1
|
Saad EE, Michel R, Borahay MA. Cholesterol and Immune Microenvironment: Path Towards Tumorigenesis. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:557-565. [PMID: 38696074 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00542-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since obesity is a major risk factor for many different types of cancer, examining one of the most closely associated comorbidities, such as hypercholesterolemia, is crucial to understanding how obesity causes cancer. Hypercholesterolemia is usually associated with many cardiovascular complications such as hypertension, angina, and atherosclerosis. In addition, cholesterol may be a major factor in increasing cancer risk. Cancer patients who received statins, an anti-hypercholesteremic medicine, demonstrated improved prognosis possibly through its effect on tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Cholesterol could also aid in tumor progression through reprogramming tumor immunological architecture and mediators. This review focuses on the immunomodulatory role of cholesterol on cellular and molecular levels, which may explain its oncogenic driving activity. We look at how cholesterol modulates tumor immune cells like dendritic cells, T cells, Tregs, and neutrophils. Further, this study sheds light on the modification of the expression pattern of the common cancer-related immune mediators in the tumor immune microenvironment, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin 12 (IL-12), IL-23, and forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3). RECENT FINDINGS We highlight relevant literature demonstrating cholesterol's immunosuppressive role, leading to a worse cancer prognosis. This review invites further research regarding the pathobiological role of cholesterol in many obesity-related cancers such as uterine fibroids, post-menopausal breast, colorectal, endometrial, kidney, esophageal, pancreatic, liver, and gallbladder cancers. This review suggests that targeting cholesterol synthesis may be a fruitful approach to cancer targeting, in addition to traditional chemotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eslam E Saad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rachel Michel
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mostafa A Borahay
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aftabi S, Barzegar Behrooz A, Cordani M, Rahiman N, Sadeghdoust M, Aligolighasemabadi F, Pistorius S, Alavizadeh SH, Taefehshokr N, Ghavami S. Therapeutic targeting of TGF-β in lung cancer. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 39083441 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a complex role in lung cancer pathophysiology, initially acting as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting early-stage tumor growth. However, its role evolves in the advanced stages of the disease, where it contributes to tumor progression not by directly promoting cell proliferation but by enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and creating a conducive tumor microenvironment. While EMT is typically associated with enhanced migratory and invasive capabilities rather than proliferation per se, TGF-β's influence on this process facilitates the complex dynamics of tumor metastasis. Additionally, TGF-β impacts the tumor microenvironment by interacting with immune cells, a process influenced by genetic and epigenetic changes within tumor cells. This interaction highlights its role in immune evasion and chemoresistance, further complicating lung cancer therapy. This review provides a critical overview of recent findings on TGF-β's involvement in lung cancer, its contribution to chemoresistance, and its modulation of the immune response. Despite the considerable challenges encountered in clinical trials and the development of new treatments targeting the TGF-β pathway, this review highlights the necessity for continued, in-depth investigation into the roles of TGF-β. A deeper comprehension of these roles may lead to novel, targeted therapies for lung cancer. Despite the intricate behavior of TGF-β signaling in tumors and previous challenges, further research could yield innovative treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Aftabi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Farnaz Aligolighasemabadi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Stephen Pistorius
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Nima Taefehshokr
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Faculty Academy of Silesia, Faculty of Medicine, Katowice, Poland
- Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu P, Liu Z, Zheng L, Zhou Z, Wang W, Lu C. Comprehensive multimodal and multiomic profiling reveals epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming in lung tumors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597667. [PMID: 38895479 PMCID: PMC11185586 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Epigenomic mechanisms are critically involved in mediation of genetic and environmental factors that underlie cancer development. Histone modifications represent highly informative epigenomic marks that reveal activation and repression of gene activities and dysregulation of transcriptional control due to tumorigenesis. Here, we present a comprehensive epigenomic and transcriptomic mapping of 18 tumor and 20 non-neoplastic tissues from non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our profiling covers 5 histone marks including activating (H3K4me3, H3K4me1, and H3K27ac) and repressive (H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) marks and the transcriptome using only 20 mg of tissue per sample, enabled by low-input omic technologies. Using advanced integrative bioinformatic analysis, we uncovered cancer-driving signaling cascade networks, changes in 3D genome modularity, and differential expression and functionalities of transcription factors and noncoding RNAs. Many of these identified genes and regulatory molecules showed no significant change in their expression or a single epigenomic modality, emphasizing the power of integrative multimodal and multiomic analysis using patient samples.
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang Z, Xiao Z, Yu L, Liu J, Yang Y, Ouyang W. Tumor-associated macrophages in non-small-cell lung cancer: From treatment resistance mechanisms to therapeutic targets. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104284. [PMID: 38311012 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Different treatment approaches are typically employed based on the stage of NSCLC. Common clinical treatment methods include surgical resection, drug therapy, and radiation therapy. However, with the introduction and utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer treatment has entered a new era, completely revolutionizing the treatment landscape for various cancers and significantly improving overall patient survival. Concurrently, treatment resistance often poses a critical challenge, with many patients experiencing disease progression following an initial response due to treatment resistance. Increasing evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in treatment resistance. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) within the TME can promote treatment resistance in NSCLC by secreting various cytokines activating signaling pathways, and interacting with other immune cells. Therefore, this article will focus on elucidating the key mechanisms of TAMs in treatment resistance and analyze how targeting TAMs can reduce the levels of treatment resistance in NSCLC, providing a comprehensive understanding of the principles and approaches to overcome treatment resistance in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Huang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ziqi Xiao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liqing Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Wenhao Ouyang
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu MK, Lee MH, Chao CH, Hsu YC. Sodium sulfate addition increases the bioresource of biologically active sulfated polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128699. [PMID: 38092106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Fungal sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) have been used in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, sodium sulfate was employed as an elicitor to induce stress on the mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea for the biosynthesis of SPS with high sulfate content. Sodium sulfate treatments increased the yield of SPS to 4.46 % and increased the sulfate content to 6.8 mmol/g of SPS. SPS were extracted from A. cinnamomea cultured with 500 mM sodium sulfate; these SPSs are denoted as Na500. Na500 exhibited the highest sulfate content and dose-dependent inhibitory activity against LPS-induced production of macrophage interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Mechanistically, Na500 hindered the phosphorylation of transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGFRII), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT) expression. A purified 7.79 kDa galactoglucan, Na500 F3, augmented the anti-inflammation activity by inhibiting LPS-induced TGFβ release. Additionally, Na500 F3 restrained the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p-38, ERK, AKT, and TGFRII in RAW264.7 cells. Na500 F3 impeded the proliferation of lung cancer H1975 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, ERK, and Slug. The anti-inflammation and anticancer properties of Antrodia SPS contribute to its health benefits, suggesting its utility in functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan Y, Li Y, Wu X, Bo J, Zhang L, Zhang J, Hu Y, Chen Y, Zeng Y, Wei X, Zhang H. POH1 induces Smad3 deubiquitination and promotes lung cancer metastasis. Cancer Lett 2024; 582:216526. [PMID: 38061486 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Smad3 is the key mediator of TGF-β1-triggered signal transduction and the related biological responses, promoting cell invasion and metastasis in various cancers, including lung cancer. However, the deubiquitinase stabilizing Smad3 remains unknown. In this study, we present a paradigm in which POH1 is identified as a novel deubiquitinase of Smad3 that plays a tumor-promoting role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) by regulating Smad3 stability. POH1 markedly increased Smad3 protein levels and prolonged its half-life. POH1 directly interacted and colocalized with Smad3, leading to the removal of poly-deubiquitination of Smad3. Functionally, POH1 facilitated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by stabilizing Smad3. Importantly, POH1 also promoted liver metastasis of lung cancer cells. The protein levels of both POH1 and Smad3 were raised in the tumor tissues of patients with LUAD, which predicts poor prognosis. Collectively, we demonstrate that POH1 acts as an oncoprotein by enhancing TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling and TGF-β1-mediated metastasis of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yixiao Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jinsuo Bo
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ye Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yining Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiyan Zeng
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaofan Wei
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Program for Cancer and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University International Cancer Institute, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dwivedi K, Rajpal A, Rajpal S, Kumar V, Agarwal M, Kumar N. Enlightening the path to NSCLC biomarkers: Utilizing the power of XAI-guided deep learning. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 243:107864. [PMID: 37866126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The early diagnosis of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is of prime importance to improve the patient's survivability and quality of life. Being a heterogeneous disease at the molecular and cellular level, the biomarkers responsible for the heterogeneity aid in distinguishing NSCLC into its prominent subtypes-adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, if identified, these biomarkers could pave the path to targeted therapy. Through this work, a novel explainable AI (XAI)-guided deep learning framework is proposed that assists in discovering a set of significant NSCLC-relevant biomarkers using methylation data. METHODS The proposed framework is divided into two blocks- the first block combines an autoencoder and a neural network to classify NSCLC instances. The second block utilizes various eXplainable AI (XAI) methods, namely IntegratedGradients, GradientSHAP, and DeepLIFT, to discover a set of seven significant biomarkers. RESULTS The classification performance of the biomarkers discovered using the proposed framework is evaluated by employing multiple machine learning algorithms, among which the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) algorithm-based model outperforms others, yielding a 10-fold cross-validation accuracy of 91.53%. An improved accuracy of 96.37% is achieved by integrating RNA-Seq, CNV, and methylation data. On performing statistical analysis using the Friedman and Nemenyi tests, the MLP model is found to be significantly better than other machine learning-based models. Further, the clinical efficacy of the resultant biomarkers is established based on their potential druggability, the likelihood of predicting NSCLC patients' survival, gene-disease association, and biological pathways targeted by them. While the biomarkers C18orf18, CCNT2, THOP1, and TNPO2, are found potentially druggable, the biomarkers CCDC15, SNORA9, THOP1, and TNPO2 are found prognostically relevant. On further analysis, some of the discovered biomarkers are found to be associated with around 104 diseases. Moreover, five KEGG, ten Reactome, and three Wiki pathways are found to be triggered by the biomarkers discovered. CONCLUSION In summary, the proposed framework uncovers a set of clinically effective biomarkers that accurately classify NSCLC. As a future course of work, efforts would be made to combine a variety of omics data with histopathological data to unveil more precise biomarkers for devising personalized therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kountay Dwivedi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Ankit Rajpal
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Sheetal Rajpal
- Department of Computer Science, Dyal Singh College, Delhi, India.
| | - Virendra Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Manoj Agarwal
- Department of Computer Science, Hans Raj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Zhao W, Ning X, Wang C, Liang S. Effect of X-ray irradiation combined with PD-1 inhibitor treatment on lung tissue injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110775. [PMID: 37562291 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of X-ray irradiation combined with PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor administration on lung tissue injury in a mouse model and its potential mechanism. METHODS In all, 20 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups with five mice in each group: control group, PD-1 inhibitor group, irradiation group, and irradiation combined with PD-1 inhibitor group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the lung tissue was performed 30 days after the end of irradiation to evaluate the morphological and pathological changes in the tissue. Masson staining and analysis of hydroxyproline were used to evaluate the degree of pulmonary fibrosis. The levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) were evaluated by Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the lung tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad3, cGAS, and STING in the lung tissue were evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS The lung injury scores and pulmonary fibrosis indices in the irradiation group were higher than those in the control group. Meanwhile, lung pneumonia score, pulmonary fibrosis index, percentage of CD4 cells and expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad3, and STING in the lung tissue of mice in irradiation combined with PD-1 inhibitor group were higher than those in the other three groups. CONCLUSION Lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis were induced by whole chest X-ray irradiation in mice, and PD-1 inhibitor could aggravate lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Thus, radiotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitors may affect the immune inflammatory microenvironment in the lung tissues of mice by activating TGF-β1/Samd3 and cGAS/STING signaling pathways, thus aggravating lung tissue damage induced by radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leili Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Department of Oncology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xin Ning
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Cailan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shixiong Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang T, Xia W, Song X, Mao Q, Huang X, Chen B, Liang Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Yu X, Zhang Z, Yang W, Xu L, Dong G, Jiang F. Super-enhancer hijacking LINC01977 promotes malignancy of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma addicted to the canonical TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:114. [PMID: 35982471 PMCID: PMC9389757 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. However, the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) hijacked by super-enhancers (SEs), vital regulatory elements of the epigenome, remain elusive in the progression of LUAD metastasis. METHODS SE-associated lncRNA microarrays were used to identify the dysregulated lncRNAs in LUAD. ChIP-seq, Hi-C data analysis, and luciferase reporter assays were utilized to confirm the hijacking of LINC01977 by SE. The functions and mechanisms of LINC01977 in LUAD were explored by a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. RESULTS We found that LINC01977, a cancer-testis lncRNA, was hijacked by SE, which promoted proliferation and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. LINC01977 interacted with SMAD3 to induce its nuclear transport, which facilitated the interaction between SMAD3 and CBP/P300, thereby regulating the downstream target gene ZEB1. Additionally, SMAD3 up-regulated LINC09177 transcription by simultaneously binding the promoter and SE, which was induced by the infiltration of M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM2), subsequently activating the TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway. Moreover, LINC01977 expression was positively correlated with TAM2 infiltration and SMAD3 expression, especially in early-stage LUAD. Higher chromatin accessibility in the SE region of LINC01977 was observed with high expression of TGF-β. Early-stage LUAD patients with high LIN01977 expression had a shorter disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS TAM2 infiltration induced a rich TGF-β microenvironment, activating SMAD3 to bind the promoter and the SE of LINC01977, which up-regulated LINC01977 expression. LINC01977 also promoted malignancy via the canonical TGF-β/SMAD3 pathway. LINC01977 hijacked by SE could be a valuable therapeutic target, especially for the treatment of early-stage LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xuming Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qixing Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yingkuan Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuzhong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinnian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenmin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Gaochao Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, 42 Baiziting Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Metformin modulate immune fitness in hepatocellular carcinoma: Molecular and cellular approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
11
|
Essa ML, Elashkar AA, Hanafy NAN, Saied EM, El-Kemary M. Dual targeting nanoparticles based on hyaluronic and folic acids as a promising delivery system of the encapsulated 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) against invasiveness of lung cancer in vivo and in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:467-480. [PMID: 35202638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Thereby, new treatment strategies as targeting nano-therapy present promising possibilities to control the aggressiveness of lung cancer. Dual CD44 and folate receptors targetable nanocapsule based on folic-polyethylene glycol-hyaluronic (FA-PEG-HA) were fabricated to improve the therapeutic activity of 4-Methylumbelliferone (4-MU) toward lung cancer. In this study, we fabricate 4-MU Nps as a hybrid polymeric (protamine) protein (albumin) nanocapsule, then functionalized by targeting layer to form 4-MU@FA-PEG-HA Nps with encapsulation efficacy 96.15%. The in vitro study of free 4-MU, 4-MU Nps and 4-MU@FA-PEG-HA Nps on A549 lung cancer cells reveal that the 4-MU Nps and 4-MU@FA-PEG-HA Nps were more cytotoxic than free 4-MU on A549 cells. The observed therapeutic activity of 4-MU@FA-PEG-HA Nps on urethane-induced lung cancer model, potentiality revealed a tumor growth inhibition via apoptotic mechanisms and angiogenesis inhibition. The results were supported by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) of transforming growth factors (TGFβ1) and serum HA, histopathological analysis as well as immunohistochemical Ki67, CD44, Bcl-2 and caspace-3 staining. Moreover, 4-MU@FA-PEG-HA Nps exhibited a promising safety profile. Hence, it is expected that our developed novel nano-system can be used for potential application on tumor therapy for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Labib Essa
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | - Aya A Elashkar
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | - Nemany A N Hanafy
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | - Eman M Saied
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | - Maged El-Kemary
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516 Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Han G, Wang Y, Liu T, Gao J, Duan F, Chen M, Yang Y, Wu C. Salvianolic acid B acts against non‑small cell lung cancer A549 cells via inactivation of the MAPK and Smad2/3 signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:184. [PMID: 35348194 PMCID: PMC8985201 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is a potential cytotoxic polyphenol against cancer. In the present study the effect of Sal B and its molecular mechanism were investigated in the non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cell line. The TGF‑β/MAPK/Smad signaling axis was explored. A549 cells were co‑cultured with and without different concentrations of Sal B (25, 50 and 100 µM respectively) and TGF‑β1 (9 pM) for 24 h. Cell epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration, cell cycle distribution, autophagy and apoptosis were assessed by western blotting (WB), wound healing assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Moreover, activation of MAPK, Smad2/3 and the downstream target, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‑1), were assessed by WB. The results demonstrated that Sal B inhibited TGF‑β1‑induced EMT and migration of A549 cells, hampered cell cycle progression and induced cell autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, Sal B inactivated MAPK signaling pathways and the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, especially the phosphorylation of Smad3 at the linker region, which resulted in decreased protein expression levels of PAI‑1 in TGF‑β1‑stimulated A549 cells. Overall, these results demonstrated that Sal B may have a potential therapeutic effect against NSCLC in vitro. The results of the present study indicated that the underlying active mechanism of Sal B in NSCLC may be closely related to the impeded activation of the MAPK and Smad2/3 signaling pathways. Therefore, Sal B may be a potential candidate NSCLC therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Han
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Jiarong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Fengyi Duan
- Department of Spleen and Stomach, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti‑inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Chinese Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti‑inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Chinese Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun Z, Su Z, Zhou Z, Wang S, Wang Z, Tong X, Li C, Wang Y, Chen X, Lei Z, Zhang HT. RNA demethylase ALKBH5 inhibits TGF-β-induced EMT by regulating TGF-β/SMAD signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22283. [PMID: 35344216 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200005rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) has been revealed as a key RNA N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) demethylase that is implicated in development and diseases. However, the function of ALKBH5 in TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unknown. Here, we firstly show that ALKBH5 expression is significantly reduced in metastatic NSCLC. ALKBH5 overexpression inhibits TGF-β-induced EMT and invasion of NSCLC cells, whereas ALKBH5 knockdown promotes the corresponding phenotypes. ALKBH5 overexpression suppresses TGF-β-stimulated NSCLC cell metastasis in vivo. ALKBH5 overexpression decreases the expression and mRNA stability of TGFβR2 and SMAD3 but increases those of SMAD6, while ALKBH5 knockdown causes the opposite results. Importantly, ALKBH5 overexpression or knockdown leads respectively to an attenuated or augmented phosphorylation of SMAD3, an indispensable downstream effector that activates TGF-β/SMAD signaling. Moreover, m6 A-binding proteins YTHDF1/3 promotes TGFβR2 and SMAD3 expression, and YTHDF2 inhibits SMAD6 expression. YTHDF1/2/3 facilitates TGF-β-stimulated EMT and invasion of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 affects TGFβR2, SMAD3 and SMAD6 expression and mRNA stability by erasing m6 A modification in NSCLC cells. ALKBH5 weakens YTHDF1/3-mediated TGFβR2 and SMAD3 mRNA stabilization, and abolishes YTHDF2-mediated SMAD6 mRNA degradation, supporting the notion that ALKBH5 inhibits TGF-β-induced EMT and invasion of NSCLC cells via YTHD1/2/3-mediated mechanism. Taken together, our findings highlight an important role of ALKBH5 in regulating TGF-β/SMAD signaling, and establish a mechanistic interaction of ALKBH5 with TGFβR2/SMAD3/SMAD6 for controlling TGF-β-induced EMT in NSCLCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Sun
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiyue Su
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Tong
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhe Lei
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Genetics, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu L, Li D, Qin L, Wang Q, Saito Y, Sara R, Fan J. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor deficiency promotes lung cancer growth by affecting the Th17/Treg balance. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 9:1696. [PMID: 34988205 PMCID: PMC8667136 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) T cells plays a prominent role in eliminating cancer cells. The balance between T helper (Th)17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells is crucial for optimal immune response and protection against cancer. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a), a member of the G protein-coupled protein receptor superfamily, plays a critical role in immune cell function. The aim of our study is to investigate the role of GHSR1a in CD4+ T cell differentiation and lung cancer progression. Methods A subcutaneous lung cancer model was used to examine the role of GHSR1a in controlling tumor growth. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells were subcutaneously implanted into Ghsr1a−/− mice and wild-type (WT) mice. The ratio of Th17 and Treg in the draining lymph node of Ghsr1a−/− mice and WT tumor-bearing mice was detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The effect of GHSR1a deficiency on Th17 and Treg cell differentiation was examined using an in vitro differentiation assay. The phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer, and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and STAT5 signaling was detected with Western blot. Results We found that the ablation of GHSR1a resulted in impaired anti-tumor immunity to control lung cancer growth in vivo. We also demonstrated that the deficiency of GHSR1a promoted a shift in the Th17/Treg balance toward enhanced Treg differentiation and inhibited Th17 differentiation both in vivo and in vitro, which suggests that GHSR1a regulates T cell lineage choices between Th17 and Treg cell commitment in the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, the deficiency of GHSR1a resulted in reduced phosphorylation in mTOR and STAT3, and increased phosphorylation in STAT5. Conclusions Our findings showed the important role of GHSR1a in CD4+ T cell differentiation in the context of the lung cancer microenvironment. This research provides a novel molecular target and insights into interventions for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linlin Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingliang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuichi Saito
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ricciardi Sara
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS University Hospital of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jiang Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sharma A, Khan H, Singh TG, Grewal AK, Najda A, Kawecka-Radomska M, Kamel M, Altyar AE, Abdel-Daim MM. Pharmacological Modulation of Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathways in Oncogenic Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111971. [PMID: 34769401 PMCID: PMC8584958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is involved in regulating several biological functions, including cell cycle control, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and apoptosis. It is widely known for its role in degrading abnormal protein substrates and maintaining physiological body functions via ubiquitinating enzymes (E1, E2, E3) and the proteasome. Therefore, aberrant expression in these enzymes results in an altered biological process, including transduction signaling for cell death and survival, resulting in cancer. In this review, an overview of profuse enzymes involved as a pro-oncogenic or progressive growth factor in tumors with their downstream signaling pathways has been discussed. A systematic literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature of the extensive work done on modulation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathways in oncogenic signaling. Various in vitro, in vivo studies demonstrating the involvement of ubiquitin-proteasome systems in varied types of cancers and the downstream signaling pathways involved are also discussed in the current review. Several inhibitors of E1, E2, E3, deubiquitinase enzymes and proteasome have been applied for treating cancer. Some of these drugs have exhibited successful outcomes in in vivo studies on different cancer types, so clinical trials are going on for these inhibitors. This review mainly focuses on certain ubiquitin-proteasome enzymes involved in developing cancers and certain enzymes that can be targeted to treat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-9815951171 (T.G.S.); +966-580192142 (M.M.A.-D.)
| | - Amarjot Kaur Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India; (A.S.); (H.K.); (A.K.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.K.-R.)
| | - Małgorzata Kawecka-Radomska
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland; (A.N.); (M.K.-R.)
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: or (T.G.S.); (M.M.A.-D.); Tel.: +91-9815951171 (T.G.S.); +966-580192142 (M.M.A.-D.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abd El-Fattah EE, Abdelhamid AM. Benzo[a]pyrene immunogenetics and immune archetype reprogramming of lung. Toxicology 2021; 463:152994. [PMID: 34678320 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure to carcinogenic precursor, benzo[a]pyrene [BaP], modulates the lung immune microenvironment. The present review seeks to elucidate novel pathways behind the tumor effect of BaP in the lungs, emphasizing immunomodulatory mediators and immune cells. In this review, BaP reprograms lung immune microenvironment through modulating transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), Interleukin 12 (IL-12), indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels. Moreover, BaP modulated lung immune cellular architecture such as dendritic cells, T cells, Tregs, macrophages, neutrophils, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). All mentioned changes in immune architecture and mediators lead to the induction of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eslam E Abd El-Fattah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt.
| | - Amir Mohamed Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang Y, Xiang J, Zhu N, Ge H, Sheng X, Deng S, Chen J, Yu L, Zhou Y, Shen J. Curcumin in combination with homoharringtonine suppresses lymphoma cell growth by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18757-18768. [PMID: 34324434 PMCID: PMC8351727 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Both homoharringtonine (HHT) and curcumin exhibit anti-proliferative effects on lymphoma cells, but the effects of combined HHT and curcumin treatment remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of HHT/curcumin combination on the proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion in lymphoma cells. CCK-8, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were used to assess proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion of U937 and Raji cells. p-Smad3, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin expression were also measured in Raji cells using Western blot assays. Combination of HHT and curcumin synergistically inhibited U937 and Raji cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, the combination treatment markedly increased apoptosis of Raji cells as evidenced by increased Bax, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 9 expression. Meanwhile, the combination treatment promoted anti-tumor mechanisms in Raji cells as indicated by decreases in p-Smad3 and N-cadherin and increases in E-cadherin. In vivo experiments showed that the combination treatment suppressed tumor growth in a mouse Raji xenograft model. Our findings indicate that combination of HHT and curcumin inhibited lymphoma cell growth by downregulating the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway. These results suggest that HHT combined with curcumin might be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Jingjing Xiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Ni Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Hangping Ge
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Xianfu Sheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Shu Deng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Junfa Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| | - Lihong Yu
- The First Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- The First Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Jianping Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mielgo-Rubio X, Uribelarrea EA, Cortés LQ, Moyano MS. Immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: Update and new insights. J Clin Transl Res 2021; 7:1-21. [PMID: 34104805 PMCID: PMC8177026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has changed markedly in recent years as a result of two major treatment milestones: Targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Since 2015, immunotherapy has been changing the paradigm of NSCLC treatment in different settings and has contributed to improve the quality of life of these patients. The most widely used immunotherapy strategy in clinical practice is currently PD-1 and CTLA-4 immune checkpoint inhibition-based immunotherapy. Initial successful results came from an improvement in overall survival for pretreated patients, and immunotherapy subsequently moved to a first-line palliative setting as monotherapy, in combination with chemotherapy or as double-checkpoint inhibition. With regard to earlier stages, consolidation immunotherapy after chemoradiation has also changed the paradigm of unresectable NSCLC, with marked benefits in terms of disease-free and overall survival. During the last few years, efforts have focused on the introduction of immunotherapy in earlier stages as neoadjuvant treatment for potentially resectable tumors and in an adjuvant setting, with some very promising results. AIM In this manuscript, we provide both an agile and thorough review of the role of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer, a critical analysis of the most important studies, current indications, the role of biomarkers, new insights, and future challenges. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer patients reaching better survival outcomes in first and second palliative setting and in unresectable stage III tumors. Next year's immunotherapy will also introduce in earlier stages. Through an extensive knowledge of the mechanisms of action and of immunotherapy-based studies, the best treatment alternative can be offered to patients, helping to improve their survival and cure rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Mielgo-Rubio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - María Sereno Moyano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Woo J, Koziol-White C, Panettieri R, Jude J. TGF-β: The missing link in obesity-associated airway diseases? CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100016. [PMID: 34909651 PMCID: PMC8663968 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is emerging as a global public health epidemic. The co-morbidities associated with obesity significantly contribute to reduced quality of life, mortality, and global healthcare burden. Compared to other asthma comorbidities, obesity prominently engenders susceptibility to inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), contributes to greater disease severity and evokes insensitivity to current therapies. Unlike in other metabolic diseases associated with obesity, the mechanistic link between obesity and airway diseases is only poorly defined. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine belonging to a family of growth factors with pivotal roles in asthma. In this review, we summarize the role of TGF-β in major obesity-associated co-morbidities to shed light on mechanisms of the diseases. Literature evidence shows that TGF-β mechanistically links many co-morbidities with obesity through its profibrotic, remodeling, and proinflammatory functions. We posit that TGF-β plays a similar mechanistic role in obesity-associated inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and COPD. Concerning the role of TGF-β on metabolic effects of obesity, we posit that TGF-β has a similar mechanistic role in obesity-associated inflammatory airway diseases in interplay with different comorbidities such as hypertension, metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes, and cardiomyopathies. Future studies in TGF-β-dependent mechanisms in obesity-associated inflammatory airway diseases will advance our understanding of obesity-induced asthma and help find novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Woo
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States
| | - Cynthia Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States
| | - Reynold Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States
| | - Joseph Jude
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Corresponding author. Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, Rm# 4276, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ08901, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lou Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, Lu J, Chu T, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhong H, Zhang W, Han B. Chemotherapy Plus EGFR-TKI as First-Line Treatment Provides Better Survival for Advanced EGFR-Positive Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients: Updated Data and Exploratory In Vitro Study. Target Oncol 2020; 15:175-184. [PMID: 32170554 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-020-00708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we demonstrated that treatment with gefitinib combined with pemetrexed plus carboplatin chemotherapy improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared to gefitinib or chemotherapy alone in lung adenocarcinoma patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we updated the long-term overall survival (OS) of the combination therapy and the gefitinib groups. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms underlying the effects of combination therapy were investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Lung adenocarcinoma patients harboring sensitizing EGFR mutations received either gefitinib plus chemotherapy (n = 40) or gefitinib alone (n = 41), and long-term survival was assessed. The pharmacological interaction between gefitinib and pemetrexed was evaluated in the PC-9 lung adenocarcinoma cell line using a colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity (MTT assay). The influence of combined treatment with gefitinib plus pemetrexed on gene expression profiles and signaling pathways was investigated using microarrays and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). RESULTS On the last day of follow-up (28 September 2018), 30 (75.0%) patients in the combination group and 35 (85.4%) patients in the gefitinib group had died. The 2-year and 3-year survival rates of the combination versus gefitinib were 85.0% versus 56.1% (P = 0.004) and 52.5% versus 24.4% (P = 0.009), respectively. The median OS was 37.9 months (95% CI: 17.3-58.6) for the combination group and 25.8 months (95% CI: 19.2-32.3) for the gefitinib group (HR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.34-0.91, P = 0.02). A synergistic inhibitory effect between gefitinib and pemetrexed was observed in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line PC-9. Furthermore, widespread gene expression changes and critical signaling pathways such as AKT signaling were identified, which might be responsible for the synergism seen with the combination treatment. CONCLUSIONS Combined treatment with gefitinib plus pemetrexed resulted in improved OS over gefitinib alone. A synergistic inhibitory effect between gefitinib and pemetrexed was observed on lung adenocarcinoma cell growth. Gene expression profile analysis revealed potential signaling pathways, including AKT signaling, contributing to the synergism. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02148380.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jianlin Xu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tianqing Chu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang H, Zhan Y, Zhang Y, Yuan G, Yang G. Dual roles of TGF-β signaling in the regulation of dental epithelial cell proliferation. J Mol Histol 2020; 52:77-86. [PMID: 33206256 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms and biological function of TGF-β-activated Smad1/5 in dental epithelium. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of TGF-β signaling-related gene in mice molar germ. Primary dental epithelial cells were cultured and treated with TGF-β1 at a concentration of 0.5 or 5 ng/mL. Small molecular inhibitors, SB431542 and ML347, was used to inhibite ALK5 and ALK1/2, respectively. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down Smad1/5 or Smad2/3. The proliferation rate of cells was evaluated by EdU assay. In the basal layer of dental epithelial bud TGF-β1 and p-Smad1/5 were highly expressed, and in the interior of the epithelial bud TGF-β1 was lowly expressed, whereas p-Smad2/3 was highly expressed. In primary cultured dental epithelial cells, low concentration of TGF-β1 activated Smad2/3 but not Smad1/5, while high concentration of TGF-β1 was able to activate both Smad2/3 and Smad1/5. SB431542 but not ML347 was able to block the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 by TGF-β1. Either SB431542 or ML347 was able to block the phosphorylation of Smad1/5 by TGF-β1. EdU staining showed that high concentration of TGF-β1 promoted dental epithelial cell proliferation, which was reversed by silencing Smad1/5, whereas low concentration of TGF-β1 inhibited cell proliferation, which was reversed by silencing Smad2/3. In conclusions, TGF-β exhibits dual roles in the regulation of dental epithelial cell proliferation through two pathways. On the one hand, TGF-β activates canonical Smad2/3 signaling through ALK5, inhibiting the proliferation of internal dental epithelial cells. On the other hand, TGF-β activates noncanonical Smad1/5 signaling through ALK1/2-ALK5, promoting the proliferation of basal cells in the dental epithelial bud.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road #237, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yunyan Zhan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road #237, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road #237, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Guohua Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road #237, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Guobin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road #237, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Batista-Duharte A, Sendra L, Herrero MJ, Téllez-Martínez D, Carlos IZ, Aliño SF. Progress in the Use of Antisense Oligonucleotides for Vaccine Improvement. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E316. [PMID: 32079263 PMCID: PMC7072586 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
: Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are synthetically prepared short single-stranded deoxynucleotide sequences that have been validated as therapeutic agents and as a valuable tool in molecular driving biology. ASOs can block the expression of specific target genes via complementary hybridization to mRNA. Due to their high specificity and well-known mechanism of action, there has been a growing interest in using them for improving vaccine efficacy. Several studies have shown that ASOs can improve the efficacy of vaccines either by inducing antigen modification such as enhanced expression of immunogenic molecules or by targeting certain components of the host immune system to achieve the desired immune response. However, despite their extended use, some problems such as insufficient stability and low cellular delivery have not been sufficiently resolved to achieve effective and safe ASO-based vaccines. In this review, we analyze the molecular bases and the research that has been conducted to demonstrate the potential use of ASOs in vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Batista-Duharte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara-Jaú - Km 1, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; (D.T.-M.); (I.Z.C.)
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.); (S.F.A.)
| | - Luis Sendra
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.); (S.F.A.)
| | - Maria José Herrero
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.); (S.F.A.)
| | - Damiana Téllez-Martínez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara-Jaú - Km 1, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; (D.T.-M.); (I.Z.C.)
| | - Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Analysis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Araraquara-Jaú - Km 1, 14800-903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil; (D.T.-M.); (I.Z.C.)
| | - Salvador Francisco Aliño
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.); (S.F.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xu X, Zhou X, Gao C, Cao L, Zhang Y, Hu X, Cui Y. Nodal promotes the malignancy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells via activation of NF-κB/IL-6 signals. Biol Chem 2020; 400:777-785. [PMID: 30699065 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the malignancy of NSCLC cells is important for therapy and drug development. Nodal, an important embryonic morphogen, has been reported to modulate tumorigenesis. We found that Nodal can trigger the proliferation of NSCLC cells and decrease the sensitivity to doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (CDDP) treatment. Targeted inhibition of Nodal can suppress the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Among the measured cytokines, Nodal can increase the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in NSCLC cells. Inhibition of IL-6, while not VEGFA, attenuated Nodal induced cell proliferation, suggesting the essential roles of IL-6 in Nodal induced malignancy of NSCLC cells. Nodal can trigger the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activities of p65, the key signal transducer of NF-κB. This was due to the fact that Nodal can increase the phosphorylation of IKKβ/IκBα. The inhibitor of IKKβ abolished Nodal induced activation of p65 and expression of IL-6. Collectively, we found that Nodal can increase the proliferation and decrease chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells via regulation of NF-κB/IL-6 signals. It indicated that Nodal might be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yushang Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen W, Wang Q, Xu X, Saxton B, Tessema M, Leng S, Choksi S, Belinsky SA, Liu ZG, Lin Y. Vasorin/ATIA Promotes Cigarette Smoke-Induced Transformation of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Suppressing Autophagy-Mediated Apoptosis. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:32-41. [PMID: 31760267 PMCID: PMC6883318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escaping cell death pathways is an important event during carcinogenesis. We previously identified anti-TNFα-induced apoptosis (ATIA, also known as vasorin) as an antiapoptotic factor that suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the role of vasorin in lung carcinogenesis has not been investigated. METHODS Vasorin expression was examined in human lung cancer tissues with immunohistochemistry and database analysis. Genetic and pharmacological approaches were used to manipulate protein expression and autophagy activity in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). ROS generation was measured with fluorescent indicator, apoptosis with release of lactate dehydrogenase, and cell transformation was assessed with colony formation in soft agar. RESULTS Vasorin expression was increased in human lung cancer tissues and cell lines, which was inversely associated with lung cancer patient survival. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)-induced vasorin expression in HBECs. Vasorin knockdown in HBECs significantly suppressed CSE-induced transformation in association with enhanced ROS accumulation and autophagy. Scavenging ROS attenuated autophagy and cytotoxicity in vasorin knockdown cells, suggesting that vasorin potentiates transformation by impeding ROS-mediated CSE cytotoxicity and improving survival of the premalignant cells. Suppression of autophagy effectively inhibited CSE-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy was pro-apoptotic in CSE-treated cells. Importantly, blocking autophagy strongly potentiated CSE-induced transformation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that vasorin is a potential lung cancer-promoting factor that facilitates cigarette smoke-induced bronchial epithelial cell transformation by suppressing autophagy-mediated apoptosis, which could be exploited for lung cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Chen
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Qiong Wang
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Xiuling Xu
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Bryanna Saxton
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Mathewos Tessema
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Swati Choksi
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Zheng-Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Boguslawska J, Kryst P, Poletajew S, Piekielko-Witkowska A. TGF-β and microRNA Interplay in Genitourinary Cancers. Cells 2019; 8:E1619. [PMID: 31842336 PMCID: PMC6952810 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary cancers (GCs) include a large group of different types of tumors localizing to the kidney, bladder, prostate, testis, and penis. Despite highly divergent molecular patterns, most GCs share commonly disturbed signaling pathways that involve the activity of TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta). TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates key cancer-related molecular and cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and chemoresistance. The understanding of the mechanisms of TGF-β actions in cancer is hindered by the "TGF-β paradox" in which early stages of cancerogenic process are suppressed by TGF-β while advanced stages are stimulated by its activity. A growing body of evidence suggests that these paradoxical TGF-β actions could result from the interplay with microRNAs: Short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to target transcripts and inducing mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of TGF-β signaling in GCs. Importantly, TGF-β signaling and microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression often act in complicated feedback circuits that involve other crucial regulators of cancer progression (e.g., androgen receptor). Furthermore, recently published in vitro and in vivo studies clearly indicate that the interplay between microRNAs and the TGF-β signaling pathway offers new potential treatment options for GC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Boguslawska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education; 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Kryst
- II Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (S.P.)
| | - Slawomir Poletajew
- II Department of Urology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (S.P.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
miR-433 suppresses tumor progression via Smad2 in non-small cell lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152591. [PMID: 31445716 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in lung cancer is well known. TGF-β-mediated cellular proliferation and angiogenesis through similar to mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2) protein has also been well elucidated. Smad2 is a predicted target for a microRNAs, namely miR-433. microRNAs are a significant class of non-coding RNAs which play an important role in epigenetic regulation. Here, we show that miR-433 directly binds to Smad2, which is shown to be upregulated in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). miR-433 expression is downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR-433 is associated with decreased expression of proteins - namely Cyclin D1, MMP-2/TIMP-2, and MMP-9, and consequently reduced cell proliferation and invasion phenotypes. Complementation of miR-433 leads to rescue of these disrupted phenotypes. miR-433 mediates its action via Smad2 and Id-1. miR-433 may be a candidate worth further exploration for its prognostic and therapeutic potential in NSCLC.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yu D, Zhang Z, Glass K, Su J, DeMeo DL, Tantisira K, Weiss ST, Qiu W. New Statistical Methods for Constructing Robust Differential Correlation Networks to characterize the interactions among microRNAs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3499. [PMID: 30837613 PMCID: PMC6401044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay among microRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in the developments of complex human diseases. Co-expression networks can characterize the interactions among miRNAs. Differential correlation network is a powerful tool to investigate the differences of co-expression networks between cases and controls. To construct a differential correlation network, the Fisher's Z-transformation test is usually used. However, the Fisher's Z-transformation test requires the normality assumption, the violation of which would result in inflated Type I error rate. Several bootstrapping-based improvements for Fisher's Z test have been proposed. However, these methods are too computationally intensive to be used to construct differential correlation networks for high-throughput genomic data. In this article, we proposed six novel robust equal-correlation tests that are computationally efficient. The systematic simulation studies and a real microRNA data analysis showed that one of the six proposed tests (ST5) overall performed better than other methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Yu
- Department of Information and Computing Science, College of Mathematics and Econometrics, Hunan University, Hunan, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jessica Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Soleimani A, Pashirzad M, Avan A, Ferns GA, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Role of the transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:8899-8907. [PMID: 30556274 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an important role in cancer cell proliferation, growth, metastasis, and apoptosis. It has been shown that TGF-β acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages of the disease, and as a tumor promoter in its late stages. Mutations in the TGF-β signaling components, the TGF-β receptors and cytoplasmic signaling transducers, are frequently observed in colorectal carcinomas. Exploiting specific TGF-β receptor agonist and antagonist with antitumor properties may be a way of controlling cancer progression. This review summarizes the regulatory role of TGF-β signaling in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Pashirzad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Anderson R, Rapoport BL. Immune Dysregulation in Cancer Patients Undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment and Potential Predictive Strategies for Future Clinical Practice. Front Oncol 2018; 8:80. [PMID: 29623257 PMCID: PMC5874299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Realization of the full potential of immune checkpoint inhibitor-targeted onco-immunotherapy is largely dependent on overcoming the obstacles presented by the resistance of some cancers, as well as on reducing the high frequency of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) associated with this type of immunotherapy. With the exception of combining therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, which target different types of immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules, progress in respect of improving therapeutic efficacy has been somewhat limited to date. Likewise, the identification of strategies to predict and monitor the development of IRAEs has also met with limited success due, at least in part, to lack of insight into mechanisms of immunopathogenesis. Accordingly, considerable effort is currently being devoted to the identification and evaluation of strategies which address both of these concerns and it is these issues which represent the major focus of the current review, particularly those which may be predictive of development of IRAEs. Following an introductory section, this review briefly covers those immune checkpoint inhibitors currently approved for clinical application, as well as more recently identified immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules, which may serve as future therapeutic targets. The remaining and more extensive sections represent overviews of: (i) putative strategies which may improve the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors; (ii) recent insights into the immunopathogenesis of IRAEs, most prominently enterocolitis; and (iii) strategies, mostly unexplored, which may be predictive of development of IRAEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bernardo L. Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee JC, Lee KM, Ahn YO, Suh B, Heo DS. A possible mechanism of impaired NK cytotoxicity in cancer patients: Down-regulation of DAP10 by TGF-β1. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 97:350-7. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161109700316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Elevated TGF-β1 secretion and down-modulation of NKG2D underlies impaired NK cytotoxicity in cancer patients. However, the molecular mechanism of immunosuppression by TGF-β1 is not yet clarified. Methods IL-2-activated human NK cells were cultured with TGF-β1. Protein levels of NKG2D and DAP10 were examined by FACS or immunoblot analyses. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to quantify the transcription levels. MAPK inhibitors were used to investigate intracellular signaling. Results TGF-β1 down-regulated total and surface NKG2D, which was partially dependent on transcriptional regulation. TGF-β1 treatment of human NK cells resulted in significant changes in both transcriptional and translational levels of DAP10. Moreover, treatment with bafilomycin A1 or folimycin restored total NKG2D levels in TGF-β1-treated NK cells. The impaired NKG2D down-modulation by TGF-β1 was not associated with activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusions TGF-β1 down-modulates surface NKG2D expression by controlling the transcriptional and translational levels of DAP10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- June-Chul Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Division of Brain Korea 21 Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Oon Ahn
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beomseok Suh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Seog Heo
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy for Thoracic Malignancies. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 13:16-26. [PMID: 29107016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are patient T cells that are transduced with genetically engineered synthetic receptors to target a cancer cell surface antigen. The remarkable clinical response rates achieved by adoptive transfer of T cells that target CD19 in patients with leukemia and lymphoma have led to a growing number of clinical trials exploring CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors. Herein, we review the evolution of adoptive T-cell therapy; highlight advances in CAR T-cell therapy for thoracic malignancies; and summarize the targets being investigated in clinical trials for patients with lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma, and esophageal cancer. We further discuss the barriers to successfully translating CAR T-cell therapy for solid tumors and present strategies that have been investigated to overcome these hurdles.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hsu CW, Wang JC, Liao WI, Chien WC, Chung CH, Tsao CH, Wu YF, Liao MT, Tsai SH. Association between malignancies and Marfan syndrome: a population-based, nested case-control study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017243. [PMID: 29042385 PMCID: PMC5652471 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marfan syndrome (MFS) involves a deficiency of the structural extracellular matrix component fibrillin-1 and overactivation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway. The TGF-β signalling pathway also actively participates in malignant transformation. Although anecdotal case reports have suggested associations between MFS/MFS-like conditions and several haematological and solid malignancies, such associations have not been thoroughly evaluated in large-scale studies. We sought to use a nationwide healthcare insurance claim database to evaluate whether patients with MFS are at increased risk of malignancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a nested case-control analysis using a database extracted from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. All medical conditions for each case and control were categorised using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision classifications. ORs and 95% CIs for associations between MFS and malignancies were estimated using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for comorbidities. RESULTS Our analyses included 1 153 137 cancer cases and 1 153 137 propensity score-matched controls. Relative to other subjects, patients with MFS had a significantly higher risk of having a malignancy (adjusted OR 3.991) and hypertension (adjusted OR 1.964) and were significantly more likely to be men. Malignancies originating from the head and neck and the urinary tract were significantly more frequent among patients with MFS than among subjects without MFS. CONCLUSION Patients with MFS are at increased risk of developing various malignancies. Healthcare professionals should be aware of this risk when treating such patients, and increased cancer surveillance may be necessary for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wang Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Huei Tsao
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fu Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang S, Che D, Yang F, Chi C, Meng H, Shen J, Qi L, Liu F, Lv L, Li Y, Meng Q, Liu J, Shang L, Yu Y. Tumor-associated macrophages promote tumor metastasis via the TGF-β/SOX9 axis in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99801-99815. [PMID: 29245941 PMCID: PMC5725132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), most of which display the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype, affect the tumor microenvironment and promote progression and metastasis in lung carcinoma. In this study, we analyzed clinical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples and found that high densities of TAMs were associated with a poor prognosis in NSCLC patients. Moreover, the number of TAMs present correlated positively with expression of sex determining region Y (SRY)-related high mobility group box 9 (SOX9) in NSCLC tissues. TAMs secreted TGF-β, which increased SOX9 expression and promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cancer cells, thereby promoting tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion. SOX9 knockdown inhibited EMT, indicating that TGF-β-mediated EMT is SOX9-dependent. TGF-β induced SOX9 expression by upregulating the C-jun/SMAD3 pathway. These results indicate that TGF-β secreted by TAMs promotes SOX9 expression via the C-jun/SMAD3 pathway, thereby promoting tumor metastasis. The TGF-β/SOX9 axis may therefore be an effective target for the treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- 1 The Sixth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Dehai Che
- 1 The Sixth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Yang
- 1 The Sixth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chunling Chi
- 2 Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxue Meng
- 3 Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Shen
- 1 The Sixth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Li Qi
- 4 Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Liu
- 1 The Sixth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Liyan Lv
- 5 Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- 1 The Sixth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- 1 The Sixth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Junning Liu
- 6 Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, China
| | - Lihua Shang
- 1 The Sixth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Yu
- 1 The Sixth Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Akimova T, Zhang T, Negorev D, Singhal S, Stadanlick J, Rao A, Annunziata M, Levine MH, Beier UH, Diamond JM, Christie JD, Albelda SM, Eruslanov EB, Hancock WW. Human lung tumor FOXP3+ Tregs upregulate four "Treg-locking" transcription factors. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94075. [PMID: 28814673 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental data indicate that FOXP3+ Tregs can markedly curtail host antitumor immune responses, but the properties of human intratumoral Tregs are still largely unknown, in part due to significant methodologic problems. We studied the phenotypic, functional, epigenetic, and transcriptional features of Tregs in 92 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, comparing the features of Tregs within tumors versus corresponding blood, lung, and lymph node samples. Intratumoral Treg numbers and suppressive function were significantly increased compared with all other sites but did not display a distinctive phenotype by flow cytometry. However, by undertaking simultaneous evaluation of mRNA and protein expression at the single-cell level, we demonstrated that tumor Tregs have a phenotype characterized by upregulated expression of FOXP3 mRNA and protein as well as significantly increased expression of EOS, IRF4, SATB1, and GATA1 transcription factor mRNAs. Expression of these "Treg-locking" transcription factors was positively correlated with levels of FOXP3 mRNA, with highest correlations for EOS and SATB1. EOS had an additional, FOXP3 mRNA-independent, positive correlation with FOXP3 protein in tumor Tregs. Our study identifies distinctive features of intratumoral Tregs and suggests that targeting Treg-locking transcription factors, especially EOS, may be of clinical importance for antitumor Treg-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Akimova
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dmitri Negorev
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason Stadanlick
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Abhishek Rao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Annunziata
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew H Levine
- Department of Surgery, Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ulf H Beier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joshua M Diamond
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Jason D Christie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Evgeniy B Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Spella M, Lilis I, Stathopoulos GT. Shared epithelial pathways to lung repair and disease. Eur Respir Rev 2017; 26:26/144/170048. [PMID: 28659498 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0048-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases present tremendous health burdens and share a common pathobiology of dysfunctional epithelial repair. Lung adenocarcinoma, the leading cancer killer worldwide, is caused mainly by chemical carcinogens of tobacco smoke that induce mutations in pulmonary epithelial cells leading to uncontrolled epithelial proliferation. Lung epithelial cells that possess the capacity for self-renewal and regeneration of other lung cell types are believed to underlie the pathobiology of chronic obstructive, fibrotic and neoplastic lung disorders. However, the understanding of lung epithelial progenitor cell hierarchy and turnover is incomplete and a comprehensive model of the cellular and transcriptional events that underlie lung regeneration and carcinogenesis is missing. The mapping of these processes is extremely important, since their modulation would potentially allow effective cure and/or prevention of chronic lung diseases. In this review we describe current knowledge on cellular and molecular pathways at play during lung repair and carcinogenesis and summarise the critical lung cell populations with regenerative and cancerous potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda Spella
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lilis
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece .,Comprehensive Pneumology Center and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Anafi RC, Francey LJ, Hogenesch JB, Kim J. CYCLOPS reveals human transcriptional rhythms in health and disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5312-5317. [PMID: 28439010 PMCID: PMC5441789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619320114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms modulate many aspects of physiology. Knowledge of the molecular basis of these rhythms has exploded in the last 20 years. However, most of these data are from model organisms, and translation to clinical practice has been limited. Here, we present an approach to identify molecular rhythms in humans from thousands of unordered expression measurements. Our algorithm, cyclic ordering by periodic structure (CYCLOPS), uses evolutionary conservation and machine learning to identify elliptical structure in high-dimensional data. From this structure, CYCLOPS estimates the phase of each sample. We validated CYCLOPS using temporally ordered mouse and human data and demonstrated its consistency on human data from two independent research sites. We used this approach to identify rhythmic transcripts in human liver and lung, including hundreds of drug targets and disease genes. Importantly, for many genes, the circadian variation in expression exceeded variation from genetic and other environmental factors. We also analyzed hepatocellular carcinoma samples and show these solid tumors maintain circadian function but with aberrant output. Finally, to show how this method can catalyze medical translation, we show that dosage time can temporally segregate efficacy from dose-limiting toxicity of streptozocin, a chemotherapeutic drug. In sum, these data show the power of CYCLOPS and temporal reconstruction in bridging basic circadian research and clinical medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lauren J Francey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Center for Chronobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shen M, Ren X. Highlights on immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695013. [PMID: 28349816 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of advanced or refractory non-small cell lung cancer has been historically difficult owing to the lack of studies on effective systemic cure. The progress in lung cancer treatment has plateaued, necessitating new options for additional benefits. Immune checkpoint proteins are co-inhibitory factors that can diminish the antigen-specific immune responses by attenuating the regulatory role of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death-1, lymphocyte-activation gene 3, and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3. The therapeutic strategies targeting immune checkpoints mainly focus on the monoclonal antibody of these regulatory factors, which may facilitate clinical decision making. An enhanced understanding of the drug-resistance mechanisms and the therapeutic efficacy regulation will provide opportunities to improve the clinical outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients. Preclinical and clinical trials on these key immune-regulatory agents, which has heralded a new era in immuno-oncology in non-small cell lung cancer treatment, are currently in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shen
- 1 Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,2 National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- 2 National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China.,3 Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,4 Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
PPAR γ as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Lung Cancer. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:8972570. [PMID: 27698657 PMCID: PMC5028876 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8972570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, with more than half the patients having advanced-stage disease at the time of initial diagnosis and thus facing a poor prognosis. This dire situation poses a need for new approaches in prevention and treatment. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Its involvement in adipocyte differentiation and glucose and lipid homeostasis is well-recognized, but accumulating evidence now suggests that PPARγ may also function as a tumor suppressor, inhibiting development of primary tumors and metastases in lung cancer and other malignancies. Besides having prodifferentiation, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic effects, PPARγ agonists have been shown to prevent cancer cells from acquiring the migratory and invasive capabilities essential for successful metastasis. Angiogenesis and secretion of certain matrix metalloproteinases and extracellular matrix proteins within the tumor microenvironment are also regulated by PPARγ. This review of the current literature highlights the potential of PPARγ agonists as novel therapeutic modalities in lung cancer, either as monotherapy or in combination with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
39
|
Shen L, Yang M, Lin Q, Zhang Z, Zhu B, Miao C. COL11A1 is overexpressed in recurrent non-small cell lung cancer and promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion and drug resistance. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:877-85. [PMID: 27373316 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen type XI α1 (COL11A1), a minor fibrillar collagen, has been demonstrated to be involved in cell proliferation, migration and the tumorigenesis of many human malignancies. Previous studies have shown that COL11A1 may be a valuable diagnostic marker for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However, its biological function in NSCLC progression remains largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated the expression levels of COL11A1 in different human NSCLC samples, and found that COL11A1 was overexpressed in NSCLC with lymph node metastasis and in recurrent NSCLC tissues. We also revealed that COL11A1 promoted the cell proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, our results highlighted the importance of COL11A1 in chemoresistance to cisplatin. Mechanistically, we found that the effects of the overexpression of COL11A1 in NSCLC cells were mediated by Smad signaling. Collectively, our findings suggest that COL11A1 may sever as a biomarker for metastatic NSCLC, and can be used to predict recurrence after surgical resection. Therapeutic approaches targeting COL11A1 may facilitate the optimization of cisplatin treatment of NSCLC by overcoming chemoresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Shen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Qionghua Lin
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chidamide alleviates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cell lines. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:687-95. [PMID: 27188428 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a critical process in the initiation of metastasis of various types of cancer. Chidamide is a class I histone deacetylase inhibitor with anti-tumor activity. This study investigated the effects of chidamide on TGF-β-mediated suppression of E-cadherin expression in adenocarcinomic lung epithelial cells and the molecular mechanisms involved in these effects. Western blot analysis, confocal microscopy, Quantitative methyl-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing were used to evaluate the effects of different treatments on chidamide ameliorating TGF-β induced-E-cadherin loss. H3 acetylation binding to the promoter of E-cadherin was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitations (CHIP). We found that chidamide reduced the level of lung cancer cell migration observed using a Boyden chamber assay (as an indicator of metastatic potential). Chidamide inhibited TGF-β-induced SMAD2 phosphorylation and attenuated TGF-β-induced loss of E-cadherin expression in lung cancer cells by Western blotting and confocal microscopy, respectively. Quantitative methyl-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing revealed that TGF-β-enhanced E-cadherin promoter methylation was ameliorated in cells treated with chidamide. We demonstrated that histone H3 deacetylation within the E-cadherin promoter was required for TGF-β-induced E-cadherin loss; cell treatment with chidamide increased the H3 acetylation detected by CHIP. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TGF-β suppressed E-cadherin expression by regulating promoter methylation and histone H3 acetylation. Chidamide significantly enhanced E-cadherin expression in TGF-β-treated cells and inhibited lung cancer cell migration. These findings indicate that chidamide has a potential therapeutic use due to its capacity to prevent cancer cell metastasis.
Collapse
|
41
|
Li Z, Huang Y, Du J, Liu AD, Tang C, Qi Y, Jin H. Endogenous Sulfur Dioxide Inhibits Vascular Calcification in Association with the TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:266. [PMID: 26907267 PMCID: PMC4813130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to investigate whether endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO₂) plays a role in vascular calcification (VC) in rats and its possible mechanisms. In vivo medial vascular calcification was induced in rats by vitamin D3 and nicotine for four weeks. In vitro calcification of cultured A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was induced by calcifying media containing 5 mmol/L CaCl₂. Aortic smooth muscle (SM) α-actin, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and Smad expression was measured. VC rats showed dispersed calcified nodules among the elastic fibers in calcified aorta with increased aortic calcium content and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. SM α-actin was markedly decreased, but the osteochondrogenic marker Runx2 concomitantly increased and TGF-β/Smad signaling was activated, in association with the downregulated SO₂/aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) pathway. However, SO₂ supplementation successfully ameliorated vascular calcification, and increased SM α-actin expression, but inhibited Runx2 and TGF-β/Smad expression. In calcified A7r5 VSMCs, the endogenous SO₂/AAT pathway was significantly downregulated. SO₂ treatment reduced the calcium deposits, calcium content, ALP activity and Runx2 expression and downregulated the TGF-β/Smad pathway in A7r5 cells but increased SM α-actin expression. In brief, SO₂ significantly ameliorated vascular calcification in association with downregulation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Angie Dong Liu
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden.
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yongfen Qi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lin W, Ezura Y, Izu Y, Aryal A.C S, Kawasaki M, Na Mahasarakham Chantida P, Moriyama K, Noda M. Profilin Expression Is Regulated by Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) in Osteoblastic Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:621-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yayoi Izu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Smriti Aryal A.C
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Makiri Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology; Medical Research Institute; Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
TGF-β1 Reduces miR-29a Expression to Promote Tumorigenicity and Metastasis of Cholangiocarcinoma by Targeting HDAC4. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136703. [PMID: 26441331 PMCID: PMC4595145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and miRNAs play important roles in cholangiocarcinoma progression. In this study, miR-29a level was found significantly decreased in both cholangiocarcinoma tissues and tumor cell lines. TGF-β1 reduced miR-29a expression in tumor cell lines. Furthermore, anti-miR-29a reduced the proliferation and metastasis capacity of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines in vitro, overexpression of miR-29a counteracted TGF-β1-mediated cell growth and metastasis. Subsequent investigation identified HDAC4 is a direct target of miR-29a. In addition, restoration of HDAC4 attenuated miR-29a-mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and metastasis. Conclusions: TGF-β1/miR-29a/HDAC4 pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma and our data provide new therapeutic targets for cholangiocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
44
|
Andreev K, Trufa DI, Siegemund R, Rieker R, Hartmann A, Schmidt J, Sirbu H, Finotto S. Impaired T-bet-pSTAT1α and perforin-mediated immune responses in the tumoral region of lung adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113:902-13. [PMID: 26348446 PMCID: PMC4578079 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of modern therapies for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), prognosis for many patients is still poor and survival rates are low. Immunotherapy is the possibility to improve the lung immune response surrounding the tumour. However, this approach requires detailed understanding of the local immune-responses of NSCLC patients. METHODS We analysed samples from three different regions within the lungs of NSCLC patients, whereas we distinguished between patients suffering from adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Expression of type 1 T helper (Th1)/type 1 cytotoxic (Tc1) factors was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot analyses or immunohistochemistry. Cytotoxic cell activity of CD8(+) T cells was determined via co-culture with autologous tumour cells and apoptosis assay. RESULTS We found decreased levels of the transcription factor T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet or Tbx21) and of the downstream activated IFN-γ-dependent pSTAT1α isoform in the lung tumour areas of patients with NSCLC as compared with tumour-free control regions. In these patients, reduced T-bet and pSTAT1α levels were found associated with increased immunosuppressive markers like cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death 1 and with a suppression of the Th1 cell cytokine production and Tc1 cell activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm a central role of T-bet in targeted immunotherapy for patients with NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Andreev
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Denis Iulian Trufa
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Raphaela Siegemund
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Ralf Rieker
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Joachim Schmidt
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Germany
| | - Horia Sirbu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ding N, Wang S, Yang Q, Li Y, Cheng H, Wang J, Wang D, Deng Y, Yang Y, Hu S, Zhao H, Fang X. Deep sequencing analysis of microRNA expression in human melanocyte and melanoma cell lines. Gene 2015; 572:135-145. [PMID: 26164755 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that is highly aggressive, and is considered the most deadly of all skin cancers. Currently, there are no effective therapies for melanomas once they undergo metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. They have been reported to be associated with the occurrence of many diseases, including human melanoma. However, the mechanisms by which miRNAs exert their effects remain unclear; therefore, a systematic analysis of the miRNAome in human melanoma is necessary. We investigated the miRNAome in human melanocyte and melanoma cell lines using high-throughput RNA sequencing. We identified a group of dysregulated miRNAs by comparing the miRNA expression profiles among the melanoma cell lines. Target genes of these miRNAs encode proteins whose functions are associated with the cell cycle and apoptosis. Gene networks were built to investigate the interactions of genes during melanoma progression. We identified that the key genes that regulate melanoma cell proliferation were regulated by miRNAs. In summary, our investigation of the human melanoma miRNAome using high-throughput sequencing revealed a number of previously unreported miRNAs associated with malignant progression of melanoma. Our findings add to existing knowledge regarding the mechanisms of melanoma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shaobin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050081, China
| | - Junyun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Youhui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yadong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Songnian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Song R, Catchpoole DR, Kennedy PJ, Li J. Identification of lung cancer miRNA-miRNA co-regulation networks through a progressive data refining approach. J Theor Biol 2015; 380:271-9. [PMID: 26026830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Co-regulations of miRNAs have been much less studied than the research on regulations between miRNAs and their target genes, although these two problems are equally important for understanding the entire mechanisms of complex post-transcriptional regulations. The difficulty to construct a miRNA-miRNA co-regulation network lies in how to determine reliable miRNA pairs from various resources of data related to the same disease such as expression levels, gene ontology (GO) databases, and protein-protein interactions. Here we take a novel integrative approach to the discovery of miRNA-miRNA co-regulation networks. This approach can progressively refine the various types of data and the computational analysis results. Applied to three lung cancer miRNA expression data sets of different subtypes, our method has identified a miRNA-miRNA co-regulation network and co-regulating functional modules common to lung cancer. An example of these functional modules consists of genes SMAD2, ACVR1B, ACVR2A and ACVR2B. This module is synergistically regulated by let-7a/b/c/f, is enriched in the same GO category, and has a close proximity in the protein interaction network. We also find that the co-regulation network is scale free and that lung cancer related miRNAs have more synergism in the network. According to our literature survey and database validation, many of these results are biologically meaningful for understanding the mechanism of the complex post-transcriptional regulations in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renhua Song
- Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway New South Wales 2007, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Daniel R Catchpoole
- The Tumour Bank, Children׳s Cancer Research Unit, The Children׳s Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead New South Wales 2145, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Paul J Kennedy
- Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway New South Wales 2007, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Quantum Computation & Intelligent Systems, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway New South Wales 2007, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jinyan Li
- Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway New South Wales 2007, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang L, Yang H, Lei Z, Zhao J, Chen Y, Chen P, Li C, Zeng Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhang HT. Repression of TIF1γ by SOX2 promotes TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:867-77. [PMID: 25961934 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
TIF1γ is a novel regulator of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling. Our previous studies show that dysregulated expression of transcriptional intermediary factor 1 γ (TIF1γ) and abnormal TGF-β/Smad signaling are implicated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) separately. However, how TIF1γ contributes to NSCLC by controlling TGF-β/Smad signaling is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of TIF1γ in TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as a link between TIF1γ and SOX2 in NSCLC. We show that TIF1γ is a downstream target of SOX2 in NSCLC cells. SOX2 overexpression negatively regulated TIF1γ promoter activity and thereby attenuated TIF1γ mRNA and protein expression levels; SOX2 knockdown significantly enhanced TIF1γ promoter activity and augmented TIF1γ expression. Moreover, TIF1γ mRNA expression was downregulated in human NSCLC tissues and negatively correlated with SOX2 protein, which was upregulated in NSCLC tissues. Importantly, knockdown of TIF1γ or SOX2 overexpression augmented SMAD4 (human Mad (mothers against decapentaplegic)-related homologous protein 4)-dependent transcriptional responses, and enhanced TGF-β-induced EMT and human NSCLC cell invasion; knockdown of SOX2 impaired TGF-β-induced EMT and NSCLC cell invasion. In an in vivo model of metastasis, knockdown of TIF1γ promotes NSCLC cell metastasis. In addition, our data suggested that TIF1γ inhibited TGF-β-induced EMT through competing with SMAD4 in NSCLC cells. Taken together, our findings reveal a new mechanism by which SOX2-mediated transcription repression of TIF1γ promotes TGF-β-induced EMT in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China
| | - H Yang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China
| | - Z Lei
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China
| | - J Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - P Chen
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, and Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Li
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Y Zeng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Z Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - X Liu
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China
| | - H-T Zhang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Genetics, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu J, Cho SN, Akkanti B, Jin N, Mao J, Long W, Chen T, Zhang Y, Tang X, Wistub II, Creighton CJ, Kheradmand F, DeMayo FJ. ErbB2 Pathway Activation upon Smad4 Loss Promotes Lung Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1599-1613. [PMID: 25753424 PMCID: PMC7405934 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death. Genome sequencing of lung tumors from patients with squamous cell carcinoma has identified SMAD4 to be frequently mutated. Here, we use a mouse model to determine the molecular mechanisms by which Smad4 loss leads to lung cancer progression. Mice with ablation of Pten and Smad4 in airway epithelium develop metastatic adenosquamous tumors. Comparative transcriptomic and in vivo cistromic analyses determine that loss of PTEN and SMAD4 results in ELF3 and ErbB2 pathway activation due to decreased expression of ERRFI1, a negative regulator of ERBB2 in mouse and human cells. The combinatorial inhibition of ErbB2 and Akt signaling attenuate tumor progression and cell invasion, respectively. Expression profile analysis of human lung tumors substantiated the importance of the ErbB2/Akt/ELF3 signaling pathway as both a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic drug target for treating lung cancer. Liu et al. now show that ablation of Smad4 and Pten in the pulmonary epithelium results in the development of metastatic adenosquamous lung tumors through activation of the ErbB2/ELF3/AKT pathway. ErbB2 activation in mice is due to downregulation of Errfi1 expression, a direct target of SMAD4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sung-Nam Cho
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bindu Akkanti
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nili Jin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianqiang Mao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiwen Long
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Tenghui Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ximing Tang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistub
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Departments of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li WH, Chang L, Xia YX, Wang L, Liu YY, Wang YH, Jiang Z, Xiao J, Wang ZR. Knockdown of PTTG1 inhibits the growth and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells through regulation of TGFB1/SMAD3 signaling. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 28:45-52. [PMID: 25816405 DOI: 10.1177/0306419015572073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is expressed in many tumors and regulates tumor growth and progression. However, the precise function of PTTG1 in the tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is not defined yet. Here, we examined the expression of PTTG1 in human LAC tissues by immunohistochemical assay using a tissue microarray procedure. A loss-of-function experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of lentiviral vector-mediated PTTG1 shRNA (shPTTG1) on cell growth and invasive potential in LAC cell lines (A549 and LETPα-2), assessed by MTT and Transwell assays. As a consequence, we found that the expression of PTTG1 protein was markedly upregulated in LAC tissues compared with the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCT) (54.0% vs. 28.0%, P = 0.008), and was positively associated with the lymphatic invasion of the tumor ( P = 0.01). Moreover, knockdown of PTTG1 expression inhibited tumor proliferation and invasion of LAC cells, companied by the decreased expression of CyclinD1 and MMP-2 and increased expression of p-TGFβ1 and p-SMAD3. Collectively, our findings indicate that high expression of PTTG1 is correlated with the tumor metastasis of LAC patients, and knockdown of PTTG1 suppresses the growth and invasion of LAC cells through upregulation of the TGFβ1/SMAD3 signaling, suggesting that PTTG1 may be a potential target for developing an effective immunotherapeutic strategy for LAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-H Li
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - L Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - Y-X Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - Y-Y Liu
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Y-H Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Z Jiang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - J Xiao
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Z-R Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Luo X, Luo W, Lin C, Zhang L, Li Y. Andrographolide inhibits proliferation of human lung cancer cells and the related mechanisms. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:4220-4225. [PMID: 25550934 PMCID: PMC4276192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study is to determine effect of Andrographolide (AD) on the growth of the non-small cell lung cancer cell line H3255. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) were also detected. The H3255 cells were treated with 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 μM AD for 24 h. MTT assay was performed to examine cell viability. Levels of VEGF and TGF-β1 were detected by ELISA. The ATPase activity and PKC activity were tested. AD treatments decreased cell viability via a concentration-dependent manner, leading to decreases in the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activities (P < 0.05). AD also increased levels of the DNA fragmentation and releasing of lactate dehydrogenase. AD also reduced VEGF and TGF-β1 levels, and inhibited protein kinase C activities in H3255 cells (P < 0.05). AD inhibits proliferation of lung cancer cells via a concentration-dependent manner by a mechanism related to reducing levels of VEGF and TGF-β1. Thus, AD might be a potent anti-lung cancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hubei University of Medicine Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Shiyan Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Weimin Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hubei University of Medicine Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Shiyan Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Chenyi Lin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hubei University of Medicine Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Shiyan Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hubei University of Medicine Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Shiyan Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yaling Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hubei University of Medicine Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Shiyan Shiyan 442000, China
| |
Collapse
|