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Malmborg JS, Roswall J, Almquist-Tangen G, Dahlgren J, Alm B, Bergman S. Associations between pain, health, and lifestyle factors in 10-year-old boys and girls from a Swedish birth cohort. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:328. [PMID: 37386396 PMCID: PMC10308737 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is common in children and its associations with various biopsychosocial factors is complex. Comprehensive pain assessments could contribute to a better understanding of pediatric pain, but these assessments are scarce in literature. The aim of this study was to examine differences in pain prevalence and pain patterns in 10-year-old boys and girls from a Swedish birth cohort and to study associations between pain, health-related quality of life and various lifestyle factors stratified by sex. METHODS 866 children (426 boys and 440 girls) and their parents from the "Halland Health and Growth Study" participated in this cross-sectional study. Children were categorized into two pain groups, "infrequent pain" (never-monthly pain) or "frequent pain" (weekly-almost daily pain), based on a pain mannequin. Univariate logistic regression analyses, stratified by sex, were performed to study associations between frequent pain and children's self-reports of disease and disability and health-related quality of life (Kidscreen-27, five domains), and parents' reports of their child's sleep (quality and duration), physical activity time, sedentary time, and participation in organized physical activities. RESULTS The prevalence of frequent pain was 36.5% with no difference between boys and girls (p = 0.442). Boys with a longstanding disease or disability had higher odds of being in the frequent pain group (OR 2.167, 95% CI 1.168-4.020). Higher scores on health-related quality of life in all five domains for girls, and in two domains for boys, was associated with lower odds of being categorized into the frequent pain group. Frequent pain was associated with poor sleep quality (boys OR 2.533, 95% CI 1.243-5.162; girls OR 2.803, 95% CI 1.276-6.158) and more sedentary time (boys weekends OR 1.131, 95% CI 1.022-1.253; girls weekdays OR 1.137, 95% CI 1.032-1.253), but not with physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of frequent pain needs to be acknowledged and treated by school health-care services and the healthcare sector in order to prevent pain from influencing health and lifestyle factors negatively in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Malmborg
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Box 823, SE-301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
- Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Bäckagårdsvägen 47, SE-302 74 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Josefine Roswall
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Halland Hospital, SE-301 85 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Gerd Almquist-Tangen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Child Health Care Unit, Region Halland, SE-301 80 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bernt Alm
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bergman
- Spenshult Research and Development Centre, Bäckagårdsvägen 47, SE-302 74 Halmstad, Sweden
- Primary Health Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 454, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Dal Farra F, Arippa F, Carta G, Segreto M, Porcu E, Monticone M. Sport and non-specific low back pain in athletes: a scoping review. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:216. [PMID: 36564816 PMCID: PMC9789643 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contribution of sport in non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) remains unknown, due to a large heterogeneity in the methods applied in research. The aims of this scoping review (ScR) were to systematically map and summarize findings concerning studies reporting data on NS-LBP among athletes. METHODS This ScR was developed referring to the 2020 version of the "Joanna Briggs Institute Methodological Guidance" and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews. Five medical databases (Pubmed, Cochrane, Central, Embase, Pedro and Scopus) were searched up to November 2021. No limitations in terms of study design and language were applied. Results were presented numerically and thematically. RESULTS A total of 4061 records were identified through the initial search; 114 articles met the inclusion criteria. Publications have increased over the years, since 1990. Most of the studies were conducted in the USA (17.5%), even if most research was conducted in Europe (53.5%). Analytic observational (42%) and cross-sectional studies (37%) were the most used designs, followed by case reports (12%) and systematic reviews (9%). Boating (7%), football, soccer, volleyball, running and gymnastics (4.4% each) were the most investigated, although the majority of the studies considered sports in general (36.8%). The overall sample size median was 181, mean age 22 ± 10.2; 68% of athletes were professional and 32% amateur. Most of the studies (38%) did not detail the frequency of training. Sport was reported as a risk factor for developing NS-LBP in 67.5% of cases, especially in those studies which assessed activities implying high or repeated loading on the spine. CONCLUSIONS This is the first ScR to provide a comprehensive overview on this topic. The increased number of publications on the association between sport practice and NS-LBP demonstrates a growing interest over the years on this topic. Some sport activities seem to be more involved than others in LBP development; however, research methods are extremely varied, thus more standardized observational research may focus on specific disciplines to properly contribute to research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Dal Farra
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federico Arippa
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy ,Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, ARNAS G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Porcu
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Monticone
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy ,Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, ARNAS G. Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
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Wall J, Meehan WP, Trompeter K, Gissane C, Mockler D, van Dyk N, Wilson F. Incidence, prevalence and risk factors for low back pain in adolescent athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:1299-1306. [PMID: 36150752 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence, prevalence, risk factors and morphological presentations of low back pain (LBP) in adolescent athletes. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies evaluating the incidence and/or prevalence of LBP in adolescent athletes across all sports. RESULTS There were 80 studies included. The pooled incidence estimate of LBP in adolescent athletes was 11% (95% CI 8% to 13%, I2=0%) for 2 years, 36.0% (95% CI 4% to 68%, I2=99.3%) for 12 months and 14% (95% CI 7% to 22%, I2=76%) for 6 months incidence estimates. The pooled prevalence estimate of LBP in adolescent athletes was 42% (95% CI 29% to 55%, I2=96.6%) for last 12 months, 46% (95% CI 41.0% to 52%, I2=56%) for last 3 months and 16% (95% CI 9% to 23%, I2=98.3%) for point prevalence. Potential risk factors were sport participation, sport volume/intensity, concurrent lower extremity pain, overweight/high body mass index, older adolescent age, female sex and family history of LBP. The most common morphology reported was spondylolysis. Methodological quality was deemed high in 73% of cross-sectional studies and in 30% of cohort studies. Common reasons for downgrading at quality assessment were use of non-validated survey instruments and imprecision or absence of LBP definition. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION LBP is common among adolescent athletes, although incidence and prevalence vary considerably due to differences in study methodology, definitions of LBP and data collection. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020157206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wall
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William P Meehan
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katharina Trompeter
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Hochschule für Gesundheit Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Conor Gissane
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Mockler
- John Stearne Medical Library, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicol van Dyk
- High Performance Unit, Irish Rugby Football Union, Dublin, Ireland.,Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fiona Wilson
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Kubo A, Murata S, Abiko T, Tanaka S. The relationship between children's somatotypes, motor examination results, and motor skills: assessing 6- to 10-year-olds. J Phys Ther Sci 2022; 34:492-496. [PMID: 35784609 PMCID: PMC9246407 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.34.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Childhood motor disorders and obesity are major health problems and concerns in children today. We performed a physical examination to test the motor system and motor ability of elementary school children based on their body types. [Participants and Methods] The obesity levels of 161 elementary school students aged six to ten were calculated based on the gender, age, and standard weight for each height category to classify them into somatotype groups, and analyze the relationships among the results of four motor examination items, Physical Fitness Test, and body composition analysis for two groups. [Results] More obese children were unable to reach the floor while performing a standing forward bend compared to non-obese children. In addition, a significant difference was found in the assessment of motor performance while performing side-to-side jumping, and obese children showed better values. Many endomorphic children were also unable to touch the floor with their hands when performing the standing forward bend. Among the items from a physical fitness test, the side-to-side hops revealed significant differences. There were no somatotype-related differences in the results of the body composition analysis. [Conclusion] In children aged six to ten years, somatotype differences were not associated with motor skill or body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kubo
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nishikyushu University: 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga 842-8585, Japan
| | - Shin Murata
- Course of Physical Therapy, Department of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Japan
| | - Teppei Abiko
- Course of Physical Therapy, Department of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tanaka
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nishikyushu University: 4490-9 Ozaki, Kanzaki, Saga 842-8585, Japan
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Malmborg JS, Bremander A, Bergman S, Haglund E, Olsson MC. Musculoskeletal pain and its association with health status, maturity, and sports performance in adolescent sport school students: a 2-year follow-up. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:43. [PMID: 35313966 PMCID: PMC8939173 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal pain and its risk factors are rarely assessed in studies on adolescent athletes. The aim was to identify risk factors at baseline that were associated with the persistence or development of musculoskeletal pain at a two-year follow-up in adolescent sport school students, and to study cross-sectional associations at follow-up between musculoskeletal pain and sports performance.
Methods Sport school students (79 boys and 52 girls, aged 14 years at baseline) were divided into infrequent (never–monthly) or frequent (weekly–almost daily) pain groups, based on frequency of pain using a pain mannequin. Logistic regression analyses were performed to study longitudinal associations between frequent pain at follow-up and baseline variables: pain group, number of regions with frequent pain, health status by EQ-5D, maturity offset (pre, average, or post peak height velocity), and sports (contact or non-contact). Linear regression analyses were used to study cross-sectional associations between pain groups and 20-m sprint, agility T-test, counter-movement jump, and grip strength at follow-up. Results were stratified by sex. Results A higher percentage of girls than boys reported frequent pain at follow-up (62% vs. 37%; p = 0.005). In boys, frequent pain at follow-up was associated with being pre peak height velocity at baseline (OR 3.884, CI 1.146–13.171; p = 0.029) and participating in non-contact sports (OR 3.429, CI 1.001–11.748; p = 0.050). In girls, frequent pain at follow-up was associated with having frequent pain in two or more body regions at baseline (OR 3.600, CI 1.033–12.542; p = 0.044), having a worse health status at baseline (OR 3.571, CI 1.026–12.434; p = 0.045), and participating in non-contact sports (OR 8.282, CI 2.011–34.116; p = 0.003). In boys, frequent pain was associated with worse performances in 20-m sprint and counter-movement jump, but not in agility T-test and grip strength. Conclusions Baseline risk factors for having frequent pain at follow-up were late maturation in boys, frequent pain and worse health status in girls, and participation in non-contact sports in both sexes. Boys with pain performed worse in sports tests. Coaches and school health-care services should pay attention to the risk factors and work towards preventing pain from becoming persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Malmborg
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Box 823, 301 18, Halmstad, Sweden. .,Spenshult Research and Development Center, FoU Spenshult, Bäckagårdsvägen 47, 302 74, Halmstad, Sweden.
| | - Ann Bremander
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Box 823, 301 18, Halmstad, Sweden.,Spenshult Research and Development Center, FoU Spenshult, Bäckagårdsvägen 47, 302 74, Halmstad, Sweden.,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløvsparken 19.3, 5000, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Engelshøjgade 9A, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bergman
- Spenshult Research and Development Center, FoU Spenshult, Bäckagårdsvägen 47, 302 74, Halmstad, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Primary Health Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 454, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Haglund
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Box 823, 301 18, Halmstad, Sweden.,Spenshult Research and Development Center, FoU Spenshult, Bäckagårdsvägen 47, 302 74, Halmstad, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Charlotte Olsson
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Box 823, 301 18, Halmstad, Sweden
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Low Occurrence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Swimming? Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Sports Participation in Adolescents: Cross Sectional Study (ABCD—Growth Study). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063694. [PMID: 35329389 PMCID: PMC8952247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to identify the association between the occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MS) and sports participation in adolescents. The sample included 193 adolescents (11 to 17 years of age; 131 boys and 62 girls). For this cross-sectional study, participants were categorized into four groups: “no-sports”, “repetitive non-impact sports”, “high-impact sports”, and “odd-impact sports”. A questionnaire was used, which defined MS as pain or any musculoskeletal complaint that led to restriction of current normal activities. In the entire sample, 112 adolescents reported at least one episode of MS during the recording, representing 58% of the sample. Our findings highlight that adolescents regularly engaged in odd-impact sports, such as martial arts, report a higher occurrence of MS than swimmers and adolescents who do not participate in any physical activity.
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7
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Kentar Y, Schwarze M, Pepke W, Schiltenwolf M, Akbar M. Pediatric back pain-Diagnostic algorithm. DER ORTHOPADE 2021; 51:36-43. [PMID: 34767043 DOI: 10.1007/s00132-021-04189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Back pain in the pediatric population is common. History and a thorough physical examination and a systematic work-up approach are key components to guide the physician in evaluating the possible causes of pain and providing appropriate treatment. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this review was to develop an algorithmic approach to assist physicians in the assessment of pediatric back pain. A comprehensive review of prevalence, differential diagnoses and proper management of pediatric back pain are also presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS An extensive literature search was performed in PubMed to gather articles on the prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic tools, differential diagnoses and appropriate management of pediatric back pain. RESULTS Available literature revealed that pediatric back pain is a common complaint. Although most cases are non-specific and self-limiting, there is a wide differential that should be considered including inflammatory, neoplastic, infectious and mechanical causes. Sedentary lifestyle, obesity and vigorous physical activity have been shown to increase the likelihood of developing back pain. We proposed an algorithm to guide the physician's decision about the next step in the diagnostic process. CONCLUSION A well-defined strategy in the diagnostic process is needed in approaching children/adolescents with back pain. This would have the benefit of minimizing costs, unnecessary tests and child/family anxiety as well as increasing the likelihood of early diagnosis and proper treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kentar
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schwarze
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Pepke
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schiltenwolf
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Akbar
- MEOCLINIC GmbH, Friedrichstraße 71, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Shigematsu R, Katoh S, Suzuki K, Nakata Y, Sasai H. Sports Specialization and Sports-Related Injuries in Japanese School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Descriptive Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147369. [PMID: 34299823 PMCID: PMC8307530 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although early sports specialization is associated with sports-related injuries, relevant quantitative studies on young non-elite athletes, the majority of sports participants, are scarce. We described sports specialization time points and the characteristics of sports-related injuries. Undergraduate students at a university in Japan (n = 830) recalled their history of sports participation from elementary to high school and sports-related injuries in a self-administered questionnaire. Of 570 valid respondents, 486 (85%) engaged in sports at least once. Significantly more respondents played multiple sports in upper elementary school (30%) than in other school categories (1-23%). In junior high and high schools, 90% and 99% played only one sport, respectively. Of the 486 respondents who played sports, 263 (54%) had experienced acute or overuse injuries. The proportion of injured participants significantly differed by school category: lower elementary school (4%), upper elementary school (21%), junior high (35%), and high school (41%). The proportions of acute or overuse injuries in males were higher than those in females. In conclusion, this study clarified a slight variation in sports items, particularly in junior high and high schools, which demonstrates 13 years as the age of beginning specialization in a single sport. More than half of the non-elite athletes experienced sports-related injuries. Injuries were frequently observed in males and those in junior high and high schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Shigematsu
- Faculty of Education, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-565-46-6158
| | - Shuta Katoh
- Course for Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan;
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Department of Sports Science, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Nakata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Sasai
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan;
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Musculoskeletal Pain in Gymnasts: A Retrospective Analysis on a Cohort of Professional Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105460. [PMID: 34065250 PMCID: PMC8160814 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gymnastics athletes are exposed to a high risk of injury, but also of developing musculoskeletal pain. These data are still little investigated in the available scientific literature. An online survey was distributed to 79 professional athletes who practiced artistic and rhythmic gymnastics. The survey collected demographic and anthropometric data, information about the sport practice, the training sessions, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain gymnastics-related, and lifestyle habits. Musculoskeletal pain had a high prevalence, involving 65 of 79 athletes (82.3%). A significant correlation was found between musculoskeletal pain and the duration of sports practice, both for general pain (p = 0.041) and for specific districts: right wrist pain (p = 0.031), left wrist pain (p = 0.028), right shoulder (p = 0.039), left hip (p = 0.031), right thigh (p = 0.031), and left knee (p = 0.005). Another statistical association was found between right wrist pain and BMI (p = 0.001), and hip pain and BMI (p = 0.030). Hours spent in a sitting position were also correlated with the incidence of pain (p = 0.045). Wrist pain and right shoulder pain had a statistically significant association with the age of the athletes (right wrist pain: p = 0.038; left wrist pain: p = 0.004; right shoulder pain: p = 0.035). The more the gymnasts practice this sport, the more likely they are to develop musculoskeletal pain. Increased age and a higher BMI, as well as daily prolonged sitting position, seem to be potential risk factors for the onset of musculoskeletal pain. Future studies could plan training strategies aimed at preventing musculoskeletal pain associated with gymnastics, in order to promote its further spread.
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Prognostic factors for adolescent knee pain: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 1281 patients. Pain 2021; 162:1597-1607. [PMID: 33449504 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adolescent knee pain has a propensity for chronicity, impacting physical activity and health into adulthood. The aim of this study is to investigate prognostic factors in adolescents with knee pain using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. Studies were identified through a systematic search and a collaborative group. We included IPD from prospective studies of adolescents (age 10-19 years) with nontraumatic knee pain (13 studies and 1516 adolescents with 1281 unique participants). Primary outcomes were pain intensity and function (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score "Sport/Rec" subscale). Primary endpoint was 12 months. Risk of bias was appraised with Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Harmonised IPD was analysed by multilevel modelling. Fifty-one percent reported knee pain after 12-months. Lower baseline pain frequency was associated with lower pain intensity at 12 months ("less than weekly"; 12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 7-17) and "monthly"; 15 (95% CI 9-22) points lower on a 100-point pain scale, compared with "almost daily pain"). Other factors most strongly associated with 1-year pain prognosis were lower quality of life (30, 95% CI 19-42 points per unit change in the EQ5D index score), female sex (8 points, 95% CI 4-12 higher compared with males), and bilateral pain (7, 95% CI 1-13 points higher pain). Similar factors were associated with function. Body mass index, pain sensitivity, and knee strength were not associated with prognosis of pain or function. Adolescent knee pain is associated with clinically relevant long-term pain and functional deficits. Self-reported characteristics may help identify those at risk of poor prognosis.
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Ilic I, Milicic V, Grujicic S, Zivanovic Macuzic I, Kocic S, Ilic MD. Prevalence and correlates of low back pain among undergraduate medical students in Serbia, a cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11055. [PMID: 33732555 PMCID: PMC7950191 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low back pain (LBP) is a serious health problem among medical students. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors for LBP among Serbian medical students. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among medical students at one University in Serbia. Data was collected by a self-reported questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with LBP; results from the analyses were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The study sample comprised 499 medical students, giving a response rate of 92.9%. The mean age of the participants was 22.0 ± 2.2 years (range 18–34). Overall, 20.8% (104/499) of medical students had LBP at the time of study. Cigarette smoking (OR = 2.5, 95% CI [1.5–4.2], p = 0.001), stress during classes (OR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.1–3.0], p = 0.039), incorrect sleeping position (OR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.2–3.1], p = 0.006) and family history of LBP (OR = 1.6, 95% CI [1.1–2.7], p = 0.047) were independently associated with high prevalence of LBP at the time of the study. Conclusions LBP is a highly prevalent health problem in medical students in Serbia. The association between LBP and cigarette smoking, stress during classes, incorrect sleeping position and LBP in family history has been observed in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Milicic
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sandra Grujicic
- Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Zivanovic Macuzic
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Kocic
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milena D Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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12
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Noll M, Candotti CT, da Rosa BN, Vieira A, Loss JF. Back pain and its risk factors in Brazilian adolescents: a longitudinal study. Br J Pain 2019; 15:16-25. [PMID: 33633850 DOI: 10.1177/2049463719871751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the lack of longitudinal studies in Latin American countries, we aimed to evaluate back pain and its risk factors in a 3-year longitudinal study of Brazilian adolescents. We analysed data of 525 adolescents (aged 11-16 years) attending primary school (fifth to eighth grade) in Brazil. The students were administered the self-reported Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument (BackPEI) questionnaire in 2011 and at a follow-up evaluation that was conducted 3 years later (2014). Back pain was the outcome variable; the exposure variables included exercise, behavioural, hereditary and postural factors. Generalized estimating equations were used to perform a Poisson regression model with robust variance to evaluate the risk factors for back pain. The prevalence of back pain at baseline was 56% (n = 294); this increased significantly at the 3-year follow-up evaluation to 65.9% (n = 346). The frequency of experiencing back pain also significantly increased after 3 years in both boys (p = 0.002) and girls (p = 0.001). The prevalence of back pain increased significantly in adolescents up to the age of 13 years, stabilized in those aged 14 years and older and was higher among girls. A family history of back pain (in the parents), watching television for lengthy periods and carrying a backpack asymmetrically were predictors for back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adriane Vieira
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Keeratisiroj O, Siritaratiwat W. Prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal pain symptoms among school-age adolescents: age and sex differences. Scand J Pain 2019; 18:273-280. [PMID: 29794297 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2017-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Non-specific musculoskeletal pain symptoms are common in adolescents and may differ between the sexes, and be related to age and daily activities. It is critical to examine the prevalence and frequency of symptoms in adolescent students who tend to have pain which interferes with their routine activities. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and frequency of self-reported musculoskeletal pain symptoms by age and sex, and we also examined the association of symptoms with routine activities of school-age adolescents by area of pain. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Thai students aged 10-19 years. All 2,750 students were asked to report previous 7-day and/or 12-month pain using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire (Thai version) in 10 body areas. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age and sex was used to analyze the association between daily activity and musculoskeletal pain symptoms. RESULTS A total of 76.1% (n=2,093) of students reported experiencing pain in the previous 7 days, 73.0% (n=2,007) reported in the previous 12-month period and 83.8% (n=2,304) reported pain in both 7-day and 12-month periods. The most common pain area was from a headache, with other areas being neck and shoulders, in that order, for both periods of time. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was especially higher in older groups and females. Participants reported frequency of pain as "sometimes in different areas" ranging from 78.4% to 88% and severity of pain at 3.82±2.06 out of 10 (95% CI 3.74-3.91). Routine daily activities associated with symptoms of headache, neck, shoulders, and ankles or feet pain were computer use (head, OR=2.22), school bag carrying (neck, OR=2.05), school bag carrying (shoulder, OR=3.09), and playing sports (ankle or foot, OR=2.68). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain symptoms was high in both the previous 7-day and 12-month periods, especially in females and older adolescents, although most of them sometimes experienced pain. Computer use and school bag carrying were associated with headache, neck and shoulder pain, while playing sports was related to symptoms of the foot and ankle. IMPLICATIONS The prevalence of pain was high, particularly in the older and female groups. Although they experienced mild symptoms sometimes, the related daily activities leading to these symptoms should be closely noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wantana Siritaratiwat
- Back, Neck, Other Joint Pain, and Human Performance Research Center (BNOJPH), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand, Phone/Fax: +66-4320-2085
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14
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Muntaner-Mas A, Palou P, Ortega FB, Vidal-Conti J. Sports participation and low back pain in schoolchildren. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2019; 31:811-819. [PMID: 29865031 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-171062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is one of the biggest health problems worldwide. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sports participation (duration and type) and LBP related outcomes in childhood. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 5th and 6th grade primary school students. The final sample included 2,032 children aged 10-12 years old. Children completed a questionnaire about the prevalence of LBP and some LBP-related outcomes. In addition, the participants were surveyed about the type of sport they did and the duration. RESULTS There appears to be no relation between sports participation and severity of LBP-related outcomes studied, independently of their duration. Participating in football ⩾ 4 hours per week was associated with a decrease of six LBP-related outcomes (OR ranging from 0.54 to 0.66). Basketball participation does not seem to affect the development of back problems amongst children. CONCLUSIONS It can be suggested with caution that doing sport is not dangerous for LBP problems in children aged 10-12 years old. Nevertheless, this suggestion should be tested with further longitudinal and intervention studies to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Muntaner-Mas
- Physical Activity and Sports Science Research Group (GICAFE), Faculty of Education, University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Pere Palou
- Physical Activity and Sports Science Research Group (GICAFE), Faculty of Education, University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal-Conti
- Physical Activity and Sports Science Research Group (GICAFE), Faculty of Education, University of Balearic Islands, Balearic Islands, Spain
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15
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Malmborg JS, Olsson MC, Bergman S, Bremander A. Musculoskeletal pain and its association with maturity and sports performance in 14-year-old sport school students. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000395. [PMID: 30018793 PMCID: PMC6045717 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In youth sports, musculoskeletal pain is often studied from the standpoint of sports injuries, but little is known about pain conditions in which athletes still participate. The aim was to study the frequency of pain and associations with maturity offset, health status and sports performance in 14-year-old sport school students. METHODS Cross-sectional design. One hundred and seventy-eight students (108 boys and 70 girls) completed anthropometric measures for maturity offset (height, weight and sitting height), questionnaires (pain mannequin and EQ-5D for health status) and sports performance tests (sprint, agility, counter-movement jump and grip strength). Differences between groups were analysed with Student's t-test and analysis of covariance. RESULTS Thirty-one students (18.6%) reported infrequent pain, 85 (50.9%) frequent pain and 51 (30.5%) constant pain. Students in the constant pain group had worse health status than those in the infrequent pain group. Boys with constant pain (n=27) had a lower mean maturity offset (-0.38 vs 0.07 years; p=0.03) than boys with infrequent pain (n=22), and pain was associated with worse sports performance. There was no difference in maturity or sports performance between girls with constant pain (n=24) and girls with infrequent pain (n=9). CONCLUSION Musculoskeletal pain is common in sport school students and coincides with worse health status and with a younger biological age in boys. The high prevalence of pain should be acknowledged by coaches and student healthcare workers in order to promote a healthy and sustainable development in young athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Malmborg
- The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Spenshult Research and Development Center, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - M Charlotte Olsson
- The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Malmö Sports Academy, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bergman
- Primary Health Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann Bremander
- The Rydberg Laboratory for Applied Sciences, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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16
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Holden S, Rathleff M, Roos E, Jensen M, Pourbordbari N, Graven-Nielsen T. Pain patterns during adolescence can be grouped into four pain classes with distinct profiles: A study on a population based cohort of 2953 adolescents. Eur J Pain 2017; 22:793-799. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Holden
- Research Unit for General Practice in Aalborg; Department of Clinical Medicine; Aalborg University; Denmark
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP); SMI; Department of Health Science and Technology; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - M.S. Rathleff
- Research Unit for General Practice in Aalborg; Department of Clinical Medicine; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - E.M. Roos
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - M.B. Jensen
- Research Unit for General Practice in Aalborg; Department of Clinical Medicine; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - N. Pourbordbari
- Research Unit for General Practice in Aalborg; Department of Clinical Medicine; Aalborg University; Denmark
| | - T. Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP); SMI; Department of Health Science and Technology; Aalborg University; Denmark
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17
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Trajectories of musculoskeletal pain from adolescence to middle age: the role of early depressive symptoms, a 27-year follow-up of the Northern Swedish Cohort. Pain 2017; 159:67-74. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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18
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Abe T, Kamada M, Kitayuguchi J, Okada S, Mutoh Y, Uchio Y. Is being a regular player with fewer teammates associated with musculoskeletal pain in youth team sports? A cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:105. [PMID: 28288602 PMCID: PMC5348770 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is a commonly reported symptom in youth sports players. Some sports-related risk factors have been reported, but previous studies on extrinsic risk factors did not focus on management of team members (e.g., regular or non-regular players, number of players) for reducing sports-related MSP. This study aimed to examine the association of playing status (regular or non-regular players) and team status (fewer or more teammates) with MSP in youth team sports. Methods A total of 632 team sports players (age: 12–18 years) in public schools in Unnan, Japan completed a self-administered questionnaire to determine MSP (overall, upper limbs, lower back, and lower limbs) and playing status (regular or non-regular players). Team status was calculated as follows: teammate quantity index (TQI) = [number of teammates in their grade]/[required number of players for the sport]. Associations between the prevalence of pain and joint categories of playing and team status were examined by multivariable-adjusted Poisson regression. Results A total of 272 (44.3%) participants had MSP at least several times a week in at least one part of the body. When divided by playing or team status, 140 (47.0%) regular and 130 (41.7%) non-regular players had MSP, whereas 142 (47.0%) players with fewer teammates (lower TQI) and 127 (41.8%) players with more teammates (higher TQI) had MSP. When analyzed jointly, regular players with fewer teammates had a higher prevalence of lower back pain compared with non-regular players with more teammates (21.3% vs 8.3%; prevalence ratio = 2.08 [95% confidence interval 1.07–4.02]). The prevalence of MSP was highest in regular players with fewer teammates for all other pain outcomes, but this was not significant. Conclusion Regular players with fewer teammates have a higher risk of lower back pain. Future longitudinal investigations are required. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1470-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Health Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for the Promotion of Project Research, Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan. .,Physical Education and Medicine Research Center UNNAN, 328 Uji, Kamo-cho, Unnan City, Shimane, 699-1105, Japan. .,Department of Orthopaedics, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Kamada
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, 4th floor, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Jun Kitayuguchi
- Physical Education and Medicine Research Center UNNAN, 328 Uji, Kamo-cho, Unnan City, Shimane, 699-1105, Japan
| | - Shinpei Okada
- Physical Education and Medicine Research Foundation, 6-1 Nunoshita, Tomi City, Nagano, 389-0402, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1, Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Mutoh
- The Research Institute of Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-0081, Japan
| | - Yuji Uchio
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shimane University School of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo City, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
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