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Vasconcelos PDSP, Andrade ALMB, Sandy NS, Barreto JCC, Gomez GS, Riccetto AGL, Lomazi EA, Bellomo-Brandão MÂ. Outcomes and factors associated with tolerance in infants with non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy with gastrointestinal manifestations. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100:40-45. [PMID: 37696495 PMCID: PMC10751709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate outcomes of oral food challenge (OFC) test to assess tolerance in infants with non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA) with gastrointestinal manifestations and explore clinical data predictive of these outcomes. METHODS Single-center retrospective study including infants (age < 12 months) who were referred for CMA between 2000 and 2018 and underwent OFC on follow-up. A univariate logistic regression test was performed to evaluate variables associated with the outcomes of the follow-up OFC test. RESULTS Eighty-two patients were included, 50% were male. Eighteen patients had a positive OFC test (22%). Most patients had presented with hematochezia (77%). The median age of symptom onset was 30 days. Two-thirds of the patients were on appropriate infant formula (extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid-based formula), exclusively or in association with breastfeeding. The median time on an elimination diet before the OFC test was 8 months (Q1 6 - Q3 11 months). All cases with positive follow-up OFC tests (n = 18) had been exposed to cow's milk-based formula before the first clinical manifestation of CMA. Five out of eight cases with Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) had positive OFC tests. Exposure to cow's milk-based formula before diagnosis, a history of other food allergies, hematochezia and diarrhea were predictors of a positive OFC test. CONCLUSIONS In infants with non-IgE-mediated CMPA with gastrointestinal manifestations, the use of cow's milk-based formula, a history of other food allergies, and hematochezia and diarrhea upon initial presentation were associated factors for the later achievement of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Príscila da Silva Pereira Vasconcelos
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Pediatria, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Centro de Investigação em Pediatria da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Campinas (CIPED), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (PPG-SCA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigação Diagnóstica de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Pediátrica, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Natascha Silva Sandy
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Pediatria, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigação Diagnóstica de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Pediátrica, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Corrêa Campos Barreto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Pediatria, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigação Diagnóstica de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Pediátrica, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Souza Gomez
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Pediatria, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigação Diagnóstica de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Pediátrica, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gut Lopes Riccetto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Pediatria, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Centro de Investigação em Pediatria da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Campinas (CIPED), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (PPG-SCA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizete Aparecida Lomazi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Pediatria, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Centro de Investigação em Pediatria da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Campinas (CIPED), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (PPG-SCA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Ângela Bellomo-Brandão
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Departamento de Pediatria, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Centro de Investigação em Pediatria da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Campinas (CIPED), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente (PPG-SCA), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigação Diagnóstica de Gastroenterologia e Hepatologia Pediátrica, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Estcourt MJ, Marsh JA, Campbell DE, Gold MS, Allen KJ, Richmond P, Waddington CS, Snelling TL. Protocol for Pertussis Immunisation and Food Allergy (PIFA): a case-control study of the association between pertussis vaccination in infancy and the risk of IgE-mediated food allergy among Australian children. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020232. [PMID: 29391374 PMCID: PMC5878256 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic diseases, including food allergy, have become a predominant cause of chronic illness among children in developed countries. In Australia, a rise in hospitalisations among infants coded as anaphylaxis to foods coincided with the replacement of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine with subunit acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine on the national immunisation schedule in the late 1990s. Atopy is characterised by a tendency to mount T helper type 2 (Th2) responses to otherwise innocuous environmental antigens. Compared with infants who receive aP as their first pertussis vaccine, those who receive wP appear less likely to mount Th2 immune responses to either vaccine or extraneous antigens. We therefore speculate that removal of wP from the vaccine schedule contributed to the observed rise in IgE-mediated food allergy among Australian infants. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a retrospective individually matched case-control study among a cohort of Australian children born from 1997 to 1999, the period of transition from wP to aP vaccines; we include in the cohort children listed on Australia's comprehensive population-based immunisation register as having received a first dose of either pertussis vaccine by 16 weeks old. 500 cohort children diagnosed as having IgE-mediated food allergy at specialist allergy clinics will be included as cases. Controls matched to each case by date and jurisdiction of birth and regional socioeconomic index will be sampled from the immunisation register. Conditional logistic regression will be used to estimate OR (±95% CI) of receipt of wP (vs aP) as the first vaccine dose among cases compared with controls. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is approved by all relevant human research ethics committees: Western Australia Child and Adolescent Health Services (2015052EP), Women's and Children's Hospital (HREC/15/WCHN/162), Royal Children's Hospital (35230A) and Sydney Children's Hospital Network (HREC/15/SCHN/405). Outcomes will be disseminated through publication and scientific presentation. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02490007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Estcourt
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julie A Marsh
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Applied Statistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dianne E Campbell
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael S Gold
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Katrina J Allen
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Richmond
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Child Health Research, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Claire S Waddington
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Child Health Research, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas L Snelling
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Abstract
Apart from its classical function in bone and calcium metabolism, vitamin D is also involved in immune regulation and has been linked to various cancers, immune disorders and allergic diseases. Within the innate and adaptive immune systems, the vitamin D receptor and enzymes in monocytes, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes mediate the immune modulatory actions of vitamin D. Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency early in life has been identified as one of the risk factors for food allergy. Several studies have observed an association between increasing latitude and food allergy prevalence, plausibly linked to lower ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and vitamin D synthesis in the skin. Along with mounting epidemiological evidence of a link between vitamin D status and food allergy, mice and human studies have shed light on the modulatory properties of vitamin D on the innate and adaptive immune systems. This review will summarize the literature on the metabolism and immune modulatory properties of vitamin D, with particular reference to food allergy.
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Zhang NN, Park DK, Park HJ. The inhibitory activity of atractylenolide Ш, a sesquiterpenoid, on IgE-mediated mast cell activation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:278-285. [PMID: 23149288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE AT Ш, a sesquiterpenoid, is the major component of Atractylodes japonica Koidz that has been used as a traditional oriental medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the anti-allergic activity of AT Ш and its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The released amount of β-hexosaminidase in mast cells, a key parameter of degranulation, was measured. Anti-allergic potential of AT Ш was evaluated using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in vivo. The anti-allergic mechanism of AT Ш was investigated by immunoblotting analysis, RT-PCR and measurement of [Ca(2+)]i in mast cells. RESULTS AT Ш significantly inhibited IgE/Ag-mediated degranulation with an IC(50) value (36 ± 4 μM) in RBL-2H3 cells without affecting cell viability. It also suppressed IgE/Ag-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) response with an ED(50) value (65 ± 41 mg/kg) in vivo. AT Ш suppressed the production of interleukin (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNAs more potent than the Src-family kinase inhibitor PP2 in RBL-2H3 cells at all concentrations. In order to elucidate the anti-allergic mechanisms of AT Ш in mast cells, we examined the activated levels of signaling molecules. AT Ш inhibited the phosphorylation of Lyn, Fyn, Syk, LAT, PLCγ, Gab2, Akt, p38, and JNK kinases expression. IgE/Ag-mediated [Ca(2+)]i elevation was significantly inhibited by AT Ш. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that AT Ш might be used as a therapeutic agent for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-nan Zhang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Wisniewski J, Lieberman J, Nowak-Węgrzyn A, Kerkar N, Arnon R, Iyer K, Miloh T. De novo food sensitization and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease in children post-liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2012; 26:E365-71. [PMID: 22694084 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0012.2012.01670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children have increased prevalence of food allergy (FA) and eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) following liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify related risk factors. METHODS Chart review of pediatric liver transplant (LT) recipients with de novo FA and/or EGID post-LT and non-allergic controls. RESULTS We identified 30 (8.5%) children with FA and/or EGID among 352 pediatric LT recipients. Median age at transplant was 0.9 inter-quartile range (IQR 0.6-2.0) years. FA developed at a median 1.0 (IQR 0.5-8.2) yr post-LT and manifested with gastrointestinal symptoms (53%) or urticaria/angioedema (40%). Commonly avoided foods included milk (60%), egg (57%), and peanut (47%). Of the 15 children with FA who underwent endoscopy, 11 had eosinophilic infiltrates in multiple segments of the esophagus alone or in combination with other bowel segments. FA and EGID were linked to transplantation at a younger age (median, 0.9 vs. 5.5 yr), higher frequency of blood eosinophilia, and prior history of rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Tacrolimus use and tacrolimus serum levels were similar between allergic subjects and controls. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that exposure to tacrolimus alone post-LT is insufficient to initiate de novo allergic disease in LT recipients; rather, younger age and underlying predisposition to atopic disease may play larger roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wisniewski
- Asthma and Allergic Diseases Center, the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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German JB, Zivkovic AM, Dallas DC, Smilowitz JT. Nutrigenomics and personalized diets: What will they mean for food? Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2012; 2:97-123. [PMID: 22129377 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.food.102308.124147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The modern food system feeds six billion people with remarkable diversity, safety, and nutrition. Yet, the current rise in diet-related diseases is compromising health and devaluing many aspects of modern agriculture. Steps to increase the nutritional quality of individual foods will assist in personalizing health and in guiding individuals to achieve superior health. Nutrigenomics is the scientific field of the genetic basis for varying susceptibilities to disease and the diverse responses to foods. Although some of these genetic determinants will be simple and amenable to personal genotyping as the means to predict health, in practice most will not. As a result, genotyping will not be the secret to personalizing diet and health. Human assessment technologies from imaging to proteomics and metabolomics are providing tools to both understand and accurately assess the nutritional phenotype of individuals. The business models are also emerging to bring these assessment capabilities to industrial practice, in which consumers will know more about their personal health and seek personal solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Functional transforming growth factor-β receptor type II expression by CD4+ T cells in Peyer's patches is essential for oral tolerance induction. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27501. [PMID: 22087328 PMCID: PMC3210179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that Peyer's patches (PPs) play a key role in the induction of oral tolerance. Therefore, we hypothesized that PPs are an important site for Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)- β signaling and sought to prove that this tissue is of importance in oral tolerance induction. We found that expression of TGF-β type II receptor (TGFβRII) by CD4+ T cells increases and persists in the PPs of normal C57BL/6 mice after either high- or low-dose feeding of OVA when compared to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and spleen. Approximately one-third of these TGFβRII+ CD4+ T cells express the transcription factor Foxp3. Interestingly, the number of TGFβRII+ CD4+ T cells in PPs decreased when OVA-fed mice were orally challenged with OVA plus native cholera toxin (CT). In contrast, numbers of TGFβRII+ CD4+ T cells were increased in the intestinal lamina propria (iLP) of these challenged mice. Further, these PP CD4+ TGFβRII+ T cells upregulated Foxp3 within 2 hours after OVA plus CT challenge. Mice fed PBS and challenged with OVA plus CT did not reveal any changes in TGFβRII expression by CD4+ T cells. In order to test the functional property of TGFβRII in the induction of oral tolerance, CD4dnTGFβRII transgenic mice, in which TGFβRII signaling is abrogated from all CD4+ T cells, were employed. Importantly, these mice could not develop oral tolerance to OVA. Our studies show a critical, dose-independent, role for TGFβRII expression and function by CD4+ T cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues, further underlining the vital role of PPs in oral tolerance.
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Burton OT, Oettgen HC. Beyond immediate hypersensitivity: evolving roles for IgE antibodies in immune homeostasis and allergic diseases. Immunol Rev 2011; 242:128-43. [PMID: 21682742 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies have long been recognized as the antigen-specific triggers of allergic reactions. This review briefly introduces the established functions of IgE in immediate hypersensitivity and then focuses on emerging evidence from our own investigations as well as those of others that IgE plays important roles in protective immunity against parasites and exerts regulatory influences in the expression of its own receptors, FcεRI and CD23, as well as controlling mast cell homeostasis. We provide an overview of the multifaceted ways in which IgE antibodies contribute to the pathology of food allergy and speculate regarding potential mechanisms of action of IgE blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver T Burton
- Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Giavi S, Megremis S, Papadopoulos NG. Lymphocyte stimulation test for the diagnosis of non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy: a step closer to a noninvasive diagnostic tool? Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 157:1-2. [PMID: 21894022 DOI: 10.1159/000327833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
Food allergy is a substantial and evolving public health issue, recently emerging over the last 10-15 yr as a 'second wave' of the allergy epidemic. It remains unclear why this new phenomenon has lagged decades behind the 'first wave' of asthma, allergic rhinitis and inhalant sensitization. In regions like Australia, which lead the respiratory epidemic, challenge-proven IgE-mediated food allergy now affects up to 10% of infants. Although their parents were among the first generation to experience the large-scale rise in allergic diseases, disorders of oral tolerance were previously uncommon. Of further concern, this new generation appears less likely to outgrow food allergy than their predecessors with long-term implications for disease burden. Allergic disease has been linked to the modern lifestyle including changing dietary patterns, changing intestinal commensal bacteria and vehicular pollution. It is not yet known whether the rise in food allergy is a harbinger of earlier and more severe effects of these progressive environmental changes or whether additional or unrelated lifestyle factors are implicated. New studies suggest environmental factors can produce epigenetic changes in gene expression and disease risk that may be potentially heritable across generations. The rising rates of maternal allergy, a strong direct determinant of allergic risk, could also be amplifying the effect of environmental changes. Preliminary evidence that non-Caucasian populations may be even more susceptible to the adverse effects of 'westernisation' has substantial global implications with progressive urbanization of the more populous regions in the developing world. Unravelling the environmental drivers is critical to curtail a potential tsunami of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Prescott
- Princess Margaret Hospital and School Paediatrics and Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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