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Hamshaw I, Ellahouny Y, Malusickis A, Newman L, Ortiz-Jacobs D, Mueller A. The role of PKC and PKD in CXCL12 and CXCL13 directed malignant melanoma and acute monocytic leukemic cancer cell migration. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110966. [PMID: 37949381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is the leading cause of cancer related mortality. Chemokine receptors and proteins in their downstream signalling axis represent desirable therapeutic targets for the prevention of metastasis. Despite this, current therapeutics have experienced limited success in clinical trials due to a lack of insight into the downstream signalling pathway of specific chemokine receptor cascades in different tumours. In this study, we investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase D (PKD) in CXCL12 and CXCL13 stimulated SK-MEL-28 (malignant melanoma) and THP-1 (acute monocytic leukaemia) cell migration. While PKC and PKD had no active role in CXCL12 or CXCL13 stimulated THP-1 cell migration, PKC and PKD inhibition reduced CXCL12 stimulated migration and caused profound effects upon the cytoskeleton of SK-MEL-28 cells. Furthermore, only PKC and not PKD inhibition reduced CXCL13 stimulated migration in SK-MEL-28 cells however PKC inhibition failed to stimulate any changes to the actin cytoskeleton. These findings indicate that PKC inhibitors would be a useful therapeutic for the prevention of both CXCL12 and CXCL13 stimulated migration and PKD inhibitors for CXCL12 stimulated migration in malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hamshaw
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Artur Malusickis
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Lia Newman
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Anja Mueller
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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2
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Jang BY, Shin MK, Han DH, Sung JS. Curcumin Disrupts a Positive Feedback Loop between ADMSCs and Cancer Cells in the Breast Tumor Microenvironment via the CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2627. [PMID: 38004606 PMCID: PMC10675183 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has a significant impact on breast cancer initiation and progression owing to its substantial proportion in the breast. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are major players in the breast tumor microenvironment (TME) as they interact with cancer cells. The intricate interaction between ADMSCs and cancer cells not only drives the differentiation of ADMSCs into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) but also the metastasis of cancer cells, which is attributed to the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. We investigated the effects of curcumin, a flavonoid known for CXCL12/CXCR4 axis inhibition, on breast TME by analyzing whether it can disrupt the ADMSC-cancer positive loop. Using MCF7 breast cancer cell-derived conditioned medium (MCF7-CM), we induced ADMSC transformation and verified that curcumin diminished the phenotypic change, inhibiting CAF marker expression. Additionally, curcumin suppressed the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and its downstream signaling both in ADMSCs and MCF7 cells. The CM from ADMSCs, whose ADMSC-to-CAF transformation was repressed by the curcumin treatment, inhibited the positive feedback loop between ADMSCs and MCF7 as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MCF7. Our study showed that curcumin is a potent anti-cancer agent that can remodel the breast TME, thereby restricting the ADMSC-cancer positive feedback loop associated with the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea; (B.-Y.J.); (M.K.S.); (D.-H.H.)
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Hong JM, Lee JW, Seen DS, Jeong JY, Huh WK. LPA1-mediated inhibition of CXCR4 attenuates CXCL12-induced signaling and cell migration. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:257. [PMID: 37749552 PMCID: PMC10518940 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptor heteromerization is believed to exert dynamic regulatory impact on signal transduction. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand CXCL12, both of which are overexpressed in many cancers, play a pivotal role in metastasis. Likewise, lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) is implicated in cancer cell proliferation and migration. In our preliminary study, we identified LPA1 as a prospective CXCR4 interactor. In the present study, we investigated in detail the formation of the CXCR4-LPA1 heteromer and characterized the unique molecular features and function of this heteromer. METHODS We employed bimolecular fluorescence complementation, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, and proximity ligation assays to demonstrate heteromerization between CXCR4 and LPA1. To elucidate the distinctive molecular characteristics and functional implications of the CXCR4-LPA1 heteromer, we performed various assays, including cAMP, BRET for G protein activation, β-arrestin recruitment, ligand binding, and transwell migration assays. RESULTS We observed that CXCR4 forms heteromers with LPA1 in recombinant HEK293A cells and the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Coexpression of LPA1 with CXCR4 reduced CXCL12-mediated cAMP inhibition, ERK activation, Gαi/o activation, and β-arrestin recruitment, while CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 remained unaffected. In contrast, CXCR4 had no impact on LPA1-mediated signaling. The addition of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) further hindered CXCL12-induced Gαi/o recruitment to CXCR4. LPA or alkyl-OMPT inhibited CXCL12-induced migration in various cancer cells that endogenously express both CXCR4 and LPA1. Conversely, CXCL12-induced calcium signaling and migration were increased in LPAR1 knockout cells, and LPA1-selective antagonists enhanced CXCL12-induced Gαi/o signaling and cell migration in the parental MDA-MB-231 cells but not in LPA1-deficient cells. Ultimately, complete inhibition of cell migration toward CXCL12 and alkyl-OMPT was only achieved in the presence of both CXCR4 and LPA1 antagonists. CONCLUSIONS The presence and impact of CXCR4-LPA1 heteromers on CXCL12-induced signaling and cell migration have been evidenced across various cell lines. This discovery provides crucial insights into a valuable regulatory mechanism of CXCR4 through heteromerization. Moreover, our findings propose a therapeutic potential in combined CXCR4 and LPA1 inhibitors for cancer and inflammatory diseases associated with these receptors, simultaneously raising concerns about the use of LPA1 antagonists alone for such conditions. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Hong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seung Seen
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Jeong
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08790, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Hjazi A, Nasir F, Noor R, Alsalamy A, Zabibah RS, Romero-Parra RM, Ullah MI, Mustafa YF, Qasim MT, Akram SV. The pathological role of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression; special focus on molecular mechanisms and possible therapeutics. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154616. [PMID: 37379710 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is comprised of transformed cells and non-malignant cells including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), endothelial vasculature cells, and tumor-infiltrating cells. These nonmalignant cells, as well as soluble factors (e.g., cytokines), and the extracellular matrix (ECM), form the tumor microenvironment (TME). In general, the cancer cells and their surrounding TME can crosstalk by direct cell-to-cell contact and via soluble factors, such as cytokines (e.g., chemokines). TME not only promotes cancer progression through growth-promoting cytokines but also provides resistance to chemotherapy. Understanding the mechanisms of tumor growth and progression and the roles of chemokines in CRC will likely suggest new therapeutic targets. In this line, a plethora of reports has evidenced the critical role of chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12 or SDF-1) axis in CRC pathogenesis. In the current review, we take a glimpse into the role of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in CRC growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, drug resistance, and immune escape. Also, a summary of recent reports concerning targeting CXCR4/CXCL12 axis for CRC management and therapy has been delivered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rabia Noor
- Amna Inayat Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of Medical Technique, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Rahman S Zabibah
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | - Muhammad Ikram Ullah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 75471, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
| | - Maytham T Qasim
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Shaik Vaseem Akram
- Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Division of Research & Innovation, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
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Park C, Lee JW, Kim K, Seen DS, Jeong JY, Huh WK. Simultaneous activation of CXC chemokine receptor 4 and histamine receptor H1 enhances calcium signaling and cancer cell migration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1894. [PMID: 36732336 PMCID: PMC9895059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is widely overexpressed in various types of cancer and is involved in several cancer phenotypes including tumor growth, survival, and metastasis. The roles of histamine and histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) in cancer pathogenesis remain controversial. Here, we show that HRH1 is widely expressed in various cancer cell lines and cancer tissues and that coexpression of CXCR4 and HRH1 is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer donor saturation assays, we demonstrate that CXCR4 and HRH1 can assemble into a heteromeric complex. Simultaneous activation of CXCR4 and HRH1 synergistically increases calcium flux in MDA-MB-231 cells that endogenously express CXCR4 and HRH1 but not in cells deficient in CXCR4 or HRH1. Costimulation of CXCR4 and HRH1 also significantly enhances CXCL12-induced MDA-MB-231 cell migration, while histamine alone does not induce cell migration. Synergistic effects on calcium flux and cell migration are inhibited by the Gαi inhibitor pertussis toxin and the Gαq inhibitor YM254890, suggesting that the Gαi and Gαq pathways are involved in the synergy. Enhanced calcium signaling and cell migration are also observed in NCI-H23 and HeLa cells, which coexpress CXCR4 and HRH1. Taken together, our findings demonstrate an interplay between CXCR4 and HRH1, and suggest the possibility of the CXCR4-HRH1 heteromer as a potential therapeutic target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulo Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiheon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seung Seen
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08790, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Jeong
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08790, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08790, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Abedi Kiasari B, Abbasi A, Ghasemi Darestani N, Adabi N, Moradian A, Yazdani Y, Sadat Hosseini G, Gholami N, Janati S. Combination therapy with nivolumab (anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody): A new era in tumor immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Qiu L, Xu Y, Xu H, Yu B. The clinicopathological and prognostic value of CXCR4 expression in patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:681. [PMID: 35729596 PMCID: PMC9210617 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been suggested to play an important role in several types of cancers and is related to biological behaviors connected with tumor progression. However, the clinical significance and application of CXCR4 in lung cancer remain disputable. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the impact of CXCR4 expression on survival and clinicopathological features in lung cancer. Methods Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for relevant studies. We pooled hazard ratios (HRs)/odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by STATA 12.0 to evaluate the potential value of CXCR4 expression. Results Twenty-seven relevant articles involving 2932 patients with lung cancer were included in our meta-analysis. The results revealed that CXCR4 expression was apparently associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.42–1.82) and disease-free survival (HR 3.39, 95% CI 2.38–4.83). Furthermore, a significant correlation with poor OS was obvious in non-small cell lung cancer patients (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.40–1.81) and in patients showing CXCR4 expression in the cytoplasm (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.55–2.84) and the membrane (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.24–2.45). CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with men (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08–1.61), advanced tumor stages (T3-T4) (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.28–4.28), advanced nodal stages (N > 0) (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.90–2.90), distant metastasis (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.53–8.69), advanced TNM stages (TNM stages III, IV) (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.95–4.93) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.44–4.12) but was not associated with age, smoking history, histopathology, differentiation, lymphatic vessel invasion or local recurrence. Conclusion High expression of CXCR4 is related to tumor progression and might be an adverse prognostic factor for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Qiu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Biyun Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, 1111 Jiangnan Road, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
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Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Predict Therapeutic Efficacy of Immunotherapy in NSCLC. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122898. [PMID: 35740564 PMCID: PMC9221141 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Biomarkers to guide clinical decisions and efficacy are limited in advanced non-small cell lung cancer’s anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors. We prospectively explored baseline peripheral blood mononuclear cells in order to asses’ immunotherapy predictors in this setting. We included 39 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy in the study group and 40 patients with advanced malignancies treated with non-immunotherapy treatment, as control group. We detected that high baseline levels of circulating T cell subpopulations related to tissue lymphocyte recruitment are associated with poorer outcomes of immunotherapy-treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients, and these differences were specific to immunotherapy-treated patients. Abstract In lung cancer immunotherapy, biomarkers to guide clinical decisions are limited. We now explore whether the detailed immunophenotyping of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can predict the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We determined 107 PBMCs subpopulations in a prospective cohort of NSCLC patients before starting single-agent anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (study group), analyzed by flow cytometry. As a control group, we studied patients with advanced malignancies before initiating non-immunotherapy treatment. The frequency of PBMCs was correlated with treatment outcome. Patients were categorized as having either high or low expression for each biomarker, defined as those above the 55th or below the 45th percentile of the overall marker expression within the cohort. In the study group, three subpopulations were associated with significant differences in outcome: high pretreatment levels of circulating CD4+CCR9+, CD4+CCR10+, or CD8+CXCR4+ T cells correlated with poorer overall survival (15.7 vs. 35.9 months, HR 0.16, p = 0.003; 22.0 vs. NR months, HR 0.10, p = 0.003, and 22.0 vs. NR months, HR 0.29, p = 0.02). These differences were specific to immunotherapy-treated patients. High baseline levels of circulating T cell subpopulations related to tissue lymphocyte recruitment are associated with poorer outcomes of immunotherapy-treated advanced NSCLC patients.
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Gu Y, Gu W, Xie R, Chen Z, Xu T, Fei Z. Role of CXCR4 as a Prognostic Biomarker Associated With the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654504. [PMID: 34568309 PMCID: PMC8457401 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for high rates of morbidity and mortality in the population. The tumor microenvironment (TME), which plays a crucial role in GC progression, may serve as an optimal prognostic predictor of GC. In this study, we identified CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) as a TME-related gene among thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We showed that CXCR4 can be used to predict the effect of immunotherapy in patients with GC. Methods: GC samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed for the presence of stroma (stromal score), the infiltration of immune cells (immune score) in tumor tissues, and the tumor purity (estimate score) using the ESTIMATE (Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data) algorithm. DEGs were sorted based on differences in the values of the three scores. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to determine the biological processes and pathways enriched in these DEGs. The correlations of scores with clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS) of patients with GC were assessed by the Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses. Through subsequent protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and univariate Cox regression analyses, CXCR4 was identified as a TME-related gene. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to assess the role of CXCR4 in the TME of GC. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to further explore the correlation between tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and CXCR4. Finally, the TISIDB database was used to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with GC. Results: We extracted 1231 TME-related DEGs and by an overlapping screening of PPI network and univariate Cox regression, CXCR4 was identified as a biomarker of TME, which deeply engaged in immune-related biological processes of gastric cancer and have close association with several immunocompetent cells. Conclusion: CXCR4 may be a useful biomarker of prognosis and an indicator of the TME in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenyue Gu
- Yancheng Third People's Hospital, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tongpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenghua Fei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Fung AS, Kopciuk K, Dean ML, D’Silva A, Otsuka S, Klimowicz A, Hao D, Morris D, Bebb DG. CXCR4 expression in lung carcinogenesis: Evaluating gender-specific differences in survival outcomes based on CXCR4 expression in early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241240. [PMID: 33507926 PMCID: PMC7842928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence suggests that the expression of certain cytokine receptors increases with lung cancer evolution. Overexpression of the cytokine receptor CXCR4 is associated with poor outcomes in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with shorter survival in females with high CXCR4 expression. This study quantifies CXCR4 expression in early stage disease and evaluates its association with gender-specific recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in resected stage I-III NSCLC patients. METHODS Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were obtained from the Glans-Look Lung Cancer (G-LLC) database for early stage NSCLC patients diagnosed between 2003-2006 at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre (TBCC). CXCR4 expression was quantified on tissue microarrays (TMA). Median RFS and OS were evaluated by gender using Kaplan-Meier analyses. CXCR4 expression and outcome data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards (PH) and multi-state models (MSM). RESULTS 176 stage I-III NSCLC patients were identified. CXCR4 expression was lower in early stage NSCLC patients, with a mean CXCR4 expression of 1729 (SD 1083) compared to 2640 (SD 1541) in stage IV patients. On Kaplan-Meier, median RFS by gender was similar (male 52.8 months vs. female 54.5 months) as was median OS (male 80.9 months vs. female 89.0 months), and there was no significant difference in RFS (p = 0.60) or OS (p = 0.30) by gender and CXCR4 groups over follow-up. By multivariable analysis, CXCR4 expression was not prognostic for RFS (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.00, p = 0.73) or OS (HR = 1.00, p = 0.44), and no gender difference was observed. CONCLUSIONS CXCR4 expression increases with stage progression in NSCLC but is not prognostic in early stage NSCLC patients of either gender. Mechanisms by which CXCR4 expression increases during lung carcinogenesis warrant further exploration and testing in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Fung
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Kopciuk
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michelle L. Dean
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adrijana D’Silva
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shannon Otsuka
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Desiree Hao
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Don Morris
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D. Gwyn Bebb
- Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Enwere EK, Dean ML, Li H, D'Silva A, Bebb DG. The prevalence and prognostic significance of estrogen receptor beta expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:496-506. [PMID: 32676313 PMCID: PMC7354142 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2020.03.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is the predominant estrogen receptor (ER) expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, due to methodological disparities among prior studies, the prognostic value of ERβ expression in NSCLC remains unclear. Our objective was to apply improved detection and analysis techniques to assess the prognostic value of ERβ expression in NSCLC. Methods A tissue microarray (TMA) was used which contained resected and biopsy specimens from 299 patients diagnosed at a single center with stages I-IV NSCLC. Sections of this array were stained using high-sensitivity fluorescence immunohistochemistry, with the well-validated PPG5/10 monoclonal antibody. Digital images of the stained array slides were analyzed using software-based image analysis, which reported ERβ expression as a continuous variable in different subcellular domains. Results There were no differences in ERβ expression between male and female patients. High expression of ERβ was not a prognostic factor, but was significantly associated with stage IV disease in both tumor and stroma (P<0.001). In multivariable analysis, a high nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio of ERβ expression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival, based on expression in the tumor [hazard ratio (HR): 1.65; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25-2.19; P<0.001] and in the stroma (HR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.16-2.12; P=0.003). Conclusions These results suggest that subcellular localization of ERβ, but not absolute expression, is a prognostic factor in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeka K Enwere
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michelle L Dean
- Translational Laboratories, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Haocheng Li
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adrijana D'Silva
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - D Gwyn Bebb
- Translational Laboratories, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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He F, Zhong X, Lin Z, Lin J, Qiu M, Li X, Hu Z. Plasma exo-hsa_circRNA_0056616: A potential biomarker for lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:4037-4046. [PMID: 32368286 PMCID: PMC7196257 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To investigate the relationship between CXCR4-related circular RNAs (circRNAs) in exosomes and lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: Totally 41 lung adenocarcinoma tissues (21 with lymph node metastasis and 20 without) were collected. Expression of CXCR4 protein was detected by western blotting analysis. A stable PC9/CXCR4-shRNA and PC14/CXCR4-shRNA knockdown lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were established and subjected to functional assays (cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion) for phenotype changes. Exo-hsa-circRNAs (has-circRNAs in exosomes) were detected in vivo and in vitro. The diagnostic value of differentially expressed exo-has-circRNAs was evaluated. Results: Expression levels of CXCR4 were higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without (P = 0.001). Silencing CXCR4 expression in PC9 and PC14 cell lines with short hairpin RNA could effectively abolish colony formation frequency, proliferation rate, migration rate, and the number of invasive cells (all P < 0.001). Exo_circRNA_0056616 was detected in both PC-9/CXCR4-shRNA cells and lung adenocarcinoma plasma at significantly higher levels than in the corresponding control (P < 0.001). When a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for plasma exo-hsa_circRNA_0056616 levels and diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma was generated, a cutoff value of 0.394 was identified with an area under the curve of 0.812 (95% confidence interval 0.720-0.903), a sensitivity of 0.792, and specificity of 0.810. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings suggested that CXCR4 was higher in the lung adenocarcinoma tissues with lymph node metastasis. Higher plasma levels of exo-hsa_circRNA_0056616 in these patients also suggest that this circRNA represents a potential biomarker for lymph node metastasis predictor in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xuejing Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.,Department of Science and Education, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, China
| | - Zheng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jianbo Lin
- Department of Chest Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Minglian Qiu
- Department of Chest Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Chest Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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13
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Fu Y, Li X, Chen H, Wang Z, Yang W, Zhang H. CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Antagonist Functionalized Renal Clearable Manganese-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Active-Tumor-Targeting Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Bio-Photothermal Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3613-3621. [PMID: 35030748 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Hongda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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14
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Garrido P, Viñolas N, Isla D, Provencio M, Majem M, Artal A, Carcereny E, Garcia Campelo R, Lianes P, De La Peñas R, Felip E. Lung cancer in Spanish women: The WORLD07 project. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2018; 28:e12941. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Angel Artal
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Enric Carcereny
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol; Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Pilar Lianes
- Consorci Sanitari del Maresme - Hospital de Mataró; Mataró, Barcelona Spain
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15
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Wald O. CXCR4 Based Therapeutics for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100303. [PMID: 30257500 PMCID: PMC6210654 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy. Unfortunately, despite advances in multimodality therapeutics for the disease, the overall five-year survival rate among newly diagnosed lung cancer patients remains in the range region of 15%. In addition, although immune checkpoint inhibitors are increasingly being incorporated into lung cancer treatment protocols, the proportion of patients that respond to these agents remains low and the duration of response is often short. Therefore, novel methodologies to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in lung cancer are highly desirable. Chemokines are small chemotactic cytokines that interact with their 7 transmembrane G-protein⁻coupled receptors, to guide immune cell trafficking in the body under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Tumor cells highjack a small repertoire of the chemokine/chemokine receptor system and utilize it in a manner that benefits local tumor growth and distant spread. The chemokine receptor, CXCR4 is expressed in over 30 types of malignant tumors and, through interaction with its ligand CXCL12, was shown exert pleotropic pro-tumorigenic effects. In this review, the pathologic roles that CXCL12/CXCR4 play in lung cancer propagation are presented. Furthermore, the challenges and potential benefits of incorporating drugs that target CXCL12/CXCR4 into immune-based lung cancer therapeutic protocols are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Wald
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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16
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Stumpf C, Kaemmerer D, Neubauer E, Sänger J, Schulz S, Lupp A. Somatostatin and CXCR4 expression patterns in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung relative to small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:1921-1932. [PMID: 30076481 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer is highly prevalent and has an especially poor prognosis. Thus, new diagnostic and therapeutic targets are necessary. Two potential targets are somatostatin receptors (SST), which are overexpressed in well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms, and the chemokine receptor CXCR4, which is present mainly in highly proliferative and advanced tumours. Although their expression is relatively well characterized in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), data on SST and CXCR4 expression are scarce and contradictory. METHODS We comparatively evaluated 83 tumour samples from a total of 57 lung cancer patients, of which 22 had adenocarcinoma (ADC), 21 had squamous cell carcinoma (SQC), and 15 had SCLC. Samples were evaluated for SST and CXCR4 expression using immunohistochemistry with well-characterized rabbit monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS In the samples investigated, the most prominently expressed receptors were CXCR4 and SST5. Specifically, CXCR4 was detected with high expression intensity in more than 60% of ADC samples, about 90% of SQC, and 100% of SCLC. SST5 was present in about 75% of ADC and SQC samples and in more than 90% of SCLC. Although not noticeably expressed in ADC and SQC samples, SST2 was detected in 50% of SCLC cases, with a subset of patients displaying exceptionally high expression. The comparison of the three tumour entities revealed that SCLC samples had higher SST2, SST5, and CXCR4 expression, but lower SST3 and SST1 relative to ADC or SQC samples. CONCLUSION CXCR4 may be a promising target for diagnostics and therapy in both SCLC and NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stumpf
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaemmerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Elisa Neubauer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Jörg Sänger
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Str. 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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17
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Petersen LF, Klimowicz AC, Otsuka S, Elegbede AA, Petrillo SK, Williamson T, Williamson CT, Konno M, Lees-Miller SP, Hao D, Morris D, Magliocco AM, Bebb DG. Loss of tumour-specific ATM protein expression is an independent prognostic factor in early resected NSCLC. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38326-38336. [PMID: 28418844 PMCID: PMC5503535 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is critical in maintaining genomic integrity. In response to DNA double-strand breaks, ATM phosphorylates downstream proteins involved in cell-cycle checkpoint arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Here we investigate the frequency, and influence of ATM deficiency on outcome, in early-resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tissue microarrays, containing 165 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded resected NSCLC tumours from patients diagnosed at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada, between 2003 and 2006, were analyzed for ATM expression using quantitative fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Both malignant cell-specific ATM expression and the ratio of ATM expression within malignant tumour cells compared to that in the surrounding tumour stroma, defined as the ATM expression index (ATM-EI), were measured and correlated with clinical outcome. ATM loss was identified in 21.8% of patients, and was unaffected by clinical pathological variables. Patients with low ATM-EI tumours had worse survival outcomes compared to those with high ATM-EI (p < 0.01). This effect was pronounced in stage II/III patients, even after adjusting for other clinical co-variates (p < 0.001). Additionally, we provide evidence that ATM-deficient patients may derive greater benefit from guideline-recommended adjuvant chemotherapy following surgical resection. Taken together, these results indicate that ATM loss seems to be an early event in NSCLC carcinogenesis and is an independent prognostic factor associated with worse survival in stage II/III patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars F Petersen
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2
| | - Alexander C Klimowicz
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2.,Present Address: Immunology and Inflammation Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield CT, 06877, USA
| | - Shannon Otsuka
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2
| | - Anifat A Elegbede
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2
| | - Stephanie K Petrillo
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2
| | - Tyler Williamson
- Department of Community Health Sciences, TRW Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4Z6
| | - Chris T Williamson
- Gene Function Lab, The Institute for Cancer Research, London, UK, SW3 6JB
| | - Mie Konno
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2
| | - Susan P Lees-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, HRIC Building, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4Z6
| | - Desiree Hao
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2
| | - Don Morris
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2.,Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - D Gwyn Bebb
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2
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18
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Kane JM, Magliocco A, Zhang Q, Wang D, Klimowicz A, Harris J, Simko J, DeLaney T, Kraybill W, Kirsch DG. Correlation of High-Risk Soft Tissue Sarcoma Biomarker Expression Patterns with Outcome following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation. Sarcoma 2018; 2018:8310950. [PMID: 29681762 PMCID: PMC5851029 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8310950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoma mortality remains high despite adjuvant chemotherapy. Biomarker predictors of treatment response and outcome could improve treatment selection. METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were created using pre- and posttreatment tumor from two prospective trials (MGH pilot and RTOG 9514) of neoadjuvant/adjuvant MAID chemotherapy and preoperative radiation. Biomarkers were measured using automated computerized imaging (AQUA or ACIS). Expression was correlated with disease-free survival (DFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Specimens from 60 patients included 23 pretreatment (PRE), 40 posttreatment (POST), and 12 matched pairs (MPs). In the MP set, CAIX, GLUT1, and PARP1 expression significantly decreased following neoadjuvant therapy, but p53 nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio increased. In the PRE set, no biomarker expression was associated with DFS, DDFS, or OS. In the POST set, increased p53 N/C ratio was associated with a significantly decreased DFS and DDFS (HR 4.13, p=0.017; HR 4.16, p=0.016), while increased ERCC1 and XPF expression were associated with an improved DFS and DDFS. No POST biomarkers were associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS PRE biomarker expression did not predict survival outcomes. Expression pattern changes after neoadjuvant chemoradiation supports the concepts of tumor reoxygenation, altered HIF-1α signaling, and a p53 nuclear accumulation DNA damage response. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NRG Oncology RTOG 9514 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. The ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier is NCT00002791.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dian Wang
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Harris
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff Simko
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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19
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Cav3.1 overexpression is associated with negative characteristics and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8573-8583. [PMID: 29492218 PMCID: PMC5823575 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) have been found to be differentially expressed in several different tumor types, but their role in tumor growth, malignant invasion, metastases and impact on clinical outcomes has not been clarified. Materials and Methods From a cohort database of 193 patients with early-stage NSCLC, 163 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens were available for analysis to construct tissue microarrays. Cav3.1 protein expression was detected using fluorescence immunohistochemistry, and quantified using automated image acquisition and analysis. Results Among the cohort of 193 NSCLC patients, adenocarcinoma (53.9%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (30.1%) were the most common histologies. There was no difference between SCC and non-SCC subtypes in overall survival (OS) or relapse-free survival (RFS); 74.2 vs 90.1 months (p = 0.543) and 48.8 vs 52.6 months (p = 0.766), respectively. T-type VGCC 3.1 (Cav3.1) overexpression was assessed by tissue microarray immunohistochemistry analysis from 163 available patient samples. Eighteen (11.0%) NSCLC primaries were found to have Cav3.1 overexpression levels, and were significantly associated with SCC histology (p < 0.001), larger tumor size (p < 0.001) and later stage disease at diagnosis (p = 0.019). Median OS was 48.6 vs 106.7 months for Cav3.1 overexpressing and non-overexpressing patients, respectively (p = 0.032). Regression analysis revealed a significantly negative effect for Cav3.1 overexpression on RFS (Hazard ratio [HR] = 2.02, p = 0.048). Conclusions Cav3.1 overexpression is a potential biomarker for poorer patient outcomes. These results bring supportive evidence for calcium channels inducing an aggressive phenotype in NSCLC and potentially may serve as a therapeutic target in overexpressing tumors.
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20
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Lawrence YR, Moughan J, Magliocco AM, Klimowicz AC, Regine WF, Mowat RB, DiPetrillo TA, Small W, Simko JP, Golan T, Winter KA, Guha C, Crane CH, Dicker AP. Expression of the DNA repair gene MLH1 correlates with survival in patients who have resected pancreatic cancer and have received adjuvant chemoradiation: NRG Oncology RTOG Study 9704. Cancer 2017; 124:491-498. [PMID: 29053185 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of patients with pancreatic cancer who undergo curative resection experience rapid disease recurrence. In previous small studies, high expression of the mismatch-repair protein mutL protein homolog 1 (MLH1) in pancreatic cancers was associated with better outcomes. The objective of this study was to validate the association between MLH1 expression and survival in patients who underwent resection of pancreatic cancer and received adjuvant chemoradiation. METHODS Samples were obtained from the NRG Oncology Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9704 prospective, randomized trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00003216), which compared 2 adjuvant protocols in patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent resection. Tissue microarrays were prepared from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, resected tumor tissues. MLH1 expression was quantified using fluorescence immunohistochemistry and automated quantitative analysis, and expression was dichotomized above and below the median value. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining was successfully performed on 117 patients for MLH1 (60 and 57 patients from the 2 arms). The characteristics of the participants who had tissue samples available were similar to those of the trial population as a whole. At the time of analysis, 84% of participants had died, with a median survival of 17 months. Elevated MLH1 expression levels in tumor nuclei were significantly correlated with longer disease-free and overall survival in each arm individually and in both arms combined. Two-year overall survival was 16% in patients who had low MLH1 expression levels and 53% in those who had high MLH1 expression levels (P < .0001 for both arms combined). This association remained true on a multivariate analysis that allowed for lymph node status (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.63; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS In the current sample, MLH1 expression was correlated with long-term survival. Further studies should assess whether MLH1 expression predicts which patients with localized pancreatic cancer may benefit most from aggressive, multimodality treatment. Cancer 2018;124:491-8. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaacov R Lawrence
- Department of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Moughan
- Statistics and Data Management Center, NRG Oncology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | | | - Thomas A DiPetrillo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital/The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode, Island
| | - William Small
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffry P Simko
- Department of Pathology, University of California-San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Talia Golan
- Department of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Kathryn A Winter
- Statistics and Data Management Center, NRG Oncology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Targeting the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis with the peptide antagonist E5 to inhibit breast tumor progression. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017; 2:17033. [PMID: 29263923 PMCID: PMC5661635 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its cognate receptor CXCR4 have critical roles in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we demonstrated the significant inhibitory effects of a novel chemically synthetic peptide (E5) on the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. E5 was capable of specifically binding to the murine breast cancer cell line 4T1, remarkably inhibiting CXCL12- or stromal cell (MS-5)-induced migration, and adhesion and sensitizing 4T1 cells to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, E5 combined with either paclitaxel or cyclophosphamide significantly inhibited tumor growth in a breast cancer model. Mechanistic studies implied that E5 can inhibit the expression of CXCR4 to block the CXCL12-mediated recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells and repress CXCR4 downstream of the Akt and Erk signaling pathway, which are involved in tumor angiogenesis and progression. Further pharmacokinetic evaluation suggested that E5 has an acceptable stability, with a half-life of 10 h in healthy mice. In conclusion, E5 demonstrates a promising anti-tumor effect and could be a potential chemotherapeutic sensitizer to improve current clinical breast cancer therapies.
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22
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Hobbs AJ, Brockton NT, Matthews TW, Chandarana SP, Bose P, Guggisberg K, Fick GH, Dort JC. Primary treatment for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Alberta, Canada: A population-based study. Head Neck 2017; 39:2187-2199. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. Hobbs
- Department of Community Health Sciences; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
- The Ohlson Research Initiative; Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Nigel T. Brockton
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services; Calgary Alberta Canada
- The Ohlson Research Initiative; Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - T. Wayne Matthews
- Department of Surgery; Section of Otolaryngology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
- The Ohlson Research Initiative; Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Shamir P. Chandarana
- Department of Surgery; Section of Otolaryngology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
- The Ohlson Research Initiative; Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Department of Surgery; Section of Otolaryngology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
- The Ohlson Research Initiative; Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Kelly Guggisberg
- The Ohlson Research Initiative; Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology; Calgary Laboratory Services, Rockyview General Hospital; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Gordon H. Fick
- Department of Community Health Sciences; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Joseph C. Dort
- Department of Community Health Sciences; Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
- Department of Surgery; Section of Otolaryngology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
- The Ohlson Research Initiative; Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
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23
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Weiss ID, Huff LM, Evbuomwan MO, Xu X, Dang HD, Velez DS, Singh SP, Zhang HH, Gardina PJ, Lee JH, Lindenberg L, Myers TG, Paik CH, Schrump DS, Pittaluga S, Choyke PL, Fojo T, Farber JM. Screening of cancer tissue arrays identifies CXCR4 on adrenocortical carcinoma: correlates with expression and quantification on metastases using 64Cu-plerixafor PET. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73387-73406. [PMID: 29088715 PMCID: PMC5650270 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by many cancers correlates with aggressive clinical behavior. As part of the initial studies in a project whose goal was to quantify CXCR4 expression on cancers non-invasively, we examined CXCR4 expression in cancer samples by immunohistochemistry using a validated anti-CXCR4 antibody. Among solid tumors, we found expression of CXCR4 on significant percentages of major types of kidney, lung, and pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and, notably, on metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. We found particularly high expression of CXCR4 on adrenocortical cancer (ACC) metastases. Microarrays of ACC metastases revealed correlations between expression of CXCR4 and other chemokine system genes, particularly CXCR7/ACKR3, which encodes an atypical chemokine receptor that shares a ligand, CXCL12, with CXCR4. A first-in-human study using 64Cu-plerixafor for PET in an ACC patient prior to resection of metastases showed heterogeneity among metastatic nodules and good correlations among PET SUVs, CXCR4 staining, and CXCR4 mRNA. Additionally, we were able to show that CXCR4 expression correlated with the rates of growth of the pulmonary lesions in this patient. Further studies are needed to understand better the role of CXCR4 in ACC and whether targeting it may be beneficial. In this regard, non-invasive methods for assessing CXCR4 expression, such as PET using 64Cu-plerixafor, should be important investigative tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido D Weiss
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lyn M Huff
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Moses O Evbuomwan
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Duc Dang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S Velez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Satya P Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongwei H Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul J Gardina
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jae-Ho Lee
- Radiopharmaceutical Laboratory, Nuclear Medicine Division, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liza Lindenberg
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy G Myers
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chang H Paik
- Radiopharmaceutical Laboratory, Nuclear Medicine Division, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Epigenetics Section, Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tito Fojo
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua M Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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De-Colle C, Mönnich D, Welz S, Boeke S, Sipos B, Fend F, Mauz PS, Tinhofer I, Budach V, Jawad JA, Stuschke M, Balermpas P, Rödel C, Grosu AL, Abdollahi A, Debus J, Bayer C, Belka C, Pigorsch S, Combs SE, Lohaus F, Linge A, Krause M, Baumann M, Zips D, Menegakis A. SDF-1/CXCR4 expression in head and neck cancer and outcome after postoperative radiochemotherapy. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 5:28-36. [PMID: 29594214 PMCID: PMC5833920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Outcome after postoperative radiochemotherapy (RT-CT) for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) remains unsatisfactory, especially among those with HPV negative tumours. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed to further define subgroups for individualised therapeutic approaches. Preclinical and first clinical observations showed that the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1 (CXCL12) play an important role in tumour cell proliferation, survival, cancer progression, metastasis and treatment resistance. However, the data on the prognostic value of SDF-1/CXCR4 expression for HNSCC are conflicting. The aim of our hypothesis-generating study was to retrospectively explore the prognostic potential of SDF-1/CXCR4 in a well-defined cohort of HNSCC patients collected within the multicenter biomarker study of the German Cancer Consortium Radiation Oncology Group (DKTK-ROG). MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with stage III and IVA HNSCC of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx were treated with resection and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) with ≥60 Gy and concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT). Tissue micro-arrays (TMAs) from a total of 221 patients were generated from surgical specimens, 201 evaluated for the SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression by immunofluorescence and correlated with clinico-pathological and outcome data. RESULTS In univariate and multivariate analyses intracellular SDF-1 expression was associated with lower loco-regional control (LRC) in the entire patient group as well as in the HPV16 DNA negative subgroup. CXCR4 expression showed a trend for lower LRC in the univariate analysis which was not confirmed in the multivariate analysis. Neither for SDF-1 nor CXCR4 expression associations with distant metastasis free or overall survival were found. CONCLUSIONS Our exploratory data support the hypothesis that overexpression of intracellular SDF-1 is an independent negative prognostic biomarker for LRC after postoperative RT-CT in high-risk HNSCC. Prospective validation is warranted and further exploration of SDF-1/CXCR4 as a potential therapeutic target to overcome treatment resistance in HNSCC appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De-Colle
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Mönnich
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Welz
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Boeke
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul-Stefan Mauz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Inge Tinhofer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Budach
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jehad Abu Jawad
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Balermpas
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claus Rödel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
- Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
- Translational Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
- Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Christine Bayer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffi Pigorsch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Institute for Innovative Radiation Therapy in Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Institute for Innovative Radiation Therapy in Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohaus
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Apostolos Menegakis
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Sleightholm RL, Neilsen BK, Li J, Steele MM, Singh RK, Hollingsworth MA, Oupicky D. Emerging roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in pancreatic cancer progression and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:158-170. [PMID: 28549596 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine networks regulate a variety of cellular, physiological, and immune processes. These normal functions can become appropriated by cancer cells to facilitate a more hospitable niche for aberrant cells by enhancing growth, proliferation, and metastasis. This is especially true in pancreatic cancer, where chemokine signaling is a vital component in the development of the supportive tumor microenvironment and the signaling between the cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells. Although expression patterns vary among cancer types, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been implicated in nearly every major malignancy and plays a prominent role in pancreatic cancer development and progression. This receptor, in conjunction with its primary chemokine ligand CXCL12, promotes pancreatic cancer development, invasion, and metastasis through the management of the tumor microenvironment via complex crosstalk with other pathways. Thus, CXCR4 likely contributes to the poor prognoses observed in patients afflicted with this malignancy. Recent exploration of combination therapies with CXCR4 antagonists have demonstrated improved outcomes, and abolishing the contribution of this pathway may prove crucial to effectively treat pancreatic cancer at both the primary tumor and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Sleightholm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Beth K Neilsen
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maria M Steele
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupicky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Usó M, Jantus-Lewintre E, Calabuig-Fariñas S, Blasco A, García Del Olmo E, Guijarro R, Martorell M, Camps C, Sirera R. Analysis of the prognostic role of an immune checkpoint score in resected non-small cell lung cancer patients. Oncoimmunology 2016; 6:e1260214. [PMID: 28197383 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1260214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors develop mechanisms to recruit tolerogenic immune cells and to induce the expression of molecules that act as immune checkpoints. This regulation of the immune microenvironment favors immune tolerance to the neoplastic cells. In this study, we have investigated the prognostic role of immune-checkpoint expression markers in a cohort of resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. RNA was isolated from fresh-frozen lung specimens (tumor and normal lung) (n = 178). RTqPCR was performed to analyze the relative expression of 20 immune-related genes that were normalized by the use of endogenous genes selected by GeNorm algorithm. Patients with higher expression levels of IL23A and LGALS2 presented better outcomes. In the clustering expression patterns, we observed that patients with higher expression of immunoregulatory genes had better survival rates. Additionally, these data were used to develop a gene expression score. Since CTLA4 and PD1 were associated with prognosis based on Cox regression analysis (Z-score > 1.5), a multivariate model including these two genes was created. Absolute regression coefficients from this analysis were used in order to calculate the immune-checkpoint score: (PD1×0.116) + (CTLA4×0.059) for each case. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high immune-checkpoint score have longer overall survival (OS) [NR vs. 40.4 mo, p = 0.008] and longer relapse-free survival (RFS) [82.6 vs. 23 mo, p = 0.009]. Multivariate analysis in the entire cohort indicated that the immune-checkpoint score was an independent biomarker of prognosis for OS [HR: 0.308; 95% CI, 0.156-0.609; p = 0.001] and RFS [HR: 0.527; 95% CI, 0.298-0.933; p = 0.028] in early-stage NSCLC patients. In conclusion, this score provides relevant prognostic information for a better characterization of early stage NSCLS patients with strikingly different outcomes and who may be candidates for immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Usó
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eloísa Jantus-Lewintre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Calabuig-Fariñas
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pathology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Blasco
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva García Del Olmo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Guijarro
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Martorell
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Camps
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Sirera
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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27
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Drug-resistant CXCR4-positive cells have the molecular characteristics of EMT in NSCLC. Gene 2016; 594:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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28
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Kaemmerer D, Träger T, Hoffmeister M, Sipos B, Hommann M, Sänger J, Schulz S, Lupp A. Inverse expression of somatostatin and CXCR4 chemokine receptors in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms of different malignancy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27566-79. [PMID: 26259237 PMCID: PMC4695009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Somatostatin receptors (SSTR) are widely distributed in well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) and serve as primary targets for diagnostics and treatment. An overexpression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, in contrast, is considered to be present mainly in highly proliferative and advanced tumors. Comparative data are still lacking, however, for neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). METHODS SSTR subtype (1, 2A, 3, 5) and CXCR4 expression was evaluated in G1 (n = 31), G2 (n = 47), and low (G3a; Ki-67: 21-49%; n = 21) and highly proliferative (G3b; Ki-67: >50%, n = 22) G3 (total n = 43) gastroenteropancreatic NEN samples by performing immunohistochemistry with monoclonal rabbit anti-human anti-SSTR and anti-CXCR4 antibodies, respectively, and was correlated with clinical data. RESULTS Both CXCR4 and SSTR were widely expressed in all tumors investigated. CXCR4 expression differed significantly between the G1 and G3 specimens and within the G3 group (G3a to G3b), and was positively correlated with Ki-67 expression. SSTR2A, in contrast, exhibited an inverse association with Ki-67. SSTR2A was highly expressed in G1 and G2 tumors, but was significantly less abundant in G3 carcinomas. Additionally, SSTR1 expression was higher in G3a than in G3b tumors. CONCLUSION We observed an elevation in CXCR4 and a decrease in SSTR2A expression with increasing malignancy. Interestingly, 23% of the G3 specimens had strong SSTR2A expression. Because CXCR4 was strongly expressed in highly proliferative G3 carcinomas, it is an interesting new target and needs to be validated in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kaemmerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Tina Träger
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Merten Hommann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Jörg Sänger
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Sterlacci W, Fiegl M, Droeser RA, Tzankov A. Expression of PD-L1 Identifies a Subgroup of More Aggressive Non-Small Cell Carcinomas of the Lung. Pathobiology 2016; 83:267-75. [PMID: 27225345 DOI: 10.1159/000444804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In light of various trials showing impressive response rates when treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with anti PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, the currently equivocal role of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC is in need of further clarification. METHODS We therefore analyzed the expression of PD-L1 on 293 well-documented NSCLC cases and correlated the results with clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. RESULTS The expression of PD-L1 on NSCLC was a poor prognostic factor for patients with nodal-negative adenocarcinoma (ACA) and, independent of other covariates, in tumors with increased CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Expression of PD-L1 was more commonly seen in ACA and in male patients with a past and current smoking history. Finally, PD-L1+ TILs were more often found in squamous and large cell carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS Should the expression of PD-L1 be on the verge of becoming an additional biomarker for routine diagnostics in NSCLC, our findings will provide important further insight and could contribute towards more effectively stratifying patients. These results may single out certain patient groups with a potential for increased benefit from anti PD-1/PD-L1 treatment strategies and should be considered in future trials.
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30
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Choi WT, Yang Y, Xu Y, An J. Targeting chemokine receptor CXCR4 for treatment of HIV-1 infection, tumor progression, and metastasis. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 14:1574-89. [PMID: 25159167 DOI: 10.2174/1568026614666140827143541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is required for the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into target cells and for the development and dissemination of various types of cancers, including gastrointestinal, cutaneous, head and neck, pulmonary, gynecological, genitourinary, neurological, and hematological malignancies. The T-cell (T)-tropic HIV-1 strains use CXCR4 as the entry coreceptor; consequently, multiple CXCR4 antagonistic inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, other potential applications of CXCR4 antagonists have become apparent since its discovery in 1996. In fact, increasing evidence demonstrates that epithelial and hematopoietic tumor cells exploit the interaction between CXCR4 and its natural ligand, stromal cellderived factor (SDF)-1α, which normally regulates leukocyte migration. The CXCR4 and/or SDF-1α expression patterns in tumor cells also determine the sites of metastatic spread. In addition, the activation of CXCR4 by SDF-1α promotes invasion and proliferation of tumor cells, enhances tumor-associated neoangiogenesis, and assists in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. As such, the evaluation of CXCR4 and/or SDF-1α expression levels has a significant prognostic value in various types of malignancies. Several therapeutic challenges remain to be overcome before the use of CXCR4 inhibitors can be translated into clinical practice, but promising preclinical data demonstrate that CXCR4 antagonists can mobilize tumor cells from their protective microenvironments, interfere with their metastatic and tumorigenic potentials, and/or make tumor cells more susceptible to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing An
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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31
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Oncogenic roles and drug target of CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in lung cancer and cancer stem cell. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8515-28. [PMID: 27079871 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the great progress has been made in diagnosis and therapeutic in lung cancer, it induces the most cancer death worldwide in both males and females. Chemokines, which have chemotactic abilities, contain up to 50 family members. By binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), holding seven-transmembrane domain, they function in immune cell trafficking and regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, activation, and migration, homing under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. The alpha-chemokine receptor CXCR4 for the alpha-chemokine stromal cell-derived-factor-1 (SDF-1) is most widely expressed by tumors. In addition to human tissues of the bone marrow, liver, adrenal glands, and brain, the CXC chemokine SDF-1 or CXCL12 is also highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and is associated with lung metastasis. Lung cancer cells have the capabilities to utilize and manipulate the CXCL12/CXCR system to benefit growth and distant spread. CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is a major culprit for lung cancer and has a crucial role in lung cancer initiation and progression by activating cancer stem cell. This review provides an evaluation of CXCL12/CXCR4 as the potential therapeutic target for lung cancers; it also focuses on the synergistic effects of inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and immunotherapy as well as chemotherapy. Together, CXCL12/CXCR4 axis can be a potential therapeutic target for lung cancers and has additive effects with immunotherapy.
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Li J, Guan J, Long X, Wang Y, Xiang X. mir-1-mediated paracrine effect of cancer-associated fibroblasts on lung cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3523-31. [PMID: 27035564 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in humans worldwide. Moreover, the overall 5-year survival rate is only 15%. Pathologically almost 80% of all lung cancer cases are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been found to exist in a large number of NSCLCs. CAFs have been proven to promote tumor progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy through paracrine effects in most solid tumors. In the present study, firstly we isolated CAFs from patient tissues and demonstrated that they promoted cell proliferation and chemoresistance to cisplatin in the lung cancer cell lines A549 and 95D in a paracrine manner. Secondly, using ELISA and quantative PCR, we found that a higher amount of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) existed in the CAFs rather than that observed in the normal fibroblasts (NFs). Thirdly, we detected that SDF-1 facilitated lung cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance via the CXCR4-mediated signaling pathway which involved NF-κB and Bcl-xL. Moreover, we also confirmed that the expression level of SDF-1 in the CAFs was negatively regulated by microRNA mir-1 through microRNA overexpression and quantitative PCR. Overall, our data provide one explanation for the effects of CAFs on lung cancer cells. Meanwhile, our results also suggest CAFs as a potential therapeutic target in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Long
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Xiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Kaemmerer D, Reimann C, Specht E, Wirtz RM, Sayeg M, Baum RP, Schulz S, Lupp A. Differential expression and prognostic value of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3346-58. [PMID: 25671300 PMCID: PMC4413658 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction For many tumors, the overexpression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is associated with increased malignancy and poor patient outcomes. However, comprehensive data for neuroendocrine neoplasms of the lung are still lacking. Methods CXCR4 expression was evaluated in a panel of bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (BP-NEN) comprising typical carcinoids (n = 26), atypical carcinoids (n = 30), and small cell lung cancers (SCLC, n = 34). Samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using the novel monoclonal rabbit anti-human CXCR4 antibody UMB-2 and by qRT-PCR. The expression was correlated with clinical data and overall patient survival. Results CXCR4 was predominantly localized at the plasma membrane of the tumor cells. CXCR4 was expressed with a high intensity in almost all of the 30 SCLC samples. In contrast, it was detected infrequently and with low intensity in the typical carcinoid and atypical carcinoid samples. There was a significant correlation between the immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR data. Additionally, there was a significant negative relationship between CXCR4 expression and overall survival. Conclusions With increasing malignancy, BP-NEN clearly differ in the extent of CXCR4 expression. As in other tumor entities, CXCR4 overexpression significantly correlates with negative patient outcome. Due to its particular high expression rate in SCLC, CXCR4 may serve as a promising new target for diagnostic and pharmacological intervention as well as for peptide receptor-based radionuclide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kaemmerer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Christiane Reimann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Elisa Specht
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralph M Wirtz
- Stratifyer Molecular Pathology GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manal Sayeg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Richard P Baum
- Department of Molecular Radiotherapy and Molecular Imaging, Center for PET/CT, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Lupp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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CXCR4 over-expression and survival in cancer: a system review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5022-40. [PMID: 25669980 PMCID: PMC4467131 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is frequently over-expressed in various types of cancer; many agents against CXCR4 are in clinical development currently despite variable data for the prognostic impact of CXCR4 expression. Here eighty-five studies with a total of 11,032 subjects were included to explore the association between CXCR4 and progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) in subjects with cancer. Pooled analysis shows that CXCR4 over-expression is significantly associated with poorer PFS (HR 2.04; 95% CI, 1.72-2.42) and OS (HR=1.94; 95% CI, 1.71-2.20) irrespective of cancer types. Subgroup analysis indicates significant association between CXCR4 and shorter PFS in hematological malignancy, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, renal cancer, gynecologic cancer, pancreatic cancer and liver cancer; the prognostic effects remained consistent across age, risk of bias, levels of adjustment, median follow-up period, geographical area, detection methods, publication year and size of studies. CXCR4 over-expression predicts unfavorable OS in hematological malignancy, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, renal cancer, lung cancer, gynecologic cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer and gallbladder cancer; these effects were independence of age, levels of adjustment, publication year, detection methods and follow-up period. In conclusion, CXCR4 over-expression is associated with poor prognosis in cancer.
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Expression of the CXCR4 ligand SDF-1/CXCL12 is prognostically important for adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma of the lung. Virchows Arch 2016; 468:463-71. [PMID: 26818832 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis is associated with tumor progression and has been reported as a prognostic parameter, although with conflicting data for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study examines a large cohort of clinically and pathologically well-characterized NSCLC patients and includes the activated form of CXCR4 (pCXCR4), which has not been studied in this context so far. SDF-1, CXCR4, and pCXCR4 were assessed immunohistochemically in 371 surgically resected NSCLC using a standardized tissue microarray platform. Extensive clinical and pathological data and a postoperative follow-up period of 17 years enabled detailed correlations. CXCR4 and pCXCR4 were frequently expressed on squamous cell carcinoma. Membranous expression of SDF-1 was a marker of poor prognosis and proved to be an independent prognostic parameter for the entire cohort and for patients with adenocarcinoma (ACA) and large cell carcinoma (LCC). Targeted cancer therapies blocking SDF-1/CXCR4 interaction already exist, and our data suggest that expression of SDF-1, especially on poorer prognosis subgroups of LCC and ACA, indicates patients that might benefit more than others. This should be taken into account when assessing the effectiveness of such targeted approaches for NSCLC patients and could lead to important implications.
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George GPC, Pisaneschi F, Nguyen QD, Aboagye EO. Positron emission tomographic imaging of CXCR4 in cancer: challenges and promises. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [PMID: 25341373 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is an attractive platform for noninvasive detection and assessment of cancer. In recent years, the targeted imaging of the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), a chemokine receptor that has been associated with tumor metastasis, has become an area of intensive research. This review article focuses on positron emission tomography (PET) and aims to provide useful and critical insights into the application of PET to characterize CXCR4 expression, including the chemical, radiosynthetic, and biological requirements for PET radiotracers. This discussion is informed by a summary of the different approaches taken so far and a comparison of their clinical translation. Finally, our expert opinions as to potential future advances in the field are expressed.
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HuR-targeted nanotherapy in combination with AMD3100 suppresses CXCR4 expression, cell growth, migration and invasion in lung cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:581-90. [PMID: 26494555 PMCID: PMC4679684 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The CXCR4 chemokine receptor plays an important role in cancer cell metastasis. The CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, has limited efficacy in controlling metastasis. HuR, an RNA-binding protein, regulates CXCR4 in cancer cells. We therefore investigated whether targeting HuR using a siRNA-based nanoparticle plus AMD3100 would suppress CXCR4 and inhibit lung cancer metastasis. We treated human H1299 lung cancer cell with HuR-specific siRNA contained in a folate-targeted lipid nanoparticle (HuR-FNP) plus AMD3100, and compared this with AMD3100 alone, HuR-FNP alone and no treatment. HuR-FNP plus AMD3100 treatment produced a G1 phase cell-cycle arrest and reduced cell viability above and beyond the effects of AMD3100 alone. HuR and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression levels were markedly reduced in all treatment groups. Phosphorylated (p) AKTS473 protein was also reduced. P27 protein expression increased with HuR-FNP and combination treatment. Promoter-based reporter studies showed that the combination inhibited CXCR4 promoter activity more than did either treatment alone. Cell migration and invasion was significantly reduced with all treatment; the combination provided the most inhibition. Reduced matrix metalloprotease (MMP) -2 and -9 expression was associated with reduced invasion in all treatment groups. Thus, we found that combined HuR and CXCR4 targeting effectively controlled lung cancer metastasis.
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Rivas-Fuentes S, Salgado-Aguayo A, Pertuz Belloso S, Gorocica Rosete P, Alvarado-Vásquez N, Aquino-Jarquin G. Role of Chemokines in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Angiogenesis and Inflammation. J Cancer 2015; 6:938-52. [PMID: 26316890 PMCID: PMC4543754 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of aggressive cancer. The tumor tissue, which shows an active angiogenesis, is composed of neoplastic and stromal cells, and an abundant inflammatory infiltrate. Angiogenesis is important to support tumor growth, while infiltrating cells contribute to the tumor microenvironment through the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, important molecules in the progression of the disease. Chemokines are important in development, activation of the immune response, and physiological angiogenesis. Chemokines have emerged as important regulators in the pathophysiology of cancer. These molecules are involved in the angiogenesis/angiostasis balance and in the recruitment of tumor infiltrating hematopoietic cells. In addition, chemokines promote tumor cell survival, as well as the directing and establishment of tumor cells to metastasis sites. The findings summarized here emphasize the central role of chemokines as modulators of tumor angiogenesis and their potential role as therapeutic targets in the inflammatory process of NSCLC angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Rivas-Fuentes
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Salgado-Aguayo
- 2. Laboratory of Research on Rheumatic Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvana Pertuz Belloso
- 3. Department of Comparative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Gorocica Rosete
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Noé Alvarado-Vásquez
- 1. Department of Biochemistry Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Aquino-Jarquin
- 4. Laboratory of Research on Genomics, Genetics and Bioinformatics. Tower of Haemato-oncology, Children´s Hospital of Mexico “Federico Gomez”, Mexico City, Mexico
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Zhang C, Li J, Han Y, Jiang J. A meta-analysis for CXCR4 as a prognostic marker and potential drug target in non-small cell lung cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:3267-78. [PMID: 26150700 PMCID: PMC4484670 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s81564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent reports have shown that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a candidate oncogene in several types of human tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the correlation between CXCR4 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC remains controversial and has not been emphasized. The aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the association of CXCR4 expression with the incidence of NSCLC and clinicopathological characteristics by performing a meta-analysis. Methods A detailed literature search was carried out for related research publications. Only articles in which CXCR4 expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining were included. Odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and summarized. Results Final analysis of 1,872 NSCLC patients from 19 eligible studies was performed. We observed that CXCR4 expression was significantly higher in NSCLC than in normal lung tissue, based on the pooled OR from ten studies, including 678 NSCLCs and 189 normal lung tissues (OR =16.66, 95% CI =6.94–40.02, P<0.00001). CXCR4 expression was also significantly associated with clinical stages, metastatic status, and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients. In addition, CXCR4 mRNA high expression was found to correlate with worse OS of all NSCLC patients followed for 20 years, HR =1.24, P=0.0047. Conclusion The present meta-analysis indicated that CXCR4 protein expression is associated with an increased risk and worse survival in NSCLC patients. The aberrant CXCR4 protein and mRNA expression play an important role in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Chemokines mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes related primarily to cell homing and migration. The chemokine CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived factor-1, binds the G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR4, which, through multiple divergent pathways, leads to chemotaxis, enhanced intracellular calcium, cell adhesion, survival, proliferation, and gene transcription. CXCR4, initially discovered for its involvement in HIV entry and leukocytes trafficking, is overexpressed in more than 23 human cancers. Cancer cell CXCR4 overexpression contributes to tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, relapse, and therapeutic resistance. CXCR4 antagonism has been shown to disrupt tumor-stromal interactions, sensitize cancer cells to cytotoxic drugs, and reduce tumor growth and metastatic burden. As such, CXCR4 is a target not only for therapeutic intervention but also for noninvasive monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic guidance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biological involvement of CXCR4 in human cancers, the current status of CXCR4-based therapeutic approaches, as well as recent advances in noninvasive imaging of CXCR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit Chatterjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Babak Behnam Azad
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Feng X, Li H, Dean M, Wilson HE, Kornaga E, Enwere EK, Tang P, Paterson A, Lees-Miller SP, Magliocco AM, Bebb G. Low ATM protein expression in malignant tumor as well as cancer-associated stroma are independent prognostic factors in a retrospective study of early-stage hormone-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:65. [PMID: 25935535 PMCID: PMC4453198 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The serine/threonine protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is critical in maintaining genomic integrity. Upon DNA double-strand breaks, ATM phosphorylates key downstream proteins including p53 and BRCA1/2, thereby orchestrating complex signaling pathways involved in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence and apoptosis. Although sporadic mutation of ATM occurs rarely in breast cancer, the status of its protein expression and its clinical significance in breast cancer remain not well established. Our study was designed to investigate the influence of ATM protein in both tumor and cancer-associated stroma on clinical outcome in hormone-positive (HPBC) and hormone-negative (HNBC) early-stage breast cancer (EBC). METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMAs), containing formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded resected tumors from two cohorts of patients (HPBC cohort: n=130; HNBC cohort: n=168) diagnosed at the Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Canada, were analyzed for ATM protein expression using fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) and automated quantitative analysis (AQUA). ATM expression levels were measured within the tumor as a whole (tATM) as indicated by pan-cytokeratin expression, tumor nuclear compartment (nATM) as indicated by both DAPI and pan-cytokeratin-positive results, and cancer-associated stroma (csATM) as indicated by vimentin-positive and pan-cytokeratin-negative results. ATM expression levels within these compartments were correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS While tATM and nATM were significantly lower in tumors compared to normal breast epithelial tissues, csATM was significantly higher than the corresponding normal tissue compartment. In addition, the median expression level of both tATM and nATM were two- to threefold lower (P<0.001) in HNBC than in HPBC. In both HNBC and HPBC cohorts, patients with low tATM, nATM and csATM tumors had significantly poorer survival outcomes than those with a high tATM, nATM and csATM, but this effect was more pronounced in HNBC. A multivariate analysis demonstrates that these biomarkers predict survival independent of tumor size and lymph node status, but only in the HNBC cohort (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Low ATM protein expression in both malignant tumor and stromal compartments likely contributes to the aggressive nature of breast cancer and is an independent prognostic factor associated with worse survival in HNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Feng
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Haocheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Department of Community Health Science, TRW Building, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Michelle Dean
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Holly E Wilson
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Kornaga
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Emeka K Enwere
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Patricia Tang
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Alexander Paterson
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
| | - Susan P Lees-Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Building, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada.
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Functional Tissue Imaging Unit, Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Translational Research Laboratory, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, 1331 29 Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Gwyn Bebb
- Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre and University of Calgary, 1331 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N2, Canada.
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Panneerselvam J, Jin J, Shanker M, Lauderdale J, Bates J, Wang Q, Zhao YD, Archibald SJ, Hubin TJ, Ramesh R. IL-24 inhibits lung cancer cell migration and invasion by disrupting the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling axis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122439. [PMID: 25775124 PMCID: PMC4361489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The stromal cell derived factor (SDF)-1/chemokine receptor (CXCR)-4 signaling pathway plays a key role in lung cancer metastasis and is molecular target for therapy. In the present study we investigated whether interleukin (IL)-24 can inhibit the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and suppress lung cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Further, the efficacy of IL-24 in combination with CXCR4 antagonists was investigated. Methods Human H1299, A549, H460 and HCC827 lung cancer cell lines were used in the present study. The H1299 lung cancer cell line was stably transfected with doxycycline-inducible plasmid expression vector carrying the human IL-24 cDNA and used in the present study to determine the inhibitory effects of IL-24 on SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. H1299 and A549 cell lines were used in transient transfection studies. The inhibitory effects of IL-24 on SDF1/CXCR4 and its downstream targets were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, luciferase reporter assay, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Functional studies included cell migration and invasion assays. Principal Findings Endogenous CXCR4 protein expression levels varied among the four human lung cancer cell lines. Doxycycline-induced IL-24 expression in the H1299-IL24 cell line resulted in reduced CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression. IL-24 post-transcriptionally regulated CXCR4 mRNA expression by decreasing the half-life of CXCR4 mRNA (>40%). Functional studies showed IL-24 inhibited tumor cell migration and invasion concomitant with reduction in CXCR4 and its downstream targets (pAKTS473, pmTORS2448, pPRAS40T246 and HIF-1α). Additionally, IL-24 inhibited tumor cell migration both in the presence and absence of the CXCR4 agonist, SDF-1. Finally, IL-24 when combined with CXCR4 inhibitors (AMD3100, SJA5) or with CXCR4 siRNA demonstrated enhanced inhibitory activity on tumor cell migration. Conclusions IL-24 disrupts the SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway and inhibits lung tumor cell migration and invasion. Additionally, IL-24, when combined with CXCR4 inhibitors exhibited enhanced anti-metastatic activity and is an attractive therapeutic strategy for lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Panneerselvam
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jiankang Jin
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Manish Shanker
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jason Lauderdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Bates
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Yan D. Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | | | - Timothy J. Hubin
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RR)
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Zhou XM, He L, Hou G, Jiang B, Wang YH, Zhao L. Clinicopathological significance of CXCR4 in non-small cell lung cancer. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:1349-58. [PMID: 25834393 PMCID: PMC4357617 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s71060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence indicates that C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a candidate oncogene in several types of human tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the correlation between CXCR4 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of NSCLC remains unclear. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the association of CXCR4 expression with the incidence of NSCLC and clinicopatho-logical characteristics. Methods A detailed literature search was made from Medline and Web of Science for related research publications written in English and Chinese. The methodological quality of the studies was also evaluated. Analyses of pooled data were performed. Odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) were calculated and summarized. Results The final analysis of 1,446 NSCLC patients from 13 eligible studies was performed. We observed that CXCR4 expression was significantly higher in NSCLC than in normal lung tissue from the pooled OR from five studies including 380 NSCLC and 118 normal lung tissue (OR=12.86, 95% confidence interval =3.63–45.59, P<0.0001). CXCR4 expression was not associated with smoking status and type of pathology. However, CXCR4 expression was significantly associated with clinical stages, metastatic status, and overall survival in NSCLC patients. Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggest that CXCR4 expression is associated with an increased risk and worse survival in NSCLC patients. The aberrant CXCR4 expression plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and metastasis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan He
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-He Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Rupertus K, Sinistra J, Scheuer C, Nickels RM, Schilling MK, Menger MD, Kollmar O. Interaction of the chemokines I-TAC (CXCL11) and SDF-1 (CXCL12) in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis of colorectal cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:447-59. [PMID: 24493023 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12 has a decisive role in tumor progression by mediating pro-angiogenic and pro-metastatic effects through its receptor CXCR4. The CXCL12 pathway is connected with another chemokine, CXCL11, through its second receptor CXCR7. CXCL11 also binds to the CXCR3 receptor. CXCL11 function in tumor angiogenesis is likely receptor dependent because CXCR3 predominantly mediates angiostatic signals whereas CXCR7 mediated signaling is rather angiogenic. We therefore studied the interaction of CXCL12 and CXCL11 in an in vivo model of colorectal cancer metastasis. GFP-transfected CT26.WT colorectal cancer cells were implanted into the dorsal skinfold chamber of syngeneic BALB/c mice. The animals received either peritumoral application of CXCL11 or intraperitoneal injections with neutralizing antibodies against CXCL11, CXCL12 or both. Tumor growth characteristics, angiogenesis, cell migration, invasive tumor growth, tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis were studied by intravital fluorescence microscopy and immunohistochemistry during an observation period of 14 days. Local exposure to CXCL11 significantly stimulated tumor growth compared to controls and enhanced invasive growth characteristics without affecting tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell migration. Neither CXCL11 nor CXCL12-blockade had a significant impact on tumor growth and angiogenesis, whereas the combined neutralization of CXCL11 and CXCL12 almost completely abrogated tumor vessel formation. As a consequence, tumor growth and invasive growth characteristics were reduced compared to the other groups. The results of the present study underline the interaction of CXCL12 and CXCL11 during tumor angiogenesis. The combined blockade of both signaling pathways may provide an interesting anti-angiogenic approach for anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Rupertus
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janine Sinistra
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Claudia Scheuer
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ruth M Nickels
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Martin K Schilling
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Klinik St. Anna Ärztehaus Lützelmatt, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Otto Kollmar
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany. .,Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Chen W, Bepler G. A method for biomarker directed survival prediction in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with Carboplatin-based therapy. J Pers Med 2013; 3. [PMID: 24349760 PMCID: PMC3859458 DOI: 10.3390/jpm3030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is a primary treatment of choice for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Analytical methods to specifically evaluate biomarkers predictive of therapeutic efficacy have not been developed. Two randomized phase III trials of carboplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC were used for learning and validating the predictive value of ERCC1 in situ protein levels, as measured by accurate quantitative analysis (AQUA). A novel Bayesian method was applied to identify the outcome-based threshold in the learning trial only. Overall survival (OS) was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis with log rank testing to determine statistical significance in the validating trial. For patients treated with gemcitabine and carboplatin, the median OS was 9.5 months (95% CI 6.7 to 11.8) for the high ERCC1 group compared to 15.6 months (95% CI 11.6 to 24.8) for the low ERCC1 group in the validation trial (log rank p-value = 0.007). The hazard ratio for low ERCC1 was 0.598 (95% CI, 0.394 to 0.908; p = 0.016) relative to high ERCC1 adjusted for age, sex, and histology. Conclusions: Patients with advanced NSCLC could be stratified into high and low ERCC1 expression groups. Patients with low levels benefited from platinum-based chemotherapy, whereas those with high levels did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-313-576-8655; Fax: +1-313-576-8656
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Quantification of ER/PR expression in ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2013; 128:371-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wald O, Shapira OM, Izhar U. CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathologic roles and therapeutic potential. Am J Cancer Res 2013; 3:26-33. [PMID: 23382783 PMCID: PMC3563078 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death in the western world. Moreover, despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the death rate from lung cancer remains high and the reported overall five-year survival rate is only 15%. Thus, novel treatments for this devastating disease are urgently needed. Chemokines, a family of 48 chemotactic cytokines interacts with their 7 transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors, to guide immune cell trafficking in the body under both physiologic and pathologic conditions. Tumor cells, which express a relatively restricted repertoire of chemokine and chemokine receptors, utilize and manipulate the chemokine system in a manner that benefits both local tumor growth and distant dissemination. Among the 19 chemokine receptors, CXCR4 is the receptor most widely expressed by malignant tumors and whose role in tumor biology is most thoroughly studied. The chemokine CXCL12, which is the sole ligand of CXCR4, is highly expressed in primary lung cancer as well as in the bone marrow, liver, adrenal glands and brain, which are all sites for lung cancer metastasis. This review focuses on the pathologic role of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in NSCLC and on the potential therapeutic implication of targeting this axis for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Klimowicz AC, Bose P, Nakoneshny SC, Dean M, Huang L, Chandarana S, Magliocco AM, Wayne Matthews T, Brockton NT, Dort JC. Basal Ki67 expression measured by digital image analysis is optimal for prognostication in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:2166-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kuil J, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB. Imaging agents for the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:5239-61. [PMID: 22743644 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12) is a natural regulatory process in the human body. However, CXCR4 over-expression is also found in diseases such as cancer, where it plays a role in, among others, the metastatic spread. For this reason it is an interesting biomarker for the field of diagnostic oncology, and therefore, it is gaining increasing interest for applications in molecular imaging. Especially "small-molecule" imaging agents based on T140, FC131 and AMD3100 have been extensively studied. SDF-1, antibodies, pepducins and bioluminescence have also been used to visualize CXCR4. In this critical review reported CXCR4 targeting imaging agents are described based on their affinity, specificity and biodistribution. The level wherein CXCR4 is up-regulated in cancer patients and its relation to the different cell lines and animal models used to evaluate the efficacy of the imaging agents is also discussed (221 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Kuil
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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