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Evans WS, Sapp RM, Kim K, Heilman JM, Hagberg JM, Prior SJ. Re: Letter to the Editor on: "Effects of Exercise Training on the Paracrine Function of Circulating Angiogenic Cells.". Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:1139. [PMID: 34731896 DOI: 10.1055/a-1527-5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William S Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Ryan M Sapp
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Katherine Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - James M Heilman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - James M Hagberg
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Steven J Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America
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Effects of exercise on endothelial progenitor cells in patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rev Port Cardiol 2019; 38:817-827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Effects of exercise on endothelial progenitor cells in patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Sapp RM, Evans WS, Eagan LE, Chesney CA, Zietowski EM, Prior SJ, Ranadive SM, Hagberg JM. The effects of moderate and high-intensity exercise on circulating markers of endothelial integrity and activation in young, healthy men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1245-1256. [PMID: 31487226 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00477.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial function typically exhibits a hormetic response to exercise. It is unknown whether endothelial damage occurs in response to acute exercise and could be a contributing mechanism. We sought to determine the effects of acute exercise on endothelial-derived circulating factors proposed to reflect endothelial integrity and activation. Young, healthy men (n = 10) underwent 30-min moderate continuous (MOD) and high-intensity interval (HII) cycling exercise bouts. Venous blood samples were taken immediately before and after exercise for quantification of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), apoptotic and activated endothelial microvesicles (EMVs), thrombomodulin (TM), von Willebrand factor (vWF), syndecan-1, and circulating microRNAs (ci-miRs) 126-3p and 126-5p. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery before, 10 min after, and 60 min after exercise. Numbers of CECs and EMVs were unchanged by either exercise bout (P > 0.05). Numbers of all measured CAC subtypes decreased in response to MOD (21%-34%, P < 0.05), whereas only CD31+/34+/45dim/- CACs decreased following HII (21%, P < 0.05). TM and syndecan-1 increased with both exercise intensities (both ~20%, P < 0.05). HII, but not MOD, increased vWF (88%, P < 0.001), ci-miR-126-3p (92%, P = 0.009) and ci-miR-126-5p (110%, P = 0.01). The changes in several circulating factors correlated with changes in FMD following either one or both intensities. Changes in circulating factors do not support the concept of exercise-induced endothelial cell denudation, apoptosis, or activation, though slight disruption of endothelial glycocalyx and membrane integrity may occur. A related loss of mechanotransduction along with mechanisms underlying endothelial activation and ci-miR-126 secretion may relate to changes in endothelial function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using circulating endothelial-derived factors, we show that endothelial denudation, apoptosis, and activation do not appear to increase, whereas disrupted endothelial glycocalyx and membrane integrity may occur during both high-intensity interval and moderate intensity cycling. Increases in factors nonspecific to endothelial damage, including von Willebrand factor and microRNA-126, occurred only after high-intensity interval exercise. These results shed light on the hypothesis that disrupted endothelial integrity contributes to the endothelial function response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Sapp
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - William S Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Lauren E Eagan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Catalina A Chesney
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Evelyn M Zietowski
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Steven J Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sushant M Ranadive
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - James M Hagberg
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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O'Carroll L, Wardrop B, Murphy RP, Ross MD, Harrison M. Circulating angiogenic cell response to sprint interval and continuous exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:743-752. [PMID: 30673849 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-04065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although commonly understood as immune cells, certain T lymphocyte and monocyte subsets have angiogenic potential, contributing to blood vessel growth and repair. These cells are highly exercise responsive and may contribute to the cardiovascular benefits seen with exercise. PURPOSE To compare the effects of a single bout of continuous (CONTEX) and sprint interval exercise (SPRINT) on circulating angiogenic cells (CAC) in healthy recreationally active adults. METHODS Twelve participants (aged 29 ± 2 years, BMI 25.5 ± 0.9 kg m- 2, [Formula: see text]peak 44.3 ± 1.8 ml kg- 1 min- 1; mean ± SEM) participated in the study. Participants completed a 45-min bout of CONTEX at 70% peak oxygen uptake and 6 × 20 s sprints on a cycle ergometer, in a counterbalanced design. Blood was sampled pre-, post-, 2 h and 24 h post-exercise for quantification of CAC subsets by whole blood flow cytometric analysis. Angiogenic T lymphocytes (TANG) and angiogenic Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEM) were identified by the expression of CD31 and Tie2, respectively. RESULTS Circulating (cells µL- 1) CD3+CD31+ TANG increased immediately post-exercise in both trials (p < 0.05), with a significantly greater increase (p < 0.05) following SPRINT (+ 57%) compared to CONTEX (+ 14%). Exercise increased (p < 0.05) the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 on TANG at 24 h. Tie2-expressing classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+) and non-classical (CD14+CD16++) monocytes and circulating CD34+CD45dim progenitor cells were higher post-exercise in SPRINT, but unchanged in CONTEX. All post-exercise increases in SPRINT were back to pre-exercise levels at 2 h and 24 h. CONCLUSION Acute exercise transiently increases circulating TANG, TEM and progenitor cells with greater increases evident following very high intensity sprint exercise than following prolonged continuous paced endurance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis O'Carroll
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Bruce Wardrop
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Ronan P Murphy
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark D Ross
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Harrison
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
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Stoner L, Hanson ED, Gram M, Allen JD, Malin SK. Research Toolbox for Peripheral Arterial Disease - Minimally Invasive Assessment of the Vasculature and Skeletal Muscle. Circ J 2018; 82:2462-2469. [PMID: 30058605 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 2010, more than 200 million people were afflicted with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Because it is atherosclerotic in etiology, it is not surprising that PAD is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk can be decreased if ambulatory physical function is improved. However, physical function is limited by a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand in the legs, which results in exertional pain, leg weakness, and balance problems. Therefore, a key factor for improving physical function, and decreasing CVD outcomes, is ensuring oxygen supply meets the oxygen demand. The purpose of this review is to highlight and evaluate practical and minimally invasive tools for assessing PAD etiology, with a specific focus on tools suited to studies focusing on improving physical function and CVD outcomes. Specifically, the macrovascular, microvascular, and skeletal muscle pathology of PAD is briefly outlined. Subsequently, the tools for assessing each of these components is discussed, including, where available, the evidence to contextualize these tools to PAD pathology as well as physical function and CVD outcomes. The goal of this review is to guide researchers to the appropriate tools with respect to their methodological design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Martin Gram
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University
| | - Jason D Allen
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia
| | - Steven K Malin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Virginia.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia
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Joyner MJ, Dempsey JA. Physiological Redundancy and the Integrative Responses to Exercise. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a029660. [PMID: 28490539 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The biological responses to acute and chronic exercise are marked by a high level of physiological redundancy that operates at various levels of integration, including the molecular, cellular, organ-system, and whole-body scale. During acute exercise, this redundancy protects whole-body homeostasis in the face of 10-fold or more increases in whole-body metabolic rate. In some cases, there are "trade-offs" between optimizing the performance of a given organ or system versus whole-body performance. Physiological redundancy also plays a key role in the adaptive responses to exercise training and high levels of habitual physical activity, including the positive effects of regular exercise on health. Appreciation of the general principles of physiological redundancy is critical to (1) gain an overall understanding of short- and long-term responses to exercise, and (2) place physiological responses occurring at various levels of integration in perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Jerome A Dempsey
- John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Boppart MD, De Lisio M, Witkowski S. Exercise and Stem Cells. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 135:423-56. [PMID: 26477925 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are traditionally studied in the context of embryonic development, yet studies confirm that a fraction remains in the adult organism for the purpose of daily remodeling and rejuvenation of multiple tissues following injury. Adult stem cells (ASCs) are found in close proximity to vessels and respond to tissue-specific cues in the microenvironment that dictate their fate and function. Exercise can dramatically alter strain sensing, extracellular matrix composition, and inflammation, and such changes in the niche likely alter ASC quantity and function postexercise. The field of stem cell biology is still in its infancy and identification and terminology of ASCs continues to evolve; thus, current information regarding exercise and stem cells is lacking. This chapter summarizes the literature that reports on the ASC response to acute exercise and exercise training, with particular emphasis on hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Witkowski
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Cardiovascular morbidity imposes a high degree of disability and mortality, with limited therapeutic options available in end-stage disease. Integral to standard of care, cardiac rehabilitation aims on improving quality-of-life and prolonging survival. The recent advent of regenerative technologies paves the way for a transformative era in rehabilitation medicine whereby, beyond controlling risk factors and disease progression, the prospect of curative solutions is increasingly tangible. To date, the spectrum of clinical experience in cardiac regenerative medicine relies on stem cell-based therapies delivered to the diseased myocardium either acutely/subacutely, after a coronary event, or in the setting of chronic heart failure. Application of autologous/allogeneic stem cell platforms has established safety and feasibility, with encouraging signals of efficacy. Newer protocols aim to purify cell populations in an attempt to eliminate nonregenerative and enrich for regenerative cell types before use. Most advanced technologies have been developed to isolate resident cell populations directly from the heart or, alternatively, condition cells from noncardiac sources to attain a disease-targeted lineage-specified phenotype for optimized outcome. Because a multiplicity of cell-based technologies has undergone phase I/II evaluation, pivotal trials are currently underway in larger patient populations. Translation of regenerative principles into clinical practice will increasingly involve rehabilitation providers across the continuum of patient care. Regenerative rehabilitation is thus an emerging multidisciplinary field, full of opportunities and ready to be explored.
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Mathieu E, Battiston KG, McBane JE, Davidson L, Suuronen EJ, Santerre JP, Labow RS. Characterization of a degradable polar hydrophobic ionic polyurethane with circulating angiogenic cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2014; 25:1159-73. [PMID: 24898697 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2014.923367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the interaction of human circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) with a degradable polar hydrophobic ionic polyurethane (D-PHI) which has been previously shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory character and favorable interactions with human endothelial cells (ECs). Given the implication of the CACs in microvessel development it was of intrinsic interest to expand our knowledge of D-PHI biocompatibility with this relevant primary cell involved in angiogenesis. The findings will be compared to a well-established benchmark substrate for CACs, fibronectin-coated tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). Immunoblotting analysis showed that CACs were a heterogeneous population of cells composed mostly of monocytic cells expressing the CD14 marker. Assessment of the cytokine release profile, using ELISA, showed that D-PHI supported a higher concentration of interleukin-10 (IL-10) when compared to the concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha, which is indicative of an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and was different from the response with TCPS. It was found that the CACs were attached to D-PHI and remained viable and functional (nitric oxide production) during the seven days of culture. However, there did not appear to be any significant proliferation on D-PHI, contrary to the CAC growth on fibronectin-coated TCPS. It was concluded that D-PHI displayed some of the qualities suitable to enable the retention of CACs onto this substrate, as well as maintaining an anti-inflammatory phenotype, characteristics which have been reported to be important for angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mathieu
- a Division of Cardiac Surgery , University of Ottawa Heart Institute , Ottawa , Canada
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Fiuza-Luces C, Garatachea N, Berger NA, Lucia A. Exercise is the real polypill. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 28:330-58. [PMID: 23997192 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of a "polypill" is receiving growing attention to prevent cardiovascular disease. Yet similar if not overall higher benefits are achievable with regular exercise, a drug-free intervention for which our genome has been haped over evolution. Compared with drugs, exercise is available at low cost and relatively free of adverse effects. We summarize epidemiological evidence on the preventive/therapeutic benefits of exercise and on the main biological mediators involved.
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Jenkins NT, Martin JS, Laughlin MH, Padilla J. Exercise-induced Signals for Vascular Endothelial Adaptations: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2012; 6:331-346. [PMID: 22844545 PMCID: PMC3404842 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-012-0241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of hemodynamic signals, external/compressive forces, and circulating factors that mediate exercise training-induced vascular adaptations, with particular attention to the roles of these signals in prevention and treatment of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular (CV) diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Harold Laughlin
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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