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Peterson BW, Tjakkes GH, Renkema AM, Manton DJ, Ren Y. The oral microbiota and periodontal health in orthodontic patients. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 39031969 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The oral microbiota develops within the first 2 years of childhood and becomes distinct from the parents by 4 years-of-age. The oral microbiota plays an important role in the overall health/symbiosis of the individual. Deviations from the state of symbiosis leads to dysbiosis and an increased risk of pathogenicity. Deviations can occur not only from daily life activities but also from orthodontic interventions. Orthodontic appliances are formed from a variety of biomaterials. Once inserted, they serve as a breeding ground for microbial attachment, not only from new surface areas and crevices but also from material physicochemical interactions different than in the symbiotic state. Individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment show, compared with untreated people, qualitative and quantitative differences in activity within the oral microbiota, induced by increased retention of supra- and subgingival microbial plaque throughout the treatment period. These changes are at the root of the main undesirable effects, such as gingivitis, white spot lesions (WSL), and more severe caries lesions. Notably, the oral microbiota profile in the first weeks of orthodontic intervention might be a valuable indicator to predict and identify higher-risk individuals with respect to periodontal health and caries risk within an otherwise healthy population. Antimicrobial coatings have been used to dissuade microbes from adhering to the biomaterial; however, they disrupt the host microbiota, and several bacterial strains have become resistant. Smart biomaterials that can reduce the antimicrobial load preventing microbial adhesion to orthodontic appliances have shown promising results, but their complexity has kept many solutions from reaching the clinic. 3D printing technology provides opportunities for complex chemical syntheses to be performed uniformly, reducing the cost of producing smart biomaterials giving hope that they may reach the clinic in the near future. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of the oral microbiota during orthodontic therapy and to use innovative technologies to better maintain its healthy balance during surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W Peterson
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten-Has Tjakkes
- Centre for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Renkema
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David J Manton
- Centre for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yijin Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Bock PM, Martins AF, Schaan BD. Understanding how pre- and probiotics affect the gut microbiome and metabolic health. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E89-E102. [PMID: 38809510 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00054.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome, a complex assembly of microorganisms, significantly impacts human health by influencing nutrient absorption, the immune system, and disease response. These microorganisms form a dynamic ecosystem that is critical to maintaining overall well-being. Prebiotics and probiotics are pivotal in regulating gut microbiota composition. Prebiotics nourish beneficial bacteria and promote their growth, whereas probiotics help maintain balance within the microbiome. This intricate balance extends to several aspects of health, including maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier, regulating immune responses, and producing metabolites crucial for metabolic health. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, has been linked to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Impaired gut barrier function, endotoxemia, and low-grade inflammation are associated with toll-like receptors influencing proinflammatory pathways. Short-chain fatty acids derived from microbial fermentation modulate anti-inflammatory and immune system pathways. Prebiotics positively influence gut microbiota, whereas probiotics, especially Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains, may improve metabolic outcomes, such as glycemic control in diabetes. It is important to consider strain-specific effects and study variability when interpreting these findings, highlighting the need for further research to optimize their therapeutic potential. The aim of this report is therefore to review the role of the gut microbiota in metabolic health and disease and the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on the gut microbiome and their therapeutic role, integrating a broad understanding of physiological mechanisms with a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Bock
- Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Andreza F Martins
- Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Beatriz D Schaan
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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3
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Xu C, Aqib AI, Fatima M, Muneer S, Zaheer T, Peng S, Ibrahim EH, Li K. Deciphering the Potential of Probiotics in Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:711. [PMID: 39066349 PMCID: PMC11281421 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The demand for vaccines, particularly those prepared from non-conventional sources, is rising due to the emergence of drug resistance around the globe. Probiotic-based vaccines are a wise example of such vaccines which represent new horizons in the field of vaccinology in providing an enhanced and diversified immune response. The justification for incorporating probiotics into vaccines lies in the fact that that they hold the capacity to regulate immune function directly or indirectly by influencing the gastrointestinal microbiota and related pathways. Several animal-model-based studies have also highlighted the efficacy of these vaccines. The aim of this review is to collect and summarize the trends in the recent scientific literature regarding the role of probiotics in vaccines and vaccinology, along with their impact on target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Amjad Islam Aqib
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mahreen Fatima
- Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Sadia Muneer
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tean Zaheer
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Song Peng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Essam H. Ibrahim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kun Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Dudzicz-Gojowy S, Więcek A, Adamczak M. The Role of Probiotics in the Prevention of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:671. [PMID: 38474799 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD), substantial unfavourable alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition, i.e., dysbiosis, have been noted. The main causes of such dysbiosis among others are insufficient dietary fibre content in the diet, fluid restrictions, medications used, and physical activity limitation. One clinically important consequence of dysbiosis in CKD patients is high risk of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). In observational studies, it was found that CDI is more frequent in CKD patients than in the general population. This appears to be related to high hospitalization rate and more often antibiotic therapy use, leading up to the occurrence of dysbiosis. Therefore, the use of probiotics in CKD patients may avert changes in the intestinal microbiota, which is the major risk factor of CDI. The aim of this review paper is to summarize the actual knowledge concerning the use of probiotics in CDI prevention in CKD patients in the context of CDI prevention in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dudzicz-Gojowy
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Więcek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marcin Adamczak
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland
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Huang W, Shen B, Li X, Zhang T, Zhou X. Benefits of Combining Sonchus brachyotus DC. Extracts and Synbiotics in Alleviating Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Foods 2023; 12:3393. [PMID: 37761102 PMCID: PMC10530047 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, commonly abbreviated to NAFLD, is a pervasive ailment within the digestive system, exhibiting a rising prevalence, and impacting individuals at increasingly younger ages. Those afflicted by NAFLD face a heightened vulnerability to the onset of profound liver fibrosis, cardiovascular complications, and malignancies. Currently, NAFLD poses a significant threat to human health, and there is no approved therapeutic treatment for it. Recent studies have shown that synbiotics, which regulate intestinal microecology, can positively impact glucolipid metabolism, and improve NAFLD-related indicators. Sonchus brachyotus DC., a Chinese herb, exhibits hepatoprotective and potent antioxidant properties, suggesting its potential therapeutic use in NAFLD. Our preclinical animal model investigation suggests that the synergy between Sonchus brachyotus DC. extracts and synbiotics is significantly more effective in preventing and treating NAFLD, compared to the isolated use of either component. As a result, this combination holds the potential to introduce a fresh and encouraging therapeutic approach to addressing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Huang
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (W.H.); (B.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Boyuan Shen
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (W.H.); (B.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiumei Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research of CAAS, Beijing 100000, China;
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (W.H.); (B.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences & Health, Wuhan University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; (W.H.); (B.S.); (T.Z.)
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Novotny-Nuñez I, Perdigón G, Matar C, Martínez Monteros MJ, Yahfoufi N, Cazorla SI, Maldonado-Galdeano C. Evaluation of Rouxiella badensis Subsp Acadiensis (Canan SV-53) as a Potential Probiotic Bacterium. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1347. [PMID: 37317321 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of omic platforms revealed the significant benefits of probiotics in the prevention of many infectious diseases. This led to a growing interest in novel strains of probiotics endowed with health characteristics related to microbiome and immune modulation. Therefore, autochthonous bacteria in plant ecosystems might offer a good source for novel next-generation probiotics. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of Rouxiella badensis acadiensis Canan (R. acadiensis) a bacterium isolated from the blueberry biota, on the mammalian intestinal ecosystem and its potential as a probiotic microorganism. R. acadiensis, reinforced the intestinal epithelial barrier avoiding bacterial translocation from the gut to deep tissues, even after feeding BALB/c mice for a prolonged period of time. Moreover, diet supplementation with R. acadiensis led to increases in the number of Paneth cells, well as an increase in the antimicrobial peptide α defensin. The anti-bacterial effect of R. acadiensis against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was also reported. Importantly, R. acadiensis-fed animals showed better survival in an in vivo Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium challenge compared with those that received a conventional diet. These results demonstrated that R. acadiensis possesses characteristics of a probiotic strain by contributing to the reinforcement and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Novotny-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Perdigón
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - Chantal Matar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - María José Martínez Monteros
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - Nour Yahfoufi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Silvia Inés Cazorla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - Carolina Maldonado-Galdeano
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
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Prasad R, Floyd JL, Dupont M, Harbour A, Adu-Agyeiwaah Y, Asare-Bediako B, Chakraborty D, Kichler K, Rohella A, Calzi SL, Lammendella R, Wright J, Boulton ME, Oudit GY, Raizada MK, Stevens BR, Li Q, Grant MB. Maintenance of Enteral ACE2 Prevents Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes. Circ Res 2023; 132:e1-e21. [PMID: 36448480 PMCID: PMC9822874 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined components of systemic and intestinal renin-angiotensin system on gut barrier permeability, glucose homeostasis, systemic inflammation, and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in human subjects and mice with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS T1D individual with (n=18) and without (n=20) DR and controls (n=34) were examined for changes in gut-regulated components of the immune system, gut leakage markers (FABP2 [fatty acid binding protein 2] and peptidoglycan), and Ang II (angiotensin II); Akita mice were orally administered a Lactobacillus paracasei (LP) probiotic expressing humanized ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) protein (LP-ACE2) as either a prevention or an intervention. Akita mice with genetic overexpression of humanAce2 by small intestine epithelial cells (Vil-Cre.hAce2KI-Akita) were similarly examined. After 9 months of T1D, circulatory, enteral, and ocular end points were assessed. RESULTS T1D subjects exhibit elevations in gut-derived circulating immune cells (ILC1 cells) and higher gut leakage markers, which were positively correlated with plasma Ang II and DR severity. The LP-ACE2 prevention cohort and genetic overexpression of intestinal ACE2 preserved barrier integrity, reduced inflammatory response, improved hyperglycemia, and delayed development of DR. Improvements in glucose homeostasis were due to intestinal MasR activation, resulting in a GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta)/c-Myc (cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene)-mediated decrease in intestinal glucose transporter expression. In the LP-ACE2 intervention cohort, gut barrier integrity was improved and DR reversed, but no improvement in hyperglycemia was observed. These data support that the beneficial effects of LP-ACE2 on DR are due to the action of ACE2, not improved glucose homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated systemic and intestinal renin-angiotensin system was associated with worsening gut barrier permeability, gut-derived immune cell activation, systemic inflammation, and progression of DR in human subjects. In Akita mice, maintaining intestinal ACE2 expression prevented and reversed DR, emphasizing the multifaceted role of the intestinal renin-angiotensin system in diabetes and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jason L. Floyd
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Mariana Dupont
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Angela Harbour
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Bright Asare-Bediako
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Dibyendu Chakraborty
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kara Kichler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Aayush Rohella
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | | | | | - Michael E. Boulton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Gavin Y. Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Mohan K. Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Bruce R. Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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Synbiotics and Gut Microbiota: New Perspectives in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162438. [PMID: 36010438 PMCID: PMC9407597 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased sharply over the past decades. Apart from genetic predisposition, which may cause some of the diagnosed cases, an unhealthy diet and lifestyle are incentive triggers of this global epidemic. Consumption of probiotics and prebiotics to gain health benefits has become increasingly accepted by the public in recent years, and their critical roles in alleviating T2DM symptoms are confirmed by accumulating studies. Microbiome research reveals gut colonization by probiotics and their impacts on the host, while oral intake of prebiotics may stimulate existing metabolisms in the colon. The use of synbiotics (a combination of prebiotics and probiotics) can thus show a synergistic effect on T2DM through modulating the gastrointestinal microenvironment. This review summarizes the research progress in the treatment of T2DM from the perspective of synbiotics and gut microbiota and provides a class of synbiotics which are composed of lactulose, arabinose, and Lactobacillus plantarum, and can effectively adjust the blood glucose, blood lipid, and body weight of T2DM patients to ideal levels.
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Molecular characterization of Enterobacter aerogenes isolated from urinary tract infections in Iran. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106485. [PMID: 35487296 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacter aerogenes strains in UTIs is increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms of resistance in Enterobacter aerogenes strains isolated from the urinary tract of infected patients. To achieve this goal, 786 urine samples from Shahrekord, Iran, were collected from June 2019 to February 2020. After isolating and identifying E. aerogenes samples, antibiotic susceptibility testing was done on the strains using Kirby-Bauer's disk diffusion method. The biofilm formation assays were performed to study the link between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation and virulence genes. As a result, amongst the 786 urine samples, 50 strains were identified as E. aerogenes. The lowest rate of resistance was observed with imipenem (30%). This study also reports that all the strains of E. aerogenes are biofilm producers, with 50% of isolates producing a large amount, 30% a moderate amount, and 20% a small amount of biofilm. 42% were identified in the phenotypic study of ESBLs. In the PCR test, (64%) produced broad-spectrum beta-lactamases. Prevalence of qnrC, qnrB, qnrA, tetA, tet B, acc(3)IIa, acc(2)IIa, ant(2)Ia and Sul1 in strong producing isolates reported 100%, 80.95%,% 58.14, 87.5%, 81.58%, 86.67%, 82.14, 81.48% and 90% respectively. In the statistical analysis based on the chi-square test, a statistically significant relationship was reported between qnrA, qnrB, tetA, tetB, Sul1, ant(2)Ia, ant(3)I, aac(3)II, and biofilm formation. Resistance to cephalothin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime were reported 40%, 34%, 30% and 30%, respectively. Out of 50 Enterobacter aerogenes, 32 isolates (64%) were identified in the phenotypic study of ESBLS, prevalence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV reported 30%, 20% and 14% respectively. There is a significant relationship between resistance to ceftriaxone and blaCTX-M. Prevalence of csgA, ybtS, markD, rmpA, csgD and fimH in strong biofilm formation isolates reported 84%, 83.33%, 80%, 80%, 80% and 66% respectively. The chi-square test showed a statistically significant relationship between biofilm production and resistance genes fimH, csgA, csgD, ybtS, and mrkD. The findings of this study indicate that the ability to produce biofilms is associated with the increase of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. These agents enable bacteria to produce biofilms that ultimately lead to colonization and bacterial survival in the body.
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Zhang W, Wang S, Xing Y, Wang H, Fu B, Long M, Cao J. Clinical efficacy of probiotics on feeding intolerance in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Pediatr 2022; 11:229-238. [PMID: 35282030 PMCID: PMC8905106 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The physiological organ system of premature infants is still very immature, so it is easy to result feeding intolerance. Therefore, effective probiotic supplementation plays a very important role and clinical research significance in promoting the growth and development of preterm infants, improving the quality of life and improving the occurrence of feeding intolerance. To explore the clinical effect of probiotics on feeding intolerance (FI) in preterm infants by meta-analysis. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and MEDLINE literature databases were searched for relevant literature. The literature related to the clinical effect of probiotics on FI in preterm infants was published from January 2002 to January 2021. RevMan 5.3 was used to calculate the reinforcement mean difference (MD) and evaluate the publication bias. RESULTS Nine articles were included, involving a total of 1,244 preterm infants with FI. Through the sensitivity analysis of each excluded study, the results showed no significant differences. Compared with patients in the control group, the probiotics group had significant improvements (P<0.1) in the total intestinal feeding time (MD =-2.54, 95% CI: -3.57, -1.52, P<0.00001), weight gain (MD =23.81, 95% CI: 19.75, 27.81, P<0.00001), maximum enteral feeding (MD =6.41, 95% CI: 1.94, 10.88, P=0.005), hospital stay (MD =-5.18, 95% CI: -5.63, -4.74, P<0.00001), incidence of FI [odds rate (OR) =0.38, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.55, P<0.00001] and improvement in the gastrointestinal tract (OR =2.34, 95% CI: 1.07, 5.14, P=0.03). DISCUSSION Our study shows that the use of probiotics can promote the early growth of preterm infants and effectively improve the occurrence of FI in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Shiqun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qionghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionghai, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Modern Women and Children's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Modern Women and Children's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Binsha Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Mingjia Long
- Department of Pediatrics, Qionghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qionghai, China
| | - Juan Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hainan Modern Women and Children's Hospital, Haikou, China
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11
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Liu Y, Wang J, Wu C. Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Immune System by Probiotics, Pre-biotics, and Post-biotics. Front Nutr 2022; 8:634897. [PMID: 35047537 PMCID: PMC8761849 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.634897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract harbours a complex microbial community, which interacts with the mucosal immune system closely. Gut microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining host health, which could supply various nutrients, regulate energy balance, modulate the immune response, and defence against pathogens. Therefore, maintaining a favourable equilibrium of gut microbiota through modulating bacteria composition, diversity, and their activity is beneficial to host health. Several studies have shown that probiotics and pre-biotics could directly and indirectly regulate microbiota and immune response. In addition, post-biotics, such as the bioactive metabolites, produced by gut microbiota, and/or cell-wall components released by probiotics, also have been shown to inhibit pathogen growth, maintain microbiota balance, and regulate an immune response. This review summarises the studies concerning the impact of probiotics, pre-biotics, and post-biotics on gut microbiota and immune systems and also describes the underlying mechanisms of beneficial effects of these substances. Finally, the future and challenges of probiotics, pre-biotics, and post-biotics are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratories for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases Shanxi, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratories for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases Shanxi, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Key Lab of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratories for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases Shanxi, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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12
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Daher GS, Choi KY, Wells JW, Goyal N. A Systematic Review of Oral Nutritional Supplement and Wound Healing. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2022; 131:1358-1368. [PMID: 35043693 DOI: 10.1177/00034894211069437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the current literature for effects of oral nutritional supplement on wound healing rates in humans. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Medline and PubMed database following PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed database was searched using terms relating to oral nutritional supplement and wound healing from 1837 to March 2020. Study inclusion criteria were: (i) design: randomized controlled trials, clinical studies, observational studies, clinical trials; (ii) population: adults; and (iii) intervention: oral nutritional supplement. RESULTS The search yielded 2433 studies, 313 of which were clinical trials or clinical studies. After abstract review, 28 studies qualified to be included in the review evaluating the following supplementation categories on wound healing: protein and amino acids (10), mineral, vitamin and antioxidants (9), probiotics (1), and mixed nutrients (8). Arginine and omega-3 supplement were shown to improve wound healing in head and neck cancer patients with surgical wounds by decreasing incidence of postoperative complications and reducing length of hospital stay. Mineral, vitamins, and antioxidants enriched supplements were more beneficial in increasing wound healing than non-enriched protein supplement for diabetic foot and pressure ulcers. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of a variety of nutrients had variable effects on improving wound healing in different types of wounds. However, further research on the impact of nutritional supplements on surgical wound healing is necessary. The impact of multiple nutrient formulations may also need to be further evaluated for efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal S Daher
- The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Karen Y Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jeffery W Wells
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Neerav Goyal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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13
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Kaashyap M, Cohen M, Mantri N. Microbial Diversity and Characteristics of Kombucha as Revealed by Metagenomic and Physicochemical Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124446. [PMID: 34960001 PMCID: PMC8704692 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kombucha is a fermented tea made from a Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) with a long history of use as a health tonic. It is likely that most health benefits come from the tea and fermentation metabolites from specific microbial communities. Despite its growing importance as a functional health drink, the microbial ecosystem present in kombucha has not been fully documented. To characterize the microbial composition and biochemical properties of 'The Good Brew' original base kombucha, we used metagenomics amplicon (16S rRNA and ITS) sequencing to identify the microbial communities at the taxonomic level. We identified 34 genera with 200 microbial species yet described in kombucha. The dominance of organic acid producing microorganisms Acetobacter, Komagataeibacter and Starmerella are healthy for the human gut and their glucose metabolising activities have a putative role in preventing conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Kombucha contains high protein (3.31 µg/mL), high phenolic content (290.4 mg/100 mL) and low sugars (glucose: 1.87 g/L; sucrose 1.11 g/L; fructose: 0.05 g/L) as compared to green tea. The broad microbial diversity with proven health benefits for the human gut suggests kombucha is a powerful probiotic. These findings are important to improve the commercial value of kombucha and uncover the immense prospects for health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Kaashyap
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Marc Cohen
- The Good Brew Co., Brunswick, Melbourne, VIC 3056, Australia;
| | - Nitin Mantri
- The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia;
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Cudrania tricuspidata Combined with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Modulate Gut Microbiota and Alleviate Obesity-Associated Metabolic Parameters in Obese Mice. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091908. [PMID: 34576802 PMCID: PMC8468176 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the presented study was to investigate the synbiotic effects of L. rhamnosus 4B15 and C. tricuspidata extract administration on the gut microbiota and obesity-associated metabolic parameters in diet-induced obese mice. Thirty-one 6-week-old male C57BL/N6 mice were divided into five diet groups: normal diet (ND, n = 7) group; high-fat diet (HFD, n = 6) group; probiotic (PRO, n = 5) group; prebiotic (PRE, n = 7) group; and synbiotic (SYN, n = 6) group. After 10 weeks, the percent of fat mass, serum triglyceride, and ALT levels were significantly reduced in SYN-fed obese mice, compared with other treatments. SYN treatment also modulated the abundance of Desulfovibrio, Dorea, Adlercreutzia, Allobaculum, Coprococcus, unclassified Clostridiaceae, Lactobacillus, Helicobacter, Flexispira, Odoribacter, Ruminococcus, unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, and unclassified Desulfovibrionaceae. These taxa showed a strong correlation with obesity-associated indices. Lastly, the SYN-supplemented diet upregulated metabolic pathways known to improve metabolic health. Further investigations are needed to understand the mechanisms driving the synbiotic effect of C. tricuspidata and L. rhamnosus 4B15.
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HOSSAIN MN, RANADHEERA CS, FANG Z, AJLOUNI S. Healthy chocolate enriched with probiotics: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.11420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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16
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Walker-Pizarro N, Teran CG. Letter to the editor regarding the article: Probiotics for the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:6915-6916. [PMID: 34405772 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1929918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos G Teran
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Elizabeth Seton, Cochabamba, Bolivia
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17
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Dudzicz S, Wiecek A, Adamczak M. Clostridioides difficile Infection in Chronic Kidney Disease-An Overview for Clinicians. J Clin Med 2021; 10:E196. [PMID: 33430465 PMCID: PMC7827228 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), occurrence of severe and complicated CDI, and more frequent occurrence of drug-resistant, recurrent or non-hospital CDI has become a worldwide clinical problem. CDI is more common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) than in the general population. CDI seems to be associated with frequent hospitalization, frequently used antibiotic therapy, dysbiosis, and abnormalities of the immune system observed in CKD patients. Dysbiosis is a common disorder found in CKD patients. It may be related to insufficient fiber content in the diet, reduced amount of consumed fluids and often reduced physical activity, constipation, impaired gastrointestinal motility, multidrug pharmacotherapy, and uremic milieu in CKD stage 5. In patients with CKD the clinical manifestations of CDI are similar to the general population; however, more frequent recurrence of CDI and higher prevalence of severe CDI are reported. Moreover, the increase in CDI related mortality is observed more in CKD patients than in the general population. The aim of this review paper is to summarize the current knowledge concerning the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, and prevention and treatment in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrzej Wiecek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (S.D.); (M.A.)
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Andrade TUD, Schumacker KS, Schumacker KS, Coutinho G, Rezende MS, Ronchi SN, Kalil IC, Silva-Cutini MDA, Lima EMD, Maia JF, Brasil GA. Chronic and acute effects of kefir: the role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition instead of nitric oxide balance. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000419177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Walker-Pizarro N, Teran C, Grandy G. The role of probiotics in preventing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. J Clin Neonatol 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jcn.jcn_202_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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20
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Goldstein J, Nuñez-Goluboay K, Pinto A. Therapeutic Strategies to Protect the Central Nervous System against Shiga Toxin from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:24-44. [PMID: 32077828 PMCID: PMC7903495 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200220143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) may cause hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and encephalopathy. The mortality rate derived from HUS adds up to 5% of the cases, and up to 40% when the central nervous system (CNS) is involved. In addition to the well-known deleterious effect of Stx, the gram-negative STEC releases lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and may induce a variety of inflammatory responses when released in the gut. Common clinical signs of severe CNS injury include sensorimotor, cognitive, emotional and/or autonomic alterations. In the last few years, a number of drugs have been experimentally employed to establish the pathogenesis of, prevent or treat CNS injury by STEC. The strategies in these approaches focus on: 1) inhibition of Stx production and release by STEC, 2) inhibition of Stx bloodstream transport, 3) inhibition of Stx entry into the CNS parenchyma, 4) blockade of deleterious Stx action in neural cells, and 5) inhibition of immune system activation and CNS inflammation. Fast diagnosis of STEC infection, as well as the establishment of early CNS biomarkers of damage, may be determinants of adequate neuropharmacological treatment in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Goldstein
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Houssay” (IFIBIO), Laboratorio de Neurofisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Argentina
| | - Krista Nuñez-Goluboay
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Houssay” (IFIBIO), Laboratorio de Neurofisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Argentina
| | - Alipio Pinto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica “Houssay” (IFIBIO), Laboratorio de Neurofisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Argentina
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Verma A, Zhu P, Xu K, Du T, Liao S, Liang Z, Raizada MK, Li Q. Angiotensin-(1-7) Expressed From Lactobacillus Bacteria Protect Diabetic Retina in Mice. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:20. [PMID: 33344064 PMCID: PMC7735952 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.13.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose A multitude of animal studies substantiates the beneficial effects of Ang-(1–7), a peptide hormone in the protective axis of the renin angiotensin system, in diabetes and its associated complications including diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the clinical application of Ang-(1–7) is limited due to unfavorable pharmacological properties. As emerging evidence implicates gut dysbiosis in pathogenesis of diabetes and supports beneficial effects of probiotics, we sought to develop probiotics-based expression and delivery system to enhance Ang-(1–7) and evaluate the efficacy of engineered probiotics expressing Ang-(1–7) in attenuation of DR in animal models. Methods Ang-(1–7) was expressed in the Lactobacillus species as a secreted fusion protein with a trans-epithelial carrier to allow uptake into circulation. To evaluate the effects of Ang-(1–7) expressed from Lactobacillus paracasei (LP), adult diabetic eNOS−/− and Akita mice were orally gavaged with either 1 × 109 CFU of LP secreting Ang-(1–7) (LP-A), LP alone or vehicle, 3 times/week, for 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Results Ang-(1–7) is efficiently expressed from different Lactobacillus species and secreted into circulation in mice fed with LP-A. Oral administration of LP-A significantly reduced diabetes-induced loss of retinal vascular capillaries. LP-A treatment also prevented loss of retinal ganglion cells, and significantly decreased retinal inflammatory cytokine expression in both diabetic eNOS−/− and Akita mice. Conclusions These results provide proof-of-concept for feasibility and efficacy of using engineered probiotic species as live vector for delivery of Ang-(1–7) with enhanced bioavailability. Translational Relevance Probiotics-based delivery of Ang-(1–7) may hold important therapeutic potential for the treatment of DR and other diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrisha Verma
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tao Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shengquan Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Zhibing Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Physiology & Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Chen W, Xu RX, Gong J, Xie SM, Huang J. Efficacy of probiotics for treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: A meta-analysis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:1016-1024. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i20.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate both domestic and foreign randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis with probiotics published between 2005 and 2019 to clarify if probiotic treatment has a positive impact on patients' hospital stay, duration of abdominal pain, death, secondary infection, multiple organ failure, and other prognostic-related indicators.
AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of SAP.
METHODS RCTs evaluating the effectiveness of probiotic therapy in SAP patients were searched in databases such as CNKI, Wanfang Med Online, VIP, PubMed, and Cochrane. The quality of the included articles was assessed and possible biases among them were analyzed. We performed all statistical analyses with Revman 5.3 software.
RESULTS A total of 14 trials with 921 patients were involved in the study. Meta-analysis showed that there were significant differences in secondary infection (P < 0.0001), mean hospital stay (P < 0.0001), mean time to abdominal pain relief (P < 0.0001), mortality (P = 0.03), and the incidence of secondary multiorgan failure (P = 0.01) between the study group and control group.
CONCLUSION According to this meta-analysis, probiotic treatment could significantly shorten the length of hospital stay, alleviate abdominal pain, and reduce the risk of secondary infection, death, and secondary multiple organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruo-Xin Xu
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ju Gong
- Department of Intensive Medicine, Second People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si-Ming Xie
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
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Changes in the Intestinal Microbiome during a Multispecies Probiotic Intervention in Compensated Cirrhosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061874. [PMID: 32585997 PMCID: PMC7353185 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been used in trials to therapeutically modulate the gut microbiome and have shown beneficial effects in cirrhosis. However, their effect on the microbiome of cirrhosis patients is not fully understood yet. Here, we tested the effects of a multispecies probiotic on microbiome composition in compensated cirrhosis. The gut microbiome composition of 58 patients with compensated cirrhosis from a randomized controlled trial who received a daily dose of multispecies probiotics or placebo for six months was analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbiome composition of patients who received probiotics was enriched with probiotic strains and the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Syntrophococcus sucromutans, Bacteroides vulgatus, Alistipes shahii and a Prevotella species was increased in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group. Patients who had microbiome changes in response to probiotic treatment also showed a significant increase in neopterin and a significant decrease in faecal zonulin levels after intervention, which was not observed in placebo-treated patients or patients with unchanged microbiome compositions. In conclusion, multispecies probiotics may enrich the microbiome of compensated cirrhotic patients with probiotic bacteria during a six-month intervention and beneficially change the residential microbiome and gut barrier function.
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Jahanshahi M, Maleki Dana P, Badehnoosh B, Asemi Z, Hallajzadeh J, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B, Moazzami B, Chaichian S. Anti-tumor activities of probiotics in cervical cancer. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:68. [PMID: 32527332 PMCID: PMC7291573 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is considered as an important malignancy among women worldwide. Currently-used treatments of cervical cancer are reported to be cytotoxic for patients. Moreover, these therapies have shown some side effects which can negatively affect the lives of women suffering from this cancer. Therefore, there is need for anti-tumor agents that are less toxic than common therapeutic drugs. Besides, applying agents for preventing or reducing the side effects of cervical cancer therapies can be effective in improving the life quality of cervical cancer patients. Studies have shown that probiotics have several effects on biological processes. One of the most prominent aspects in which probiotics play a role is in the field of cancer. There are multiple studies which have focused on the functions of probiotics in diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of cancer. Besides their direct anti-tumor activities, probiotics can be used as an additional agent for enhancing or modulating other diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Herein, the effects of probiotics on cervical cancer cells are discussed, which may be useful in the prevention and treatment of this cancer. We review the studies concerned with the roles of probiotics in modulating and reducing the gastrointestinal adverse effects caused by cervical cancer therapies. Furthermore, we cover the investigations focusing on the combination of probiotics with other drugs for diagnosis or treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moghaddaseh Jahanshahi
- Clinical Research Development Center (CRDC), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Parisa Maleki Dana
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Bita Badehnoosh
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Moazzami
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Chaichian
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Khurshid M, Akash MSH. Probiotic preparations for infantile gastroenteritis: the clinical and economic perspective. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:567-569. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad SH Akash
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Wang W, Luo X, Zhang Q, He X, Zhang Z, Wang X. Bifidobacterium infantis Relieves Allergic Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th1/Th2. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920583. [PMID: 32249275 PMCID: PMC7160606 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bifidobacteria are among the probiotics used in treating intestinal diseases and are rarely used for allergic asthma treatment. The present study investigated the mechanism of B. infantis in treating allergic asthma in mice. Material/Methods A total of 40 male Balb/c mice were randomized into control, ovalbumin (OVA), montelukast (Mon), and B. infantis (B10) groups, and allergic asthma was induced in the OVA, Mon, and B10 groups. Airway reactivity was measured on day 29 by methacholine at various doses. The numbers of total cells and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted by blood cell counter and Diff-Quik staining. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissues. Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in serum were measured by ELISA. Mucin 5AC expression was detected by Western blot to evaluate airway obstruction. The levels of Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) cytokines in BALF and tissues were detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR, respectively. Results The mice in the OVA group had airway hyperreactivity, while the symptoms in the B10 group and Mon group were effectively relieved. B10 reduced the number of inflammatory cells in BALF as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in tissues. Moreover, the levels of total serum IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and Mucin 5AC were increased in the OVA group, but were reduced in the Mon group and B10 group. B. infantis increased the levels of Th1 cytokines and decreased those of Th2 cytokines. Conclusions B. infantis can reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells induced by OVA-specific antibodies in mice. B. infantis has therapeutic effects on allergic asthma by promoting Th1 and inhibiting Th2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoming Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xujun He
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Yang B, Lu P, Li MX, Cai XL, Xiong WY, Hou HJ, Ha XQ. A meta-analysis of the effects of probiotics and synbiotics in children with acute diarrhea. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16618. [PMID: 31517810 PMCID: PMC6750275 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis assessed the effectiveness of probiotics and synbiotics for acute diarrhea (AD) in children and investigated probiotic formulations, types of interventions, and country factors. METHODS Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials evaluating the effects of probiotics or synbiotics on AD were analyzed. We followed the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. The risks of systematic errors (bias) and random errors were assessed, and the overall quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grades of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 34 studies with 4911 patients. Five and 29 studies presented the results of synbiotic and probiotic interventions, respectively. After intervention, the durations of diarrhea (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -16.63 [-20.16; -12.51]) and hospitalization (risk ratio (RR) = 0.59 [0.48; 0.73]) were shorter, the stool frequency on day 3 (WMD = -0.98 [-1.55; -0.40]) was decreased, and the incidence of diarrhea lasting 3 days was lower in the probiotic and synbiotic groups than in the control groups. Furthermore, in the subgroup analyses, synbiotics were more effective than probiotics at reducing the durations of diarrhea and hospitalization, and Saccharomyces and Bifidobacterium were more effective than Lactobacillus at reducing the duration of diarrhea. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis supports the potential beneficial roles of probiotics and synbiotics for AD in children. Further research is needed to determine problems associated with probiotic/synbiotic mixtures and appropriate dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Liberation Arimy Joint Service Support Unit 940 Hospital
- School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Lanzhou
| | - Ping Lu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Mei-Xuan Li
- Evidence Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Liberation Arimy Joint Service Support Unit 940 Hospital
| | - Wan-Yuan Xiong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Lanzhou
| | - Huai-Jing Hou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Lanzhou
| | - Xiao-Qin Ha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Liberation Arimy Joint Service Support Unit 940 Hospital
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Suppression of gut dysbiosis by Bifidobacterium longum alleviates cognitive decline in 5XFAD transgenic and aged mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11814. [PMID: 31413350 PMCID: PMC6694197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the role of commensal gut bacteria on the progression of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, we isolated anti-inflammatory Bifidobacterium longum (NK46) from human gut microbiota, which potently inhibited gut microbiota endotoxin production and suppressed NF-κB activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells, and examined whether NK46 could simultaneously alleviate gut dysbiosis and cognitive decline in male 5xFAD-transgenic (5XFAD-Tg, 6 months-old) and aged (18 months-old) mice. Oral administration of NK46 (1 × 109 CFU/mouse/day for 1 and 2 months in aged and Tg mice, respectively) shifted gut microbiota composition, particularly Proteobacteria, reduced fecal and blood LPS levels, suppressed NF-κB activation and TNF-α expression, and increased tight junction protein expression in the colon of 5XFAD-Tg and aged mice. NK46 treatment also alleviated cognitive decline in 5XFAD-Tg and aged mice. Furthermore, NK46 treatment suppressed amyloid-β, β/γ-secretases, and caspase-3 expression and amyloid-β accumulation in the hippocampus of 5XFAD-Tg mice. NK46 treatment also reduced Iba1+, LPS+/CD11b+, and caspase-3+/NeuN+ cell populations and suppressed NF-κB activation in the hippocampus of 5XFAD-Tg and aged mice, while BDNF expression was increased. These findings suggest that the suppression of gut dysbiosis and LPS production by NK46 can mitigate cognitive decline through the regulation of microbiota LPS-mediated NF-κB activation.
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Verma A, Xu K, Du T, Zhu P, Liang Z, Liao S, Zhang J, Raizada MK, Grant MB, Li Q. Expression of Human ACE2 in Lactobacillus and Beneficial Effects in Diabetic Retinopathy in Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 14:161-170. [PMID: 31380462 PMCID: PMC6661465 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) catalyzes the degradation of Angiotensin II (Ang II) to generate Angiotensin-(1-7), which reduces inflammation and oxidative stress stimulated by Ang II. ACE2 has been shown to be protective in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases including diabetes and its complications. However, the challenge for its clinical application is large-scale production of high-quality ACE2 with sufficient target tissue bioavailability. We developed an expression and delivery system based on the use of probiotic species Lactobacillus paracasei (LP) to serve as a live vector for oral delivery of human ACE2. We show that codon-optimized ACE2 can be efficiently expressed in LP. Mice treated with the recombinant LP expressing the secreted ACE2 in fusion with the non-toxic subunit B of cholera toxin, which acts as a carrier to facilitate transmucosal transport, showed increased ACE2 activities in serum and tissues. ACE2-LP administration reduced the number of acellular capillaries, blocked retinal ganglion cell loss, and decreased retinal inflammatory cytokine expression in two mouse models of diabetic retinopathy. These results provide proof of concept for feasibility of using engineered probiotic species as live vector for delivery of human ACE2 with enhanced tissue bioavailability for treating diabetic retinopathy, as well as other diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrisha Verma
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0284, USA
| | - Kang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0284, USA
| | - Tao Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0284, USA
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0284, USA
| | - Zhibing Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0284, USA
| | - Shengquan Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0284, USA
| | - Juantao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0284, USA
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology & Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0284, USA
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Riaz A, Noureen S, Liqat I, Arshad M, Arshad N. Antilisterial efficacy of Lactobacillus brevis MF179529 from cow: an in vivo evidence. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:37. [PMID: 30709347 PMCID: PMC6359795 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that causes human Listeriosis and high mortality particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Pregnant women are more prone to L. monocytogenes infection resulting in abortions. In the present study, antilisterial activity of Lactobacillus brevis (LB) MF179529, a probiotic bacterial strain, was investigated in a murine model. Methods Initially a pilot study was conducted to determine the dose of L. monocytogenes required to cause symptomatic listeriosis. In the main trial, mice were divided into 4 groups. Group I was kept as negative control, group II was exposed to L. monocytogenes and maintained as positive control. Group III was fed with L. brevis only, while group IV received L. brevis for 3 days prior to L. monocytogenes infection. A volume of 200 μl of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and L. brevis MF179529 bacterial suspension corresponding to cell density of 109CFU/ml were given to respective groups by intragastric route. Progress of infection was monitored for 7 days including general health scoring, listeria dispersion in organs, bacterial load in intestine and blood biochemistry were recorded on 3rd, 5th and 7th days post infection (dpi). Results Clinical listeriosis was induced by 109CFU/ml of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 in mice. Animals of group IV displayed minor signs of infection. L. brevis supplementation resulted in significant reduction in dispersion and propagation of L. monocytogenes in liver, spleen and intestine. L. brevis MF179529 consumption led to a significant elevation of number of lactic acid bacteria and reduction of total plate count, anaerobic count and coliform population in intestine. Moreover, total leukocyte and neutrophil counts of treated animals were similar to the negative control while positive control group displayed higher number. Safety evaluation of L. brevis was performed by monitoring general health, hematological and serological parameters of L. brevis fed and negative control group (group III and I). No significant difference in feed intake, body temperature, body weight and blood picture could be detected in L. brevis supplemented and control groups. Conclusion Our results indicate ameliorative role of L. brevis in L. monocytogenes infection and suggest that L. brevis could be used for prophylactic measure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2444-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Krumbeck JA, Walter J, Hutkins RW. Synbiotics for Improved Human Health: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2018; 9:451-479. [PMID: 29350558 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030117-012757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Research on combining pro- and prebiotics as synbiotics to enhance human and animal health has accelerated in the past 10 years, including many clinical trials that have assessed a diverse range of synbiotic formulations. In this review, we summarize these studies as well as the commercial applications of synbiotics that are available. In particular, we critically assess the claimed health benefits of synbiotic applications and the ecological and therapeutic factors to consider when designing synbiotics and discuss the implications of these concepts for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina A Krumbeck
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - Robert W Hutkins
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA;
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Spinler JK, Ross CL, Savidge TC. Probiotics as adjunctive therapy for preventing Clostridium difficile infection - What are we waiting for? Anaerobe 2016; 41:51-57. [PMID: 27180657 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the end of the golden era of antibiotic discovery, the emergence of a new post-antibiotic age threatens to thrust global health and modern medicine back to the pre-antibiotic era. Antibiotic overuse has resulted in the natural evolution and selection of multi-drug resistant bacteria. One major public health threat, Clostridium difficile, is now the single leading cause of hospital-acquired bacterial infections and is by far the most deadly enteric pathogen for the U.S. POPULATION Due to the high morbidity and mortality and increasing incidence that coincides with antibiotic use, non-traditional therapeutics are ideal alternatives to current treatment methods and also provide an avenue towards prevention. Despite the need for alternative therapies to antibiotics and the safety of most probiotics on the market, researchers are inundated with regulatory issues that hinder the translational science required to push these therapies forward. This review discusses the regulatory challenges of probiotic research, expert opinion regarding the application of probiotics to C. difficile infection and the efficacy of probiotics in preventing this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Spinler
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave., Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Caná L Ross
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave., Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tor C Savidge
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Ave., Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
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Akelma AZ, Kılıç Topçu Zİ. Probiotics and allergic diseases. World J Immunol 2016; 6:75-82. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v6.i1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases including atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and food allergy is increasing worldwide and they cause a big economic and social burden. Understanding of reasons that contribute to the etiology of allergic diseases as well as new treatment approaches are very important for the follow-up and prevention of these diseases. In recent years, probiotics seem to be promising for allergic diseases. The effect of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of eczema is more extensively studied, but little is known about the association of the microbial flora of the host and allergic airway diseases and the efficacy of probiotics in decreasing the symptoms of patients with asthma and rhinitis. Hitherto, there is no strong evidence for use of probiotics in the treatment of eczema; however, administration of probiotics in breastfeeding mothers in the prenatal period and infants in the postnatal period can be accepted as a safe and helpful option in the prevention of eczema. In contrast, there is not yet reliable evidence or recommendations on use of probiotics for the prevention or treatment of asthma, AR, food allergy, and anaphylaxis currently. More standardized studies should be performed with different strains of probiotics to evaluate the protective and therapeutic effects of probiotics on other allergic diseases as well as eczema. In this review, the relationship between allergy and probiotics is handled in the light of current literature.
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Abstract
This paper describes the consensus opinion of the participants in the 4th Triennial Yale/Harvard Workshop on Probiotic Recommendations. The recommendations update those of the first 3 meetings that were published in 2006, 2008, and 2011. Recommendations for the use of probiotics in necrotizing enterocolitis, childhood diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and Clostridium difficile diarrhea are reviewed. In addition, we have added recommendations for liver disease for the first time. As in previous publications, the recommendations are given as A, B, or C ratings.
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