extraocular movements and alignment (14 of 28), optic nerve (10 of 41), pupillary reactivity (4 of 35), and periorbital/orbital cellulitis (4 of 46). Older patients were more likely to have ophthalmologic findings. CONCLUSION This chart review highlights the ocular abnormalities found in children who suffer from meningitis and present to a tertiary-care centre in a high sociodemographic index country. Complications may be lasting. Treating ophthalmologists should be cognizant of potential ocular abnormalities among meningitis patients. We advocate for increased awareness of this association among health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yue You
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Que.
| | | | - Massimo Di Iorio
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont
| | - Daniela Toffoli
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pediatric Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Que; Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Que
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5
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Alnaami I. Surgical Indications and Outcomes of Postmeningitis Subdural Collection in Infants: Single Tertiary Care Center Experience. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2023; 84:542-547. [PMID: 36539204 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1758675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postmeningitis subdural collection (PMSC) is a complication in infants with bacterial meningitis. Clinical and radiologic findings enable treating teams to gain more insights into diagnosing and managing PMSC. This study aims to establish the indications for surgical management of PMSC in infants based on a single pediatric tertiary care center experience. METHODS We reviewed the hospital records of infants diagnosed with PMSC between January 2015 and December 2021. They were diagnosed based on clinical suspicion that was confirmed through imaging using computed tomography (CT) scanning or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All patients received antibiotic treatment, and surgical interventions using subdural drain placement or craniotomy were performed. The patients were followed up for outcomes and prognosis for 1 to 5 years. RESULTS A total of 17 infants were included in the study. Infants younger than 4 months represented most cases of PMSC (64.7%). Initially, bacterial growth was seen in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 15 (88.2%) patients. The causative agents included Streptococcus pneumoniae (58.8%), Salmonella spp. (11.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (5.9%), Escherichia coli (5.9%), and Micrococcus luteus (5.9%). Growth in subdural fluid revealed the presence of E. coli (5.9%) and Staphylococcus hominis (5.9%). All the patients received treatments including combinations of antibiotics regimens. Major indications predisposing patients with PMSC to surgery included persistent fever, seizures, and bulging fontanel in the presence of PMSC on CT or MRI. All the patients underwent surgical operations, including subdural drain placement (76.5%) and craniotomy (23.5%). CONCLUSIONS Persistent fever, seizures, and bulging fontanel, in the presence of PMSC, were found to be the indications for surgical intervention in PMSC. Drainage of PMSC and continuation of antibiotics is a safe and effective modality for treatment in PMSC, with a reasonable outcome and acceptable rate of morbidity and mortality. Craniotomy should be reserved for those with thick pus collection, as burr hole surgery can be used to achieve the goal in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Alnaami
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Ou-Yang MC, Tsai MH, Chu SM, Chen CC, Yang PH, Huang HR, Chang CM, Fu RH, Hsu JF. The Clinical Characteristics, Microbiology and Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes in Neonates with Gram-Negative Bacillary Meningitis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1131. [PMID: 37508227 PMCID: PMC10376587 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to describe the clinical features of Gram-negative bacillary (GNB) meningitis in neonates and investigate the risk factors associated with final adverse outcomes of neonatal GNB meningitis. Methods: From 2003 to 2020, all neonates (aged ≤ 90 days old) with bacterial meningitis who were hospitalized in four tertiary-level neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of two medical centers in Taiwan were enrolled. Neonates with GNB meningitis were compared with those with Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus, GBS) meningitis. Results: During the study period, a total of 153 neonates with bacterial meningitis were identified and enrolled. GNB and GBS accounted for 40.5% (n = 62) and 35.3% (n = 54) of all neonatal bacterial meningitis, respectively. In neonates with GNB meningitis, the final mortality rate was 6.5% (4 neonates died); 48 (77.4%) had neurological complications, and 26 (44.8%) of 58 survivors had neurological sequelae at discharge. Although the final outcomes were comparable between neonates with GNB meningitis and those with GBS meningitis, neonates with GNB meningitis were more likely to have more severe clinical manifestations initially and have ventriculomegaly at follow-up. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, neonates with seizure at onset, early onset sepsis, and requirement of surgical intervention for neurological complications were independently associated with final adverse outcomes. Conclusions: GNB meningitis was associated with a high risk of neurological complications and sequelae, although it did not significantly increase the final mortality rate. Close monitoring of the occurrence of neurological complications and advanced therapeutic strategies to optimize the outcomes are urgently needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chen Ou-Yang
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Horng Tsai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin 63812, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Chu
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Chen
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hong Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 33382, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Rong Huang
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Min Chang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 33382, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Huei Fu
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fu Hsu
- Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33382, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
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7
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Wang YL, Guo XT, Zhu MY, Mao YC, Xu XB, Hua Y, Xu L, Jiang LH, Zhao CY, Zhang X, Sheng GX, Jiang PF, Yuan ZF, Gao F. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing and proteomics analysis in pediatric viral encephalitis and meningitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1104858. [PMID: 37153144 PMCID: PMC10161730 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Early and accurate identification of pathogens is essential for improved outcomes in patients with viral encephalitis (VE) and/or viral meningitis (VM). Methods In our research, Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) which can identify viral pathogens unbiasedly was performed on RNA and DNA to identify potential pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 50 pediatric patients with suspected VEs and/or VMs. Then we performed proteomics analysis on the 14 HEV-positive CSF samples and another 12 CSF samples from health controls (HCs). A supervised partial least squaresdiscriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA) model was performed using proteomics data. Results Ten viruses in 48% patients were identified and the most common pathogen was human enterovirus (HEV) Echo18. 11 proteins overlapping between the top 20 DEPs in terms of P value and FC and the top 20 proteins in PLS-DA VIP lists were acquired. Discussion Our result showed mNGS has certain advantages on pathogens identification in VE and VM and our research established a foundation to identify diagnosis biomarker candidates of HEV-positive meningitis based on MS-based proteomics analysis, which could also contribute toward investigating the HEV-specific host response patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Long Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Guo
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Ying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Chen Mao
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-Bin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Hua Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Xia Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pei-Fang Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe-Feng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Gao,
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8
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Snoek L, Gonçalves BP, Horváth-Puhó E, van Kassel MN, Procter SR, Søgaard KK, Chandna J, van der Ende A, van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Sørensen HT, Lawn JE, Bijlsma MW. Short-term and long-term risk of mortality and neurodevelopmental impairments after bacterial meningitis during infancy in children in Denmark and the Netherlands: a nationwide matched cohort study. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:633-642. [PMID: 35798010 PMCID: PMC9365703 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00155-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Few studies have reported the long-term consequences of bacterial meningitis during infancy, and studies that have been done usually do not include a comparison cohort. We aimed to assess short-term and long-term risk of mortality, neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), and health-care use and household income in cohorts of children with and without a history of bacterial meningitis during infancy in Denmark and the Netherlands. Methods In this nationwide cohort study, infants with a history of bacterial meningitis before age 1 year were identified through the Danish Medical Birth Registry and Danish National Patient Registry using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes and through the Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis. Infants were matched (1:10) by sex and birth month and year to a comparison cohort of the general population without a history of bacterial meningitis. We analysed mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression. In Denmark, diagnoses of NDIs were based on ICD-10 codes; in the Netherlands, special educational needs were used as a functional NDI outcome. Risk ratios (RRs) of NDIs were estimated using modified Poisson regression. We also analysed long-term health-care use in Denmark and household income in both countries. All regression analyses were adjusted for sex and year of birth, and stratified by pathogen whenever sample size allowed. Findings We included 2216 children with a history of bacterial meningitis (570 [25·7%] in Denmark between Jan 1, 1997, and Dec 31, 2018, and 1646 [74·3%] in the Netherlands between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2018), matched to 22 127 comparison cohort members. Median age at diagnosis was 2·8 months (IQR 0·4–7·1) in Denmark and 4·3 months (0·7–7·4) in the Netherlands. Mortality risks within 3 months after disease onset were 3·9% (95% CI 2·6–5·8%) in Denmark and 5·9% (4·7–7·0) in the Netherlands, compared with 0·0% (p<0·0001) and 0·1% (p<0·0001) in the comparison cohorts. Survivors had an increased risk of moderate or severe NDIs at age 10 years (RR 5·0 [95% CI 3·5–7·1] in Denmark and 4·9 [4·0–6·2] in the Netherlands) compared to children in the comparison cohort, particularly after pneumococcal and group B streptococcal meningitis. In Denmark, a history of bacterial meningitis was associated with increased health-care use in the 10 years following diagnosis (rate ratio 4·5 [95% CI 3·9–5·2] for outpatient visits and 4·1 [3·6–4·7] for hospital admissions). Interpretation Our study shows increased risk of mortality in the short and long term, a five times increase in risk of NDIs, and increased health-care use after bacterial meningitis during infancy. Together with context-specific incidence data, our results can advance pathogen-specific estimation of the meningitis burden and inform service provision at the individual and population level. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Stichting Remmert Adriaan Laan Fonds, and the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linde Snoek
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection and Inflammation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bronner P Gonçalves
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merel N van Kassel
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection and Inflammation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simon R Procter
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kirstine K Søgaard
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital and Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jaya Chandna
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Arie van der Ende
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection and Inflammation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection and Inflammation, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henrik T Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital and Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Joy E Lawn
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Merijn W Bijlsma
- Department of Paediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection and Inflammation, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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9
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de Blauw D, Bruning AHL, Wolthers KC, van Wermeskerken AM, Biezeveld MH, Wildenbeest JG, Pajkrt D. Incidence of Childhood Meningoencephalitis in Children With a Suspected Meningoencephalitis in the Netherlands. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:290-296. [PMID: 34966139 PMCID: PMC8920014 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirkje de Blauw
- From the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Katja C Wolthers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, OrganoVIR Labs, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten H Biezeveld
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joanne G Wildenbeest
- From the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- From the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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10
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Evaluation of Multiplex Real-time PCR and WHO Criteria for Diagnosing Childhood Bacterial Meningitis in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Iran. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Childhood bacterial meningitis (BM) requires prompt and precise diagnosis to provide proper treatment and decline mortality and morbidity. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosing BM in children admitted to a tertiary referral hospital in Shiraz, southern Iran. Materials: We included all 492 children aged one month to 17 years suspected of meningitis who had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leukocytosis admitted to Nemazi Hospital from August 2016 to September 2017. The CSF specimens were examined for routine analysis, Gram staining, and culture. A multiplex real-time PCR was used to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and Neisseria meningitidis in the CSF samples. Seven viruses were also investigated using real-time PCR. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated using the WHO criteria and the multiplex real-time PCR results. Results: Seventy-four CSF samples had leukocytosis. Nineteen (22.9%) patients had BM caused by S. pneumoniae (n = 14), Hib (n = 2), Salmonella enterica (n = 2), and N. meningitidis (n = 1). The PCR test detected all cases, except for two with Salmonella meningitis (sensitivity 89.4%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, and NPV 96%). The WHO criteria detected all cases, except three who received antibiotics at least four days before performing lumbar puncture (sensitivity 84.2%, specificity 98.2%, PPV 94.1%, and NPV 94.7%). Enterovirus was the most common viral etiology (6.75%). Conclusions: The WHO criteria and the multiplex real-time PCR had high accuracy in our setting, and their use could decrease the antibiotic over-prescription in febrile children suspected of meningitis.
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11
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Prasad VSV, Basha S, Dayal A. Critical illness color-coded warning stickers: A novel parent education method – A single-center observational study. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC CRITICAL CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jpcc.jpcc_24_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Kadambari S, Trotter CL, Heath PT, Goldacre MJ, Pollard AJ, Goldacre R. Group B Streptococcal Disease in England (1998 - 2017): A Population-based Observational Study. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:e791-e798. [PMID: 32989454 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in infants <90 days. In this study, the burden of GBS disease and mortality in young infants in England was assessed. METHODS Using linked hospitalization records from every National Health Service (NHS) hospital from April 1, 1998 to March 31, 2017, we calculated annual GBS incidence in infants aged <90 days and, using regression models, compared their perinatal factors, rates of hospital-recorded disease outcomes, and all-cause infant mortality rates with those of the general infant population. RESULTS 15 429 infants aged <90 days had a hospital-recorded diagnosis of GBS, giving an average annual incidence of 1.28 per 1000 live births (95% CI 1.26-1.30) with no significant trend over time. GBS-attributable mortality declined significantly from 0.044 (95% CI .029-.065) per 1000 live births in 2001 to 0.014 (95% CI .010-.026) in 2017 (annual percentage change -6.6, 95% CI -9.1 to -4.0). Infants with GBS had higher relative rates of visual impairment (HR 7.0 95% CI 4.1-12.1), cerebral palsy (HR 9.3 95% CI 6.6-13.3), hydrocephalus (HR 17.3 95% CI 13.8-21.6), and necrotizing enterocolitis (HR 18.8 95% CI 16.7-21.2) compared with those without GBS. CONCLUSIONS Annual rates of GBS disease in infants have not changed over 19 years. The reduction in mortality is likely multifactorial and due to widespread implementation of antibiotics in at-risk mothers and babies, as well as advances in managing acutely unwell infants. New methods for prevention, such as maternal vaccination, must be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seilesh Kadambari
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L Trotter
- Disease Dynamics Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Heath
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group & Vaccine Institute, St George's, University of London, and St George's University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Goldacre
- Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Raphael Goldacre
- Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Sewell E, Roberts J, Mukhopadhyay S. Association of Infection in Neonates and Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome. Clin Perinatol 2021; 48:251-261. [PMID: 34030812 PMCID: PMC8260078 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal and neonatal infection and associated inflammatory response may adversely affect brain development and lead to neurodevelopmental impairment. Factors that predict the risk of infection and subsequent adverse outcomes have been identified but substantial gaps remain in identifying mechanisms and interventions that can alter outcomes. This article describes the current epidemiology of neonatal sepsis, the pathogenesis of brain injury with sepsis, and the reported long-term neurodevelopment outcomes among survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Sewell
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Office #318, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jessica Roberts
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine & Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sagori Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 800 Spruce Street, 2nd Floor Cathcart Building, Newborn Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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14
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Chen Y, Yin Z, Gong X, Li J, Zhong W, Shan L, Lei X, Zhang Q, Zhou Q, Zhao Y, Chen C, Zhang Y. A sequential guide to identify neonates with low bacterial meningitis risk: a multicenter study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1132-1140. [PMID: 33836125 PMCID: PMC8108426 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To derive and validate a predictive algorithm integrating clinical and laboratory parameters to stratify a full‐term neonate's risk level of having bacterial meningitis (BM). Methods A multicentered dataset was categorized into derivation (689 full‐term neonates aged ≤28 days with a lumbar puncture [LP]) and external validation (383 neonates) datasets. A sequential algorithm with risk stratification for neonatal BM was constructed. Results In the derivation dataset, 102 neonates had BM (14.8%). Using stepwise regression analysis, fever, infection source absence, neurological manifestation, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin were selected as optimal predictive sets for neonatal BM and introduced to a sequential algorithm. Based on the algorithm, 96.1% of BM cases (98 of 102) were identified, and 50.7% of the neonates (349 of 689) were classified as low risk. The algorithm’s sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) in identifying neonates at low risk of BM were 96.2% (95% CI 91.7%–98.9%) and 98.9% (95% CI 97.6%–99.6%), respectively. In the validation dataset, sensitivity and NPV were 95.9% (95% CI 91.0%–100%) and 98.8% (95% CI 97.7%–100%). Interpretation The sequential algorithm can risk stratify neonates for BM with excellent predictive performance and prove helpful to clinicians in LP‐related decision‐making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanghua Yin
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Gong
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Shanghai, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Liqin Shan
- Department of Neonatology, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoping Lei
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Youyan Zhao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Pelkonen T, Urtti S, Cardoso O, Kyaw MH, Roine I, Peltola H. Risk factors for death in suspected severe bacterial infection in infants aged <90 days in Luanda, Angola. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 106:223-227. [PMID: 33781903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yearly, about two million infants die during the first 28 days of life. Most of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa and a third of those are caused by severe infections. The early identification of infants at risk of death is important when trying to prevent poor outcomes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for death among young infants with possible serious bacterial infection (pSBI) at hospital admission. METHODS This prospective, observational, single-site, descriptive study forms part of a larger study on bacterial meningitis in infants <90 days of age admitted to the Pediatric Hospital of Luanda, the capital of Angola, from February 1, 2016 to October 23, 2017. Infants with pSBI, a known outcome, and a final diagnosis were included. RESULTS Of 574 young infants with pSBI, 115 (20%) died in hospital. An altered level of consciousness, absence of spontaneous movements, dyspnea, CSF that is not clear, low CSF glucose, high CSF protein, heart rate over the median, and seizures were identified as risk factors for death in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only heart rate over the median and seizures were independent predictors of death. CONCLUSIONS Easily recognizable clinical signs - tachycardia and seizures - may guide clinicians to identify infants at high risk of death due to severe bacterial infections in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Pelkonen
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino (HPDB), Luanda, Angola.
| | - Suvi Urtti
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ondina Cardoso
- Hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino (HPDB), Luanda, Angola.
| | - Moe H Kyaw
- Sanofi Pasteur, Epidemiology, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Irmeli Roine
- Faculty of Medicine, University Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Heikki Peltola
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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16
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Ramchandar N, Coufal NG, Warden AS, Briggs B, Schwarz T, Stinnett R, Xie H, Schlaberg R, Foley J, Clarke C, Waldeman B, Enriquez C, Osborne S, Arrieta A, Salyakina D, Janvier M, Sendi P, Totapally BR, Dimmock D, Farnaes L. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Detection and Transcriptomic Analysis in Pediatric Central Nervous System Infections. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab104. [PMID: 34104666 PMCID: PMC8180245 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) infections are potentially life-threatening and may incur significant morbidity. Identifying a pathogen is important, both in terms of guiding therapeutic management and in characterizing prognosis. Usual care testing by culture and polymerase chain reaction is often unable to identify a pathogen. We examined the systematic application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for detecting organisms and transcriptomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in children with central nervous system (CNS) infections. Methods We conducted a prospective multisite study that aimed to enroll all children with a CSF pleocytosis and suspected CNS infection admitted to 1 of 3 tertiary pediatric hospitals during the study timeframe. After usual care testing had been performed, the remaining CSF was sent for mNGS and transcriptomic analysis. Results We screened 221 and enrolled 70 subjects over a 12-month recruitment period. A putative organism was isolated from CSF in 25 (35.7%) subjects by any diagnostic modality. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing of the CSF samples identified a pathogen in 20 (28.6%) subjects, which were also all identified by usual care testing. The median time to result was 38 hours. Conclusions Metagenomic sequencing of CSF has the potential to rapidly identify pathogens in children with CNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Ramchandar
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Anna S Warden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Heng Xie
- IDbyDNA, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Foley
- Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Christina Clarke
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Bryce Waldeman
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | - Antonio Arrieta
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Dimmock
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lauge Farnaes
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA.,IDbyDNA, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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17
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Wang ME, Neuman MI, Nigrovic LE, Pruitt CM, Desai S, DePorre AG, Sartori LF, Marble RD, Woll C, Leazer RC, Balamuth F, Rooholamini SN, Aronson PL. Characteristics of Afebrile Infants ≤60 Days of Age With Invasive Bacterial Infections. Hosp Pediatr 2020; 11:100-105. [PMID: 33318052 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-002204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the characteristics and outcomes of afebrile infants ≤60 days old with invasive bacterial infection (IBI). METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study of infants ≤60 days old with IBI presenting to the emergency departments (EDs) of 11 children's hospitals from 2011 to 2016. We classified infants as afebrile if there was absence of a temperature ≥38°C at home, at the referring clinic, or in the ED. Bacteremia and bacterial meningitis were defined as pathogenic bacterial growth from a blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid culture. RESULTS Of 440 infants with IBI, 78 (18%) were afebrile. Among afebrile infants, 62 (79%) had bacteremia without meningitis and 16 (20%) had bacterial meningitis (10 with concomitant bacteremia). Five infants (6%) died, all with bacteremia. The most common pathogens were Streptococcus agalactiae (35%), Escherichia coli (16%), and Staphylococcus aureus (16%). Sixty infants (77%) had an abnormal triage vital sign (temperature <36°C, heart rate ≥181 beats per minute, or respiratory rate ≥66 breaths per minute) or a physical examination abnormality (ill appearance, full or depressed fontanelle, increased work of breathing, or signs of focal infection). Forty-three infants (55%) had ≥1 of the following laboratory abnormalities: white blood cell count <5000 or >15 000 cells per μL, absolute band count >1500 cells per μl, or positive urinalysis. Presence of an abnormal vital sign, examination finding, or laboratory test result had a sensitivity of 91% (95% confidence interval 82%-96%) for IBI. CONCLUSIONS Most afebrile young infants with an IBI had vital sign, examination, or laboratory abnormalities. Future studies should evaluate the predictive ability of these criteria in afebrile infants undergoing evaluation for IBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Wang
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford and School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California;
| | - Mark I Neuman
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lise E Nigrovic
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher M Pruitt
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sanyukta Desai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adrienne G DePorre
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Laura F Sartori
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard D Marble
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christopher Woll
- Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rianna C Leazer
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Fran Balamuth
- Division of Emergency Medicine and Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Sahar N Rooholamini
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital and School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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18
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Alamarat Z, Hasbun R. Management of Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Children. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:4077-4089. [PMID: 33204125 PMCID: PMC7667001 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s240162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis (ABM) in children continues to have high rates of neurological morbidity and mortality despite the overall declining rates of infection attributed to the use of vaccines and intrapartum Group B Streptococcus prophylaxis. Prompt diagnosis and early antibiotic therapy are crucial and should not be delayed to obtain cranial imaging. Differentiating bacterial from viral meningitis continues to be a clinical dilemma especially in patients with previous antibiotic exposure. Clinical models and inflammatory biomarkers can aid clinicians in their diagnostic approach. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction and metagenomic next-generation sequencing are promising tools that can help in early and accurate diagnosis. This review will present the epidemiology of ABM in children, indications of cranial imaging, role of different models and serum biomarkers in diagnosing ABM, and management including the use of adjunctive therapies and methods of prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Alamarat
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, UT Health, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Hasbun
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Health, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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Yun KW, Park SH, Cho EY, Lee H. Clinical features and outcomes of community-acquired late-onset sepsis: Focusing on group B Streptococcus and Escherichia coli. Pediatr Int 2019; 61:1210-1215. [PMID: 31560155 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli are leading causes of late-onset sepsis (LOS) and bacterial meningitis in neonates and infants. This study aimed to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of community-acquired (CA) LOS caused by GBS and E. coli. METHODS A retrospective observational study was performed in three university hospitals in Korea. All infants aged <90 days who were diagnosed with GBS or E coli CA-LOS from 2011 to 2017 were enrolled. Data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of GBS and E. coli CA-LOS were compared. RESULTS Forty GBS and 43 E. coli CA-LOS cases were identified, which mostly (82/83) included term or near-term infants. Meningitis was identified in 54.1% of GBS CA-LOS cases and in 30.3% of E. coli CA-LOS cases, and 88.4% of E. coli CA-LOS cases involved urosepsis. Ten percent each of GBS and non-uropathogenic E. coli (non-UPEC) meningitis cases and all uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) meningitis cases were diagnosed by pleocytosis without bacterial growth in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Patients with non-culture-proven meningitis had lower CSF pleocytosis and protein levels and higher CSF/serum glucose ratios than patients with culture-proven meningitis (P < 0.05 for all). One patient died of CA-LOS, which was accompanied by meningitis with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing non-UPEC. Neurological complications developed in 22.5% of GBS CA-LOS cases and in 2.3% of E. coli CA-LOS cases. CONCLUSIONS Neurological complications were frequently observed in GBS CA-LOS cases, although no mortality was observed. Escherichia coli CA-LOS generally developed as urosepsis, which caused non-culture-proven meningitis and had a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hyung Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Gilleland J, Bayfield D, Bayliss A, Dryden-Palmer K, Fawcett-Arsenault J, Gordon M, Hartfield D, Iacolucci A, Jones M, Ladouceur L, McNamara M, Middaugh K, Moore G, Murray S, Noble J, Singh S, Stuart-Minaret J, Williams C, Parshuram CS. Severe illness getting noticed sooner - SIGNS-for-Kids: developing an illness recognition tool to connect home and hospital. BMJ Open Qual 2019; 8:e000763. [PMID: 31803854 PMCID: PMC6887512 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Delays to definitive treatment for time-sensitive acute paediatric illnesses continue to be a cause of death and disability in the Canadian healthcare system. Our aim was to develop the SIGNS-for-Kids illness recognition tool to empower parents and other community caregivers to recognise the signs and symptoms of severe illness in infants and children. The goal of the tool is improved detection and reduced time to treatment of acute conditions that require emergent medical attention. Methods A single-day consensus workshop consisting of a 17-member panel of parents and multidisciplinary healthcare experts with content expertise and/or experience managing children with severe acute illnesses was held. An a priori agreement of ≥85% was planned for the final iteration SIGNS-for-Kids tool elements by the end of the workshop. Results One hundred percent consensus was achieved on a five-item tool distilled from 20 initial items at the beginning of the consensus workshop. The final items included four child-based items consisting of: (1) behaviour, (2) breathing, (3) skin, and (4) fluids, and one context-based item and (5) response to rescue treatments. Conclusions Specific cues of urgent child illness were identified as part of this initial development phase. These cues were integrated into a comprehensive tool designed for parents and other lay caregivers to recognise the signs of serious acute illness and initiate medical attention in an undifferentiated population of infants and children. Future validation and optimisation of the tool are planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gilleland
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Bayfield
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgian Bay General Hospital, Midland, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann Bayliss
- Children's Health Division, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Dryden-Palmer
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michelle Gordon
- Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Medicine, Orillia Soldiers Memorial Hospital, Orillia, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn Hartfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anthony Iacolucci
- Acute Care Transport Services (ACTS), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Jones
- SickKids Foundation, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Ladouceur
- Nurse Practitioner Clinic, Georgian Bay General Hospital, Midland, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin McNamara
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgian Bay General Hospital, Midland, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristen Middaugh
- Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Center for Safety Research, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Newborn Care, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Murray
- NEO Kids and Family Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Noble
- Healthcare Insurance Reciprocal of Canada, Lead Clinical Risk, Healthcare Safety and Risk Management, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simran Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jane Stuart-Minaret
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carla Williams
- Canadian Patient Safety Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher S Parshuram
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Pediatrics, Critical Care, Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Hsu MH, Hsu JF, Kuo HC, Lai MY, Chiang MC, Lin YJ, Huang HR, Chu SM, Tsai MH. Neurological Complications in Young Infants With Acute Bacterial Meningitis. Front Neurol 2018; 9:903. [PMID: 30405525 PMCID: PMC6207629 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the occurrence, treatment, and outcomes of neurological complications after bacterial meningitis in young infants. A case series study from a retrospective cohort from two tertiary-level medical centers in Taiwan between 2007 and 2016 was conducted. Eighty-five young infants aged < 90 days with bacterial meningitis were identified. 25 (29.4%) were born at preterm. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) and Escherichia coli caused 74.1% of identified cases. Despite the majority (90.6%) initially received microbiologically appropriate antibiotics, 65 (76.5%) had experienced at least one neurological complication identified at a median of 6 days (range: 1–173) after onset of bacterial meningitis. The most common neurological complication was seizure (58.8%), followed by subdural effusion (47.1%), ventriculomegaly (41.2%), subdural empyema (21.2%), hydrocephalus (18.8%), ventriculitis (15.3%), periventricular leukomalacia (11.8%), and encephalomalacia (10.6%). Nine patients (10.6%) died (including 4 had critical discharge on request) and 29/76 (38.2%) of the survivors had major neurological sequelae at discharge. Nighteen (22.4%) received surgical intervention due to these complications. After multivariate logistic regression, initial seizure (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7–13.0, P = 0.002) and septic shock (aOR: 6.04; 95% CI: 1.35–27.0, P = 0.019) were independent predictors for final unfavorable outcomes. Conclusions: Neurological complications and sequelae are common in young infants after bacterial meningitis. Patients presented with early seizure or septic shock can be an early predictor of final unfavorable outcomes and require close monitoring. Further research regarding how to improve clinical management and outcomes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hsin Hsu
- Division of Neurology and Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fu Hsu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chang Kuo
- Division of Neurology and Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Ping Tung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yin Lai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chou Chiang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jui Lin
- Division of Neurology and Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Rong Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Chu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Horng Tsai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
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