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Khoshro S, Abbasalizad Farhangi M. Major Dietary Patterns, Exercise Addiction, and Eating Disorders Among a Sample of Physically Active Young Adults. Nutr Metab Insights 2024; 17:11786388241258938. [PMID: 39070982 PMCID: PMC11273586 DOI: 10.1177/11786388241258938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Regular exercise has been widely acknowledged for its numerous health benefits, including improvements in physical fitness, body function, and mental well-being. However, excessive exercise and unhealthy dietary patterns can lead to adverse effects on individuals' physical and psychological well-being. This study aimed to examine the association of dietary patterns, exercise addiction, and eating disorders among physically active young adults. Method In this cross-sectional study, a total of 200 physically active young adults aged 18-35 years were included. The participants' dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 80 food items. To determine dietary patterns, factor analysis was employed. Exercise addiction was evaluated using The Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI) and Exercise Dependence Questionnaire (EDQ), and eating disorders were assessed using The Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire Short (EDE-QS). Result Three main dietary patterns were identified: western, healthy, and traditional dietary patterns. The western dietary pattern was associated with increased waist-to-hip ratio (P = .01) that remained significant after adjustment for confounders (eg, age, gender, BMI, and physical activity P = .03), while the adherence to traditional dietary pattern was linked to higher waist circumference and body shape index (P < .05). Participants that followed the healthy dietary pattern showed a higher score of EAI and body shape concern (P = .04). Furthermore, in structural equation modelling (SEM), eating disorder was identified as a significant positive predictor of exercise addiction (r = .17, P < .05). Conclusion According to our finding, those with the higher adherence to healthy dietary pattern had higher scores of exercise addiction and body shape concern. Also, eating disorder was a potential predictor of exercise addiction among young physically active individuals. Further research and targeted interventions are needed to better understand these complex relationships and develop effective strategies to promote healthy behaviors and mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Khoshro
- Faculty of Nutrition, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Gillard A, Mountjoy M, Vertommen T, Radziszewski S, Boudreault V, Durand-Bush N, Parent S. The role, readiness to change and training needs of the Athlete Health and Performance team members to safeguard athletes from interpersonal violence in sport: a mini review. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1406925. [PMID: 38770239 PMCID: PMC11103001 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1406925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Safeguarding athletes from interpersonal violence (IV) in sport is an important topic of concern. Athlete Health and Performance (AHP) team members working with athletes have a professional, ethical, and moral duty to protect the health of athletes, prevent IV, and intervene when it occurs. However, little is known on their respective roles regarding IV in sport and their needs to fulfill their responsibility of safeguarding athletes. The aim of this review is to synthesize knowledge about the roles, readiness to change and training needs of AHP team members to navigate IV in sport. A total of 43 articles are included in the review. Results show that all AHP team members have a role to play in safeguarding athletes and should therefore be trained in the area of IV in sport. Overall, very little research has directly assessed AHP team members' needs to positively foster safety and eliminate IV in sport. There are common training needs for all types of AHP team members such as the ability to recognize signs and symptoms of IV in sport. However, there are also specific needs based on the role of the AHP team members such as ways of facilitating behavioural change for sport managers. Findings from this review are mostly experts' recommendations and should therefore be interpreted as such. The results of the review can guide the development of future research and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson Gillard
- Research Chair in Security and Integrity in Sport, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Équipe Violence Sexuelle et Santé (ÉVISSA), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Research Chair in Security and Integrity in Sport, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- International Research Network on Violence and Integrity in Sport (IRNOVIS), Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tine Vertommen
- Research Chair in Security and Integrity in Sport, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- International Research Network on Violence and Integrity in Sport (IRNOVIS), Antwerp, Belgium
- Safeguarding Sport and Society, Center of Expertise Care and Well-Being, Thomas More University of Applied Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Physical Education, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Radziszewski
- Research Chair in Security and Integrity in Sport, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Équipe Violence Sexuelle et Santé (ÉVISSA), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Boudreault
- Research Chair in Security and Integrity in Sport, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Kinanthropology, Faculty of Human Kinetics Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | - Sylvie Parent
- Research Chair in Security and Integrity in Sport, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Équipe Violence Sexuelle et Santé (ÉVISSA), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- International Research Network on Violence and Integrity in Sport (IRNOVIS), Antwerp, Belgium
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Whelan BM, Kliethermes SA, Schloredt KA, Rao A, Harmon KG, Petek BJ. Suicide in National Collegiate Athletic Association athletes: a 20-year analysis. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:531-537. [PMID: 38575202 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence rate of suicide from 2002 to 2022 among athletes from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and assess for potential differences by, sex, race, division and sport. METHODS NCAA athlete deaths over a 20-year period from 2002 to 2022 were identified. Poisson regression models were built to assess changes in incidence rates over time. Linear and quadratic fits between year and suicide incidence for males and females were evaluated. RESULTS Of 1102 total deaths, 128 (11.6%) deaths by suicide were reported (male n=98, female n=30). The overall incidence was 1:71 145 athlete-years (AYs). Over the last decade, suicide was the second most common cause of death after accidents. The proportion of deaths by suicide doubled from the first 10 years (7.6%) to the second 10 years (15.3%). The suicide incidence rate for males increased linearly (5-year incidence rate ratio 1.32 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.53)), whereas a quadratic association was identified among female athletes (p=0.002), with the incidence rate reaching its lowest point in females in 2010-2011 and increasing thereafter. Male cross-country athletes had the highest suicide incidence rate (1:29 815 AYs) and Division I and II athletes had a higher suicide incidence rate than Division III athletes. No significant differences in suicide incidence rates by sex, race or sport were identified. CONCLUSION Deaths by suicide among NCAA athletes increased in both males and females throughout the 20-year study period, and suicide is now the second most common cause of death in this population. Greater suicide prevention efforts geared towards NCAA athletes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M Whelan
- Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephanie A Kliethermes
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ashwin Rao
- Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Bradley J Petek
- Division of Cardiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Broglio SP, Register-Mihalik JK, Guskiewicz KM, Leddy JJ, Merriman A, Valovich McLeod TC. National Athletic Trainers' Association Bridge Statement: Management of Sport-Related Concussion. J Athl Train 2024; 59:225-242. [PMID: 38530653 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0046.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide athletic trainers and team physicians with updated recommendations to the 2014 National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) concussion position statement regarding concussion management, specifically in the areas of education, assessment, prognostic factors, mental health, return to academics, physical activity, rest, treatment, and return to sport. BACKGROUND Athletic trainers have benefited from the 2 previous NATA position statements on concussion management, and although the most recent NATA position statement is a decade old, knowledge gains in the medical literature warrant updating several (but not all) recommendations. Furthermore, in various areas of the body of literature, current evidence now exists to address items not adequately addressed in the 2014 statement, necessitating the new recommendations. This document therefore serves as a bridge from the 2014 position statement to the current state of concussion evidence, recommendations from other organizations, and discrepancies between policy and practice. RECOMMENDATIONS These recommendations are intended to update the state of the evidence concerning the management of patients with sport-related concussion, specifically in the areas of education; assessment advances; prognostic recovery indicators; mental health considerations; academic considerations; and exercise, activity, and rehabilitation management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johna K Register-Mihalik
- Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science and Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kevin M Guskiewicz
- Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science and Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - John J Leddy
- UBMD Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Tamara C Valovich McLeod
- Athletic Training Program, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ. Dr Guskiewicz is now at the Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
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Baumann L, Schneeberger AR, Currie A, Iff S, Seifritz E, Claussen MC. Mental Health in Elite Coaches. Sports Health 2024:19417381231223472. [PMID: 38246889 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231223472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Coaches play an important role in promoting mental health in elite sports. However, they themselves are exposed to risks affecting their mental health, and their fears and worries are often overlooked. Moreover, it remains unclear how coaches' mental health affects their athletes' mental health. OBJECTIVE To create a compilation of the literature on (1) elite coaches' mental health and (2) how coaches' mental health influences elite athletes' mental health. Building on this, recommendations for improving coaches' psychological well-being should be elaborated upon and discussed. DATA SOURCES A literature search was conducted up to November 30, 2021, using the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and SportDiscus. STUDY SELECTION Studies reporting elite coaches' mental health symptoms and disorders and the influence of elite coaches' mental health on elite athletes' mental health were included. STUDY DESIGN Scoping review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. DATA EXTRACTION Data regarding elite coaches' mental health, as well as their influence on athletes' mental health and performance, were included in a descriptive analysis. The PRISMA guidelines were used to guide this review. RESULTS Little research has been done on elite coaches' mental health disorders, although studies confirm that they do experience, for example, symptoms of burnout, anxiety, and depression. The influence of coaches' mental health on their athletes is underinvestigated, with research focused mainly on the influence of coaches' stress. CONCLUSION Knowledge about coaches' mental health is still limited. Coaches' poor mental health diminishes coaching performance and might impair athletes' mental health. Coaches should receive more support, including sports psychiatric care and education on the importance of mental health. This could improve the mental health of both coaches and athletes, and positively affect athlete performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alan Currie
- Regional Affective Disorders Service, Cumbria Northumberland Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
- Exercise Sport and Rehabilitation Therapies, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Samuel Iff
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malte Christian Claussen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Clinic for Depression and Anxiety, Psychiatric Centre Münsingen, Switzerland
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Ng T, Sanders H, Merrill S, Faustin M. Media's Effect on Athletes' Mental Health. Clin Sports Med 2024; 43:187-198. [PMID: 37949511 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2023.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the athlete's relationship with both traditional and social (digital) media and describes athletes' media obligations and the pressures of media attention. It explains the difference in the representation of diverse groups, and the potential positive and negative outcomes of the media on an athlete's mental health. The article will review the emergence of social media, its limitless reach, and ways in which it diverges from traditional media coverage of athletic performance. Finally, the article concludes with a discussion of ways that athletes' multidsciplinary medical teams may become advocates for healthy and supportive interactions between athletes and media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 2516 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Howard Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 2516 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sarah Merrill
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 402 Dickinson Street, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | - Marcia Faustin
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 3301 C Street, Suite 1600, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, 3301 C Street, Suite 1600, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA.
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Anderson S, Haraldsdottir K, Sanfilippo J, McGehee C, Watson A. Mindfulness training is associated with improved quality of life in female collegiate athletes. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37856360 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2252512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of a mindfulness intervention on health-related quality of life in female Division I collegiate athletes. PARTICIPANTS 135 female collegiate athletes, ages 18 - 23 years. METHODS Health related quality of life (HRQoL) was reported twice/year in approximately January and July from January 2017 to 2020 with the 12-question Veterans Rand survey (VR-12). Twenty-three of the participants received a 6-week, in-person, group mindfulness training in spring 2019, while 112 did not. RESULTS A significant interaction between time and mindfulness was identified with respect to the mental component score of the VR-12 of the VR-12 (MCS; β = 3.86 ± 1 .56, p = 0.012) but no significant relationships were identified with respect to time (pre-mindfulness: β = -2.36 ± 1.38, p = 0.074), mindfulness (yes: β = -2.26 ± 1.54, p = 0.14) or season (winter: β = -0.84 ± 0.57, p = 0.14). With respect to the physical component score (PCS), no significant relationships were identified with respect to time (pre-mindfulness: β = -1.09 ± 1.21, p = 0.37), mindfulness (yes: β = 1.30 ± 1.31, p = 0.32), season (winter: β = 0.50 ± 0.50, p = 0.32), or the interaction between time and mindfulness (β = 0.35 ± 1 .36, p = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS Among female collegiate athletes, mindfulness training is associated with significant improvements in mental HRQoL, but not physical HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anderson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - K Haraldsdottir
- Watson Human Performance Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J Sanfilippo
- Division of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - C McGehee
- Division of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - A Watson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Watson Human Performance Laboratory, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Denison E, Faulkner N, O'Brien KS, Jeanes R, Canning M. Effectiveness of an educational intervention targeting homophobic language use by young male athletes: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:515-520. [PMID: 36764819 PMCID: PMC10176369 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Homophobic language is common in male sport and associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes for all sport participants, but particularly for gay or bisexual youth populations. Evidence-based interventions are needed to reduce such language and mitigate harm. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a short social-cognitive educational intervention delivered by professional rugby union players in youth sport. METHODS In a two-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial, 13 Australian youth rugby teams from 9 clubs (N=167, ages 16-20, mean 17.9) were randomised into intervention or control groups. Professional rugby players delivered the intervention in-person. Frequency of homophobic language use was measured 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after the intervention. Hypothesised factors underpinning homophobic language were also measured, including descriptive (other people use), prescriptive and proscriptive injunctive norms (approval/disapproval by others), and attitudes towards the acceptability of homophobic language. RESULTS At baseline, 49.1% of participants self-reported using homophobic language in the past 2 weeks and 72.7% reported teammates using homophobic language. Significant relationships were found between this behaviour and the hypothesised factors targeted by the intervention. However, generalised estimating equations found the intervention did not significantly reduce homophobic language, or alter the associated norms and attitudes, relative to controls. CONCLUSION Use of professional rugby athletes to deliver education on homophobic language was not effective. Other approaches to reduce homophobic language (and other forms of discrimination) such as peer-to-peer education, and enforcement of policies prohibiting specific language by coaches, should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Denison
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas Faulkner
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerry S O'Brien
- School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth Jeanes
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Peninsula Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mitch Canning
- University of Melbourne Rugby Football Club, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hay N, Kehoe A. We administer and deliver sport: we urgently need help from the sports medicine and research community. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:497-498. [PMID: 36754588 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Hay
- Rugby Victoria, South Yarra, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annabel Kehoe
- British Columbia Rugby Union, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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O'Connor J, Jeanes R, Denison E, Lambert K, Bevan N. Examining Pride Cups as a health promotion resource to address homophobia in Australian men's sport. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6722676. [PMID: 36166266 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective interventions are needed to stop homophobic behaviours in sport settings as these behaviours are associated with negative health and social outcomes for individuals who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or other diverse genders and sexualities. This paper reports the results of a quasi-experimental study commissioned by a public health agency to explore the benefits of a novel intervention that has been widely adopted by Australian community sport clubs. The 'Pride Cup' intervention includes education for club leaders, sport participants and the hosting of a rainbow-themed 'pride game'. Survey responses of male participants from six randomly selected sport clubs which had received the intervention (n = 148) were compared to responses (n = 137) from six randomly selected comparison clubs (Australian Football, cricket, field hockey, roller derby). Employing a post-test-only design, the study explored differences in homophobic attitudes, behaviours and individual efficacy to react negatively to homophobic behaviours. The study found significant differences (p < 0.001) in self-reported use of homophobic slurs (e.g. fag) in the last 2 weeks by participants in the treatment (11%) versus comparison (31.8%) clubs, and significant differences in the perceived use of these slurs by teammates (25.9% vs. 56.6%) or coaches (7.8% vs. 23.3%). There were also significant differences in efficacy scores, but no differences in homophobic attitudes. These results, combined with evidence of community-driven adoption, support the allocation of public health resources to conduct larger scale trials using pre/post designs to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justen O'Connor
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ruth Jeanes
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Erik Denison
- Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Karen Lambert
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nadia Bevan
- Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Zhang X, Zeng X. Analysis of the Effect of the Stability of Athletes' Psychological Quality on Sports Basketball Games. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:8624803. [PMID: 36060876 PMCID: PMC9433231 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8624803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enthusiasm for sports competitions is consistently high. In sports competitions, athletes not only need to have superb skills but also need a strong psychological quality. Usually, athletes with high psychological quality can make their technical level outstanding; on the contrary, for athletes with low psychological quality, even if the level of competition is very high, it is difficult to achieve excellent results. This study analyzes the data of basketball players to study the influence of the stability of different players' psychological quality on the performance of basketball games. The "mental state" of basketball players is negatively correlated with their performance in basketball games, and the players' psychology often shows signs of tension during basketball games. This tension is the result of a variety of psychological effects, and the number of times of tension is different under different psychological quality stabilities. The experimental analysis results of this study show that through the data analysis of the psychological factors affecting basketball players, the key factors affecting their psychology have been explored, and strategies and methods that can effectively cultivate the psychological quality of basketball players have been found, in order to provide a reference for improving the psychological quality of basketball players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Sport Department, Xi'an Kedagaoxin University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710109, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- School of Physical Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China
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Watson A, McGuine T, Lang P, Post E, Biese K, Kliethermes S, Brooks MA, Bell D. The Relationships Between Sport Specialization, Sleep, and Quality of Life in Female Youth Volleyball Athletes. Sports Health 2022; 14:237-245. [PMID: 34043487 PMCID: PMC8883417 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211014867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although sport specialization may be associated with stress and burnout among youth athletes, the relationship with quality of life (QOL) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sport specialization, sleep, and QOL in female youth athletes. HYPOTHESIS Higher levels of specialization are associated with increased daytime sleepiness and worse QOL. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. METHODS Female high school volleyball players completed preseason surveys to determine sport specialization (low, moderate, high), injury history, QOL, sleep duration, and daytime sleepiness. QOL and sleep variables were compared across specialization groups. Multivariable linear regression models were developed to evaluate the associations between sleepiness, QOL, specialization, grade in school, and injury history. RESULTS Of 1482 participants, 591 (40%), 436 (29%), and 455 (31%) were categorized as low, moderate, and high specialization, respectively. Highly specialized athletes demonstrated worse QOL (median 91.3 [interquartile range 86-96]) than low (92.4 [88-97], P = 0.05) and moderate (93.5 [88-99], P = 0.05) specialization groups and greater daytime sleepiness (11 [7-15]) than low (10 [6-14], P < 0.001) and moderate (10 [6-14], P < 0.001) specialization groups. In the multivariable model, QOL was negatively associated with prior injury occurrence (β = -1.1 ± 0.5, P = 0.02), but not grade in school (β = -0.08 ± 0.2, P = 0.71) or specialization (moderate: β = 0.08 ± 0.5, P = 0.88; high: β = -0.70 ± 0.5, P = 0.18). Daytime sleepiness increased with high specialization (β = 1.12 ± 0.3, P < 0.001) and grade (β = 0.76 ± 0.1, P < 0.001), but not prior injury (β = 0.51 ±0.3, P = 0.10). CONCLUSION Highly specialized female volleyball athletes demonstrate decreased QOL, perhaps because of higher rates of prior injury. Specialization is also associated with increased daytime sleepiness. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Sport participation patterns and injury may have implications for QOL in youth athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Watson
- Andrew Watson, MD, MS, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Division of Sports Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705 ()
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Colagrai AC, Barreira J, Nascimento FT, Fernandes PT. The paradox of mental health versus mental disease in elite athletes: a scoping review. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574202200001722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Bipolar disorder is a diagnosis with immense lifelong implications that affects 1% to 2% of the general population. It typically presents during late adolescence and early adulthood, which often coincides with the age of peak athletic performance and a limited window of opportunity to compete at the highest levels of sport. Understanding the nature and course of the illness, as well as the effects that pharmacological treatment can have on an athlete, can be extremely beneficial for sports medicine physicians, particularly as many young athletes may not yet be diagnosed and/or adequately treated. Bipolar disorder is an incredibly complex and challenging diagnosis, but the ability to identify symptoms and intervene early is invaluable. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence and to highlight relevant risk factors, diagnostic features, management, and potential complications pertaining to the athletic population.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Interventions to promote athlete health and performance have traditionally been focused on the physical elements of injury and training. More recently, however, increasing attention has been placed on the mental aspects of athlete health, with emerging evidence suggesting that injury risk and athletic performance are significantly affected by athlete well-being. Mindfulness meditation has been shown to have significant benefits for a number of physical and mental health outcomes in various clinical populations, and recent research has explored how mindfulness may enhance athletic performance, improve athlete mental health, reduce injury risk, and perhaps even facilitate recovery from injury. As awareness of mindfulness as a noninvasive, low-risk, and accessible intervention increases in the Western society, use among athletes has increased as well. Health care providers should be aware of this evidence in order to guide athletes regarding the use of mindfulness as an intervention to potentially improve athlete health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Anderson
- Department of Kinesiology, Watson Human Performance Laboratory, Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Drew Watson
- Department of Orthopedics & Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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Abstract
AbstractExercise addiction (EA) involves excessive concerns for exercise routines, an abusive practice, and the inability to control one’s own behavior, as well as the presence of psychological processes that are typical of behavioral addictions such as abstinence. EA is further associated with an alteration of the individual’s personal, social, and professional functioning and a higher risk for several pathologies, including physical injury, psychological distress, and eating disorders. The present work presents a narrative scoping review of the state of the art and the main findings of the research on EA, with a focus in the athletic population. The prevalence of EA risk, between 1 and 52% and up to 80% when co-occurring with eating disturbances, is also reviewed. Additionally, some of the explanatory models proposed to date and their power and limitations in terms of their capacity for a consensual operationalization and characterization of EA, and thus for the optimal exploration and management of this condition, are discussed. Finally, some deficiencies in the research on EA are noted which are to be addressed to successfully respond to the intervention and prevention needs that occur both in the general context of exercise-sports practice and the specific context of competitive athletes.
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Denison E, Faulkner N, Jeanes R, Toole D. Relationships between attitudes and norms with homophobic language use in male team sports. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 24:499-504. [PMID: 33279424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study addresses a need for quantitative research examining factors supporting the frequent use of homophobic language (e.g., fag) in male team sports which has a range of negative health impacts on gay and bisexual males. Intervention methods are needed to stop this behaviour, but little is known about why this language remains common. DESIGN Cross-Sectional survey. METHOD Male Rugby Union (n=97; ages 16 -18 years) and Ice Hockey players (n=146; ages 16 - 31 years) self-reported their use of homophobic language and completed measures of homophobic attitudes and descriptive and injunctive norms related to language use on their team. Bivariate and multivariate analyses examined factors associated with this behaviour. RESULTS Over half of participants (53.8%) self-reported using homophobic language at least once in the previous two weeks. No relationship was found between homophobic attitudes and language use. In contrast, norm measures had a strong, positive relationship with this behaviour. In multivariate analyses, norms uniquely accounted for almost one-half of the variance in language use. The addition of descriptive norms into the full model led to the largest increase in R2 of .340 (F(1,200)=130.816, p<.001). CONCLUSIONS Homophobic language use was related to norms, rather than homophobic attitudes. Interventions targeting changes to these norms could be an effective method to change this behaviour. This finding contributes to a growing body of evidence that norms are associated with a range of negative behaviours by male athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Denison
- Behavioural Sciences Research Laboratory, School of Social Science, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nick Faulkner
- BehaviourWorks Australia, Monash Sustainable Development Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ruth Jeanes
- Faculty of Education, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Toole
- Behavioural Sciences Research Laboratory, School of Social Science, Faculty of Arts, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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