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Park SM, Kim HJ, Son SE, Cho YS. Taste Changes after Atresioplasty in Patients with Congenital Aural Atresia. Otol Neurotol 2023; 44:e166-e170. [PMID: 36634251 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated chorda tympani nerve (CTN) and postoperative taste dysfunction according to anomaly severity and intraoperative CTN status. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary referral center, Samsung medical center hospital. PATIENTS Thirty-one patients who underwent atresioplasty by a single surgeon in a tertiary referral center were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS Therapeutic surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preoperative Schuknecht type and Jahrsdoerfer score and intraoperative CTN status were recorded, and a postoperative questionnaire was administered to evaluate taste function. RESULTS A significant difference was found among intact, cut, and unidentified groups in terms of Schuknecht type ( p = 0.000) and Jahrsdoerfer score (9.28 ± 1.11, 8.80 ± 0.83, 8.10 ± 0.93, p = 0.028). CTN was observed in Schuknecht type B, and not in type C ( p = 0.000), and was more likely to be observed as Jahrsdoerfer score increased ( p = 0.012). Taste disturbance tended to last longer in adult patients than in children. A significant difference was observed in the incidence of taste change between cut and intact CTN groups ( p = 0.018). CONCLUSION CTN was not identified during surgery in patients with Schuknecht type C anomalies, and there was no change in taste after surgery. Meanwhile, CTN was observed in all patients with Schuknecht type B anomalies, and CTN injury occurred in 41.67%. Therefore, CTN presence can be predicted by severity of anomaly, and patients with type B anomalies should be informed of the risk of CTN injury before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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2
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Tkach AV, Kutia SA, Tkach VV. [Anatomical and clinical characteristics of the chorda tympani]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:113-117. [PMID: 37966449 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The article presents information about the applied and clinical anatomy of the chorda tympani. Brief information is given about the history of its discovery, embryonic and postnatal development, features of anatomy, topography and morphology. The clinical aspects of the lesion and methods of studying the function of the chorda tympani are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Tkach
- Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - S A Kutia
- Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - V V Tkach
- Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
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3
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de Jong MC, Lorente-Poch L, Sancho-Insenser J, Rozalén García V, Brain C, Abdel-Aziz TE, Hewitt RJ, Butler CR, Sitges-Serra A, Kurzawinski TR. Late Recovery of Parathyroid Function after Total Thyroidectomy in Children and Adults: Is There a Difference? Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 93:539-547. [PMID: 33706312 DOI: 10.1159/000513768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parathyroid failure after total thyroidectomy is the commonest adverse event amongst both children and adults. The phenomenon of late recovery of parathyroid function, especially in young patients with persistent hypoparathyroidism, is not well understood. This study investigated differences in rates of parathyroid recovery in children and adults and factors influencing this. METHODS A joint dual-centre database of patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy between 1998 and 2018 was searched for patients with persistent hypoparathyroidism, defined as dependence on oral calcium and vitamin D supplementation at 6 months. Demographic, surgical, pathological, and biochemical data were collected and analysed. <F00_Regular>Parathyroid Glands Remaining</F00_Regular> in Situ (PGRIS) score was calculated. RESULTS Out of 960 patients who had total thyroidectomy, 94 (9.8%) had persistent hypoparathyroidism at 6 months, 23 (24.5%) children with a median [range] age 10 [0-17], and 71 (75.5%) adults aged 55 [25-82] years, respectively. Both groups were comparable regarding sex, indication, extent of surgery, and PGRIS score. After a median follow-up of 20 months, the parathyroid recovery rate was identical for children and adults (11 [47.8%] vs. 34 [47.9%]; p = 0.92). Sex, extent, and indication for surgery had no effect on recovery (all p > 0.05). PGRIS score = 4 (HR = 0.48) and serum calcium >2.25 mmol/L (HR = 0.24) at 1 month were associated with a decreased risk of persistent hypoparathyroidism on multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Almost half of patients recovered from persistent hypoparathyroidism after 6 months; therefore, the term persistent instead of permanent hypoparathyroidism should be used. Recovery rates of parathyroid function in children and adults were similar. Regardless of age, predictive factors for recovery were PGRIS score = 4 and a serum calcium >2.25 mmol/L at 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechteld C de Jong
- Centre for Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom,
| | | | | | - Virginia Rozalén García
- Centre for Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Brain
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University College London, Hospitals and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trusts, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tarek E Abdel-Aziz
- Centre for Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Hewitt
- Department of Paediatric Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Butler
- Department of Paediatric Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tom R Kurzawinski
- Centre for Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Lakshmanan HG, Miller E, White-Canale A, McCluskey LP. Immune responses in the injured olfactory and gustatory systems: a role in olfactory receptor neuron and taste bud regeneration? Chem Senses 2022; 47:bjac024. [PMID: 36152297 PMCID: PMC9508897 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory cells that specialize in transducing olfactory and gustatory stimuli are renewed throughout life and can regenerate after injury unlike their counterparts in the mammalian retina and auditory epithelium. This uncommon capacity for regeneration offers an opportunity to understand mechanisms that promote the recovery of sensory function after taste and smell loss. Immune responses appear to influence degeneration and later regeneration of olfactory sensory neurons and taste receptor cells. Here we review surgical, chemical, and inflammatory injury models and evidence that immune responses promote or deter chemosensory cell regeneration. Macrophage and neutrophil responses to chemosensory receptor injury have been the most widely studied without consensus on their net effects on regeneration. We discuss possible technical and biological reasons for the discrepancy, such as the difference between peripheral and central structures, and suggest directions for progress in understanding immune regulation of chemosensory regeneration. Our mechanistic understanding of immune-chemosensory cell interactions must be expanded before therapies can be developed for recovering the sensation of taste and smell after head injury from traumatic nerve damage and infection. Chemosensory loss leads to decreased quality of life, depression, nutritional challenges, and exposure to environmental dangers highlighting the need for further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari G Lakshmanan
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Elayna Miller
- Department of Medical Illustration, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - AnnElizabeth White-Canale
- Department of Medical Illustration, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Lynnette P McCluskey
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Taste disorders, impacting well-being and physical health, can be caused by many etiologies including the use of medication. Recently, taste disturbance is also considered as one of the predominant symptoms of COVID-19 although its pathogenesis requires further research. Localized taste disorders may be overlooked considering that whole-mouth taste perception is insured through several mechanisms. Individuals often fail to discern taste from flavor, and interviews/surveys are insufficient to properly assess taste function. Hence, various taste assessment methods have been developed. Among them, psychophysical methods are most widely applied in a clinical context. Less-biased electrophysiological, imaging, or morphological methods are used to a much lesser degree. Overall, more research is needed in the field of taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Hummel
- Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden University Hospital, Dresden, Germany.
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Anant A, Lal P, Pradhan P. Comparison of gustatory function between mucosal and squamous disease: a randomised controlled study. J Laryngol Otol 2020; 134:1-6. [PMID: 32799960 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120001619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the gustatory function between patients with chronic mucosal and squamous diseases before and after the surgery. METHOD A total of 33 patients with mucosal diseases and 34 patients with squamous diseases were evaluated for gustatory function both in the pre-operative and post-operative periods. The taste scores were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The gustatory scores in the mucosal disease group were significantly better than the scores in the squamous disease group (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation detected between the age of the patients or duration of the disease with the taste scores in any of the study groups. CONCLUSION The improvement in gustatory score was better in the chronic mucosal disease group than the squamous disease group. There was no significant correlation found between the age of the patients or duration of disease and the taste score in any of the study groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Anant
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Vardhaman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi
| | - P Lal
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, Vardhaman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi
| | - P Pradhan
- Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Nishii T, Nin T, Maeda E, Fukunaga A, Mishiro Y, Sakagami M. Earlier recovery of lingual dysfunction after middle ear surgery in pediatric versus adult patients. Laryngoscope 2020; 130:1016-1022. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.28165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nishii
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryHyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Tomomi Nin
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryHyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Emi Maeda
- Department of OtolaryngologyOsaka Minato Central Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Akiko Fukunaga
- Department of OtolaryngologyOsaka Minato Central Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Yasuo Mishiro
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryHyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Masafumi Sakagami
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryHyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
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Somayaji KSG, Ravindran V, Shetty D. Effect of middle ear surgery on taste in patients with chronic otitis media. INDIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_58_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Doty RL. Measurement of chemosensory function. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 4:11-28. [PMID: 30035257 PMCID: PMC6051764 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hundreds of thousands of patients seek medical help annually for disorders of taste and smell, relatively few medical practitioners quantitatively test their patients' chemosensory function, taking their complaints at face value. This is clearly not the approach paid to patients complaining of visual, hearing, or balance problems. Accurate chemosensory testing is essential to establish the nature, degree, and veracity of a patient's complaint, as well as to aid in counseling and in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment strategies and decisions. In many cases, patients perseverate on chemosensory loss that objective assessment demonstrates has resolved. In other cases, patients are malingering. Olfactory testing is critical for not only establishing the validity and degree of the chemosensory dysfunction, but for helping patients place their dysfunction into perspective relative to the function of their peer group. It is well established, for example, that olfactory dysfunction is the rule, rather than the exception, in members of the older population. Moreover, it is now apparent that such dysfunction can be an early sign of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Importantly, older anosmics are three times more likely to die over the course of an ensuring five-year period than their normosmic peers, a situation that may be averted in some cases by appropriate nutritional and safety counseling. This review provides the clinician, as well as the academic and industrial researcher, with an overview of the available means for accurately assessing smell and taste function, including up-to-date information and normative data for advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Doty
- Smell & Taste Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Perspectives in the reconstruction of paediatric facial paralysis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 23:470-9. [DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Saito T, Ito T, Ito Y, Manabe Y. Long-term Follow-up Results of Regeneration Process of Fungiform Taste Buds After Severing the Chorda Tympani Nerve During Middle Ear Surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2015; 125:393-9. [PMID: 26602906 DOI: 10.1177/0003489415617775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the regeneration process of fungiform taste buds after severing the chorda tympani nerve (CTN) by confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo. METHODS In 7 consecutive patients whose CTN was severed during tympanoplasty, an average of 10 fungiform papillae in the midlateral region of the tongue were periodically observed, and the number of taste buds was counted until 12 to 24 months after surgery. Gustatory function was assessed by EGM. RESULTS EGM thresholds showed no response within 1 month after surgery in any patient. All taste buds had disappeared until 13 to 71 days after surgery. Regenerated taste buds were first detected 5 to 8 months after surgery in 5 of the 7 patients. EGM thresholds recovered to their preoperative values in 2 patients. In these 2 patients, the number of regenerated taste buds gradually increased in combination with a recovered taste function. However, a time lag existed between taste bud regeneration and taste function recovery. EGM thresholds did not recover in the other 3 patients with regenerated taste buds, suggesting that these taste buds were immature without gustatory function. CONCLUSION The long-term regeneration process of fungiform taste buds could be clarified using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehisa Saito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan Research and Education Program for Life Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Tetsufumi Ito
- Research and Education Program for Life Science, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Manabe
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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Abstract
Aging is marked by changes that affect organs and resident stem cell function. Shorting of telomeres, DNA damage, oxidative stress, deregulation of genes and proteins, impaired cell-cell communication, and an altered systemic environment cause the eventual demise of cells. At the same time, reparative activities also decline. It is intriguing to correlate aging with the decline of regenerative abilities. Animal models with strong regenerative capabilities imply that aging processes might not be affecting regeneration. In this review, we selectively present age-dependent changes in stem/progenitor cells that are vital for tissue homeostasis and repair. In addition, the aging effect on regeneration following injury in organs such as lung, skeletal muscle, heart, nervous system, cochlear hair, lens, and liver are discussed. These tissues are also known for diseases such as heart attack, stroke, cognitive impairment, cataract, and hearing loss that occur mostly during aging in humans. Conclusively, vertebrate regeneration declines with age with the loss of stem/progenitor cell function. Future studies on improving the function of stem cells, along with studies in fish and amphibians where regeneration does not decline with age, will undoubtedly provide insights into both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Sousounis
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Joelle A Baddour
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Panagiotis A Tsonis
- Department of Biology and Center for Tissue Regeneration and Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio, USA.
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Comparison of sequential same-day middle ear surgeries: bilateral mastoidectomy, unilateral mastoidectomy with contralateral tympanoplasty, and bilateral tympanoplasty. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:1395-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-2931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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