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Boo HJ, Min HY, Park CS, Park JS, Jeong JY, Lee SY, Kim WY, Lee JW, Oh SR, Park RW, Lee HY. Dual Impact of IGF2 on Alveolar Stem Cell Function during Tobacco-Induced Injury Repair and Development of Pulmonary Emphysema and Cancer. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1782-1799. [PMID: 36971490 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is a destructive inflammatory disease primarily caused by cigarette smoking (CS). Recovery from CS-induced injury requires proper stem cell (SC) activities with a tightly controlled balance of proliferation and differentiation. Here we show that acute alveolar injury induced by two representative tobacco carcinogens, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and benzo[a]pyrene (N/B), increased IGF2 expression in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells to promote their SC function and facilitate alveolar regeneration. Autocrine IGF2 signaling upregulated Wnt genes, particularly Wnt3, to stimulate AT2 proliferation and alveolar barrier regeneration after N/B-induced acute injury. In contrast, repetitive N/B exposure provoked sustained IGF2-Wnt signaling through DNMT3A-mediated epigenetic control of IGF2 expression, causing a proliferation/differentiation imbalance in AT2s and development of emphysema and cancer. Hypermethylation of the IGF2 promoter and overexpression of DNMT3A, IGF2, and the Wnt target gene AXIN2 were seen in the lungs of patients with CS-associated emphysema and cancer. Pharmacologic or genetic approaches targeting IGF2-Wnt signaling or DNMT prevented the development of N/B-induced pulmonary diseases. These findings support dual roles of AT2 cells, which can either stimulate alveolar repair or promote emphysema and cancer depending on IGF2 expression levels. SIGNIFICANCE IGF2-Wnt signaling plays a key role in AT2-mediated alveolar repair after cigarette smoking-induced injury but also drives pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema and cancer when hyperactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Boo
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Min
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sook Park
- Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rang-Woon Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Concurrent Control of Emphysema and Lung Cancer, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Two-stage 3-methylcholanthrene and butylated hydroxytoluene-induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 163:153-173. [PMID: 33785163 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer and as such requires disease models that are useful for identification of novel pathways for biomarkers as well as to test therapeutic agents. Adenocarcinoma (ADC), the most prevalent type of lung cancer, is a subtype of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and a disease driven mainly by smoking. However, it is also the most common subtype of lung cancer found in non-smokers with environmental exposures. Chemically driven models of lung cancer, also called primary models of lung cancer, are important because they do not overexpress or delete oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, respectively, to increase oncogenesis. Instead these models test tumor development without forcing a specific pathway (i.e., Kras). The primary focus of this chapter is to discuss a well-established 2-stage mouse model of lung adenocarcinomas. The initiator (3-methylcholanthrene, MCA) does not elicit many, if any, tumors if not followed by exposure to the tumor promoter (butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT). In sensitive strains, such as A/J, FVB, and BALB, significantly greater numbers of tumors develop following the MCA/BHT protocol compared to MCA alone. BHT does not elicit tumors on its own; it is a non-genotoxic carcinogen and promoter. In these sensitive strains, promotion is also associated with inflammation characterized by infiltrating macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, and other inflammatory cell types in addition to increases in total protein content reflective of lung hyperpermeability. This 2-stage model is a useful tool to identify unique promotion specific events to then test in future intervention studies.
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Zhou H, Saliba J, Sandusky GE, Sears CR. XPC protects against smoking- and carcinogen-induced lung adenocarcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:403-411. [PMID: 30624620 PMCID: PMC6514449 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) contains hundreds of carcinogens and is a potent inducer of oxidative and bulky DNA damage, which when insufficiently repaired leads to activation of DNA damage response and possibly mutations. The DNA repair protein xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) is primed to play an important role in CS-induced DNA damage because of its function in initiating repair of both bulky oxidative DNA damage. We hypothesized that loss of XPC function will increase susceptibility to developing CS- and carcinogen-induced lung cancer through impaired repair of oxidative DNA damage. Mice deficient in XPC (XPC-/-) exposed to chronic CS developed lung tumors whereas their wild-type littermates (XPC+/+) did not. XPC-/- mice treated with the CS-carcinogen urethane developed lung adenocarcinomas representing progressive stages of tumor development, with lung tumor number increased 17-fold compared with XPC+/+ mice. Mice heterozygous for XPC (XPC+/-) demonstrated a gene-dose effect, developing an intermediate number of lung tumors with urethane treatment. Treatment of XPC-/- mice with the carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene followed by the proliferative agent butylated hydroxytoluene resulted in a 2-fold increase in lung adenocarcinoma development. Finally, tumor number decreased 7-fold in the lungs of XPC-/- mice by concurrent treatment with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. Altogether, this supports a mechanism by which decreased XPC expression promotes lung adenocarcinoma development in response to CS-carcinogen exposure, due in part to impaired oxidative DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jacob Saliba
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - George E Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Catherine R Sears
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine
- The Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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4
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Borrego A, Cabrera WHK, Jensen JR, Correa M, Ribeiro OG, Starobinas N, De Franco M, Pettinicchio A, Dragani TA, Ibañez OCM, Manenti G. Germline control of somatic Kras mutations in mouse lung tumors. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:745-751. [PMID: 29500885 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic KRAS mutations are common in human lung adenocarcinomas and are associated with worse prognosis. In mice, Kras is frequently mutated in both spontaneous and experimentally induced lung tumors, although the pattern of mutation varies among strains, suggesting that such mutations are not random events. We tested if the occurrence of Kras mutations is under genetic control in two mouse intercrosses. Codon 61 mutations were prevalent, but the patterns of nucleotide changes differed between the intercrosses. Whole genome analysis with SNPs in (A/J x C57BL/6)F4 mice revealed a significant linkage between a locus on chromosome 19 and 2 particular codon 61 variants (CTA and CGA). In (AIRmax × AIRmin) F2 mice, there was a significant linkage between SNPs located on distal chromosome 6 (around 135 Mbp) and the frequency of codon 61 mutation. These results reveal the presence of two loci, on chromosomes 6 and 19, that modulate Kras mutation frequency in different mouse intercrosses. These findings indicate that somatic mutation frequency and type are not simple random events, but are under genetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Borrego
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wafa H K Cabrera
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Jensen
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara Correa
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nancy Starobinas
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Angela Pettinicchio
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso A Dragani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Olga C M Ibañez
- Laboratório de Imunogenética, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giacomo Manenti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Winters IP, Chiou SH, Paulk NK, McFarland CD, Lalgudi PV, Ma RK, Lisowski L, Connolly AJ, Petrov DA, Kay MA, Winslow MM. Multiplexed in vivo homology-directed repair and tumor barcoding enables parallel quantification of Kras variant oncogenicity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2053. [PMID: 29233960 PMCID: PMC5727199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale genomic analyses of human cancers have cataloged somatic point mutations thought to initiate tumor development and sustain cancer growth. However, determining the functional significance of specific alterations remains a major bottleneck in our understanding of the genetic determinants of cancer. Here, we present a platform that integrates multiplexed AAV/Cas9-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) with DNA barcoding and high-throughput sequencing to simultaneously investigate multiple genomic alterations in de novo cancers in mice. Using this approach, we introduce a barcoded library of non-synonymous mutations into hotspot codons 12 and 13 of Kras in adult somatic cells to initiate tumors in the lung, pancreas, and muscle. High-throughput sequencing of barcoded Kras HDR alleles from bulk lung and pancreas reveals surprising diversity in Kras variant oncogenicity. Rapid, cost-effective, and quantitative approaches to simultaneously investigate the function of precise genomic alterations in vivo will help uncover novel biological and clinically actionable insights into carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Winters
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shin-Heng Chiou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nicole K Paulk
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Pranav V Lalgudi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rosanna K Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Translational Vectorology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Puławy, 24-100, Poland
| | - Andrew J Connolly
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dmitri A Petrov
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mark A Kay
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Kitajima S, Thummalapalli R, Barbie DA. Inflammation as a driver and vulnerability of KRAS mediated oncogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 58:127-35. [PMID: 27297136 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While important strides have been made in cancer therapy by targeting certain oncogenes, KRAS, the most common among them, remains refractory to this approach. In recent years, a deeper understanding of the critical importance of inflammation in promoting KRAS-driven oncogenesis has emerged, and applies across the different contexts of lung, pancreatic, and colorectal tumorigenesis. Here we review why these tissue types are particularly prone to developing KRAS mutations, and how inflammation conspires with KRAS signaling to fuel carcinogenesis. We discuss multiple lines of evidence that have established NF-κB, STAT3, and certain cytokines as key transducers of these signals, and data to suggest that targeting these pathways has significant clinical potential. Furthermore, recent work has begun to uncover how inflammatory signaling interacts with other KRAS regulated survival pathways such as autophagy and MAPK signaling, and that co-targeting these multiple nodes may be required to achieve real benefit. In addition, the impact of KRAS associated inflammatory signaling on the greater tumor microenvironment has also become apparent, and taking advantage of this inflammation by incorporating approaches that harness T cell anti-tumor responses represents another promising therapeutic strategy. Finally, we highlight the likelihood that the genomic complexity of KRAS mutant tumors will ultimately require tailored application of these therapeutic approaches, and that targeting inflammation early in the course of tumor development could have the greatest impact on eradicating this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kitajima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Rohit Thummalapalli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Quéré G, Descourt R, Robinet G, Autret S, Raguenes O, Fercot B, Alemany P, Uguen A, Férec C, Quintin-Roué I, Le Gac G. Mutational status of synchronous and metachronous tumor samples in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:210. [PMID: 26968843 PMCID: PMC4788951 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Despite reported discordance between the mutational status of primary lung cancers and their metastases, metastatic sites are rarely biopsied and targeted therapy is guided by genetic biomarkers detected in the primary tumor. This situation is mostly explained by the apparent stability of EGFR-activating mutations. Given the dramatic increase in the range of candidate drugs and high rates of drug resistance, rebiopsy or liquid biopsy may become widespread. The purpose of this study was to test genetic biomarkers used in clinical practice (EGFR, ALK) and candidate biomarkers identified by the French National Cancer Institute (KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, HER2) in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer for whom two tumor samples were available. METHODS A retrospective study identified 88 tumor samples collected synchronously or metachronously, from the same or two different sites, in 44 patients. Mutation analysis used SNaPshot (EGFR, KRAS, BRAF missense mutations), pyrosequencing (EGFR and PIK3CA missense mutations), sizing assays (EGFR and HER2 indels) and IHC and/or FISH (ALK rearrangements). RESULTS About half the patients (52%) harbored at least one mutation. Five patients had an activating mutation of EGFR in both the primary tumor and the metastasis. The T790M resistance mutation was detected in metastases in 3 patients with acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. FISH showed discordance in ALK status between a small biopsy sample and the surgical specimen. KRAS mutations were observed in 36% of samples, six patients (14%) having discordant genotypes; all discordances concerned sampling from different sites. Two patients (5%) showed PI3KCA mutations. One metastasis harbored both PI3KCA and KRAS mutations, while the synchronously sampled primary tumor was mutation free. No mutations were detected in BRAF and HER2. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted noteworthy intra-individual discordance in KRAS mutational status, whereas EGFR status was stable. Intratumoral heterogeneity for ALK rearrangement suggests a limitation of single-biopsy analysis for therapeutic strategy with crizotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Quéré
- CHRU de Brest, Institut de Cancérologie et d'Hématologie, Brest, France
| | - Renaud Descourt
- CHRU de Brest, Institut de Cancérologie et d'Hématologie, Brest, France
| | - Gilles Robinet
- CHRU de Brest, Institut de Cancérologie et d'Hématologie, Brest, France
| | - Sandrine Autret
- CHRU de Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Bat 5 bis, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité, 2 Avenue Foch, 29200, Brest, France.,Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers (INCa), Brest, France
| | - Odile Raguenes
- CHRU de Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Bat 5 bis, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité, 2 Avenue Foch, 29200, Brest, France.,Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers (INCa), Brest, France
| | - Brigitte Fercot
- CHRU de Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Bat 5 bis, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité, 2 Avenue Foch, 29200, Brest, France.,Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers (INCa), Brest, France
| | - Pierre Alemany
- Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers (INCa), Brest, France.,CHRU de Brest, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Brest, France
| | - Arnaud Uguen
- Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers (INCa), Brest, France.,Inserm U1078, Université de Brest, SFR SnInBioS, Brest, France.,CHRU de Brest, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Brest, France
| | - Claude Férec
- CHRU de Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Bat 5 bis, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité, 2 Avenue Foch, 29200, Brest, France.,Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers (INCa), Brest, France.,Inserm U1078, Université de Brest, SFR SnInBioS, Brest, France
| | - Isabelle Quintin-Roué
- Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers (INCa), Brest, France.,CHRU de Brest, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Brest, France
| | - Gérald Le Gac
- CHRU de Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Bat 5 bis, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité, 2 Avenue Foch, 29200, Brest, France. .,Plateforme de Génétique Moléculaire des Cancers (INCa), Brest, France. .,Inserm U1078, Université de Brest, SFR SnInBioS, Brest, France.
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8
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Bauer AK, Velmurugan K, Xiong KN, Alexander CM, Xiong J, Brooks R. Epiregulin is required for lung tumor promotion in a murine two-stage carcinogenesis model. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:94-105. [PMID: 26894620 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma accounts for ∼40% of lung cancer, equating to ∼88 500 new patients in 2015, most of who will succumb to this disease, thus, the public health burden is evident. Unfortunately, few early biomarkers as well as effective therapies exist, hence the need for novel targets in lung cancer treatment. We previously identified epiregulin (Ereg), an EGF-like ligand, as a biomarker in several mouse lung cancer models. In the present investigation we used a primary two-stage initiation/promotion model to test our hypothesis that Ereg deficiency would reduce lung tumor promotion in mice. We used 3-methylcholanthrene (initiator) or oil vehicle followed by multiple weekly exposures to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT; promoter) in mice lacking Ereg (Ereg-/- ) and wildtype controls (BALB/ByJ; Ereg+/+ ) and examined multiple time points and endpoints (bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, tumor analysis, mRNA expression, ELISA, wound assay) during tumor promotion. At the early time points (4 and 12 wk), we observed significantly reduced amounts of inflammation (macrophages, PMNs) in the Ereg-/- mice compared to controls (Ereg+/+ ). At 20 wk, tumor multiplicity was also significantly decreased in the Ereg-/- mice versus controls (Ereg+/+ ). IL10 expression, an anti-inflammatory mediator, and downstream signaling events (Stat3) were significantly increased in the Ereg-/- mice in response to BHT, supporting both reduced inflammation and tumorigenesis. Lastly, wound healing was significantly increased with recombinant Ereg in both human and mouse lung epithelial cell lines. These results indicate that Ereg has proliferative potential and may be utilized as an early cancer biomarker as well as a novel potential therapeutic target. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Bauer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kalpana Velmurugan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ka-Na Xiong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carla-Maria Alexander
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie Xiong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rana Brooks
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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9
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Deng T, Lin D, Zhang M, Zhao Q, Li W, Zhong B, Deng Y, Fu X. Differential expression of bone morphogenetic protein 5 in human lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:557-63. [PMID: 25994008 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion. However, the expression patterns of BMPs in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their correlations with NSCLC pathogenesis have not been examined yet. In this study, the mRNA levels of BMP family members in NSCLC tissues were analyzed and results showed that the mRNA levels of BMP5 and BMP7 were significantly down-regulated and up-regulated, respectively, in tumor tissues compared with those in the corresponding noncancerous tissues. Interestingly, the mRNA level of BMP5 was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than that in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues. Furthermore, results from immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed stronger expression of BMP5 protein in lung adenocarcinoma than in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Our findings suggested that BMP5 might be a potential prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoran Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China The Second Clinical Medical Department, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Weina Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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10
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Larrayoz M, Pio R, Pajares MJ, Zudaire I, Ajona D, Casanovas O, Montuenga LM, Agorreta J. Contrasting responses of non-small cell lung cancer to antiangiogenic therapies depend on histological subtype. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:539-50. [PMID: 24500694 PMCID: PMC3992079 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201303214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway is a clinically validated antiangiogenic target for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, some contradictory results have been reported on the biological effects of antiangiogenic drugs. In order to evaluate the efficacy of these drugs in NSCLC histological subtypes, we analyzed the anticancer effect of two anti-VEGFR2 therapies (sunitinib and DC101) in chemically induced mouse models and tumorgrafts of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Antiangiogenic treatments induced vascular trimming in both histological subtypes. In ADC tumors, vascular trimming was accompanied by tumor stabilization. In contrast, in SCC tumors, antiangiogenic therapy was associated with disease progression and induction of tumor proliferation. Moreover, in SCC, anti-VEGFR2 therapies increased the expression of stem cell markers such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1, CD133, and CD15, independently of intratumoral hypoxia. In vitro studies with ADC cell lines revealed that antiangiogenic treatments reduced pAKT and pERK signaling and inhibited proliferation, while in SCC-derived cell lines the same treatments increased pAKT and pERK, and induced survival. In conclusion, this study evaluates for the first time the effect of antiangiogenic drugs in lung SCC murine models in vivo and sheds light on the contradictory results of antiangiogenic therapies in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Larrayoz
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Pio
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - María J Pajares
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Isabel Zudaire
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Ajona
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelona, Spain
| | - Luis M Montuenga
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of NavarraPamplona, Spain
| | - Jackeline Agorreta
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical ResearchPamplona, Spain
- Department of Histology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of NavarraPamplona, Spain
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Fritz JM, Dwyer-Nield LD, Malkinson AM. Stimulation of neoplastic mouse lung cell proliferation by alveolar macrophage-derived, insulin-like growth factor-1 can be blocked by inhibiting MEK and PI3K activation. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:76. [PMID: 21699731 PMCID: PMC3135566 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, lung cancer kills more people than breast, colon and prostate cancer combined. Alterations in macrophage number and function during lung tumorigenesis suggest that these immune effector cells stimulate lung cancer growth. Evidence from cancer models in other tissues suggests that cancer cells actively recruit growth factor-producing macrophages through a reciprocal signaling pathway. While the levels of lung macrophages increase during tumor progression in mouse models of lung cancer, and high pulmonary macrophage content correlates with a poor prognosis in human non-small cell lung cancer, the specific role of alveolar macrophages in lung tumorigenesis is not clear. Methods After culturing either an immortalized lung macrophage cell line or primary murine alveolar macrophages from naïve and lung-tumor bearing mice with primary tumor isolates and immortalized cell lines, the effects on epithelial proliferation and cellular kinase activation were determined. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was quantified by ELISA, and macrophage conditioned media IGF-1 levels manipulated by IL-4 treatment, immuno-depletion and siRNA transfection. Results Primary macrophages from both naïve and lung-tumor bearing mice stimulated epithelial cell proliferation. The lungs of tumor-bearing mice contained 3.5-times more IGF-1 than naïve littermates, and media conditioned by freshly isolated tumor-educated macrophages contained more IGF-1 than media conditioned by naïve macrophages; IL-4 stimulated IGF-1 production by both macrophage subsets. The ability of macrophage conditioned media to stimulate neoplastic proliferation correlated with media IGF-1 levels, and recombinant IGF-1 alone was sufficient to induce epithelial proliferation in all cell lines evaluated. Macrophage-conditioned media and IGF-1 stimulated lung tumor cell growth in an additive manner, while EGF had no effect. Macrophage-derived factors increased p-Erk1/2, p-Akt and cyclin D1 levels in neoplastic cells, and the combined inhibition of both MEK and PI3K ablated macrophage-mediated increases in epithelial growth. Conclusions Macrophages produce IGF-1 which directly stimulates neoplastic proliferation through Erk and Akt activation. This observation suggests that combining macrophage ablation therapy with IGF-1R, MEK and/or PI3K inhibition could improve therapeutic response in human lung cancer. Exploring macrophage-based intervention could be a fruitful avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skagg School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12850 E, Montview Blvd, C-238 V20-4460, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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