1
|
Abosalha AK, Ahmad W, Boyajian J, Islam P, Ghebretatios M, Schaly S, Thareja R, Arora K, Prakash S. A comprehensive update of siRNA delivery design strategies for targeted and effective gene silencing in gene therapy and other applications. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:149-161. [PMID: 36514963 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2155630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION RNA interference (RNAi) using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising strategy to control many genetic disorders by targeting the mRNA of underlying genes and degrade it. However, the delivery of siRNA to targeted organs is highly restricted by several intracellular and extracellular barriers. AREAS COVERED This review discusses various design strategies developed to overcome siRNA delivery obstacles. The applied techniques involve chemical modification, bioconjugation to specific ligands, and carrier-mediated strategies. Nanotechnology-based systems like liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), dendrimers, and polymeric nanoparticles (PNs) are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Although the mechanism of siRNA as a gene silencer is well-established, only a few products are available as therapeutics. There is a great need to develop and establish siRNA delivery systems that protects siRNAs and delivers them efficiently to the desired sitesare efficient and capable of targeted delivery. Several diseases are reported to be controlled by siRNA at their early stages. However, their targeted delivery is a daunting challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Khaled Abosalha
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University H3A 2B4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Pharmaceutical Technology department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University H3A 2B4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Boyajian
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University H3A 2B4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paromita Islam
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University H3A 2B4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Merry Ghebretatios
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University H3A 2B4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Schaly
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University H3A 2B4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rahul Thareja
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University H3A 2B4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karan Arora
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University H3A 2B4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University H3A 2B4, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Serumula W, Fernandez G, Gonzalez VM, Parboosing R. Anti-HIV Aptamers: Challenges and Prospects. Curr HIV Res 2022; 20:7-19. [PMID: 34503417 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x19666210908114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection continues to be a significant health burden in many countries around the world. Current HIV treatment through a combination of different antiretroviral drugs (cART) effectively suppresses viral replication, but drug resistance and crossresistance are significant challenges. This has prompted the search for novel targets and agents, such as nucleic acid aptamers. Nucleic acid aptamers are oligonucleotides that attach to the target sites with high affinity and specificity. This review provides a target-by-target account of research into anti-HIV aptamers and summarises the challenges and prospects of this therapeutic strategy, specifically in the unique context of HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Serumula
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of KwaZulu-Natal, c/o Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, 5th Floor Laboratory Building, 800 Bellair Road, Mayville, Durban 4091, South Africa
| | - Geronimo Fernandez
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Aptus Biotech SL, Avda. Cardenal Herrera Oria, 298-28035 Madrid. Spain
| | - Victor M Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)-Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raveen Parboosing
- Department of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, University of KwaZulu-Natal, c/o Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, 5th Floor Laboratory Building, 800 Bellair Road, Mayville, Durban 4091, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics have shown great promise in treating a broad spectrum of diseases through various mechanisms including knockdown of pathological genes, expression of therapeutic proteins, and programmed gene editing. Due to the inherent instability and negative-charges of RNA molecules, RNA-based therapeutics can make the most use of delivery systems to overcome biological barriers and to release the RNA payload into the cytosol. Among different types of delivery systems, lipid-based RNA delivery systems, particularly lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), have been extensively studied due to their unique properties, such as simple chemical synthesis of lipid components, scalable manufacturing processes of LNPs, and wide packaging capability. LNPs represent the most widely used delivery systems for RNA-based therapeutics, as evidenced by the clinical approvals of three LNP-RNA formulations, patisiran, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273. This review covers recent advances of lipids, lipid derivatives, and lipid-derived macromolecules used in RNA delivery over the past several decades. We focus mainly on their chemical structures, synthetic routes, characterization, formulation methods, and structure-activity relationships. We also briefly describe the current status of representative preclinical studies and clinical trials and highlight future opportunities and challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuebao Zhang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Changzhen Sun
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chang Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Katarina E Jankovic
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Division of Pharmaceutics & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Could gene therapy cure HIV? Life Sci 2021; 277:119451. [PMID: 33811896 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed almost 33 million lives so far. According to the recent report of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, about 38 million people are living with AIDS. Hence, finding a solution to overcome this life-threatening virus can save millions of lives. Scientists and medical doctors have prescribed HIV patients with specific drugs for many years. Methods such antiretroviral therapy (ART) or latency-reversing agents (LRAs) have been used for a while to treat HIV patients, however they have some side effects and drawbacks causing their application to be not quite successful. Instead, the application of gene therapy which refers to the utilization of the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acids into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease has shown promising results to control HIV infection. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize recent advances in gene therapy approach against HIV.
Collapse
|
5
|
Expanding the Scope of the Cleavable N-(methoxy)oxazolidine Linker for the Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Conjugates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020490. [PMID: 33477693 PMCID: PMC7838870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotides modified by a 2′-deoxy-2′-(N-methoxyamino) ribonucleotide react readily with aldehydes in slightly acidic conditions to yield the corresponding N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linked oligonucleotide-conjugates. The reaction is reversible and dynamic in slightly acidic conditions, while the products are virtually stable above pH 7, where the reaction is in a ‘‘switched off-state’’. Small molecular examinations have demonstrated that aldehyde constituents affect the cleavage rate of the N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linkage. This can be utilized to adjust the stability of this pH-responsive cleavable linker for drug delivery applications. In the present study, Fmoc-β-Ala-H was immobilized to a serine-modified ChemMatrix resin and used for the automated assembly of two peptidealdehydes and one aldehyde-modified peptide nucleic acid (PNA). In addition, a triantennary N-acetyl-d-galactosamine-cluster with a β-Ala-H unit has been synthesized. These aldehydes were conjugated via N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linkage to therapeutically relevant oligonucleotide phosphorothioates and one DNA-aptamer in 19–47% isolated yields. The cleavage rates of the conjugates were studied in slightly acidic conditions. In addition to the diverse set of conjugates synthesized, these experiments and a comparison to published data demonstrate that the simple conversion of Gly-H to β-Ala-H residue resulted in a faster cleavage of the N-(methoxy)oxazolidine-linker at pH 5, being comparable (T0.5 ca 7 h) to hydrazone-based structures.
Collapse
|
6
|
Piyush R, Rajarshi K, Chatterjee A, Khan R, Ray S. Nucleic acid-based therapy for coronavirus disease 2019. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05007. [PMID: 32984620 PMCID: PMC7501848 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic that originated in China has already spread into more than 190 countries, resulting in huge loss of human life and many more are at the stake of losing it; if not intervened with the best therapeutics to contain the disease. For that aspect, various scientific groups are continuously involved in the development of an effective line of treatment to control the novel coronavirus from spreading rapidly. Worldwide scientists are evaluating various biomolecules and synthetic inhibitors against COVID-19; where the nucleic acid-based molecules may be considered as potential drug candidates. These molecules have been proved potentially effective against SARS-CoV, which shares high sequence similarity with SARS-CoV-2. Recent advancements in nucleic acid-based therapeutics are helpful in targeted drug delivery, safely and effectively. The use of nucleic acid-based molecules also known to regulate the level of gene expression inside the target cells. This review mainly focuses on various nucleic acid-based biologically active molecules and their therapeutic potentials in developing vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikant Piyush
- School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625021, India
| | - Keshav Rajarshi
- School of Community Science and Technology (SOCSAT) Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal 711103, India
| | - Aroni Chatterjee
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Virus Research Laboratory, NICED, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajni Khan
- Motihari College of Engineering, Bariyarpur, Motihari, NH 28A, Furshatpur, Motihari, Bihar 845401, India
| | - Shashikant Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University Motihari, 845401, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
As the HIV pandemic rapidly spread worldwide in the 1980s and 1990s, a new approach to treat cancer, genetic diseases, and infectious diseases was also emerging. Cell and gene therapy strategies are connected with human pathologies at a fundamental level, by delivering DNA and RNA molecules that could correct and/or ameliorate the underlying genetic factors of any illness. The history of HIV gene therapy is especially intriguing, in that the virus that was targeted was soon co-opted to become part of the targeting strategy. Today, HIV-based lentiviral vectors, along with many other gene delivery strategies, have been used to evaluate HIV cure approaches in cell culture, small and large animal models, and in patients. Here, we trace HIV cell and gene therapy from the earliest clinical trials, using genetically unmodified cell products from the patient or from matched donors, through current state-of-the-art strategies. These include engineering HIV-specific immunity in T-cells, gene editing approaches to render all blood cells in the body HIV-resistant, and most importantly, combination therapies that draw from both of these respective "offensive" and "defensive" approaches. It is widely agreed upon that combinatorial approaches are the most promising route to functional cure/remission of HIV infection. This chapter outlines cell and gene therapy strategies that are poised to play an essential role in eradicating HIV-infected cells in vivo.
Collapse
|
8
|
Benizri S, Gissot A, Martin A, Vialet B, Grinstaff MW, Barthélémy P. Bioconjugated Oligonucleotides: Recent Developments and Therapeutic Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:366-383. [PMID: 30608140 PMCID: PMC6766081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based agents have the potential to treat or cure almost any disease, and are one of the key therapeutic drug classes of the future. Bioconjugated oligonucleotides, a subset of this class, are emerging from basic research and being successfully translated to the clinic. In this Review, we first briefly describe two approaches for inhibiting specific genes using oligonucleotides-antisense DNA (ASO) and RNA interference (RNAi)-followed by a discussion on delivery to cells. We then summarize and analyze recent developments in bioconjugated oligonucleotides including those possessing GalNAc, cell penetrating peptides, α-tocopherol, aptamers, antibodies, cholesterol, squalene, fatty acids, or nucleolipids. These novel conjugates provide a means to enhance tissue targeting, cell internalization, endosomal escape, target binding specificity, resistance to nucleases, and more. We next describe those bioconjugated oligonucleotides approved for patient use or in clinical trials. Finally, we summarize the state of the field, describe current limitations, and discuss future prospects. Bioconjugation chemistry is at the centerpiece of this therapeutic oligonucleotide revolution, and significant opportunities exist for development of new modification chemistries, for mechanistic studies at the chemical-biology interface, and for translating such agents to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Benizri
- Inserm U1212, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Universitéde Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Gissot
- Inserm U1212, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Universitéde Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Andrew Martin
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Brune Vialet
- Inserm U1212, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Universitéde Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Philippe Barthélémy
- Inserm U1212, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- CNRS 5320, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
- Universitéde Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vandavasi VG, Blakeley MP, Keen DA, Hu LR, Huang Z, Kovalevsky A. Temperature-Induced Replacement of Phosphate Proton with Metal Ion Captured in Neutron Structures of A-DNA. Structure 2018; 26:1645-1650.e3. [PMID: 30244969 PMCID: PMC6281803 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids can fold into well-defined 3D structures that help determine their function. Knowing precise nucleic acid structures can also be used for the design of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. However, locations of hydrogen atoms, which are key players of nucleic acid function, are normally not determined with X-ray crystallography. Accurate determination of hydrogen atom positions can provide indispensable information on protonation states, hydrogen bonding, and water architecture in nucleic acids. Here, we used neutron crystallography in combination with X-ray diffraction to obtain joint X-ray/neutron structures at both room and cryo temperatures of a self-complementary A-DNA oligonucleotide d[GTGG(CSe)CAC]2 containing 2'-SeCH3 modification on Cyt5 (CSe) at pH 5.6. We directly observed protonation of a backbone phosphate oxygen of Ade7 at room temperature. The proton is replaced with hydrated Mg2+ upon cooling the crystal to 100 K, indicating that metal binding is favored at low temperature, whereas proton binding is dominant at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venu Gopal Vandavasi
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37922, USA
| | - Matthew P Blakeley
- Large Scale Structures Group, Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | | | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Andrey Kovalevsky
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37922, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Poolsup S, Kim CY. Therapeutic applications of synthetic nucleic acid aptamers. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 48:180-186. [PMID: 28582756 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It is possible to generate oligonucleotide aptamers for a wide variety of target molecules using a process known as Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment. Researchers have successfully generated aptamers which recognize specific metal ions, small chemical compounds, peptides, proteins, saccharides, and even whole cells. Aptamers show much promise as future therapeutics and as drug targeting agents. A particularly active area of aptamer research in the past two years was development of aptamer based cancer therapeutics and development of aptamer based cancer drug delivery systems. Aptamers were also used to address inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and eye diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suttinee Poolsup
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79912, United States
| | - Chu-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79912, United States; School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
González VM, Martín ME, Fernández G, García-Sacristán A. Use of Aptamers as Diagnostics Tools and Antiviral Agents for Human Viruses. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9040078. [PMID: 27999271 PMCID: PMC5198053 DOI: 10.3390/ph9040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate diagnosis is the key factor for treatment of viral diseases. Time is the most important factor in rapidly developing and epidemiologically dangerous diseases, such as influenza, Ebola and SARS. Chronic viral diseases such as HIV-1 or HCV are asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic and the therapeutic success mainly depends on early detection of the infective agent. Over the last years, aptamer technology has been used in a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications and, concretely, several strategies are currently being explored using aptamers against virus proteins. From a diagnostics point of view, aptamers are being designed as a bio-recognition element in diagnostic systems to detect viral proteins either in the blood (serum or plasma) or into infected cells. Another potential use of aptamers is for therapeutics of viral infections, interfering in the interaction between the virus and the host using aptamers targeting host-cell matrix receptors, or attacking the virus intracellularly, targeting proteins implicated in the viral replication cycle. In this paper, we review how aptamers working against viral proteins are discovered, with a focus on recent advances that improve the aptamers' properties as a real tool for viral infection detection and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M González
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)-Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Elena Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS)-Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gerónimo Fernández
- Aptus Biotech SL, c/Faraday, 7, Parque Científico de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana García-Sacristán
- Aptus Biotech SL, c/Faraday, 7, Parque Científico de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Swamy MN, Wu H, Shankar P. Recent advances in RNAi-based strategies for therapy and prevention of HIV-1/AIDS. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:174-186. [PMID: 27013255 PMCID: PMC4935623 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) provides a powerful tool to silence specific gene expression and has been widely used to suppress host factors such as CCR5 and/or viral genes involved in HIV-1 replication. Newer nuclease-based gene-editing technologies, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system, also provide powerful tools to ablate specific genes. Because of differences in co-receptor usage and the high mutability of the HIV-1 genome, a combination of host factors and viral genes needs to be suppressed for effective prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection. Whereas the continued presence of small interfering/short hairpin RNA (si/shRNA) mediators is needed for RNAi to be effective, the continued expression of nucleases in the gene-editing systems is undesirable. Thus, RNAi provides the only practical way for expression of multiple silencers in infected and uninfected cells, which is needed for effective prevention/treatment of infection. There have been several advances in the RNAi field in terms of si/shRNA design, targeted delivery to HIV-1 susceptible cells, and testing for efficacy in preclinical humanized mouse models. Here, we comprehensively review the latest advances in RNAi technology towards prevention and treatment of HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath N Swamy
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
| | - Haoquan Wu
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Premlata Shankar
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Disease, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Juliano RL. The delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:6518-48. [PMID: 27084936 PMCID: PMC5001581 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The oligonucleotide therapeutics field has seen remarkable progress over the last few years with the approval of the first antisense drug and with promising developments in late stage clinical trials using siRNA or splice switching oligonucleotides. However, effective delivery of oligonucleotides to their intracellular sites of action remains a major issue. This review will describe the biological basis of oligonucleotide delivery including the nature of various tissue barriers and the mechanisms of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of oligonucleotides. It will then examine a variety of current approaches for enhancing the delivery of oligonucleotides. This includes molecular scale targeted ligand-oligonucleotide conjugates, lipid- and polymer-based nanoparticles, antibody conjugates and small molecules that improve oligonucleotide delivery. The merits and liabilities of these approaches will be discussed in the context of the underlying basic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph L Juliano
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy and UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Catuogno S, Esposito CL, de Franciscis V. A trojan horse for human immunodeficiency virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 22:313-4. [PMID: 25794434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this issue of Chemistry & Biology, Zhou et al. demonstrate the possibility of effective multiple targeting of HIV infection by using a multifunctional molecule in which an anti-CCR5 receptor aptamer (G-3) is conjugated to an anti-TNPO3 siRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Catuogno
- Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Quang NN, Pestourie C, Cibiel A, Ducongé F. How to measure the affinity of aptamers for membrane proteins expressed on the surface of living adherent cells. Methods 2015; 97:35-43. [PMID: 26589188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, an increasing number of aptamers have been selected against biomarkers that are expressed at the surface of cells. This class of targets, mostly membrane proteins, is in close contact with the intra- and extra-cellular matrixes and their three-dimensional structures are inextricably linked to their inclusion in lipid bilayers. Therefore, although binding studies can be performed on the isolated form of these proteins, it remains crucial to measure the affinity of these aptamers in a more physiological environment, i.e., directly on living cells. Here, we describe a procedure for radioactive binding assays that can be adapted for measuring the affinity of aptamers against different cell lines. This method has been semi-automated using a liquid handling robot in order to reproducibly measure the apparent dissociation constant Kd and the apparent number of targets per cell. Relevant issues are discussed including the labeling of aptamers, the cells preparation, the incubation, the washings, the use of non-specific competitors, the data analysis and finally the reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Nguyen Quang
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Carine Pestourie
- Inserm, UMS006/CREFRE, Service Exploration Non-Invasive, Toulouse, France; Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMS006/CREFRE, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Frédéric Ducongé
- CEA, DSV, I2BM, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 9199, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adesina SK, Akala EO. Nanotechnology Approaches for the Delivery of Exogenous siRNA for HIV Therapy. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4175-87. [PMID: 26524196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is triggered by oligonucleotides that are about 21-23 nucleotides long and are capable of inducing the destruction of complementary mRNA. The RNAi technique has been successfully utilized to target HIV replication; however, the main limitation to the successful utilization of this technique in vivo is the inability of naked siRNA to cross the cell membrane by diffusion due to its strong anionic charge and large molecular weight. This review describes current nonviral nanotechnological approaches to deliver anti-HIV siRNAs for the treatment of HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simeon K Adesina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University , Washington, DC 20059, United States
| | - Emmanuel O Akala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Howard University , Washington, DC 20059, United States
| |
Collapse
|