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Eralp Inan O, Kocaturk M, Cansev M, Ozarda Y, Yilmaz Z, Ulus IH. Thromboelastographic evaluation of the effectiveness of choline or CDP-choline treatment on endotoxin-induced hemostatic alterations in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105205. [PMID: 38479101 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis/endotoxemia associates with coagulation abnormalities. We showed previously that exogenous choline treatment reversed the changes in platelet count and function as well as prevented disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in endotoxemic dogs. The aim of this follow-up study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with choline or cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), a choline donor, on endotoxin-induced hemostatic alterations using thromboelastography (TEG). Dogs were randomized to six groups and received intravenously (iv) saline, choline (20 mg/kg) or CDP-choline (70 mg/kg) in the control groups, whereas endotoxin (0.1 mg/kg, iv) was used alone or in combination with choline or CDP-choline at the same doses in the treatment groups. TEG variables including R- and K-time (clot formation), maximum amplitude (MA) and α-angle (clot stability), G value (clot elasticity), and EPL, A, and LY30 (fibrinolysis), as well as overall assessment of coagulation (coagulation index - CI), were measured before and at 0.5-48 h after the treatments. TEG parameters did not change significantly in the control groups, except for CI parameter after choline administration. Endotoxemia resulted in increased R-time and A value (P < 0.05), decreased K-time (P < 0.05), α-angle (P < 0.001) and CI values (P < 0.01) at different time points. Treatment with either choline or CDP-choline attenuated or prevented completely the alterations in TEG parameters in endotoxemic dogs with CDP-choline being more effective. These results confirm and extend the effectiveness of choline or CDP-choline in endotoxemia by further demonstrating their efficacy in attenuating or preventing the altered viscoelastic properties of blood clot measured by TEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Eralp Inan
- Department of Animal Science, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir, Turkey.
| | - Meric Kocaturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Cansev
- Department of Pharmacology, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Yesim Ozarda
- Department of Biochemistry, Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Zeki Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bursa Uludag University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Hakki Ulus
- Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul Okan University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Nadwa EH, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Elekhnawy E, Albogami SM, Alorabi M, Batiha GES, De Waard M. Cholinergic dysfunction in COVID-19: frantic search and hoping for the best. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:453-468. [PMID: 36460816 PMCID: PMC9735034 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02346-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a potential cause of acute respiratory infection called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The binding of SARS-CoV-2 with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) induces a series of inflammatory cellular events with cytopathic effects leading to cell injury and hyperinflammation. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to dysautonomia and sympathetic storm due to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Therefore, this review aimed to elucidate the critical role of the cholinergic system (CS) in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The CS forms a multi-faceted network performing diverse functions in the body due to its distribution in the neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Acetylcholine (ACh) acts on two main types of receptors which are nicotinic receptors (NRs) and muscarinic receptors (MRs). NRs induce T cell anergy with impairment of antigen-mediated signal transduction. Nicotine through activation of T cell NRs inhibits the expression and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. NRs play important anti-inflammatory effects while MRs promote inflammation by inducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect the morphological and functional stability of CS through the disruption of cholinergic receptors. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is similar to neurotoxins, which can bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the ANS and brain. Therefore, cholinergic receptors mainly nAChR and related cholinergic agonists may affect the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cholinergic dysfunction in COVID-19 is due to dysregulation of nAChR by SARS-CoV-2 promoting the central sympathetic drive with the development of the sympathetic storm. As well, nAChR activators through interaction with diverse signaling pathways can reduce the risk of inflammatory disorders in COVID-19. In addition, nAChR activators may mitigate endothelial dysfunction (ED), oxidative stress (OS), and associated coagulopathy in COVID-19. Similarly, nAChR activators may improve OS, inflammatory changes, and cytokine storm in COVID-19. Therefore, nAChR activators like varenicline in virtue of its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects with direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect could be effective in the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hassan Nadwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakakah, 72345 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132 Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, 14132 Iraq
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Sarah M. Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alorabi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Al Beheira Egypt
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 Rue Des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egrève, France
- L’Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, 44007 Nantes, France
- LabEx “Ion Channels, Science & Therapeutics”, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
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Young AA, Rosas LE, Cooper ES, Yaxley PE, Davis IC. Impact of cytidine diphosphocholine on oxygenation in client-owned dogs with aspiration pneumonia. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1089-1099. [PMID: 35484990 PMCID: PMC9151482 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New drugs for veterinary patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are urgently needed. Early or late postinfection treatment of influenza-infected mice with the liponucleotide cytidine diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) resulted in decreased hypoxemia, pulmonary edema, lung dysfunction, and inflammation without altering viral replication. These findings suggested CDP-choline could have benefit as adjunctive treatment for ARDS in veterinary patients (VetARDS). OBJECTIVES Determine if parenterally administered CDP-choline can attenuate mild VetARDS in dogs with aspiration pneumonia. ANIMALS Dogs admitted to a veterinary intensive care unit (ICU) for aspiration pneumonia. METHODS Subjects were enrolled in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of treatment with vehicle (0.1 mL/kg sterile 0.9% saline, IV; n = 8) or CDP-choline (5 mg/kg in 0.1 mL/kg 0.9% saline, IV; n = 9) q12h over the first 48 hours after ICU admission. RESULTS No significant differences in signalment or clinical findings were found between placebo- and CDP-choline-treated dogs on admission. All dogs exhibited tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, hypoxemia, hypocapnia, lymphopenia, and neutrophilia. CDP-choline administration resulted in rapid, progressive, and clinically relevant increases in oxygenation as determined by pulse oximetry and ratios of arterial oxygen partial pressure (Pa O2 mmHg) to fractional inspired oxygen (% Fi O2 ) and decreases in alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradients that did not occur in placebo (saline)-treated animals. Treatment with CDP-choline was also associated with less platelet consumption over the first 48 hours, but had no detectable detrimental effects. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Ctyidine diphosphcholine acts rapidly to promote gas exchange in dogs with naturally occurring aspiration pneumonia and is a potential adjunctive treatment in VetARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anda A. Young
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Lucia E. Rosas
- Department of Veterinary BiosciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Edward S. Cooper
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Page E. Yaxley
- Division of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Ian C. Davis
- Department of Veterinary BiosciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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Kocaturk M, Yilmaz Z, Cansev M, Ozarda Y, Ceron JJ, Buturak A, Ulus IH. Choline or CDP-choline restores hypotension and improves myocardial and respiratory functions in dogs with experimentally - Induced endotoxic shock. Res Vet Sci 2021; 141:116-128. [PMID: 34715589 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxin shock is associated with severe impairments in cardiovascular and respiratory functions. We showed previously that choline or cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) provides beneficial effects in experimental endotoxin shock in dogs. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of choline or CDP-choline on endotoxin-induced cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunctions. Dogs were treated intravenously (i.v.) with saline or endotoxin (LPS, 0.1 mg/kg) 5 min before i.v. infusion of saline, choline (20 mg/kg) or CDP-choline (70 mg/kg). Blood pressure, cardiac rate, myocardial and left ventricular functions, respiratory rate, blood gases, serum electrolytes and cardiac injury markers were determined before and at 0.5-48 h after endotoxin. Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), catecholamine and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured 2 h and 24 h after the treatments. Endotoxin caused immediate and sustained reductions in blood pressure, cardiac output, pO2 and pH; changes in left ventricular functions, structure and volume parameters; and elevations in heart rate, respiratory rate, pCO2 and serum electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, Ca and P). Endotoxin also resulted in elevations in blood levels of cardiac injury markers, TNF-α, HMGB1, catecholamine and NO. In choline- or CDP-choline-treated dogs, all endotoxin effects were much smaller in magnitude and shorter in duration than observed values in controls. These data show that treatment with choline or CDP-choline improves functions of cardiovascular and respiratory systems in experimental endotoxemia and suggest that they may be useful in treatment of endotoxin shock in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric Kocaturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Zeki Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Cansev
- Department of Pharmacology, Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Yesim Ozarda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul Health and Technology University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Jose Joaquin Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Ali Buturak
- Liv Hospital Vadi Istanbul, Cardiology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail H Ulus
- Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Possible Therapeutic Role of Cholinergic Agonists on COVID-19 related inflammatory response. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.869857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Baris E, Simsek O, Efe H, Oncu S, Gelal A, Hamurtekin E, Tosun M, Ozbal S, Yuce Z, Arici M. Effects of CDP-Choline and Choline on COX Pathway in LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.84.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Kocatürk M, Tecles F, Yalçın E, Cihan H, Tural M, Levent P, Cansev M, Cerón JJ, Yilmaz Z. Changes in choline and cholinesterase in saliva of dogs with parvovirus infection. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:147-149. [PMID: 33385977 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the changes in choline (Ch) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in saliva in canine parvovirosis (CP) as a model of sepsis, and their correlations with these analytes in serum and with other markers of inflammation such as white blood cell count (WBC) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP). A total of 30 dogs with CP were sampled for saliva and serum at presentation, and 10 healthy puppies were also sampled as controls. Salivary Ch was higher in dogs with CP (P < 0.001) showing a positive correlation with CRP, whereas no differences were observed in salivary BChE. This is the first report in which Ch is measured in saliva of dogs and based in the results of this study, salivary Ch could be potentially used as biomarker of the severity of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriç Kocatürk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ebru Yalçın
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Cihan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Merve Tural
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Pinar Levent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cansev
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - José J Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Zeki Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
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Rashvand S, Mobasseri M, Tarighat-Esfanjani A. Effects of Choline and Magnesium Concurrent Supplementation on Coagulation and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Pilot Clinical Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:328-335. [PMID: 31385202 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic failure is associated with dyslipidemia and coagulation which can result in a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of choline and magnesium co-supplementation on lipid profile and coagulation parameters in patients with T2DM. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, supplements of choline bitartrate (1000 mg), magnesium oxide (500 mg), choline plus magnesium, or placebo were administered for 2 months to 96 diabetic participants of both sexes aged 30-60 years. Anthropometric characteristics, dietary intake, physical activity, serum lipids, and coagulation markers were measured in all subjects. Significant differences were observed in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in the magnesium and choline-magnesium groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) levels increased in choline-magnesium groups (p < 0.001). When adjusted for potential confounders, a significant decrease in PAI-1 (p = 0.03) and a marginally significant increase in tPA (p = 0.054) were found in the choline-magnesium group compared with the other groups. Compared with baseline values, there were significant differences in serum magnesium, HDL, and triglycerides (TG) following choline-magnesium co-supplementation (p < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences in serum magnesium, HDL, and TG among the groups (p > 0.05). Overall, concurrent supplementation of magnesium and choline is more effective than either magnesium or choline alone to improve coagulation in subjects with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Rashvand
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar Nishabouri St., PO Box 14711, Tabriz, 5166614711, Iran.
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Barış E, Arıcı M, Hamurtekin E. THE ROLE OF NICOTINIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PATHWAY IN PROSTAGLANDİN MEDIATED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN SEPSIS: A short review. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.548030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Effects of CDP-choline administration on learning and memory in REM sleep-deprived rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 213:112703. [PMID: 31654682 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytidine 5-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) administration has been shown to improve learning and memory deficits in different models of brain disorders. In this study, effects of CDP-choline on the well known negative effects of Rapid Eye Movements (REM) sleep deprivation on learning and memory were investigated. Sleep deprivation was induced by placing adult male Wistar albino rats on 6.5 cm diameter platforms individually for 96 h according to flower pot method. Learning and memory performances were evaluated using Morris Water Maze (MWM) test during the same period of time. Saline or CDP-choline (100 µmol/kg, 300 µmol/kg or 600 µmol/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to the onset of MWM experiments. On completion of behavioral tests, rats were decapitated and hippocampi were assayed for total and phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (tCaMKII and pCaMKII, respectively) and total antioxidant capacity. We observed that while REM sleep deprivation had no effect on learning, it diminished the memory function, which was associated with decreased levels of pCaMKII and total antioxidant capacity in the hippocampus. CDP-choline treatment blocked the impairment in memory function of sleep-deprived rats and, increased pCaMKII levels and total antioxidant capacity. These data suggest that CDP-choline reduces REM sleep deprivation-induced impairment in memory, at least in part, by counteracting the disturbances in biochemical and molecular biological parameters.
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Serum choline and butyrylcholinesterase changes in response to endotoxin in calves receiving intravenous choline administration. Res Vet Sci 2019; 125:290-297. [PMID: 31349186 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxemia treatment options are still of interest due to high mortality and choline treatment is one of them because of its role in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. This study investigated serum choline and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) responses, and their correlations with inflammatory, oxidative stress and tissue damage biomarkers, including paraoxanase-1 (PON1), and clinical signs in calves with endotoxemia and the effect of choline treatment in these responses. Healthy calves (n = 20) were divided equally into 4 groups: Control (0.9% NaCl, iv), Choline (C; 1 mg/kg/iv,once), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2 μg/kg/iv,once) and LPS + C. Clinical and laboratory examinations were performed before and 0.5-48 h (hrs) after treatments. Following LPS administration, serum choline level increased at 0.5-24 h (P < .01), whereas serum BChE and PON1 level decreased at 48 h (P < .01) compared to their baselines. In LPS + C group, the increase in serum choline level was significantly higher (P < .01) than that of C and LPS groups. LPS did not decrease serum BChE levels significantly in calves treated with choline. Serum choline and BChE results correlated negatively with white blood cell count and positively (P < .001) with PON1 levels, oxidative stress index, inflammation and hepato-muscular injury markers. In conclusion serum choline and BChE may have a role in the pathophysiology of endotoxemia in calves. High serum choline concentration is associated with an improvement in response to LPS administration in calves treated with choline, probably by preventing the imbalances between oxidative stress and anti-oxidant capacity, preventing the serum BChE and PON1 decreases, and inhibition/attenuation of acute phase reaction and hepato-muscular injury in calves with endotoxemia.
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12
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Changes in serum proteins after endotoxin administration in healthy and choline-treated calves. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:210. [PMID: 27646125 PMCID: PMC5028968 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the possible serum protein changes after endotoxin administration in healthy and choline-treated calves using proteomics. These results are expected to contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of endotoxemia and the beneficial effect of choline administration in this clinical situation. METHODS Healthy-calves (n = 20) were divided into 4 groups: Control, Choline treated (C), Lipopolysaccharide administered (LPS), and LPS + C. Control calves received 0.9 % NaCl injection. Calves in C and LPS + C groups received choline chloride (1 mg/kg/iv). Endotoxin (LPS) was injected (2 μg/kg/iv) to the calves in LPS and LPS + C groups. Serum samples were collected before and after the treatments. Differentially expressed proteins (> 1.5 fold-change relative to controls) were identified by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS After LPS administration, 14 proteins increased, and 13 proteins decreased within 48 h as compared to controls. In the LPS group, there were significant increases in serum levels of ragulator complex protein (189-fold) and galectin-3-binding protein (10-fold), but transcription factor MafF and corticosteroid binding globulin were down regulated (≥ 5 fold). As compared with the LPS group, in LPS + C group, fibrinogen gamma-B-chain and antithrombin were up-regulated, while hemopexin and histone H4 were down-regulated. Choline treatment attenuated actin alpha cardiac muscle-1 overexpression after LPS. CONCLUSIONS LPS administration produces changes in serum proteins associated with lipid metabolism, immune and inflammatory response, protein binding/transport, cell adhesion, venous thrombosis, cardiac contractility and blood coagulation. The administration of choline is associated with changes in proteins which can be related with its beneficial effect in this clinical situation.
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13
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Kocaturk M, Eralp-Inan O, Tvarijonaviciute A, Cansev M, Ozyigit MO, Ceron JJ, Yilmaz Z, Kahraman MM. Effects of choline treatment in concentrations of serum matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) and immunoglobulins in an experimental model of canine sepsis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 180:9-14. [PMID: 27692098 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate effects of intravenous (i.v.) choline treatment on serum matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), MMP tissue inhibitors (TIMP) and immunoglobulins (Igs), and to determine if there were relations between serum MMPs/TIMPs and C-reactive protein (CRP) (as a marker of the acute phase response), immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) (as a maker of the Ig responses) and markers of organ damage such as muscular damage (creatine phosphokinase, [CPK]), liver damage (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) and renal dysfunction (blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and creatinine, [Cr]) in dogs with endotoxemia. Healthy dogs (n=24) were randomized to Saline, Choline (C), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LPS+C groups and received 0.9% NaCl (5mL/i.v.), choline chloride (20mg/kg/i.v.), LPS (0.02mg/kg/i.v.) and LPS (0.02mg/kg/i.v.) plus choline chloride (20mg/kg/i.v.), respectively. Serum MMPs and TIMPs concentrations were analyzed by commercial ELISA kits. MMP and TIMP increased at 1-48h (P<0.05), whereas IgG and IgM decreased at 24-48h in LPS group, compared to their baselines. Choline treatment reduced changes in serum MMPs, TIMPs and markers of organ damage, and prevented the hypoimmunoglobulinemia in LPS+C. MMPs and TIMPs were correlated positively (P<0.05) with serum CRP, CPK, ALT, BUN and Cr, but not with serum Igs. Our findings suggest that the serum MMPs, TIMPs and Igs are involved in the pathophysiology of endotoxemia, and MMPs and TIMPs are correlated with the acute phase reaction and multi-organ failure. In addition, we demonstrated a direct effect of choline administration in decreasing serum MMPs and TIMPs, and preserving serum Igs in the course of endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric Kocaturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey.
| | - Oya Eralp-Inan
- Medical-Surgical Research Center, Agricultural Faculty, Osmangazi University Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - A Tvarijonaviciute
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mehmet Cansev
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - M Ozgur Ozyigit
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - J J Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Zeki Yilmaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey.
| | - M Mufit Kahraman
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Abstract
PURPOSE The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway may play an important role in early burn edema. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of cdp-choline on early systemic burn edema and leukocyte activation in shock in rat mesenteries after burn plasma transfer. METHODS Burn plasma harvested from donor rats 4 hours after thermal injury (30% total body surface area, 100°C water, 12 seconds) was administered intravenously to healthy animals during 2 hours of intravital microscopy. Shamburn plasma (same procedure but water at 37°C) was transferred for negative controls. In the study group, bolus injection of 100 mg/kg body weight cdp-choline was undertaken 15 minutes before examination. Intravital microscopy was performed in the ileal portion of rat mesenteries at 0, 60, and 120 minutes. Capillary leakage was assessed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-albumin extravasation and leukocyte-endothelial interaction were observed via transillumination microscopy. To assure comparable hemodynamic conditions, microhemodynamic parameters, foremost venular wall shear rate, were assessed. RESULTS Capillary leakage increased significantly after burn plasma transfer when compared to the shamburn group. Additional intravenous administration of cdp-choline attenuates macromolecular efflux to shamburn levels. Leukocyte activation is reduced after cdp-choline treatment. CONCLUSIONS The significant increase of albumin efflux in rat mesenteries after burn plasma transfer is decreased by additional cdp-choline bolus administration. Further investigations for proof of the relevance of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in early burn trauma are strongly required.
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15
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Cansev M. Synaptogenesis: Modulation by Availability of Membrane Phospholipid Precursors. Neuromolecular Med 2016; 18:426-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-016-8414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine differentially affects hemostatic parameters in diverse conditions in rats: an investigation via thromboelastography. Shock 2016; 43:387-94. [PMID: 25394251 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) has several physiological and pharmacological effects on various bodily functions, including hemostasis. This study determined the impact of CDP-choline on hemostasis in a trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) model in rats or under in vitro conditions or after chronic treatment via thromboelastography. Trauma-hemorrhage resuscitation was induced, and either saline (1 mL/kg) or CDP-choline (50 mg/kg) was injected intravenously just prior to resuscitation in the T-H group and at the same time point in the sham-control group. The effects of CDP-choline on thromboelastogram parameters, coagulation markers, and platelet aggregation were investigated under in vitro conditions (1.5 mM, 30- or 3-min incubation in blood or plasma) and after chronic use (50 mg/kg, i.p., 10 days). Acute CDP-choline treatment was shown to decrease the initial and maximum clot formation time, accelerate clotting rapidity, reduce the lysis percentage, and increase the coagulation index in the T-H resuscitation group, whereas the same treatment in the sham-control rats did not alter any of the thromboelastogram parameters. However, the incubation of whole blood with CDP-choline prolonged the initial and maximum clot formation time, and CDP-choline treatment significantly decreased the slopes of the disaggregation and aggregation curves when platelets were stimulated with ADP and collagen, respectively. Interestingly, the chronic use of this drug did not influence any of these hemostatic parameters. These data implicate that acute but not chronic CDP-choline administration may differentially alter the hemostatic parameters under diverse conditions. The drug may produce a hypercoagulable state in activated situations but cause opposite effects under normal in vitro conditions.
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17
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Schmidt K, Hernekamp JF, Doerr M, Zivkovic AR, Brenner T, Walther A, Weigand MA, Hofer S. Cytidine-5-diphosphocholine reduces microvascular permeability during experimental endotoxemia. BMC Anesthesiol 2015; 15:114. [PMID: 26232247 PMCID: PMC4522138 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-015-0086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microvascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion are pivotal mechanisms in sepsis pathophysiology contributing to the development of shock and mortality. No effective pharmacological therapy is currently available to restore microvascular barrier function in sepsis. Cholinergic mediators have been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effects during inflammation. Cytidine-5-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) is an extensively studied cholinergic drug due to its brain protective characteristics in cerebrovascular diseases. This study evaluated the effect of CDP-choline on microvascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion during endotoxemia. Methods Macromolecular leakage, leukocyte adhesion, and venular wall shear rate were examined in mesenteric postcapillary venules of rats by using intravital microscopy (IVM). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (4 mg/kg/h) or equivalent volumes of saline were continuously infused following baseline IVM at 0 min. IVM was repeated after 60 and 120 min in endotoxemic and nonendotoxemic animals. CDP-choline (100 mg/kg) was applied as an i.v. bolus. Animals received either saline alone, CDP-choline alone, CDP-choline 10 min before or 30 min after LPS administration, or LPS alone. Due to nonparametric data distribution, Wilcoxon test and Dunn's multiple comparisons test were used for data analysis. Data were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results Treatment with LPS alone significantly increased microvascular permeability and leukocyte adhesion and decreased venular wall shear rate. CDP-choline significantly reduced microvascular permeability in animals treated with LPS. Leukocyte adhesion and venular wall shear rate were not affected by CDP-choline during endotoxemia. Conclusion CDP-choline has a protective effect on microvascular barrier function during endotoxemia. Considering the excellent pharmacologic safety profile of CDP-choline, its use could be an approach for the treatment of capillary leakage in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jochen Frederick Hernekamp
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Miriam Doerr
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Aleksandar R Zivkovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Brenner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Walther
- Department of Anesthesiology, Katharinenhospital, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hofer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Tvarijonaviciute A, Kocaturk M, Cansev M, Tecles F, Ceron JJ, Yilmaz Z. Serum butyrylcholinesterase and paraoxonase 1 in a canine model of endotoxemia: Effects of choline administration. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:668-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Eralp O, Yilmaz Z, Failing K, Moritz A, Bauer N. Effect of Experimental Endotoxemia on Thrombelastography Parameters, Secondary and Tertiary Hemostasis in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:524-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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