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Stefanik E, Dubińska-Magiera M, Lewandowski D, Daczewska M, Migocka-Patrzałek M. Metabolic aspects of glycogenolysis with special attention to McArdle disease. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108532. [PMID: 39018613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The physiological function of muscle glycogen is to meet the energy demands of muscle contraction. The breakdown of glycogen occurs through two distinct pathways, primarily cytosolic and partially lysosomal. To obtain the necessary energy for their function, skeletal muscles utilise also fatty acids in the β-oxidation. Ketogenesis is an alternative metabolic pathway for fatty acids, which provides an energy source during fasting and starvation. Diseases arising from impaired glycogenolysis lead to muscle weakness and dysfunction. Here, we focused on the lack of muscle glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM), a rate-limiting enzyme for glycogenolysis in skeletal muscles, which leads to McArdle disease. Metabolic myopathies represent a group of genetic disorders characterised by the limited ability of skeletal muscles to generate energy. Here, we discuss the metabolic aspects of glycogenosis with a focus on McArdle disease, offering insights into its pathophysiology. Glycogen accumulation may influence the muscle metabolic dynamics in different ways. We emphasize that a proper treatment approach for such diseases requires addressing three important and interrelated aspects, which include: symptom relief therapy, elimination of the cause of the disease (lack of a functional enzyme) and effective and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stefanik
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland..
| | - Magda Dubińska-Magiera
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland..
| | - Damian Lewandowski
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland..
| | - Małgorzata Daczewska
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland..
| | - Marta Migocka-Patrzałek
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland..
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Valenzuela PL, Santalla A, Alejo LB, Merlo A, Bustos A, Castellote-Bellés L, Ferrer-Costa R, Maffiuletti NA, Barranco-Gil D, Pinós T, Lucia A. Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability: Insights from McArdle disease. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:398-408. [PMID: 38030066 PMCID: PMC11116998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the effect of different carbohydrate (CHO) doses on exercise capacity in patients with McArdle disease-the paradigm of "exercise intolerance", characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability-and to determine whether higher exogenous glucose levels affect metabolic responses at the McArdle muscle cell (in vitro) level. METHODS Patients with McArdle disease (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 9) underwent a 12-min submaximal cycling constant-load bout followed by a maximal ramp test 15 min after ingesting a non-caloric placebo. In a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over design, patients repeated the tests after consuming either 75 g or 150 g of CHO (glucose:fructose = 2:1). Cardiorespiratory, biochemical, perceptual, and electromyographic (EMG) variables were assessed. Additionally, glucose uptake and lactate appearance were studied in vitro in wild-type and McArdle mouse myotubes cultured with increasing glucose concentrations (0.35, 1.00, 4.50, and 10.00 g/L). RESULTS Compared with controls, patients showed the "classical" second-wind phenomenon (after prior disproportionate tachycardia, myalgia, and excess electromyographic activity during submaximal exercise, all p < 0.05) and an impaired endurance exercise capacity (-51% ventilatory threshold and -55% peak power output, both p < 0.001). Regardless of the CHO dose (p < 0.05 for both doses compared with the placebo), CHO intake increased blood glucose and lactate levels, decreased fat oxidation rates, and attenuated the second wind in the patients. However, only the higher dose increased ventilatory threshold (+27%, p = 0.010) and peak power output (+18%, p = 0.007). In vitro analyses revealed no differences in lactate levels across glucose concentrations in wild-type myotubes, whereas a dose-response effect was observed in McArdle myotubes. CONCLUSION CHO intake exerts beneficial effects on exercise capacity in McArdle disease, a condition associated with total muscle glycogen unavailability. Some of these benefits are dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid 28871, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Department of Sport and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla 41013, Spain; EVOPRED Research Group, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife 38300, Spain
| | - Lidia B Alejo
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Andrea Merlo
- Gait & Motion Analysis Laboratory, Sol et Salus Hospital, Torre Pedrera di Rimini (RN) 47922, Italy
| | - Asunción Bustos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Laura Castellote-Bellés
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratoris Clínics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Roser Ferrer-Costa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratoris Clínics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | | | - David Barranco-Gil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Tomás Pinós
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Rare Disorders (CIBERER), Barcelona 08035, Spain; Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ("PaHerg"), Research Institute of Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid 28041, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
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Valenzuela PL, Santalla A, Alejo LB, Bustos A, Ozcoidi LM, Castellote-Bellés L, Ferrer-Costa R, Villarreal-Salazar M, Morán M, Barranco-Gil D, Pinós T, Lucia A. Acute ketone supplementation in the absence of muscle glycogen utilization: Insights from McArdle disease. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:692-700. [PMID: 38320460 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ketone supplementation is gaining popularity. Yet, its effects on exercise performance when muscle glycogen cannot be used remain to be determined. McArdle disease can provide insight into this question, as these patients are unable to obtain energy from muscle glycogen, presenting a severely impaired physical capacity. We therefore aimed to assess the effects of acute ketone supplementation in the absence of muscle glycogen utilization (McArdle disease). METHODS In a randomized cross-over design, patients with an inherited block in muscle glycogen breakdown (i.e., McArdle disease, n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 7) underwent a submaximal (constant-load) test that was followed by a maximal ramp test, after the ingestion of a placebo or an exogenous ketone ester supplement (30 g of D-beta hydroxybutyrate/D 1,3 butanediol monoester). Patients were also assessed after carbohydrate (75 g) ingestion, which is currently considered best clinical practice in McArdle disease. RESULTS Ketone supplementation induced ketosis in all participants (blood [ketones] = 3.7 ± 0.9 mM) and modified some gas-exchange responses (notably increasing respiratory exchange ratio, especially in patients). Patients showed an impaired exercise capacity (-65 % peak power output (PPO) compared to controls, p < 0.001) and ketone supplementation resulted in a further impairment (-11.6 % vs. placebo, p = 0.001), with no effects in controls (p = 0.268). In patients, carbohydrate supplementation resulted in a higher PPO compared to ketones (+21.5 %, p = 0.001) and a similar response was observed vs. placebo (+12.6 %, p = 0.057). CONCLUSIONS In individuals who cannot utilize muscle glycogen but have a preserved ability to oxidize blood-borne glucose and fat (McArdle disease), acute ketone supplementation impairs exercise capacity, whereas carbohydrate ingestion exerts the opposite, beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Department of Sport and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain; EVOPRED Research Group, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Lidia B Alejo
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Bustos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laureano M Ozcoidi
- Hospital Reina Sofía de Tudela, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Navarra, Spain
| | - Laura Castellote-Bellés
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratoris Clínics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Ferrer-Costa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratoris Clínics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Villarreal-Salazar
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain; Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tomàs Pinós
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Da Silva JD, Pereira Â, Soares AR, Guimas A, Rocha S, Cardoso M, Garrido C, Soares CA, Nunes IS, Fortuna AM, Quelhas D, Figueiroa S, Ribeiro R, Santos M, Martins E, Tkachenko N. Diagnostic accuracy and the first genotype-phenotype correlation in glycogen storage disease type V. Pediatr Res 2023:10.1038/s41390-023-02943-1. [PMID: 38052860 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen storage disease type V (GSDV) is an autosomal recessive metabolic condition caused by pathogenic PYGM variants. This is an underdiagnosed condition as it presents with exercise intolerance in children. We reviewed the GSDV cases of a tertiary hospital center to assess diagnostic timing/accuracy, as well as potential clinical/analytical predictors of such factors. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed all GSDV cases with follow-up in both Pediatric and Adult Metabolic Diseases consultations. We included 28 cases and assessed their hospital record for clinical information. RESULTS Over 90% of our cases had late diagnoses, with more than 50% being diagnosed in adulthood despite symptom onset in preschool (very late diagnosis). Diagnostic age was lower in patients exhibiting myoglobinuria. Interestingly, patients with a positive family history of GSDV had similar rates of very late diagnoses, likely since the index case was already detected very late in life. Finally, we observe that the R50* variant is associated with increased myoglobinuria and CK elevation, in a dosage-dependent manner. CONCLUSION We concluded that GSDV is severely underdiagnosed, and that some clinical and analytical aspects of the condition can be more indicative of this diagnosis. Furthermore, we propose for the first time a genotype-phenotype correlation in GSDV. IMPACT GSDV is a pediatric-onset metabolic disorder that is mostly diagnosed late in the adult age and commonly misdiagnosed. We observed the first genotype-phenotype correlation in GSDV, regarding the common R50* variant. Awareness of GSDV for pediatricians and the overall medical community is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Diogo Da Silva
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ângela Pereira
- Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Soares
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Arlindo Guimas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcio Cardoso
- Unidade Corino de Andrade and Neurophysiology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- European Reference Network-Neuromuscular Diseases ERN-NMD, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Garrido
- Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- European Reference Network-Neuromuscular Diseases ERN-NMD, Paris, France
| | - Célia Azevedo Soares
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Serra Nunes
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Fortuna
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dulce Quelhas
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Figueiroa
- Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Ribeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Santos
- Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- European Reference Network-Neuromuscular Diseases ERN-NMD, Paris, France
| | - Esmeralda Martins
- Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Reference Centre for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nataliya Tkachenko
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães (CGM), Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
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Løkken N, Nielsen MR, Stemmerik MG, Ellerton C, Revsbech KL, Macrae M, Slipsager A, Krett B, Beha GH, Emanuelsson F, van Hall G, Quinlivan R, Vissing J. Can a modified ketogenic diet be a nutritional strategy for patients with McArdle disease? Results from a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2124-2137. [PMID: 37769369 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND McArdle disease is caused by myophosphorylase deficiency leading to blocked glycogenolysis in skeletal muscle. Consequently, individuals with McArdle disease have intolerance to physical activity, muscle fatigue, and pain. These symptoms vary according to the availability of alternative fuels for muscle contraction. In theory, a modified ketogenic diet (mKD) can provide alternative fuels in the form of ketone bodies and potentially boost fat oxidation. METHODS This randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study aimed to investigate if a mKD improves exercise capacity in individuals with McArdle disease. Participants were randomized to follow a mKD (75-80% fat, 15% protein, 5-10% carbohydrates) or placebo diet (PD) first for three weeks, followed by a wash-out period, and then the opposite diet. The primary outcome was change in heart rate during constant-load cycling. Secondary outcomes included change in plasma metabolites, perceived exertion, indirect calorimetry measures, maximal exercise capacity, and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS Fifteen out of 20 patients with genetically verified McArdle disease completed all study visits, and 14 were included in the data analyses. We found that the mKD induced a metabolic shift towards increased fat oxidation (∼60% increase), and a 19-fold increase in plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (p < 0.05). The mKD did not improve heart rate responses during constant-load cycling but did improve patient-reported outcomes and maximal exercise capacity (∼20% increase) compared to the PD. CONCLUSION The mKD did not alleviate all McArdle disease-related symptoms but did induce some positive changes. To date, no satisfactory treatment options exist other than exercise training. To that end, a mKD can be a possible nutritional strategy for some individuals with McArdle disease who are motivated to undertake a restrictive diet. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov: NCT04044508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline Løkken
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Maja Risager Nielsen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Godtfeldt Stemmerik
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ellerton
- The Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karoline Lolk Revsbech
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Margaret Macrae
- The Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Slipsager
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørg Krett
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gry Hatting Beha
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frida Emanuelsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosaline Quinlivan
- The Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Batten K, Bhattacharya K, Simar D, Broderick C. Exercise testing and prescription in patients with inborn errors of muscle energy metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:763-777. [PMID: 37350033 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a dynamic organ requiring tight regulation of energy metabolism in order to provide bursts of energy for effective function. Several inborn errors of muscle energy metabolism (IEMEM) affect skeletal muscle function and therefore the ability to initiate and sustain physical activity. Exercise testing can be valuable in supporting diagnosis, however its use remains limited due to the inconsistency in data to inform its application in IEMEM populations. While exercise testing is often used in adults with IEMEM, its use in children is far more limited. Once a physiological limitation has been identified and the aetiology defined, habitual exercise can assist with improving functional capacity, with reports supporting favourable adaptations in adult patients with IEMEM. Despite the potential benefits of structured exercise programs, data in paediatric populations remain limited. This review will focus on the utilisation and limitations of exercise testing and prescription for both adults and children, in the management of McArdle Disease, long chain fatty acid oxidation disorders, and primary mitochondrial myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera Batten
- School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kaustuv Bhattacharya
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Simar
- School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carolyn Broderick
- School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
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Adams L, Selvanathan A, Batten KJ, van Doorn N, Thompson S, Mitchell A, Sampaio H, Dalkeith T, Russell J, Ellaway CJ, Farrar M, Broderick C, Bhattacharya K. Diagnosis and management of children with McArdle Syndrome (GSD V) in New South Wales. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:327-336. [PMID: 37701325 PMCID: PMC10494502 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage type V (GSD V-McArdle Syndrome) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterised by severe pain early after the onset of physical activity. A recent series indicated a diagnostic delay of 29 years; hence reports of children affected by the disorder are uncommon (Lucia et al., 2021, Neuromuscul Disord, 31, 1296-1310). This paper presents eight patients with a median onset age of 5.5 years and diagnosis of 9.5 years. Six patients had episodes of rhabdomyolysis with creatine kinase elevations >50 000 IU/L. Most episodes occurred in relation to eccentric non-predicted activities rather than regular exercise. One of the patients performed a non-ischaemic forearm test. One patient was diagnosed subsequent to a skeletal muscle biopsy, and all had confirmatory molecular genetic diagnosis. Three were homozygous for the common PYGM:c.148C > T (p.Arg50*) variant. All but one patient had truncating variants. All patients were managed with structured exercise testing to help them identify 'second-wind', and plan an exercise regimen. In addition all also had an exercise test with 25 g maltodextrin which had statistically significant effect on ameliorating ratings of perceived exertion. GSD V is under-recognised in paediatric practice. Genetic testing can readily diagnose the condition. Careful identification of second-wind symptomatology during exercise with the assistance of a multi-disciplinary team, allows children to manage activities and tolerate exercise. Maltodextrin can be used for structured exercise, but excessive utilisation may lead to weight gain. Early intervention and education may improve outcomes into adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Adams
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceSydney Children's Hospitals' Network (Randwick and Westmead)SydneyAustralia
| | - Arthavan Selvanathan
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceSydney Children's Hospitals' Network (Randwick and Westmead)SydneyAustralia
| | - Kiera J. Batten
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceSydney Children's Hospitals' Network (Randwick and Westmead)SydneyAustralia
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Nancy van Doorn
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- Children's Institute of Sports MedicineChildren's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadAustralia
| | - Susan Thompson
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceSydney Children's Hospitals' Network (Randwick and Westmead)SydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead CampusUniversity of SydneyWestmeadAustralia
| | - Ashleigh Mitchell
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceSydney Children's Hospitals' Network (Randwick and Westmead)SydneyAustralia
| | - Hugo Sampaio
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's HealthUNSW MedicineSydneyAustralia
- Department of NeurologySydney Children's Hospital RandwickRandwickAustralia
| | - Troy Dalkeith
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceSydney Children's Hospitals' Network (Randwick and Westmead)SydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead CampusUniversity of SydneyWestmeadAustralia
| | - Jacqui Russell
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceSydney Children's Hospitals' Network (Randwick and Westmead)SydneyAustralia
- Department of NeurologySydney Children's Hospital RandwickRandwickAustralia
| | - Carolyn J. Ellaway
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceSydney Children's Hospitals' Network (Randwick and Westmead)SydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead CampusUniversity of SydneyWestmeadAustralia
| | - Michelle Farrar
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's HealthUNSW MedicineSydneyAustralia
- Department of NeurologySydney Children's Hospital RandwickRandwickAustralia
| | - Carolyn Broderick
- School of Health SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
- Children's Institute of Sports MedicineChildren's Hospital at WestmeadWestmeadAustralia
| | - Kaustuv Bhattacharya
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceSydney Children's Hospitals' Network (Randwick and Westmead)SydneyAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead CampusUniversity of SydneyWestmeadAustralia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women's and Children's HealthUNSW MedicineSydneyAustralia
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Reason SL, Voermans N, Lucia A, Vissing J, Quinlivan R, Bhai S, Wakelin A. Development of Continuum of Care for McArdle disease: A practical tool for clinicians and patients. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:575-579. [PMID: 37354872 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
McArdle disease (glycogen storage disease type V; GSDV) is a rare genetic disease caused by the inability to break down glycogen in skeletal muscle due to a deficiency in myophosphorylase. Glycolysis is only partially blocked in GSDV, as muscle fibres can take up circulating glucose and convert it to glucose-6-phosphate downstream of the metabolic block. Because skeletal muscle predominantly relies on anaerobic energy during the first few minutes of transition from rest to activity, and throughout more intense activities, individuals with GSDV experience muscle fatigue/pain, tachypnea, and tachycardia during these activities. If warning signs are not heeded, a muscle contracture may rapidly occur, and if significant, may lead to acute rhabdomyolysis. Without a cure or treatment, individuals with GSDV must be consistent in employing proper management techniques; however, this can be challenging due to the nuances inherent in this metabolic myopathy. The International Association for Muscle Glycogen Storage Disease collaborated with an international team of five expert clinicians to identify areas of learning to achieve an optimal state. A Continuum of Care model was developed that outlines five pivotal steps (diagnosis; understanding; acceptance; learning and exercise) to streamline assessments and more succinctly assist clinicians in determining patient-specific learning needs. This model serves as a translational tool to help optimize care for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Reason
- International Association for Muscle Glycogen Storage Disease, CA, USA.
| | - N Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Lucia
- Center for Research in Sport and Physical Activity, European University of Madrid, Spain
| | - J Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - S Bhai
- Department of Neurology at UT Southwestern Medical Centre, USA
| | - A Wakelin
- International Association for Muscle Glycogen Storage Disease, CA, USA
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9
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Rodriguez-Lopez C, Santalla A, Valenzuela PL, Real-Martínez A, Villarreal-Salazar M, Rodriguez-Gomez I, Pinós T, Ara I, Lucia A. Muscle glycogen unavailability and fat oxidation rate during exercise: Insights from McArdle disease. J Physiol 2023; 601:551-566. [PMID: 36370371 PMCID: PMC10099855 DOI: 10.1113/jp283743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate availability affects fat metabolism during exercise; however, the effects of complete muscle glycogen unavailability on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) rate remain unknown. Our purpose was to examine the MFO rate in patients with McArdle disease, comprising an inherited condition caused by complete blockade of muscle glycogen metabolism, compared to healthy controls. Nine patients (three women, aged 36 ± 12 years) and 12 healthy controls (four women, aged 40 ± 13 years) were studied. Several molecular markers of lipid transport/metabolism were also determined in skeletal muscle (gastrocnemius) and white adipose tissue of McArdle (Pygm p.50R*/p.50R*) and wild-type male mice. Peak oxygen uptake ( V ̇ O 2 peak ${\dot V_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{peak}}}}$ ), MFO rate, the exercise intensity eliciting MFO rate (FATmax) and the MFO rate-associated workload were determined by indirect calorimetry during an incremental cycle-ergometer test. Despite having a much lower V ̇ O 2 peak ${\dot V_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{peak}}}}$ (24.7 ± 4 vs. 42.5 ± 11.4 mL kg-1 min-1 , respectively; P < 0.0001), patients showed considerably higher values for the MFO rate (0.53 ± 0.12 vs. 0.33 ± 0.10 g min-1 , P = 0.001), and for the FATmax (94.4 ± 7.2 vs. 41.3 ± 9.1 % of V ̇ O 2 peak ${\dot V_{{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{peak}}}}$ , P < 0.0001) and MFO rate-associated workload (1.33 ± 0.35 vs. 0.81 ± 0.54 W kg-1 , P = 0.020) than controls. No between-group differences were found overall in molecular markers of lipid transport/metabolism in mice. In summary, patients with McArdle disease show an exceptionally high MFO rate, which they attained at near-maximal exercise capacity. Pending more mechanistic explanations, these findings support the influence of glycogen availability on MFO rate and suggest that these patients develop a unique fat oxidation capacity, possibly as an adaptation to compensate for the inherited blockade in glycogen metabolism, and point to MFO rate as a potential limiting factor of exercise tolerance in this disease. KEY POINTS: Physically active McArdle patients show an exceptional fat oxidation capacity. Maximal fat oxidation rate occurs near-maximal exercise capacity in these patients. McArdle patients' exercise tolerance might rely on maximal fat oxidation rate capacity. Hyperpnoea might cloud substrate oxidation measurements in some patients. An animal model revealed overall no higher molecular markers of lipid transport/metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Department of Sport and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,EVOPRED Research Group, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro L Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Real-Martínez
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER for rare disease (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Villarreal-Salazar
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER for rare disease (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Rodriguez-Gomez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomàs Pinós
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER for rare disease (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic myopathies are disorders that affect skeletal muscle substrate oxidation. Although some drugs and hormones can affect metabolism in skeletal muscle, this review will focus on the genetic metabolic myopathies. RECENT FINDINGS Impairments in glycogenolysis/glycolysis (glycogen storage disease), fatty acid transport/oxidation (fatty acid oxidation defects), and mitochondrial metabolism (mitochondrial myopathies) represent most metabolic myopathies; however, they often overlap clinically with structural genetic myopathies, referred to as pseudometabolic myopathies. Although metabolic myopathies can present in the neonatal period with hypotonia, hypoglycemia, and encephalopathy, most cases present clinically in children or young adults with exercise intolerance, rhabdomyolysis, and weakness. In general, the glycogen storage diseases manifest during brief bouts of high-intensity exercise; in contrast, fatty acid oxidation defects and mitochondrial myopathies usually manifest during longer-duration endurance-type activities, often with fasting or other metabolic stressors (eg, surgery, fever). The neurologic examination is often normal between events (except in the pseudometabolic myopathies) and evaluation requires one or more of the following tests: exercise stress testing, blood (eg, creatine kinase, acylcarnitine profile, lactate, amino acids), urine (eg, organic acids, myoglobin), muscle biopsy (eg, histology, ultrastructure, enzyme testing), and targeted (specific gene) or untargeted (myopathy panels) genetic tests. SUMMARY Definitive identification of a specific metabolic myopathy often leads to specific interventions, including lifestyle, exercise, and nutritional modifications; cofactor treatments; accurate genetic counseling; avoidance of specific triggers; and rapid treatment of rhabdomyolysis.
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11
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Villarreal-Salazar M, Santalla A, Real-Martínez A, Nogales-Gadea G, Valenzuela PL, Fiuza-Luces C, Andreu AL, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Martín MA, Arenas J, Vissing J, Lucia A, Krag TO, Pinós T. Low aerobic capacity in McArdle disease: A role for mitochondrial network impairment? Mol Metab 2022; 66:101648. [PMID: 36455789 PMCID: PMC9758572 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND McArdle disease is caused by myophosphorylase deficiency and results in complete inability for muscle glycogen breakdown. A hallmark of this condition is muscle oxidation impairment (e.g., low peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak)), a phenomenon traditionally attributed to reduced glycolytic flux and Krebs cycle anaplerosis. Here we hypothesized an additional role for muscle mitochondrial network alterations associated with massive intracellular glycogen accumulation. METHODS We analyzed in depth mitochondrial characteristics-content, biogenesis, ultrastructure-and network integrity in skeletal-muscle from McArdle/control mice and two patients. We also determined VO2peak in patients (both sexes, N = 145) and healthy controls (N = 133). RESULTS Besides corroborating very poor VO2peak values in patients and impairment in muscle glycolytic flux, we found that, in McArdle muscle: (a) damaged fibers are likely those with a higher mitochondrial and glycogen content, which show major disruption of the three main cytoskeleton components-actin microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments-thereby contributing to mitochondrial network disruption in skeletal muscle fibers; (b) there was an altered subcellular localization of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins and of the sarcoplasmic reticulum protein calsequestrin-with subsequent alteration in mitochondrial dynamics/function; impairment in mitochondrial content/biogenesis; and (c) several OXPHOS-related complex proteins/activities were also affected. CONCLUSIONS In McArdle disease, severe muscle oxidative capacity impairment could also be explained by a disruption of the mitochondrial network, at least in those fibers with a higher capacity for glycogen accumulation. Our findings might pave the way for future research addressing the potential involvement of mitochondrial network alterations in the pathophysiology of other glycogenoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Villarreal-Salazar
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Santalla
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Real-Martínez
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - G Nogales-Gadea
- Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediàtriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigacio en Ciencies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol i Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - P L Valenzuela
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Fiuza-Luces
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group ('PaHerg'), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - A L Andreu
- EATRIS, European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J C Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M A Martín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Arenas
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, 12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University, Madrid, Spain
| | - T O Krag
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - T Pinós
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Santalla A, Valenzuela PL, Rodriguez-Lopez C, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Nogales-Gadea G, Pinós T, Arenas J, Martín MA, Santos-Lozano A, Morán M, Fiuza-Luces C, Ara I, Lucia A. Long-Term Exercise Intervention in Patients with McArdle Disease: Clinical and Aerobic Fitness Benefits. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1231-1241. [PMID: 35320153 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The long-term effects of exercise in patients with McArdle disease-the paradigm of "exercise intolerance"-are unknown. This is an important question because the severity of the disease frequently increases with time. PURPOSE This study aimed to study the effects of a long-term exercise intervention on clinical and fitness-related outcomes in McArdle patients. METHODS Seventeen patients (exercise group: n = 10, 6 male, 38 ± 18 yr; control: n = 7, 4 male, 38 ± 18 yr) participated in a 2-yr unsupervised intervention including moderate-intensity aerobic (cycle-ergometer exercise for 1 h) and resistance (high load-low repetition circuit) training on 5 and 2-3 d·wk -1 , respectively. Patients were assessed at baseline and postintervention. Besides safety, outcomes included clinical severity (e.g., exercise intolerance features) on a 0-3 scale (primary outcome), and aerobic fitness, gross muscle efficiency, and body composition (total/regional fat, muscle, and bone mass; secondary outcomes). RESULTS The exercise program was safe and resulted in a reduction of 1 point (-1.0; 95% confidence interval, -1.6 to -0.5; P = 0.025) in clinical severity versus the control group, with 60% of participants in the exercise group becoming virtually asymptomatic and with no functional limitation in daily life activities. Compared with controls, the intervention induced significant and large benefits (all P < 0.05) in the workload eliciting the ventilatory threshold (both in absolute (watts, +37%) and relative units (watts per kilogram of total body mass or of lower-limb muscle mass, +44%)), peak oxygen uptake (in milliliters per kilogram per minute, +28%), and peak workload (in absolute (+27%) and relative units (+33%)). However, no significant changes were found for muscle efficiency or for any measure of body composition. CONCLUSIONS A 2-yr unsupervised intervention including aerobic and resistance exercise is safe and induces major benefits in the clinical course and aerobic fitness of patients with McArdle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, SPAIN
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital "12 de Octubre" ("imas12"), Madrid, SPAIN
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13
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García-Consuegra I, Asensio-Peña S, Garrido-Moraga R, Pinós T, Domínguez-González C, Santalla A, Nogales-Gadea G, Serrano-Lorenzo P, Andreu AL, Arenas J, Zugaza JL, Lucia A, Martín MA. Identification of Potential Muscle Biomarkers in McArdle Disease: Insights from Muscle Proteome Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4650. [PMID: 35563042 PMCID: PMC9100117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type V (GSDV, McArdle disease) is a rare genetic myopathy caused by deficiency of the muscle isoform of glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM). This results in a block in the use of muscle glycogen as an energetic substrate, with subsequent exercise intolerance. The pathobiology of GSDV is still not fully understood, especially with regard to some features such as persistent muscle damage (i.e., even without prior exercise). We aimed at identifying potential muscle protein biomarkers of GSDV by analyzing the muscle proteome and the molecular networks associated with muscle dysfunction in these patients. Muscle biopsies from eight patients and eight healthy controls showing none of the features of McArdle disease, such as frequent contractures and persistent muscle damage, were studied by quantitative protein expression using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) followed by artificial neuronal networks (ANNs) and topology analysis. Protein candidate validation was performed by Western blot. Several proteins predominantly involved in the process of muscle contraction and/or calcium homeostasis, such as myosin, sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1, tropomyosin alpha-1 chain, troponin isoforms, and alpha-actinin-3, showed significantly lower expression levels in the muscle of GSDV patients. These proteins could be potential biomarkers of the persistent muscle damage in the absence of prior exertion reported in GSDV patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which PYGM controls the expression of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés García-Consuegra
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-C.); (S.A.-P.); (R.G.-M.); (C.D.-G.); (P.S.-L.); (J.A.); (A.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Asensio-Peña
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-C.); (S.A.-P.); (R.G.-M.); (C.D.-G.); (P.S.-L.); (J.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Rocío Garrido-Moraga
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-C.); (S.A.-P.); (R.G.-M.); (C.D.-G.); (P.S.-L.); (J.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Tomàs Pinós
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez-González
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-C.); (S.A.-P.); (R.G.-M.); (C.D.-G.); (P.S.-L.); (J.A.); (A.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Department of Computer and Sport Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediàtriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d’Investigacio en Ciencies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol i Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Pablo Serrano-Lorenzo
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-C.); (S.A.-P.); (R.G.-M.); (C.D.-G.); (P.S.-L.); (J.A.); (A.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antoni L. Andreu
- EATRIS, European Infrastructure for Translational Medicine, 1019 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-C.); (S.A.-P.); (R.G.-M.); (C.D.-G.); (P.S.-L.); (J.A.); (A.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José L. Zugaza
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Science Park of the UPV/EHU, and Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology, and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-C.); (S.A.-P.); (R.G.-M.); (C.D.-G.); (P.S.-L.); (J.A.); (A.L.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martín
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Group, Hospital 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.-C.); (S.A.-P.); (R.G.-M.); (C.D.-G.); (P.S.-L.); (J.A.); (A.L.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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14
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Tolchin DW. Rehabilitation in Neuromuscular Disorders. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-71317-7.00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Bordoli C, Murphy E, Varley I, Sharpe G, Hennis P. A Systematic Review investigating the Effectiveness of Exercise training in Glycogen Storage Diseases. THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN RARE DISEASE 2022; 3:26330040221076497. [PMID: 37180413 PMCID: PMC10032442 DOI: 10.1177/26330040221076497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are rare inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism typically with skeletal muscle and liver involvement. In those with skeletal muscle involvement, the majority display symptoms of exercise intolerance which can cause profound exercise limitation and impair everyday living and quality of life (QoL). There are no curative treatments for GSDs, thus therapeutic options, such as exercise training, are aimed at improving QoL by alleviating signs and symptoms. In order to investigate the effectiveness of exercise training in adults with GSDs, we systematically reviewed the literature. Methods In this review we conducted searches within SCOPUS and MEDLINE to identify potential papers for inclusion. These papers were independently assessed for inclusion and quality by two authors. We identified 23 studies which included aerobic training, strength training or respiratory muscle training in patients with McArdles (n = 41) and Pompe disease (n = 139). Results In McArdle disease, aerobic exercise training improved aerobic capacity (VO2 peak) by 14-111% with further benefits to functional capacity and well-being. Meanwhile, strength training increased muscle peak power by 100-151% and reduced disease severity. In Pompe disease, a combination of aerobic and strength training improved VO2 peak by 9-10%, muscle peak power by 64%, functional capacity and well-being. Furthermore, respiratory muscle training (RMT) improved respiratory muscular strength [maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) increased by up to 65% and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) by up to 70%], with additional benefits shown in aerobic capacity, functional capacity and well-being. Conclusion This adds to the growing body of evidence which suggests that supervised exercise training is safe and effective in improving aerobic capacity and muscle function in adults with McArdle or Pompe disease. However, the literature base is limited in quality and quantity with a dearth of literature regarding exercise training in other GSD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bordoli
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement
(SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton,
Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Elaine Murphy
- Charles Dent Metabolic Unit, The National
Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Ian Varley
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement
(SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Graham Sharpe
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement
(SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philip Hennis
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement
(SHAPE) Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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16
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Salazar-Martínez E, Santalla A, Valenzuela PL, Nogales-Gadea G, Pinós T, Morán M, Santos-Lozano A, Fiuza-Luces C, Lucia A. The Second Wind in McArdle Patients: Fitness Matters. Front Physiol 2021; 12:744632. [PMID: 34721068 PMCID: PMC8555491 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.744632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The “second wind” (SW) phenomenon—commonly referring to both an initial period of marked intolerance to dynamic exercise (e.g., brisk walking) that is not followed by perceived improvement and disappearance of previous tachycardia (i.e., the actual “SW”) until 6–10 min has elapsed—is an almost unique feature of McArdle disease that limits adherence to an active lifestyle. In this regard, an increase in the workload eliciting the SW could potentially translate into an improved patients’ exercise tolerance in daily life. We aimed to determine whether aerobic fitness and physical activity (PA) levels are correlated with the minimum workload eliciting the SW in McArdle patients—as well as with the corresponding heart rate value. We also compared the SW variables and aerobic fitness indicators in inactive vs. active patients. Methods: Fifty-four McArdle patients (24 women, mean ± SD age 33 ± 12 years) performed 12-min constant-load and maximum ramp-like cycle-ergometer tests for SW detection and aerobic fitness [peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and workload and ventilatory threshold] determination, respectively. They were categorized as physically active/inactive during the prior 6 months (active = reporting ≥150 min/week or ≥75 min/week in moderate or vigorous-intensity aerobic PA, respectively) and were also asked on their self-report of the SW. Results: Both peak and submaximal indicators of aerobic fitness obtained in the ramp tests were significantly correlated with the workload of the SW test, with a particularly strong correlation for the VO2peak and peak workload attained by the patients (both Pearson’s coefficients > 0.70). Twenty (seven women) and 24 patients (18 women) were categorized as physically active and inactive, respectively. Not only the aerobic fitness level [∼18–19% higher values of VO2peak (ml⋅kg–1⋅min–1)] but also the workload of the SW tests was significantly higher in active than in inactive patients. All the inactive patients reported that they experienced the SW during walking/brisk walking in daily life, whereas active patients only reported experiencing this phenomenon during more strenuous activities (very brisk walking/jogging and bicycling). Conclusion: A higher aerobic fitness and an active lifestyle are associated with a higher workload eliciting the so-called SW phenomenon in patients with McArdle disease, which has a positive impact on their exercise tolerance during daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Department of Sports and Computing, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.,EVOPRED Research Group, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Research Group, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomàs Pinós
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain.,Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Physical Activity and Health Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Manta A, Spendiff S, Lochmüller H, Thompson R. Targeted Therapies for Metabolic Myopathies Related to Glycogen Storage and Lipid Metabolism: a Systematic Review and Steps Towards a 'Treatabolome'. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:401-417. [PMID: 33720849 PMCID: PMC8203237 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic myopathies are a heterogenous group of muscle diseases typically characterized by exercise intolerance, myalgia and progressive muscle weakness. Effective treatments for some of these diseases are available, but while our understanding of the pathogenesis of metabolic myopathies related to glycogen storage, lipid metabolism and β-oxidation is well established, evidence linking treatments with the precise causative genetic defect is lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to collate all published evidence on pharmacological therapies for the aforementioned metabolic myopathies and link this to the genetic mutation in a format amenable to databasing for further computational use in line with the principles of the "treatabolome" project. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to retrieve all levels of evidence examining the therapeutic efficacy of pharmacological treatments on metabolic myopathies related to glycogen storage and lipid metabolism. A key inclusion criterion was the availability of the genetic variant of the treated patients in order to link treatment outcome with the genetic defect. RESULTS Of the 1,085 articles initially identified, 268 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 87 were carried over into the final data extraction. The most studied metabolic myopathies were Pompe disease (45 articles), multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency related to mutations in the ETFDH gene (15 articles) and systemic primary carnitine deficiency (8 articles). The most studied therapeutic management strategies for these diseases were enzyme replacement therapy, riboflavin, and carnitine supplementation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review provides evidence for treatments of metabolic myopathies linked with the genetic defect in a computationally accessible format suitable for databasing in the treatabolome system, which will enable clinicians to acquire evidence on appropriate therapeutic options for their patient at the time of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Manta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S. Spendiff
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - H. Lochmüller
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center –University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG-CRG), Center for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - R. Thompson
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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18
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McNamara EL, Taylor RL, Clayton JS, Goullee H, Dilworth KL, Pinós T, Brull A, Alexander IE, Lisowski L, Ravenscroft G, Laing NG, Nowak KJ. Systemic AAV8-mediated delivery of a functional copy of muscle glycogen phosphorylase (Pygm) ameliorates disease in a murine model of McArdle disease. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:20-30. [PMID: 31511858 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
McArdle disease is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism that causes painful skeletal muscle cramps and skeletal muscle damage leading to transient myoglobinuria and increased risk of kidney failure. McArdle disease is caused by recessive mutations in the muscle glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM) gene leading to absence of PYGM enzyme in skeletal muscle and preventing access to energy from muscle glycogen stores. There is currently no cure for McArdle disease. Using a preclinical animal model, we aimed to identify a clinically translatable and relevant therapy for McArdle disease. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (rAAV8) to treat a murine model of McArdle disease via delivery of a functional copy of the disease-causing gene, Pygm. Intraperitoneal injection of rAAV8-Pygm at post-natal day 1-3 resulted in Pygm expression at 8 weeks of age, accompanied by improved skeletal muscle architecture, reduced accumulation of glycogen and restoration of voluntary running wheel activity to wild-type levels. We did not observe any adverse reaction to the treatment at 8 weeks post-injection. Thus, we have investigated a highly promising gene therapy for McArdle disease with a clear path to the ovine large animal model endemic to Western Australia and subsequently to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyshia L McNamara
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rhonda L Taylor
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Joshua S Clayton
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hayley Goullee
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Dilworth
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Vector and Genome Engineering Facility, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Tomàs Pinós
- Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Disorders Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Astrid Brull
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS_974, Center of Research in Myology, Paris 75013, France
| | - Ian E Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Vector and Genome Engineering Facility, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.,Translational Vectorology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Centre, Puławy 24-100, Poland
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kristen J Nowak
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Western Australian Department of Health, Office of Population Health Genomics, East Perth, WA 6004, Australia
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19
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Valenzuela PL, Castillo-García A, Morales JS, Lucia A. Perspective: Ketone Supplementation in Sports-Does It Work? Adv Nutr 2020; 12:305-315. [PMID: 33094332 PMCID: PMC8243601 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral ketone supplements have gained popularity in recent years. There is biological rationale for a potential ergogenic effect of this type of supplement, as they might not only alter muscle fuel preference during exercise (and promote glycogen sparing, with potential benefits for endurance performance) but also favor cognition performance during exertion or muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise. However, as discussed in this Perspective, evidence to date does not support a benefit of acute ketone supplementation on sports performance, cognition, or muscle recovery [although further research with long-duration exercise (i.e., >60 min), is needed], and the evidence for chronic supplementation is sparse. In addition, acute intake of ketone supplements might be associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, and further research is warranted on the long-term safety of repeated use of ketone supplements. In summary, there is currently insufficient evidence to support the overall effectiveness of ketone supplements in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier S Morales
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Pinós T, Andreu AL, Bruno C, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Haller RG, Laforêt P, Lucía A, Martín MA, Martinuzzi A, Navarro C, Oflazer P, Pouget J, Quinlivan R, Sacconi S, Scalco RS, Toscano A, Vissing J, Vorgerd M, Wakelin A, Martí R. Creation and implementation of a European registry for patients with McArdle disease and other muscle glycogenoses (EUROMAC registry). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:187. [PMID: 33054807 PMCID: PMC7558742 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND International patient registries are of particular importance for rare disorders, as they may contribute to overcome the lack of knowledge derived from low number of patients and limited awareness of these diseases, and help to learn more about their geographical or population-based specificities, which is relevant for research purposes and for promoting better standards of care and diagnosis. Our objective was to create and implement a European registry for patients with McArdle disease and other muscle glycogenoses (EUROMAC) and to disseminate the knowledge of these disorders. RESULTS Teams from nine different countries (United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Denmark, Greece, Turkey and USA) created a consortium that developed the first European registry dedicated to rare muscle glycogenoses. A work plan was implemented to design the database and platform that constitute the registry, by choosing clinical, genetics and molecular variables of interest, based on experience gained from previous national registries for similar metabolic disorders. Among dissemination activities, several teaching events were organized in different countries, especially those where the consortium considered the awareness of these diseases needs to be promoted among health professionals and patients. CONCLUSION EUROMAC represents a step forward in the knowledge of those disorders to which it is dedicated, and will have relevant clinical outcomes at the diagnostic, epidemiological, clinical and research level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomàs Pinós
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Research Group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antoni L Andreu
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Research Group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Claudio Bruno
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Ronald G Haller
- Neuromuscular Center, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine of Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Pascal Laforêt
- Nord/Est/Ile de France Neuromuscular Reference Center, Neurology Department, Raymond-Poincaré Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, Garches, France
- INSERM U1179, END-ICAP, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Alejandro Lucía
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and 12 de Octubre University Hospital Research Institute, ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and 12 de Octubre University Hospital Research Institute, ('imas12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Martinuzzi
- Department of Conegliano-Pieve di Soligo, IRCCS Eugenio Medea-Associazione "La Nostra Famiglia" Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | | | - Piraye Oflazer
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jean Pouget
- Centre de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Ros Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Renata S Scalco
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital, London, UK
| | - Antonio Toscano
- Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - John Vissing
- Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Ramon Martí
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Research Group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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21
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Rodríguez-Gómez I, Santalla A, Diez-Bermejo J, Munguía-Izquierdo D, Alegre LM, Nogales-Gadea G, Arenas J, Martín MA, Lucia A, Ara I. Sex Differences and the Influence of an Active Lifestyle on Adiposity in Patients with McArdle Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124334. [PMID: 32560448 PMCID: PMC7344565 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
McArdle disease (glycogenosis-V) is associated with exercise intolerance, however, how it affects an important marker of cardiometabolic health as it is adiposity remains unknown. We evaluated the association between physical activity (PA) and adiposity in patients with McArdle disease. We assessed 199 adults of both sexes (51 McArdle patients (36 ± 11 years) and 148 healthy controls (35 ± 10 years)). Body fat (BF) was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method and each patient’s PA was assessed with the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ). Although body mass index values did not differ between patients and controls, McArdle patients had significantly higher values of BF in all body regions (p < 0.05) and higher risk of suffering obesity (odds ratio (OR): 2.54, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.32–4.88). Male patients had higher BF and obesity risk (OR: 3.69, 95% CI: 1.46−9.34) than their sex-matched controls, but no differences were found within the female sex (p < 0.05). In turn, active female patients had lower trunk BF than their inactive peers (p < 0.05). Males with McArdle seem to have adiposity problems and a higher risk of developing obesity than people without the condition, while female patients show similar or even better levels in the trunk region with an active lifestyle. Therefore, special attention should be given to decrease adiposity and reduce obesity risk in males with McArdle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (I.R.-G.); (L.M.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (D.M.-I.); (A.L.)
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (D.M.-I.); (A.L.)
- Department of Sport and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jorge Diez-Bermejo
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (J.D.-B.); (J.A.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Diego Munguía-Izquierdo
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (D.M.-I.); (A.L.)
- Department of Sport and Computer Science, Section of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis M. Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (I.R.-G.); (L.M.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (D.M.-I.); (A.L.)
| | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Department of Neurosciences, Institut d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol I Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Badalona, Spain;
- CIBER of Rare Disorders (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (J.D.-B.); (J.A.); (M.A.M.)
- CIBER of Rare Disorders (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martín
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (J.D.-B.); (J.A.); (M.A.M.)
- CIBER of Rare Disorders (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (D.M.-I.); (A.L.)
- School of Research and Doctorate Studies, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain; (I.R.-G.); (L.M.A.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.S.); (D.M.-I.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-925-268-800 (ext. 5543)
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22
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Madsen KL, Laforêt P, Buch AE, Stemmerik MG, Ottolenghi C, Hatem SN, Raaschou-Pedersen DT, Poulsen NS, Atencio M, Luton MP, Ceccaldi A, Haller RG, Quinlivan R, Mochel F, Vissing J. No effect of triheptanoin on exercise performance in McArdle disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1949-1960. [PMID: 31520525 PMCID: PMC6801166 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study if treatment with triheptanoin, a 7‐carbon triglyceride, improves exercise tolerance in patients with McArdle disease. McArdle patients have a complete block in glycogenolysis and glycogen‐dependent expansion of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which may restrict fat oxidation. We hypothesized that triheptanoin metabolism generates substrates for the TCA, which potentially boosts fat oxidation and improves exercise tolerance in McArdle disease. Methods Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover study in patients with McArdle disease completing two treatment periods of 14 days each with a triheptanoin or placebo diet (1 g/kg/day). Primary outcome was change in mean heart rate during 20 min submaximal exercise on a cycle ergometer. Secondary outcomes were change in peak workload and oxygen uptake along with changes in blood metabolites and respiratory quotients. Results Nineteen of 22 patients completed the trial. Malate levels rose on triheptanoin treatment versus placebo (8.0 ± SD2.3 vs. 5.5 ± SD1.8 µmol/L, P < 0.001), but dropped from rest to exercise (P < 0.001). There was no difference in exercise heart rates between triheptanoin (120 ± SD16 bpm) and placebo (121 ± SD16 bpm) treatments. Compared with placebo, triheptanoin did not change the submaximal respiratory quotient (0.82 ± SD0.05 vs. 0.84 ± SD0.03), peak workload (105 ± SD38 vs. 102 ± SD31 Watts), or peak oxygen uptake (1938 ± SD499 vs. 1977 ± SD380 mL/min). Interpretation Despite increased resting plasma malate with triheptanoin, the increase was insufficient to generate a normal TCA turnover during exercise and the treatment has no effect on exercise capacity or oxidative metabolism in patients with McArdle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Madsen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pascal Laforêt
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, AP-HP, Garches, France
| | - Astrid E Buch
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads G Stemmerik
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chris Ottolenghi
- Metabolomics Unit, Service des Explorations fonctionnelles, Necker Hospital and Descartes University of Paris, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane N Hatem
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Cardiology Institute, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Daniel T Raaschou-Pedersen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna S Poulsen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Atencio
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandre Ceccaldi
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Cardiology Institute, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ronald G Haller
- Neuromuscular Center, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine of Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ros Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, England
| | - Fanny Mochel
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC-Paris 6, UMR S 1127, Paris, France.,Department of Genetics and Reference Center for Adult Neurometabolic diseases, La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Abstract
Most of the glycogen metabolism disorders that affect skeletal muscle involve enzymes in glycogenolysis (myophosphorylase (PYGM), glycogen debranching enzyme (AGL), phosphorylase b kinase (PHKB)) and glycolysis (phosphofructokinase (PFK), phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM2), aldolase A (ALDOA), β-enolase (ENO3)); however, 3 involve glycogen synthesis (glycogenin-1 (GYG1), glycogen synthase (GSE), and branching enzyme (GBE1)). Many present with exercise-induced cramps and rhabdomyolysis with higher-intensity exercise (i.e., PYGM, PFK, PGAM2), yet others present with muscle atrophy and weakness (GYG1, AGL, GBE1). A failure of serum lactate to rise with exercise with an exaggerated ammonia response is a common, but not invariant, finding. The serum creatine kinase (CK) is often elevated in the myopathic forms and in PYGM deficiency, but can be normal and increase only with rhabdomyolysis (PGAM2, PFK, ENO3). Therapy for glycogen storage diseases that result in exercise-induced symptoms includes lifestyle adaptation and carefully titrated exercise. Immediate pre-exercise carbohydrate improves symptoms in the glycogenolytic defects (i.e., PYGM), but can exacerbate symptoms in glycolytic defects (i.e., PFK). Creatine monohydrate in low dose may provide a mild benefit in PYGM mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Division of Neuromuscular & Neurometabolic Disorders, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Rm 2H26, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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24
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Abstract
Exertional (exercise-induced) rhabdomyolysis is a potentially life threatening condition that has been the subject of research, intense discussion, and media attention. The causes of rhabdomyolysis are numerous and can include direct muscle injury, unaccustomed exercise, ischemia, extreme temperatures, electrolyte abnormalities, endocrinologic conditions, genetic disorders, autoimmune disorders, infections, drugs, toxins, and venoms. The objective of this article is to review the literature on exertional rhabdomyolysis, identify precipitating factors, and examine the role of the dietary supplement creatine monohydrate. PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases were searched using the terms rhabdomyolysis, muscle damage, creatine, creatine supplementation, creatine monohydrate, and phosphocreatine. Additionally, the references of papers identified through this search were examined for relevant studies. A meta-analysis was not performed. Although the prevalence of rhabdomyolysis is low, instances still occur where exercise is improperly prescribed or used as punishment, or incomplete medical history is taken, and exertional rhabdomyolysis occurs. Creatine monohydrate does not appear to be a precipitating factor for exertional rhabdomyolysis. Healthcare professionals should be able to recognize the basic signs of exertional rhabdomyolysis so prompt treatment can be administered. For the risk of rhabdomyolysis to remain low, exercise testing and prescription must be properly conducted based on professional standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Rawson
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Science, Messiah College, One College Avenue Suite 4501, Mechanicsburg, PA, 17055, USA.
| | | | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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25
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Rodríguez-Gómez I, Santalla A, Díez-Bermejo J, Munguía-Izquierdo D, Alegre LM, Nogales-Gadea G, Arenas J, Martín MÁ, Lucía A, Ara I. A New Condition in McArdle Disease: Poor Bone Health-Benefits of an Active Lifestyle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:3-10. [PMID: 29251685 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION-PURPOSE McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency) is a genetic condition associated with exercise intolerance, but how it affects lean mass (LM) and bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) in patients is unknown. We compared these variables between McArdle patients and age-/sex-matched healthy controls and assessed their potential association with physical activity levels in patients. METHODS A case-control, cross-sectional design was used to examine LM, BMC, and BMD by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 136 young adults of both sexes (36 McArdle patients (33 ± 15 yr) and 103 controls (34 ± 11 yr)). Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS McArdle patients had significantly lower LM values in whole-body and regional sites compared with their corresponding controls, whereas no differences were found (except for the trunk) when physically active patients (n = 23) were compared with controls. All bone-related variables were significantly lower in patients than in controls (average difference of 13% for BMC and 7.6% for BMD). By contrast, no significant differences at the lumbar spine, pelvis, and femur sites were found between physically active patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS We report on a previously undescribed condition in McArdle patients, poor bone health, which warrants further attention because it can occur in relatively young adults. An active lifestyle can at least partly alleviate this disorder presumably because of its beneficial effect on LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rodríguez-Gómez
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Jorge Díez-Bermejo
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Diego Munguía-Izquierdo
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Luis M Alegre
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Joaquin Arenas
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Miguel Ángel Martín
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Alejandro Lucía
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, SPAIN
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26
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Fiuza-Luces C, Santos-Lozano A, Llavero F, Campo R, Nogales-Gadea G, Díez-Bermejo J, Baladrón C, González-Murillo Á, Arenas J, Martín MA, Andreu AL, Pinós T, Gálvez BG, López JA, Vázquez J, Zugaza JL, Lucia A. Muscle molecular adaptations to endurance exercise training are conditioned by glycogen availability: a proteomics-based analysis in the McArdle mouse model. J Physiol 2018; 596:1035-1061. [PMID: 29315579 DOI: 10.1113/jp275292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Although they are unable to utilize muscle glycogen, McArdle mice adapt favourably to an individualized moderate-intensity endurance exercise training regime. Yet, they fail to reach the performance capacity of healthy mice with normal glycogen availability. There is a remarkable difference in the protein networks involved in muscle tissue adaptations to endurance exercise training in mice with and without glycogen availability. Indeed, endurance exercise training promoted the expression of only three proteins common to both McArdle and wild-type mice: LIMCH1, PARP1 and TIGD4. In turn, trained McArdle mice presented strong expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 (MAPK12). ABSTRACT McArdle's disease is an inborn disorder of skeletal muscle glycogen metabolism that results in blockade of glycogen breakdown due to mutations in the myophosphorylase gene. We recently developed a mouse model carrying the homozygous p.R50X common human mutation (McArdle mouse), facilitating the study of how glycogen availability affects muscle molecular adaptations to endurance exercise training. Using quantitative differential analysis by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, we analysed the quadriceps muscle proteome of 16-week-old McArdle (n = 5) and wild-type (WT) (n = 4) mice previously subjected to 8 weeks' moderate-intensity treadmill training or to an equivalent control (no training) period. Protein networks enriched within the differentially expressed proteins with training in WT and McArdle mice were assessed by hypergeometric enrichment analysis. Whereas endurance exercise training improved the estimated maximal aerobic capacity of both WT and McArdle mice as compared with controls, it was ∼50% lower than normal in McArdle mice before and after training. We found a remarkable difference in the protein networks involved in muscle tissue adaptations induced by endurance exercise training with and without glycogen availability, and training induced the expression of only three proteins common to McArdle and WT mice: LIM and calponin homology domains-containing protein 1 (LIMCH1), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1 - although the training effect was more marked in McArdle mice), and tigger transposable element derived 4 (TIGD4). Trained McArdle mice presented strong expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 (MAPK12). Through an in-depth proteomic analysis, we provide mechanistic insight into how glycogen availability affects muscle protein signalling adaptations to endurance exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory and 'MITOLAB-CM', Research Institute of Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain.,i+HeALTH, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Campo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Research group in Neuromuscular and Neuropediatric Diseases, Neurosciences Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and Campus Can Ruti, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Badalona, Spain.,Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain
| | | | - Carlos Baladrón
- i+HeALTH, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - África González-Murillo
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario Niño Jesús and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory and 'MITOLAB-CM', Research Institute of Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Antoni L Andreu
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain.,Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Research Institute (VHIR) Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomàs Pinós
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Spain.,Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Pathology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Research Institute (VHIR) Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A López
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Integrado de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Integrado de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Zugaza
- Achucarro - Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
We present a case of a 51-year-old man who went to the emergency department after an almost-drowning episode, presenting with muscular weakness, myalgia and dark urine. Laboratory data showed a severe rhabdomyolysis (creatine kinase 497 510 U/L). Despite aggressive fluid therapy, an oliguric acute kidney injury was established with temporary need of haemodialysis. The patient had a longtime history of exercise intolerance and family history of a metabolic myopathy, namely a sister with McArdle's disease. The genetic test was positive. McArdle's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the muscle glycogen phosphorylase gene that encodes the myophosphorylase. The main symptom consists in exercise intolerance and the most severe complication is rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure. Metabolic myopathies, such as McArdle's disease, should be considered in patients with acute renal failure due to unexplained severe rhabdomyolysis, especially if there are chronic complaints of exercise intolerance and positive family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pinto
- Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Teixeira
- Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Oliveira
- Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Alves
- Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clínica Universitária de Nefrologia, Universidade de Coimbra Faculdade de Medicina, Coimbra, Portugal
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28
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Taylor RL, Davis M, Turner E, Brull A, Pinos T, Cabrera M, Nowak KJ. Clinical utility gene card for McArdle disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:758-764. [PMID: 29371640 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Name of the disease (synonyms) McArdle disease (glycogenosis type V; glycogen storage disease V (GSDV); PYGM deficiency; muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency; myophosphorylase deficiency). OMIM# of the disease #232600. Name of the analysed genes or DNA/chromosome segments Muscle glycogen phosphoryalse (PYGM). OMIM# of the gene(s) #608455.Review of the analytical and clinical validity as well as of the clinical utility of DNA-based testing for variants in the PYGM gene(s) in⊠ diagnostic,⊠ predictive and⊠ prenatal settings and for⊠ risk assessment in relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda L Taylor
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, QQ Block, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark Davis
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Genomics, QEII Medical Centre, PP Block, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Emma Turner
- Centre for Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, QQ Block, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Astrid Brull
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center of Research in Myology, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Tomás Pinos
- Mitochondrial Pathology and Neuromuscular Disorders Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Macarena Cabrera
- Neurology Department and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Kristen J Nowak
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, QQ Block, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia. .,Public and Aboriginal Health Division, Department of Health, Office of Population Health Genomics, East Perth, WA, 6004, Australia.
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic myopathies are genetic disorders that impair intermediary metabolism in skeletal muscle. Impairments in glycolysis/glycogenolysis (glycogen-storage disease), fatty acid transport and oxidation (fatty acid oxidation defects), and the mitochondrial respiratory chain (mitochondrial myopathies) represent the majority of known defects. The purpose of this review is to develop a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the metabolic myopathies. RECENT FINDINGS The metabolic myopathies can present in the neonatal and infant period as part of more systemic involvement with hypotonia, hypoglycemia, and encephalopathy; however, most cases present in childhood or in adulthood with exercise intolerance (often with rhabdomyolysis) and weakness. The glycogen-storage diseases present during brief bouts of high-intensity exercise, whereas fatty acid oxidation defects and mitochondrial myopathies present during a long-duration/low-intensity endurance-type activity or during fasting or another metabolically stressful event (eg, surgery, fever). The clinical examination is often normal between acute events, and evaluation involves exercise testing, blood testing (creatine kinase, acylcarnitine profile, lactate, amino acids), urine organic acids (ketones, dicarboxylic acids, 3-methylglutaconic acid), muscle biopsy (histology, ultrastructure, enzyme testing), MRI/spectroscopy, and targeted or untargeted genetic testing. SUMMARY Accurate and early identification of metabolic myopathies can lead to therapeutic interventions with lifestyle and nutritional modification, cofactor treatment, and rapid treatment of rhabdomyolysis.
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30
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Santalla A, Nogales-Gadea G, Encinar AB, Vieitez I, González-Quintana A, Serrano-Lorenzo P, Consuegra IG, Asensio S, Ballester-Lopez A, Pintos-Morell G, Coll-Cantí J, Pareja-Galeano H, Díez-Bermejo J, Pérez M, Andreu AL, Pinós T, Arenas J, Martín MA, Lucia A. Genotypic and phenotypic features of all Spanish patients with McArdle disease: a 2016 update. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:819. [PMID: 29143597 PMCID: PMC5688471 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently described the genotype/phenotype features of all Spanish patients diagnosed with McArdle disease as of January 2011 (n = 239, prevalence of ~1/167,000) (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012;83:322-8). Several caveats were however identified suggesting that the prevalence of the disease is actually higher. METHODS We have now updated main genotype/phenotype data, as well as potential associations within/between them, of all Spanish individuals currently diagnosed with McArdle disease (December 2016). RESULTS Ninety-four new patients (all Caucasian) have been diagnosed, yielding a prevalence of ~1/139,543 individuals. Around 55% of the mutated alleles have the commonest PYGM pathogenic mutation p.R50X, whereas p.W798R and p.G205S account for 10 and 9% of the allelic variants, respectively. Seven new mutations were identified: p.H35R, p.R70C, p.R94Q, p.L132WfsX163, p.Q176P, p.R576Q, and c.244-3_244-2CA. Almost all patients show exercise intolerance, the second wind phenomenon and high serum creatine kinase activity. There is, however, heterogeneity in clinical severity, with 8% of patients being asymptomatic during normal daily life, and 21% showing limitations during daily activities and fixed muscle weakness. A major remaining challenge is one of diagnosis, which is often delayed until the third decade of life in 72% of new patients despite the vast majority (86%) reporting symptoms before 20 years. An important development is the growing proportion of those reporting a 4-year improvement in disease severity (now 34%) and following an active lifestyle (50%). Physically active patients are more likely to report an improvement after a 4-year period in the clinical course of the disease than their inactive peers (odds ratio: 13.98; 95% confidence interval: 5.6, 34.9; p < 0.001). Peak oxygen uptake is also higher in the former (20.7 ± 6.0 vs. 16.8 ± 5.3 mL/kg/min, p = 0.0013). Finally, there is no association between PYGM genotype and phenotype manifestation of the disease. CONCLUSIONS The reported prevalence of McArdle disease grows exponentially despite frequent, long delays in genetic diagnosis, suggesting that many patients remain undiagnosed. Until a genetic cure is available (which is not predicted in the near future), current epidemiologic data support that adoption of an active lifestyle is the best medicine for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Santalla
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Camí de les Escoles, s/n 08916, (Barcelona), Badalona, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto Blázquez Encinar
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Vieitez
- Rare Diseases and Pediatric Medicine Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Adrian González-Quintana
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Serrano-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés García Consuegra
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Asensio
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonsina Ballester-Lopez
- Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Camí de les Escoles, s/n 08916, (Barcelona), Badalona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillem Pintos-Morell
- Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Camí de les Escoles, s/n 08916, (Barcelona), Badalona, Spain.,Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Coll-Cantí
- Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Camí de les Escoles, s/n 08916, (Barcelona), Badalona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Díez-Bermejo
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Antoni L Andreu
- Departament de Patologia Mitocondrial i Neuromuscular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomàs Pinós
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Patologia Mitocondrial i Neuromuscular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Quinlivan R, Andreu AL, Marti R. 211th ENMC International Workshop:: Development of diagnostic criteria and management strategies for McArdle Disease and related rare glycogenolytic disorders to improve standards of care. 17-19 April 2015, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2017; 27:1143-1151. [PMID: 29079393 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ros Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
| | - Antoni L Andreu
- Research Group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ramon Marti
- Research Group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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33
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Kaczor JJ, Robertshaw HA, Tarnopolsky MA. Higher oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of McArdle disease patients. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2017. [PMID: 28649515 PMCID: PMC5470535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
McArdle disease (MCD) is an autosomal recessive condition resulting from skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency. The resultant block in glycogenolysis leads to an increased flux through the xanthine oxidase pathway (myogenic hyperuricemia) and could lead to an increase in oxidative stress. We examined markers of oxidative stress (8-isoprostane and protein carbonyls), NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activity in skeletal muscle of MCD patients (N = 12) and controls (N = 12). Eight-isoprostanes and protein carbonyls were higher in MCD patients as compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was a compensatory up-regulation of catalase protein content and activity (p < 0.05), mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protein content (p < 0.01) and activity (p < 0.05) in MCD patients, yet this increase was not sufficient to protect the muscle against elevated oxidative damage. These results suggest that oxidative stress in McArdle patients occurs and future studies should evaluate a potential role for oxidative stress contributing to acute pathology (rhabdomyolysis) and possibly later onset fixed myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan J Kaczor
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Neurobiology of Muscle, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Holly A Robertshaw
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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34
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Nogales-Gadea G, Santalla A, Arenas J, Martín MA, Morán M, Lucia A. Low versus high carbohydrates in the diet of the world-class athlete: insights from McArdle's disease. J Physiol 2017; 595:2991-2992. [PMID: 28452139 DOI: 10.1113/jp274060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Grup de Recerca en Malalties Neuromusculars i Neuropediatriques, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
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35
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Vissing J. Exercise training in metabolic myopathies. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:559-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Porcelli S, Marzorati M, Morandi L, Grassi B. Home-based aerobic exercise training improves skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism in patients with metabolic myopathies. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:699-708. [PMID: 27445303 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00885.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic training can be effective in patients with mitochondrial myopathies (MM) and McArdle's disease (McA). The aim of the study was to use noninvasive functional evaluation methods, specifically aimed at skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism, to evaluate the effects of an aerobic exercise training (cycle ergometer, 12 wk, 4 days/wk, ∼65-70% of maximal heart rate) in 6 MM and 7 McA. Oxygen uptake and skeletal muscle vastus lateralis fractional O2 extraction by near-infrared spectroscopy were assessed during incremental and low-intensity constant work rate (CWR) exercises before (BEFORE) and at the end (AFTER) of training. Peak O2 uptake increased significantly with training both in MM [14.7 ± 1.2 vs. 17.6 ± 1.4 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) (mean ± SD)] and in McA (18.5 ± 1.8 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) vs. 21.6 ± 1.9). Peak skeletal muscle fractional O2 extraction increased with training both in MM (22.0 ± 6.7 vs. 32.6 ± 5.9%) and in McA (18.5 ± 6.2 vs. 37.2 ± 7.2%). During low-intensity CWR in both MM and McA: V̇o2 kinetics became faster in AFTER, but only in the patients with slow V̇o2 kinetics in BEFORE; the transient overshoot in fractional O2 extraction kinetics disappeared. The level of habitual physical activity was not higher 3 mo after training (FOLLOW-UP vs. PRE). In MM and McA patients a home-based aerobic training program significantly attenuated the impairment of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and improved variables associated with exercise tolerance. Our findings indicate that in MM and McA patients near-infrared spectroscopy and V̇o2 kinetics can effectively detect the functional improvements obtained by training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Porcelli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy; Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mauro Marzorati
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy
| | - Lucia Morandi
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta" Foundation, Milan, Italy; and
| | - Bruno Grassi
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Segrate, Italy; Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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NOGALES-GADEA GISELA, SANTALLA ALFREDO, BALLESTER-LOPEZ ALFONSINA, ARENAS JOAQUÍN, MARTÍN MIGUELANGEL, GODFREY RICHARD, PINÍS TOMÀS, PINTOS-MORELL GUILLEM, COLL-CANTÍ JAUME, LUCIA ALEJANDRO. Exercise and Preexercise Nutrition as Treatment for McArdle Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:673-9. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nogales-Gadea G, Godfrey R, Santalla A, Coll-Cantí J, Pintos-Morell G, Pinós T, Arenas J, Martín MA, Lucia A. Genes and exercise intolerance: insights from McArdle disease. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:93-100. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00076.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
McArdle disease (glycogen storage disease type V) is caused by inherited deficiency of a key enzyme in muscle metabolism, the skeletal muscle-specific isoform of glycogen phosphorylase, “myophosphorylase,” which is encoded by the PYGM gene. Here we review the main pathophysiological, genotypic, and phenotypic features of McArdle disease and their interactions. To date, moderate-intensity exercise (together with pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion) is the only treatment option that has proven useful for these patients. Furthermore, regular physical activity attenuates the clinical severity of McArdle disease. This is quite remarkable for a monogenic disorder that consistently leads to the same metabolic defect at the muscle tissue level, that is, complete inability to use muscle glycogen stores. Further knowledge of this disorder would help patients and enhance understanding of exercise metabolism as well as exercise genomics. Indeed, McArdle disease is a paradigm of human exercise intolerance and PYGM genotyping should be included in the genetic analyses that might be applied in the coming personalized exercise medicine as well as in future research on genetics and exercise-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Translational Research Laboratory in Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol i Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Richard Godfrey
- Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Coll-Cantí
- Translational Research Laboratory in Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol i Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Unidad Neuromuscular, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Pintos-Morell
- Translational Research Laboratory in Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol i Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
- Servicio de Pediatría, Unidad de Enfermedades Minoritarias, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomàs Pinós
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Patologia Mitocondrial i Neuromuscular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Miguel Angel Martín
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; and
- Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
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39
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Garton FC, North KN, Koch LG, Britton SL, Nogales-Gadea G, Lucia A. Rodent models for resolving extremes of exercise and health. Physiol Genomics 2015; 48:82-92. [PMID: 26395598 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00077.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The extremes of exercise capacity and health are considered a complex interplay between genes and the environment. In general, the study of animal models has proven critical for deep mechanistic exploration that provides guidance for focused and hypothesis-driven discovery in humans. Hypotheses underlying molecular mechanisms of disease and gene/tissue function can be tested in rodents to generate sufficient evidence to resolve and progress our understanding of human biology. Here we provide examples of three alternative uses of rodent models that have been applied successfully to advance knowledge that bridges our understanding of the connection between exercise capacity and health status. First we review the strong association between exercise capacity and all-cause morbidity and mortality in humans through artificial selection on low and high exercise performance in the rat and the consequent generation of the "energy transfer hypothesis." Second we review specific transgenic and knockout mouse models that replicate the human disease condition and performance. This includes human glycogen storage diseases (McArdle and Pompe) and α-actinin-3 deficiency. Together these rodent models provide an overview of the advancements of molecular knowledge required for clinical translation. Continued study of these models in conjunction with human association studies will be critical to resolving the complex gene-environment interplay linking exercise capacity, health, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur C Garton
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Kathryn N North
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Royal Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol i Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; and
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol i Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain; and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12) and Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Quinlivan R, Lucia A, Scalco RS, Santalla A, Pattni J, Godfrey R, Marti R. Report on the EUROMAC McArdle Exercise Testing Workshop, Madrid, Spain, 11–12 July 2014. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 25:739-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Santalla A, Nogales-Gadea G, Ørtenblad N, Brull A, de Luna N, Pinós T, Lucia A. McArdle disease: a unique study model in sports medicine. Sports Med 2015; 44:1531-44. [PMID: 25028051 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
McArdle disease is arguably the paradigm of exercise intolerance in humans. This disorder is caused by inherited deficiency of myophosphorylase, the enzyme isoform that initiates glycogen breakdown in skeletal muscles. Because patients are unable to obtain energy from their muscle glycogen stores, this disease provides an interesting model of study for exercise physiologists, allowing insight to be gained into the understanding of glycogen-dependent muscle functions. Of special interest in the field of muscle physiology and sports medicine are also some specific (if not unique) characteristics of this disorder, such as the so-called 'second wind' phenomenon, the frequent exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria episodes suffered by patients (with muscle damage also occurring under basal conditions), or the early appearance of fatigue and contractures, among others. In this article we review the main pathophysiological features of this disorder leading to exercise intolerance as well as the currently available therapeutic possibilities. Patients have been traditionally advised by clinicians to refrain from exercise, yet sports medicine and careful exercise prescription are their best allies at present because no effective enzyme replacement therapy is expected to be available in the near future. As of today, although unable to restore myophosphorylase deficiency, the 'simple' use of exercise as therapy seems probably more promising and practical for patients than more 'complex' medical approaches.
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42
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Nogales-Gadea G, Brull A, Santalla A, Andreu AL, Arenas J, Martín MA, Lucia A, de Luna N, Pinós T. McArdle Disease: Update of Reported Mutations and Polymorphisms in the PYGM Gene. Hum Mutat 2015; 36:669-78. [PMID: 25914343 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
McArdle disease is an autosomal-recessive disorder caused by inherited deficiency of the muscle isoform of glycogen phosphorylase (or "myophosphorylase"), which catalyzes the first step of glycogen catabolism, releasing glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen deposits. As a result, muscle metabolism is impaired, leading to different degrees of exercise intolerance. Patients range from asymptomatic to severely affected, including in some cases, limitations in activities of daily living. The PYGM gene codifies myophosphoylase and to date 147 pathogenic mutations and 39 polymorphisms have been reported. Exon 1 and 17 are mutational hot-spots in PYGM and 50% of the described mutations are missense. However, c.148C>T (commonly known as p.R50X) is the most frequent mutation in the majority of the studied populations. No genotype-phenotype correlation has been reported and no mutations have been described in the myophosphorylase domains affecting the phosphorylated Ser-15, the 280's loop, the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, and the nucleoside inhibitor binding sites. A newly generated knock-in mouse model is now available, which renders the main clinical and molecular features of the disease. Well-established methods for diagnosing patients in laboratories around the world will shorten the frequent ∼20-year period stretching from first symptoms appearance to the genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Department of Neurosciences, Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol I Campus Can Ruti, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Astrid Brull
- Departament de Patologia Mitocondrial i Neuromuscular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), , Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni L Andreu
- Departament de Patologia Mitocondrial i Neuromuscular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), , Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Arenas
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mitocondriales y Neuromusculares, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemi de Luna
- Departament de Patologia Mitocondrial i Neuromuscular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), , Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomàs Pinós
- Departament de Patologia Mitocondrial i Neuromuscular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), , Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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43
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Preisler N, Haller RG, Vissing J. Exercise in muscle glycogen storage diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:551-63. [PMID: 25326273 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) are inborn errors of glycogen or glucose metabolism. In the GSDs that affect muscle, the consequence of a block in skeletal muscle glycogen breakdown or glucose use, is an impairment of muscular performance and exercise intolerance, owing to 1) an increase in glycogen storage that disrupts contractile function and/or 2) a reduced substrate turnover below the block, which inhibits skeletal muscle ATP production. Immobility is associated with metabolic alterations in muscle leading to an increased dependence on glycogen use and a reduced capacity for fatty acid oxidation. Such changes may be detrimental for persons with GSD from a metabolic perspective. However, exercise may alter skeletal muscle substrate metabolism in ways that are beneficial for patients with GSD, such as improving exercise tolerance and increasing fatty acid oxidation. In addition, a regular exercise program has the potential to improve general health and fitness and improve quality of life, if executed properly. In this review, we describe skeletal muscle substrate use during exercise in GSDs, and how blocks in metabolic pathways affect exercise tolerance in GSDs. We review the studies that have examined the effect of regular exercise training in different types of GSD. Finally, we consider how oral substrate supplementation can improve exercise tolerance and we discuss the precautions that apply to persons with GSD that engage in exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Preisler
- Neuromuscular Research Unit, Section 3342, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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44
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de Luna N, Brull A, Guiu JM, Lucia A, Martin MA, Arenas J, Martí R, Andreu AL, Pinós T. Sodium valproate increases the brain isoform of glycogen phosphorylase: looking for a compensation mechanism in McArdle disease using a mouse primary skeletal-muscle culture in vitro. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:467-72. [PMID: 25762569 PMCID: PMC4415898 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
McArdle disease, also termed ‘glycogen storage disease type V’, is a disorder of skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism caused by inherited deficiency of the muscle-specific isoform of glycogen phosphorylase (GP-MM). It is an autosomic recessive disorder that is caused by mutations in the PYGM gene and typically presents with exercise intolerance, i.e. episodes of early exertional fatigue frequently accompanied by rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Muscle biopsies from affected individuals contain subsarcolemmal deposits of glycogen. Besides GP-MM, two other GP isoforms have been described: the liver (GP-LL) and brain (GP-BB) isoforms, which are encoded by the PYGL and PYGB genes, respectively; GP-BB is the main GP isoform found in human and rat foetal tissues, including the muscle, although its postnatal expression is dramatically reduced in the vast majority of differentiated tissues with the exception of brain and heart, where it remains as the major isoform. We developed a cell culture model from knock-in McArdle mice that mimics the glycogen accumulation and GP-MM deficiency observed in skeletal muscle from individuals with McArdle disease. We treated mouse primary skeletal muscle cultures in vitro with sodium valproate (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor. After VPA treatment, myotubes expressed GP-BB and a dose-dependent decrease in glycogen accumulation was also observed. Thus, this in vitro model could be useful for high-throughput screening of new drugs to treat this disease. The immortalization of these primary skeletal muscle cultures could provide a never-ending source of cells for this experimental model. Furthermore, VPA could be considered as a gene-expression modulator, allowing compensatory expression of GP-BB and decreased glycogen accumulation in skeletal muscle of individuals with McArdle disease. Summary: Use of this in vitro model showed that sodium valproate (VPA) can reverse the muscle phenotype from a McArdle-like to a normal histological and biochemical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí de Luna
- Mitochondrial Pathology and Neuromuscular Disorders Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Astrid Brull
- Mitochondrial Pathology and Neuromuscular Disorders Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Guiu
- Mitochondrial Pathology and Neuromuscular Disorders Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Universidad Europea, Madrid 28670, Spain Instituto de Investigación 'i+12', Madrid 28041, Spain
| | | | | | - Ramon Martí
- Mitochondrial Pathology and Neuromuscular Disorders Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Antoni L Andreu
- Mitochondrial Pathology and Neuromuscular Disorders Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Tomàs Pinós
- Mitochondrial Pathology and Neuromuscular Disorders Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid 28029, Spain
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45
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Nogales-Gadea G, Santalla A, Brull A, de Luna N, Lucia A, Pinós T. The pathogenomics of McArdle disease--genes, enzymes, models, and therapeutic implications. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:221-30. [PMID: 25053163 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous biomedical advances have been made since Carl and Gerty Cori discovered the enzyme phosphorylase in the 1940s and the Scottish physician Brian McArdle reported in 1951 a previously 'undescribed disorder characterized by a gross failure of the breakdown in muscle of glycogen'. Today we know that this disorder, commonly known as 'McArdle disease', is caused by inherited deficiency of the muscle isoform of glycogen phosphorylase (GP). Here we review the main aspects of the 'pathogenomics' of this disease including, among others: the spectrum of mutations in the gene (PYGM) encoding muscle GP; the interplay between the different tissue GP isoforms in cellular cultures and in patients; what can we learn from naturally occurring and recently laboratory-generated animal models of the disease; and potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Av. Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain,
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Santalla A, Munguía-Izquierdo D, Brea-Alejo L, Pagola-Aldazábal I, Díez-Bermejo J, Fleck SJ, Ara I, Lucia A. Feasibility of resistance training in adult McArdle patients: clinical outcomes and muscle strength and mass benefits. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:334. [PMID: 25566067 PMCID: PMC4263173 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the effects of a 4-month resistance (weight lifting) training program followed by a 2-month detraining period in 7 adult McArdle patients (5 female) on: muscle mass (assessed by DXA), strength, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and clinical severity. Adherence to training was ≥84% in all patients and no major contraindication or side effect was noted during the training or strength assessment sessions. The training program had a significant impact on total and lower extremities’ lean mass (P < 0.05 for the time effect), with mean values increasing with training by +855 g (95% confidence interval (CI): 30, 1679) and +547 g (95%CI: 116, 978), respectively, and significantly decreasing with detraining. Body fat showed no significant changes over the study period. Bench press and half-squat performance, expressed as the highest value of average muscle power (W) or force (N) in the concentric-repetition phase of both tests showed a consistent increase over the 4-month training period, and decreased with detraining. Yet muscle strength and power detraining values were significantly higher than pre-training values, indicating that a training effect was still present after detraining. Importantly, all the participants, with no exception, showed a clear gain in muscle strength after the 4-month training period, e.g., bench press: +52 W (95% CI: 13, 91); half-squat: +173 W (95% CI: 96, 251). No significant time effect (P > 0.05) was noted for baseline or post strength assessment values of serum CK activity, which remained essentially within the range reported in our laboratory for McArdle patients. All the patients changed to a lower severity class with training, such that none of them were in the highest disease severity class (3) after the intervention and, as such, they did not have fixed muscle weakness after training. Clinical improvements were retained, in all but one patient, after detraining, such that after detraining all patients were classed as class 1 for disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Santalla
- Department of Sports Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide Seville, Spain ; Research Institute "i+12", Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lidia Brea-Alejo
- Research Institute "i+12", Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid, Spain ; Faculty of Sports Sciences, European University Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Pagola-Aldazábal
- Research Institute "i+12", Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid, Spain ; Faculty of Sports Sciences, European University Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Díez-Bermejo
- Research Institute "i+12", Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid, Spain ; Faculty of Sports Sciences, European University Madrid, Spain
| | - Steven J Fleck
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Eau Claire, WI, USA
| | - Ignacio Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha Toledo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute "i+12", Hospital 12 de Octubre Madrid, Spain ; School of Doctorate Studies and Research, Laboratory P-102, European University Madrid, Spain
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47
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Kohn TA, Noakes TD, Rae DE, Rubio JC, Santalla A, Nogales-Gadea G, Pinós T, Martín MA, Arenas J, Lucia A. McArdle disease does not affect skeletal muscle fibre type profiles in humans. Biol Open 2014; 3:1224-7. [PMID: 25432515 PMCID: PMC4265760 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20149548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from glycogen storage disease V (McArdle disease) were shown to have higher surface electrical activity in their skeletal muscles when exercising at the same intensity as their healthy counterparts, indicating more muscle fibre recruitment. To explain this phenomenon, this study investigated whether muscle fibre type is shifted towards a predominance in type I fibres as a consequence of the disease. Muscle biopsies from the Biceps brachii (BB) (n = 9) or Vastus lateralis (VL) (n = 8) were collected over a 13-year period from male and female patients diagnosed with McArdle disease, analysed for myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform content using SDS-PAGE, and compared to healthy controls (BB: n = 3; VL: n = 10). All three isoforms were expressed and no difference in isoform expression in VL was found between the McArdle patients and healthy controls (MHC I: 33±19% vs. 43±7%; MHC IIa: 52±9% vs. 40±7%; MHC IIx: 15±18% vs. 17±9%). Similarly, the BB isoform content was also not different between the two groups (MHC I: 33±14% vs. 30±11%; MHC IIa: 46±17% vs. 39±5%; MHC IIx: 21±13% vs. 31±14%). In conclusion, fibre type distribution does not seem to explain the higher surface EMG in McArdle patients. Future studies need to investigate muscle fibre size and contractility of McArdle patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tertius Abraham Kohn
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa
| | - Timothy David Noakes
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa
| | - Dale Elizabeth Rae
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, PO Box 115, Newlands 7725, South Africa
| | - Juan Carlos Rubio
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, i+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Department of Sport Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Gisela Nogales-Gadea
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomas Pinós
- Departament de Patologia Mitocondrial i Neuromuscular, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, i+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Arenas
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, i+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, i+12 Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
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Reproducibility and absolute quantification of muscle glycogen in patients with glycogen storage disease by 13C NMR spectroscopy at 7 Tesla. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108706. [PMID: 25296331 PMCID: PMC4189928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C MRS) offers a noninvasive method to assess glycogen levels in skeletal muscle and to identify excess glycogen accumulation in patients with glycogen storage disease (GSD). Despite the clinical potential of the method, it is currently not widely used for diagnosis or for follow-up of treatment. While it is possible to perform acceptable 13C MRS at lower fields, the low natural abundance of 13C and the inherently low signal-to-noise ratio of 13C MRS makes it desirable to utilize the advantage of increased signal strength offered by ultra-high fields for more accurate measurements. Concomitant with this advantage, however, ultra-high fields present unique technical challenges that need to be addressed when studying glycogen. In particular, the question of measurement reproducibility needs to be answered so as to give investigators insight into meaningful inter-subject glycogen differences. We measured muscle glycogen levels in vivo in the calf muscle in three patients with McArdle disease (MD), one patient with phosphofructokinase deficiency (PFKD) and four healthy controls by performing 13C MRS at 7T. Absolute quantification of the MRS signal was achieved by using a reference phantom with known concentration of metabolites. Muscle glycogen concentration was increased in GSD patients (31.5±2.9 g/kg w. w.) compared with controls (12.4±2.2 g/kg w. w.). In three GSD patients glycogen was also determined biochemically in muscle homogenates from needle biopsies and showed a similar 2.5-fold increase in muscle glycogen concentration in GSD patients compared with controls. Repeated inter-subject glycogen measurements yield a coefficient of variability of 5.18%, while repeated phantom measurements yield a lower 3.2% system variability. We conclude that noninvasive ultra-high field 13C MRS provides a valuable, highly reproducible tool for quantitative assessment of glycogen levels in health and disease.
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McArdle Disease and Exercise Physiology. BIOLOGY 2014; 3:157-66. [PMID: 24833339 PMCID: PMC4009758 DOI: 10.3390/biology3010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
McArdle disease (glycogen storage disease Type V; MD) is a metabolic myopathy caused by a deficiency in muscle glycogen phosphorylase. Since muscle glycogen is an important fuel for muscle during exercise, this inborn error of metabolism provides a model for understanding the role of glycogen in muscle function and the compensatory adaptations that occur in response to impaired glycogenolysis. Patients with MD have exercise intolerance with symptoms including premature fatigue, myalgia, and/or muscle cramps. Despite this, MD patients are able to perform prolonged exercise as a result of the “second wind” phenomenon, owing to the improved delivery of extra-muscular fuels during exercise. The present review will cover what this disease can teach us about exercise physiology, and particularly focuses on the compensatory pathways for energy delivery to muscle in the absence of glycogenolysis.
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Voet NBM, van der Kooi EL, Riphagen II, Lindeman E, van Engelen BGM, Geurts ACH. Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD003907. [PMID: 23835682 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003907.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strength training or aerobic exercise programmes might optimise muscle and cardiorespiratory function and prevent additional disuse atrophy and deconditioning in people with a muscle disease. This is an update of a review first published in 2004. OBJECTIVES To examine the safety and efficacy of strength training and aerobic exercise training in people with a muscle disease. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register (July 2012), CENTRAL (2012 Issue 3 of 4), MEDLINE (January 1946 to July 2012), EMBASE (January 1974 to July 2012), EMBASE Classic (1947 to 1973) and CINAHL (January 1982 to July 2012). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing strength training or aerobic exercise programmes, or both, to no training, and lasting at least six weeks, in people with a well-described diagnosis of a muscle disease.We did not use the reporting of specific outcomes as a study selection criterion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted the data obtained from the full text-articles and from the original investigators. We collected adverse event data from included studies. MAIN RESULTS We included five trials (170 participants). The first trial compared the effect of strength training versus no training in 36 people with myotonic dystrophy. The second trial compared aerobic exercise training versus no training in 14 people with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. The third trial compared strength training versus no training in a factorial trial that also compared albuterol with placebo, in 65 people with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). The fourth trial compared combined strength training and aerobic exercise versus no training in 18 people with mitochondrial myopathy. The fifth trial compared combined strength training and aerobic exercise versus no training in 35 people with myotonic dystrophy type 1.In both myotonic dystrophy trials and the dermatomyositis and polymyositis trial there were no significant differences between training and non-training groups for primary and secondary outcome measures. The risk of bias of the strength training trial in myotonic dystrophy and the aerobic exercise trial in polymyositis and dermatomyositis was judged as uncertain, and for the combined strength training and aerobic exercise trial, the risk of bias was judged as adequate. In the FSHD trial, for which the risk of bias was judged as adequate, a +1.17 kg difference (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18 to 2.16) in dynamic strength of elbow flexors in favour of the training group reached statistical significance. In the mitochondrial myopathy trial, there were no significant differences in dynamic strength measures between training and non-training groups. Exercise duration and distance cycled in a submaximal endurance test increased significantly in the training group compared to the control group. The differences in mean time and mean distance cycled till exhaustion between groups were 23.70 min (95% CI 2.63 to 44.77) and 9.70 km (95% CI 1.51 to 17.89), respectively. The risk of bias was judged as uncertain. In all trials, no adverse events were reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Moderate-intensity strength training in myotonic dystrophy and FSHD and aerobic exercise training in dermatomyositis and polymyositis and myotonic dystrophy type I appear to do no harm, but there is insufficient evidence to conclude that they offer benefit. In mitochondrial myopathy, aerobic exercise combined with strength training appears to be safe and may be effective in increasing submaximal endurance capacity. Limitations in the design of studies in other muscle diseases prevent more general conclusions in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline B M Voet
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen Centre for Evidence Based Practice, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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