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Kamal M, Joanisse S, Parise G. Bleomycin-treated myoblasts undergo p21-associated cellular senescence and have severely impaired differentiation. GeroScience 2024; 46:1843-1859. [PMID: 37751045 PMCID: PMC10828175 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As we age, the ability to regenerate and repair skeletal muscle damage declines, partially due to increasing dysfunction of muscle resident stem cells-satellite cells (SC). Recent evidence implicates cellular senescence, which is the irreversible arrest of proliferation, as a potentiator of SC impairment during aging. However, little is known about the role of senescence in SC, and there is a large discrepancy in senescence classification within skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to develop a model of senescence in skeletal muscle myoblasts and identify how common senescence-associated biomarkers respond. Low-passage C2C12 myoblasts were treated with bleomycin or vehicle and then evaluated for cytological and molecular senescence markers, proliferation status, cell cycle kinetics, and differentiation potential. Bleomycin treatment caused double-stranded DNA breaks, which upregulated p21 mRNA and protein, potentially through NF-κB and senescence-associated super enhancer (SASE) signaling (p < 0.01). Consequently, cell proliferation was abruptly halted due to G2/M-phase arrest (p < 0.01). Bleomycin-treated myoblasts displayed greater senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining (p < 0.01), which increased over several days. These myoblasts remained senescent following 6 days of differentiation and had significant impairments in myotube formation (p < 0.01). Furthermore, our results show that senescence can be maintained despite the lack of p16 gene expression in C2C12 myoblasts. In conclusion, bleomycin treatment provides a valid model of damage-induced senescence that was associated with elevated p21, reduced myoblast proliferation, and aberrant cell cycle kinetics, while confirming that a multi-marker approach is needed for the accurate classification of senescence within skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kamal
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sophie Joanisse
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sport Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Gianni Parise
- Exercise Metabolism Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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2
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Yuan H, Dong L, Zhang O, Wang X, Chen Z, Li Y, He H, Lü G, Li J, Kuang L. A comparison of interferential current efficacy in elderly intervertebral disc degeneration patients with or without sarcopenia: a retrospective study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:214. [PMID: 38481194 PMCID: PMC10935844 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07337-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration and sarcopenia are both age-related diseases without effective treatments. Their comorbidities may worsen the prognosis, and further studies on interaction and therapy are needed. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in intervertebral disc degeneration, and to compare the characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration with and without sarcopenia and effects of interferential current. METHODS One hundred twenty disc degeneration patients were included from 2021 to 2022 in a single institute. Medical records, examination results and radiological reports were reviewed. Patients with sarcopenia were screened and grouped according to Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019. VAS, ODI, SARC-F, SMI, gait speed (GS), grip strength, disc Pfirrmann grading, standard cross-sectional area (SCSA), degree of fatty infiltration (DFF), and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were assessed before and after treatment. RESULTS The prevalence of sarcopenia in intervertebral disc degeneration was 28.3%. The difference of VAS, ODI, disc Pfirrmann grading, SCSA, DFF and NCV between two groups were significant before intervention (P < 0.05), SCSA and DFF were related to the degree of disc degeneration. The improvement of SMI, GS, grip strength, VAS, SARC-F and ODI in intervertebral disc degeneration with sarcopenia group was significant after intervention, as well as SMI, GS, grip strength, VAS and ODI in those without sarcopenia (P < 0.05). The improvement of grip strength, GS, ODI and SARC-F in intervertebral disc degeneration with sarcopenia group were greater than the one without sarcopenia (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significance in improvement degree of other indicators between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of sarcopenia was high in intervertebral disc degeneration, and paravertebral muscles degeneration correlated with the degree of disc degeneration. Compared to those without sarcopenia, intervertebral disc degeneration patients with sarcopenia have more severe pain, poorer mobility and neurological function. Interferential current is effective in intervertebral disc degeneration patients and sarcopenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yuan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410001, P.R. China
| | - Lini Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410001, P.R. China
| | - Ou Zhang
- Medical Education and Microbiology, California University of Science and Medicine, 1501 Violet Street, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410001, P.R. China
| | - Zejun Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410001, P.R. China
| | - Yunchao Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410001, P.R. China
| | - Haoyu He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410001, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Lü
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410001, P.R. China.
| | - Lei Kuang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410001, P.R. China.
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3
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Witham MD, Granic A, Pearson E, Robinson SM, Sayer AA. Repurposing Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus as Potential Pharmacological Treatments for Sarcopenia - A Narrative Review. Drugs Aging 2023:10.1007/s40266-023-01042-4. [PMID: 37486575 PMCID: PMC10371965 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-023-01042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle strength and mass or quality, is a common condition with major adverse consequences. Although the pathophysiology is incompletely understood, there are common mechanisms between sarcopenia and the phenomenon of accelerated ageing seen in diabetes mellitus. Drugs currently used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus may have mechanisms of action that are relevant to the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, for those with type 2 diabetes and those without diabetes. This review summarises shared pathophysiology between sarcopenia and diabetes mellitus, including the effects of advanced glycation end products, mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation and changes to the insulin signalling pathway. Cellular and animal models have generated intriguing, albeit mixed, evidence that supports possible beneficial effects on skeletal muscle function for some classes of drugs used to treat diabetes, including metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors. Most human observational and intervention evidence for the effects of these drugs has been derived from populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and there is a need for intervention studies for older people with, and at risk of, sarcopenia to further investigate the balance of benefit and risk in these target populations. Not all diabetes treatments will be safe to use in those without diabetes because of variable side effects across classes. However, some agents [including glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors] have already demonstrated benefits in populations without diabetes, and it is these agents, along with metformin, that hold out the most promise for further investigation in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Witham
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ewan Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Dundee Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sian M Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Newcastle University Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland and Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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4
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Kim J, Lee JY, Kim CY. A Comprehensive Review of Pathological Mechanisms and Natural Dietary Ingredients for the Management and Prevention of Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112625. [PMID: 37299588 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function and has been recognized as a clinical disease by the World Health Organization since 2016. Substantial evidence has suggested that dietary modification can be a feasible tool to combat sarcopenia. Among various natural dietary ingredients, the present study focused on botanical and marine extracts, phytochemicals, and probiotics. Aims of this review were (1) to provide basic concepts including the definition, diagnosis, prevalence, and adverse effects of sarcopenia, (2) to describe possible pathological mechanisms including protein homeostasis imbalance, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and satellite cells dysfunction, and (3) to analyze recent experimental studies reporting potential biological functions against sarcopenia. A recent literature review for dietary ingredients demonstrated that protein homeostasis is maintained via an increase in the PI3K/Akt pathway and/or a decrease in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Regulation of inflammation has primarily targeted inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Elevated Pgc-1α or Pax7 expression reverses mitochondrial or satellite cell dysfunction. This review provides the current knowledge on dietary components with the potential to assist sarcopenia prevention and/or treatment. Further in-depth studies are required to elucidate the role of and develop various dietary materials for healthier aging, particularly concerning muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhae Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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5
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Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells in Aging: Asymmetric/Symmetric Division Switching. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14122676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In aged muscle, satellite cells’ symmetric and asymmetric divisions are impaired, and intrinsic and extrinsic complex mechanisms govern these processes. This review presents many updated aspects regarding muscle stem cells’ fate in normal and aging conditions. The balance between self-renewal and commitment divisions contributes to muscle regeneration, muscle homeostasis, aging, and disease. Stimulating muscle regeneration in aging could be a therapeutic target, but there is still a need to understand the many mechanisms that influence each other in satellite cells and their niche. We highlight here the general outlines regarding satellite cell divisions, the primary markers present in muscle stem cells, the aging aspects concerning signaling pathways involved in symmetric/asymmetric divisions, the regenerative capacity of satellite cells and their niche alteration in senescent muscle, genetics and epigenetics mechanisms implied in satellite cells aging and exercise effect on muscle regeneration in the elderly.
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6
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Liang Z, Zhang T, Liu H, Li Z, Peng L, Wang C, Wang T. Inflammaging: The ground for sarcopenia? Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111931. [PMID: 35985553 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disease that occurs most commonly in the elderly population, contributing to increased costs and hospitalization. Exercise and nutritional therapy have been proven to be effective for sarcopenia, and some drugs can also alleviate declines in muscle mass and function due to sarcopenia. However, there is no specific pharmacological treatment for sarcopenia at present. This review will mainly discuss the relationship between inflammaging and sarcopenia. The increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines with aging may be because of cellular senescence, immunosenescence, alterations in adipose tissue, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and gut microbes due to aging. These sources of inflammaging can impact the sarcopenia process through direct or indirect pathways. Conversely, sarcopenia can also aggravate the process of inflammaging, creating a vicious cycle. Targeting sources of inflammaging can influence muscle function, which could be considered a therapeutic target for sarcopenia. Moreover, not only proinflammatory cytokines but also anti-inflammatory cytokines can influence muscle and inflammation and participate in the progression of sarcopenia. This review focuses on the effects of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10, which can be detected in plasma. Therefore, clearing chronic inflammation by targeting proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6) and the inflammatory pathway (JAK/STAT, autophagy, NF-κB) may be effective in treating sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Liang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxiao Zhang
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Health Park, CF14 4XN Wales, UK
| | - Honghong Liu
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, NO.37 Alley, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Lihong Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, PR China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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7
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Mechanisms of Estrogen Influence on Skeletal Muscle: Mass, Regeneration, and Mitochondrial Function. Sports Med 2022; 52:2853-2869. [PMID: 35907119 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human menopause is widely associated with impaired skeletal muscle quality and significant metabolic dysfunction. These observations pose significant challenges to the quality of life and mobility of the aging population, and are of relevance when considering the significantly greater losses in muscle mass and force-generating capacity of muscle from post-menopausal females relative to age-matched males. In this regard, the influence of estrogen on skeletal muscle has become evident across human, animal, and cell-based studies. Beneficial effects of estrogen have become apparent in mitigation of muscle injury and enhanced post-damage repair via various mechanisms, including prophylactic effects on muscle satellite cell number and function, as well as membrane stability and potential antioxidant influences following injury, exercise, and/or mitochondrial stress. In addition to estrogen replacement in otherwise deficient states, exercise has been found to serve as a means of augmenting and/or mimicking the effects of estrogen on skeletal muscle function in recent literature. Detailed mechanisms behind the estrogenic effect on muscle mass, strength, as well as the injury response are beginning to be elucidated and point to estrogen-mediated molecular cross talk amongst signalling pathways, such as apoptotic signaling, contractile protein modifications, including myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation, and the maintenance of muscle satellite cells. This review discusses current understandings and highlights new insights regarding the role of estrogen in skeletal muscle, with particular regard to muscle mass, mitochondrial function, the response to muscle damage, and the potential implications for human physiology and mobility.
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8
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Barbiera A, Sorrentino S, Fard D, Lepore E, Sica G, Dobrowolny G, Tamagnone L, Scicchitano BM. Taurine Administration Counteracts Aging-Associated Impingement of Skeletal Muscle Regeneration by Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051016. [PMID: 35624880 PMCID: PMC9137670 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, which occurs during aging, is characterized by the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, resulting in a functional decline in physical abilities. Several factors contribute to the onset of sarcopenia, including reduced regenerative capacity, chronic low-grade inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased oxidative stress, leading to the activation of catabolic pathways. Physical activity and adequate protein intake are considered effective strategies able to reduce the incidence and severity of sarcopenia by exerting beneficial effects in improving the muscular anabolic response during aging. Taurine is a non-essential amino acid that is highly expressed in mammalian tissues and, particularly, in skeletal muscle where it is involved in the regulation of biological processes and where it acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory factor. Here, we evaluated whether taurine administration in old mice counteracts the physiopathological effects of aging in skeletal muscle. We showed that, in injured muscle, taurine enhances the regenerative process by downregulating the inflammatory response and preserving muscle fiber integrity. Moreover, taurine attenuates ROS production in aged muscles by maintaining a proper cellular redox balance, acting as an antioxidant molecule. Although further studies are needed to better elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect of taurine on skeletal muscle homeostasis, these data demonstrate that taurine administration ameliorates the microenvironment allowing an efficient regenerative process and attenuation of the catabolic pathways related to the onset of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Barbiera
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.S.); (D.F.); (G.S.); (L.T.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Sorrentino
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.S.); (D.F.); (G.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Damon Fard
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.S.); (D.F.); (G.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Elisa Lepore
- DAHFMO-Unità di Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161 Roma, Italy; (E.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.S.); (D.F.); (G.S.); (L.T.)
| | - Gabriella Dobrowolny
- DAHFMO-Unità di Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161 Roma, Italy; (E.L.); (G.D.)
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.S.); (D.F.); (G.S.); (L.T.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy; (A.B.); (S.S.); (D.F.); (G.S.); (L.T.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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9
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Roman W, Muñoz-Cánoves P. Muscle is a stage, and cells and factors are merely players. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:835-840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Baker LA, O'Sullivan TF, Robinson KA, Graham-Brown MPM, Major RW, Ashford RU, Smith AC, Philp A, Watson EL. Primary skeletal muscle cells from chronic kidney disease patients retain hallmarks of cachexia in vitro. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1238-1249. [PMID: 35029054 PMCID: PMC8978027 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting and dysfunction are common characteristics noted in people who suffer from chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mechanisms by which this occurs are complex, and although progress has been made, the key underpinning mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. With work to date primarily conducted in nephrectomy-based animal models, translational capacity to our patient population has been challenging. This could be overcome if rationale developing work could be conducted in human based models with greater translational capacity. This could be achieved using cells derived from patient biopsies, if they retain phenotypic traits noted in vivo. METHODS Here, we performed a systematic characterization of CKD derived muscle cells (CKD; n = 10; age: 54.40 ± 15.53 years; eGFR: 22.25 ± 13.22 ml/min/1.73 m2 ) in comparison with matched controls (CON; n = 10; age: 58.66 ± 14.74 years; eGFR: 85.81 ± 8.09 ml/min/1.73 m2 ). Harvested human derived muscle cells (HDMCs) were taken through proliferative and differentiation phases and investigated in the context of myogenic progression, inflammation, protein synthesis, and protein breakdown. Follow up investigations exposed HDMC myotubes from each donor type to 0, 0.4, and 100 nM of IGF-1 in order to investigate any differences in anabolic resistance. RESULTS Harvested human derived muscle cells isolated from CKD patients displayed higher rates of protein degradation (P = 0.044) alongside elevated expression of both TRIM63 (2.28-fold higher, P = 0.054) and fbox32 (6.4-fold higher, P < 0.001) in comparison with CONs. No differences were noted in rates of protein synthesis under basal conditions (P > 0.05); however, CKD derived cells displayed a significant degree of anabolic resistance in response to IGF-1 stimulation (both doses) in comparison with matched CONs (0.4 nm: P < 0.001; 100 nM: P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In summary, we report for the first time that HDMCs isolated from people suffering from CKD display key hallmarks of the well documented in vivo phenotype. Not only do these findings provide further mechanistic insight into CKD specific cachexia, but they also demonstrate this is a reliable and suitable model in which to perform targeted experiments to begin to develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting the CKD associated decline in skeletal muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Baker
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | - Matthew P M Graham-Brown
- John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Science, NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - Rupert W Major
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert U Ashford
- Leicester Orthopaedics, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alice C Smith
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew Philp
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma L Watson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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11
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Cellular Senescence and Aging in Myotonic Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042339. [PMID: 35216455 PMCID: PMC8877951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a dominantly inherited multisystemic disorder affecting various organs, such as skeletal muscle, heart, the nervous system, and the eye. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) are caused by expanded CTG and CCTG repeats, respectively. In both forms, the mutant transcripts containing expanded repeats aggregate as nuclear foci and sequester several RNA-binding proteins, resulting in alternative splicing dysregulation. Although certain alternative splicing events are linked to the clinical DM phenotypes, the molecular mechanisms underlying multiple DM symptoms remain unclear. Interestingly, multi-systemic DM manifestations, including muscle weakness, cognitive impairment, cataract, and frontal baldness, resemble premature aging. Furthermore, cellular senescence, a critical contributor to aging, is suggested to play a key role in DM cellular pathophysiology. In particular, several senescence inducers including telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress and senescence biomarkers such as cell cycle inhibitors, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, chromatin reorganization, and microRNA have been implicated in DM pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on the clinical similarities between DM and aging, and summarize the involvement of cellular senescence in DM and the potential application of anti-aging DM therapies.
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12
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Anderson JE. Key concepts in muscle regeneration: muscle "cellular ecology" integrates a gestalt of cellular cross-talk, motility, and activity to remodel structure and restore function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:273-300. [PMID: 34928395 PMCID: PMC8685813 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review identifies some key concepts of muscle regeneration, viewed from perspectives of classical and modern research. Early insights noted the pattern and sequence of regeneration across species was similar, regardless of the type of injury, and differed from epimorphic limb regeneration. While potential benefits of exercise for tissue repair was debated, regeneration was not presumed to deliver functional restoration, especially after ischemia-reperfusion injury; muscle could develop fibrosis and ectopic bone and fat. Standard protocols and tools were identified as necessary for tracking injury and outcomes. Current concepts vastly extend early insights. Myogenic regeneration occurs within the environment of muscle tissue. Intercellular cross-talk generates an interactive system of cellular networks that with the extracellular matrix and local, regional, and systemic influences, forms the larger gestalt of the satellite cell niche. Regenerative potential and adaptive plasticity are overlain by epigenetically regionalized responsiveness and contributions by myogenic, endothelial, and fibroadipogenic progenitors and inflammatory and metabolic processes. Muscle architecture is a living portrait of functional regulatory hierarchies, while cellular dynamics, physical activity, and muscle-tendon-bone biomechanics arbitrate regeneration. The scope of ongoing research-from molecules and exosomes to morphology and physiology-reveals compelling new concepts in muscle regeneration that will guide future discoveries for use in application to fitness, rehabilitation, and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy E Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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13
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He Y, Xie W, Li H, Jin H, Zhang Y, Li Y. Cellular Senescence in Sarcopenia: Possible Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:793088. [PMID: 35083219 PMCID: PMC8784872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.793088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging promotes most degenerative pathologies in mammals, which are characterized by progressive decline of function at molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal levels and account for a host of health care expenditures in both developing and developed nations. Sarcopenia is a prominent age-related disorder in musculoskeletal system. Defined as gradual and generalized chronic skeletal muscle disorder, sarcopenia involves accelerated loss of muscle mass, strength and function, which is associated with increased adverse functional outcomes and evolutionally refers to muscle wasting accompanied by other geriatric syndromes. More efforts have been made to clarify mechanisms underlying sarcopenia and new findings suggest that it may be feasible to delay age-related sarcopenia by modulating fundamental mechanisms such as cellular senescence. Cellular senescence refers to the essentially irreversible growth arrest mainly regulated by p53/p21CIP1 and p16INK4a/pRB pathways as organism ages, possibly detrimentally contributing to sarcopenia via muscle stem cells (MuSCs) dysfunction and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) while cellular senescence may have beneficial functions in counteracting cancer progression, tissue regeneration and wound healing. By now diverse studies in mice and humans have established that targeting cellular senescence is a powerful strategy to alleviating sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms through which senescent cells contribute to sarcopenia progression need to be further researched. We review the possible mechanisms involved in muscle stem cells (MuSCs) dysfunction and the SASP resulting from cellular senescence, their associations with sarcopenia, current emerging therapeutic opportunities based on targeting cellular senescence relevant to sarcopenia, and potential paths to developing clinical interventions genetically or pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hengzhen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongfu Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Molina T, Fabre P, Dumont NA. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors in skeletal muscle homeostasis, regeneration and diseases. Open Biol 2021; 11:210110. [PMID: 34875199 PMCID: PMC8651418 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity that relies on the activity of muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. The presence of non-myogenic cells also plays a key role in the coordination of skeletal muscle regeneration. Particularly, fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) emerged as master regulators of muscle stem cell function and skeletal muscle regeneration. This population of muscle resident mesenchymal stromal cells has been initially characterized based on its bi-potent ability to differentiate into fibroblasts or adipocytes. New technologies such as single-cell RNAseq revealed the cellular heterogeneity of FAPs and their complex regulatory network during muscle regeneration. In acute injury, FAPs rapidly enter the cell cycle and secrete trophic factors that support the myogenic activity of muscle stem cells. Conversely, deregulation of FAP cell activity is associated with the accumulation of fibrofatty tissue in pathological conditions such as muscular dystrophies and ageing. Considering their central role in skeletal muscle pathophysiology, the regulatory mechanisms of FAPs and their cellular and molecular crosstalk with muscle stem cells are highly investigated in the field. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on FAP cell characteristics, heterogeneity and the cellular crosstalk during skeletal muscle homeostasis and regeneration. We further describe their role in muscular disorders, as well as different therapeutic strategies targeting these cells to restore muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Molina
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul Fabre
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas A. Dumont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Moustogiannis A, Philippou A, Taso O, Zevolis E, Pappa M, Chatzigeorgiou A, Koutsilieris M. The Effects of Muscle Cell Aging on Myogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073721. [PMID: 33918414 PMCID: PMC8038215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of myogenesis gradually deteriorates as the skeletal muscle ages, contributing to muscle mass loss. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of senescence/aging on skeletal myogenesis, in vitro. A model of multiple cell divisions of C2C12 myoblasts was used to replicate cell senescence. Control and aged myoblasts were investigated during myogenesis, i.e., at days 0, 2, and 6of differentiation. SA-β-gal activity and comet assay were used as markers of aging and DNA damage. Flow cytometry was performed to characterize potential differences in cell cycle between control and aged cells. Alterations in the mRNA and/or protein expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), IGF-1 isoforms, apoptotic, atrophy, inflammatory, metabolic and aging-related factors were evaluated. Compared with the control cells, aged myoblasts exhibited G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, increased SA-β-gal activity, and increased expression of aging-related factors p16 and p21 during differentiation. Moreover, aged myoblasts showed a reduction in the expression of MRFs and metabolic/anabolic factors, along with an increased expression of apoptotic, atrophy and inflammatory factors. A diminished differentiation capacity characterized the aged myoblasts which, in combination with the induction of apoptotic and atrophy factors, indicated a disrupted myogenic lineage in the senescent muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Moustogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-7462690; Fax: +30-210-7462571
| | - Anastassios Philippou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Orjona Taso
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Evangelos Zevolis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Pappa
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece;
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 MicrasAsias, 115 27 Goudi-Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (O.T.); (E.Z.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
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16
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Salvadori L, Mandrone M, Manenti T, Ercolani C, Cornioli L, Lianza M, Tomasi P, Chiappalupi S, Di Filippo ES, Fulle S, Poli F, Sorci G, Riuzzi F. Identification of Withania somnifera-Silybum marianum-Trigonella foenum-graecum Formulation as a Nutritional Supplement to Contrast Muscle Atrophy and Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2020; 13:E49. [PMID: 33375229 PMCID: PMC7824275 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Muscle atrophy, i.e., the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is an unresolved problem associated with aging (sarcopenia) and several pathological conditions. The imbalance between myofibrillary protein breakdown (especially the adult isoforms of myosin heavy chain, MyHC) and synthesis, and the reduction of muscle regenerative potential are main causes of muscle atrophy. Methods: Starting from one-hundred dried hydroalcoholic extracts of medical plants, we identified those able to contrast the reduction of C2C12 myotube diameter in well-characterized in vitro models mimicking muscle atrophy associated to inflammatory states, glucocorticoid treatment or nutrient deprivation. Based on their ability to rescue type II MyHC (MyHC-II) expression in atrophying conditions, six extracts with different phytochemical profiles were selected, mixed in groups of three, and tested on atrophic myotubes. The molecular mechanism underpinning the effects of the most efficacious formulation, and its efficacy on myotubes obtained from muscle biopsies of young and sarcopenic subjects were also investigated. Results: We identified WST (Withania somnifera, Silybum marianum, Trigonella foenum-graecum) formulation as extremely efficacious in protecting C2C12 myotubes against MyHC-II degradation by stimulating Akt (protein kinase B)-dependent protein synthesis and p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase)/myogenin-dependent myoblast differentiation. WST sustains trophism in C2C12 and young myotubes, and rescues the size, developmental MyHC expression and myoblast fusion in sarcopenic myotubes. Conclusion: WST strongly counteracts muscle atrophy associated to different conditions in vitro. The future validation in vivo of our results might lead to the use of WST as a food supplement to sustain muscle mass in diffuse atrophying conditions, and to reverse the age-related functional decline of human muscles, thus improving people quality of life and reducing social and health-care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Salvadori
- Department Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (E.S.D.F.); (S.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (P.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Tommaso Manenti
- Biokyma srl Laboratories, 52031 Anghiari, Italy; (T.M.); (C.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Catia Ercolani
- Biokyma srl Laboratories, 52031 Anghiari, Italy; (T.M.); (C.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Luca Cornioli
- Biokyma srl Laboratories, 52031 Anghiari, Italy; (T.M.); (C.E.); (L.C.)
| | - Mariacaterina Lianza
- Department Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (P.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Paola Tomasi
- Department Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (P.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (E.S.D.F.); (S.F.); (G.S.)
- Department Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ester Sara Di Filippo
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (E.S.D.F.); (S.F.); (G.S.)
- Department Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (E.S.D.F.); (S.F.); (G.S.)
- Department Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. D’Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (P.T.); (F.P.)
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (E.S.D.F.); (S.F.); (G.S.)
- Department Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), 06132 Perugia, Italy; (S.C.); (E.S.D.F.); (S.F.); (G.S.)
- Department Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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17
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Xie WQ, Men C, He M, Li YS, Lv S. The Effect of MicroRNA-Mediated Exercise on Delaying Sarcopenia in Elderly Individuals. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820974543. [PMID: 33293908 PMCID: PMC7705785 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820974543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is often regarded as an early sign of weakness and is the core element
of muscle weakness in elderly individuals. Sarcopenia is closely related to the
reduction of exercise, and elderly individuals often suffer from decreased
muscle mass and function due to a lack of exercise. At present, studies have
confirmed that resistance and aerobic exercise are related to muscle mass,
strength and fiber type and to the activation and proliferation of muscle stem
cells (MuSCs). Increasing evidence shows that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an
important role in exercise-related changes in the quantity, composition and
function of skeletal muscle. At the cellular level, miRNAs have been shown to
regulate the proliferation and differentiation of muscle cells. In addition,
miRNAs are related to the composition and transformation of muscle fibers and
involved in the transition of MuSCs from the resting state to the activated
state. Therefore, exercise may delay sarcopenia in elderly individuals by
regulating miRNAs in skeletal muscle. In future miRNA-focused treatment
strategies, these studies will provide valuable information for the formulation
of exercise methods and will provide useful and targeted exercise programs for
elderly individuals with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Xie
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chen Men
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao He
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Li
- Deparment of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Lv
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Spehar K, Pan A, Beerman I. Restoring aged stem cell functionality: Current progress and future directions. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1060-1077. [PMID: 32473067 PMCID: PMC7483369 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell dysfunction is a hallmark of aging, associated with the decline of physical and cognitive abilities of humans and other mammals [Cell 2013;153:1194]. Therefore, it has become an active area of research within the aging and stem cell fields, and various techniques have been employed to mitigate the decline of stem cell function both in vitro and in vivo. While some techniques developed in model organisms are not directly translatable to humans, others show promise in becoming clinically relevant to delay or even mitigate negative phenotypes associated with aging. This review focuses on diet, treatment, and small molecule interventions that provide evidence of functional improvement in at least one type of aged adult stem cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Spehar
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Aging Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, BRC, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Pan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Aging Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, BRC, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Ligibel JA, Schmitz KH, Berger NA. Sarcopenia in aging, obesity, and cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:5760-5771. [PMID: 33163373 PMCID: PMC7643855 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-2019-eaoc-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as loss of muscle mass, strength and physical performance, is a hallmark of aging and is invariably associated with perturbation of amino acid metabolism, increased muscle protein catabolism relative to anabolism, and loss of muscle fibers. Sarcopenia may be associated with general loss of body mass, or it may also occur along with obesity [sarcopenic obesity (SO)]. Although sarcopenia is associated with multiple comorbidities in older adults, its effects may even be more severe in patients with malignant disease where it has been shown to contribute to poor surgical outcomes, increased chemotherapy toxicity associated with both cytotoxic and targeted agents, as well as adversely impacting survival. While development of sarcopenia is a common age-related phenomenon, the associated catabolic processes appear to be promoted by physical inactivity, inadequate nutrition, and systemic low-grade inflammation, as well as intrinsic muscle and molecular changes, including mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired muscle stem cell regenerative capacity. Increased physical activity and adequate protein intake can reduce incidence and severity of sarcopenia in cancer patients, but many older cancer patients do not meet physical activity and nutrition recommendations, and cancer treatment can make it more difficult to make favorable lifestyle changes. Sarcopenia is discussed in terms of its adverse clinical consequences in older subjects and particularly, in older patients with cancer. Contributions of lifestyle, molecular, and cellular factors are likewise reviewed with suggestions for interventions to improve sarcopenia and its comorbid sequalae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Ligibel
- Division of Women’s Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn H. Schmitz
- Department Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nathan A. Berger
- Department Medicine, Biochemistry, Oncology, Genetics & Genome Sciences, Center for Science, Health and Society, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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20
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Angulo J, El Assar M, Álvarez-Bustos A, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Physical activity and exercise: Strategies to manage frailty. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101513. [PMID: 32234291 PMCID: PMC7284931 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty, a consequence of the interaction of the aging process and certain chronic diseases, compromises functional outcomes in the elderly and substantially increases their risk for developing disabilities and other adverse outcomes. Frailty follows from the combination of several impaired physiological mechanisms affecting multiple organs and systems. And, though frailty and sarcopenia are related, they are two different conditions. Thus, strategies to preserve or improve functional status should consider systemic function in addition to muscle conditioning. Physical activity/exercise is considered one of the main strategies to counteract frailty-related physical impairment in the elderly. Exercise reduces age-related oxidative damage and chronic inflammation, increases autophagy, and improves mitochondrial function, myokine profile, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway, and insulin sensitivity. Exercise interventions target resistance (strength and power), aerobic, balance, and flexibility work. Each type improves different aspects of physical functioning, though they could be combined according to need and prescribed as a multicomponent intervention. Therefore, exercise intervention programs should be prescribed based on an individual's physical functioning and adapted to the ensuing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Angulo
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (IRYCIS-UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariam El Assar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | | | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.
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21
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Semba RD, Tian Q, Carlson MC, Xue QL, Ferrucci L. Motoric cognitive risk syndrome: Integration of two early harbingers of dementia in older adults. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 58:101022. [PMID: 31996326 PMCID: PMC7697173 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is characterized by a long preclinical phase that may last years to decades before the onset of mild cognitive impairment. Slow gait speed and subjective memory complaint commonly co-occur during this preclinical phase, and each is a strong independent predictor of cognitive decline and dementia. Motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-dementia syndrome that combines these two early harbingers of dementia. The risk of cognitive decline or dementia is stronger for MCR than for either slow gait speed or subjective memory complaint alone. Slow gait speed and subjective memory complaint have several common risk factors: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, abnormal cortisol profiles, low vitamin D levels, brain atrophy with decreased hippocampal volume, and increased deposition of beta-amyloid in the brain. The underlying pathogenesis of MCR remains poorly understood. Metabolomics and proteomics have great potential to provide new insights into biological pathways involved in MCR during the long preclinical phase preceding dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Qu Tian
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle C Carlson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qian-Li Xue
- Departments of Medicine, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Robin JD, Jacome Burbano M, Peng H, Croce O, Thomas JL, Laberthonniere C, Renault V, Lototska L, Pousse M, Tessier F, Bauwens S, Leong W, Sacconi S, Schaeffer L, Magdinier F, Ye J, Gilson E. Mitochondrial function in skeletal myofibers is controlled by a TRF2-SIRT3 axis over lifetime. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13097. [PMID: 31991048 PMCID: PMC7059141 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening follows a developmentally regulated process that leads to replicative senescence of dividing cells. However, whether telomere changes are involved in postmitotic cell function and aging remains elusive. In this study, we discovered that the level of the TRF2 protein, a key telomere-capping protein, declines in human skeletal muscle over lifetime. In cultured human myotubes, TRF2 downregulation did not trigger telomere dysfunction, but suppressed expression of the mitochondrial Sirtuin 3 gene (SIRT3) leading to mitochondrial respiration dysfunction and increased levels of reactive oxygen species. Importantly, restoring the Sirt3 level in TRF2-compromised myotubes fully rescued mitochondrial functions. Finally, targeted ablation of the Terf2 gene in mouse skeletal muscle leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and sirt3 downregulation similarly to those of TRF2-compromised human myotubes. Altogether, these results reveal a TRF2-SIRT3 axis controlling muscle mitochondrial function. We propose that this axis connects developmentally regulated telomere changes to muscle redox metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme D. Robin
- Université Côte d'Azur CNRS Inserm Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Medical School of Nice Nice France
- Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG) U1251 Aix Marseille University Marseille France
| | - Maria‐Sol Jacome Burbano
- Université Côte d'Azur CNRS Inserm Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Medical School of Nice Nice France
| | - Han Peng
- International Research Laboratory in “Hematology, Cancer and Aging” Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Nice University Pôle Sino‐Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Olivier Croce
- Université Côte d'Azur CNRS Inserm Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Medical School of Nice Nice France
| | - Jean Luc Thomas
- Neuromuscular Differentiation Group Institut NeuroMyoGene (INMG) UMR5310 Inserm U1217 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Lyon France
| | | | - Valerie Renault
- Université Côte d'Azur CNRS Inserm Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Medical School of Nice Nice France
| | - Liudmyla Lototska
- Université Côte d'Azur CNRS Inserm Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Medical School of Nice Nice France
| | - Mélanie Pousse
- Université Côte d'Azur CNRS Inserm Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Medical School of Nice Nice France
| | - Florent Tessier
- Université Côte d'Azur CNRS Inserm Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Medical School of Nice Nice France
| | - Serge Bauwens
- Université Côte d'Azur CNRS Inserm Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Medical School of Nice Nice France
| | - Waiian Leong
- International Research Laboratory in “Hematology, Cancer and Aging” Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Nice University Pôle Sino‐Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Sabrina Sacconi
- Université Côte d'Azur CNRS Inserm Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Medical School of Nice Nice France
- Peripheral Nervous System, Muscle and ALS Neuromuscular & ALS Center of Reference FHU Oncoage Pasteur 2 Nice University Hospital Nice France
| | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Neuromuscular Differentiation Group Institut NeuroMyoGene (INMG) UMR5310 Inserm U1217 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon Lyon France
| | - Frédérique Magdinier
- Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG) U1251 Aix Marseille University Marseille France
| | - Jing Ye
- International Research Laboratory in “Hematology, Cancer and Aging” Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Nice University Pôle Sino‐Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Eric Gilson
- Université Côte d'Azur CNRS Inserm Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Medical School of Nice Nice France
- International Research Laboratory in “Hematology, Cancer and Aging” Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/Ruijin Hospital/CNRS/Inserm/Nice University Pôle Sino‐Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique Shanghai Ruijin Hospital Shanghai China
- Department of Medical Genetics Archet 2 Hospital FHU Oncoage CHU of Nice Nice France
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Etienne J, Liu C, Skinner CM, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM. Skeletal muscle as an experimental model of choice to study tissue aging and rejuvenation. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:4. [PMID: 32033591 PMCID: PMC7007696 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-0222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is among the most age-sensitive tissues in mammal organisms. Significant changes in its resident stem cells (i.e., satellite cells, SCs), differentiated cells (i.e., myofibers), and extracellular matrix cause a decline in tissue homeostasis, function, and regenerative capacity. Based on the conservation of aging across tissues and taking advantage of the relatively well-characterization of the myofibers and associated SCs, skeletal muscle emerged as an experimental system to study the decline in function and maintenance of old tissues and to explore rejuvenation strategies. In this review, we summarize the approaches for understanding the aging process and for assaying the success of rejuvenation that use skeletal muscle as the experimental system of choice. We further discuss (and exemplify with studies of skeletal muscle) how conflicting results might be due to variations in the techniques of stem cell isolation, differences in the assays of functional rejuvenation, or deciding on the numbers of replicates and experimental cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Etienne
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Colin M Skinner
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Michael J Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA.
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24
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Muñoz‐Cánoves P, Neves J, Sousa‐Victor P. Understanding muscle regenerative decline with aging: new approaches to bring back youthfulness to aged stem cells. FEBS J 2020; 287:406-416. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pura Muñoz‐Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences CIBERNED ICREA University Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain
- Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center Madrid Spain
| | - Joana Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM) Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Portugal
| | - Pedro Sousa‐Victor
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM) Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de Lisboa Portugal
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25
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Yakabe M, Hosoi T, Akishita M, Ogawa S. Updated concept of sarcopenia based on muscle-bone relationship. J Bone Miner Metab 2020; 38:7-13. [PMID: 31583540 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-019-01048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. It has been widely recognized that low muscle mass was essential in the diagnosis of sarcopenia, whereas recent studies have emphasized the importance of muscle strength. In practice, muscle quality as well as muscle mass might determine the strength and physical performance. A new diagnostic algorithm of sarcopenia has recently been established, in which low muscle strength is a key characteristic factor for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Although many factors are supposed to be involved in the pathology and development of sarcopenia, precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent studies have also focused on the crosstalk between muscles and bones, including functional involvement of myokines and osteokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Yakabe
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hosoi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sumito Ogawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Xi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - April Pyle
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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27
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Kirk B, Al Saedi A, Duque G. Osteosarcopenia: A case of geroscience. Aging Med (Milton) 2019; 2:147-156. [PMID: 31942528 PMCID: PMC6880711 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many older persons lose their mobility and independence due to multiple diseases occurring simultaneously. Geroscience is aimed at developing innovative approaches to better identify relationships among the biological processes of aging. Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are two of the most prevalent chronic diseases in older people, with both conditions sharing overlapping risk factors and pathogenesis. When occurring together, these diseases form a geriatric syndrome termed "osteosarcopenia," which increases the risk of frailty, hospitalizations, and death. Findings from basic and clinical sciences aiming to understand osteosarcopenia have provided evidence of this syndrome as a case of geroscience. Genetic, endocrine, and mechanical stimuli, in addition to fat infiltration, sedentarism, and nutritional deficiencies, affect muscle and bone homeostasis to characterize this syndrome. However, research is in its infancy regarding accurate diagnostic markers and effective treatments with dual effects on muscle and bone. To date, resistance exercise remains the most promising strategy to increase muscle and bone mass, while sufficient quantities of protein, vitamin D, calcium, and creatine may preserve these tissues with aging. More recent findings, from rodent models, suggest treating ectopic fat in muscle and bone marrow as a possible avenue to curb osteosarcopenia, although this needs testing in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Kirk
- Department of MedicineWestern HealthMelbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)University of Melbourne and Western HealthMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Ahmed Al Saedi
- Department of MedicineWestern HealthMelbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)University of Melbourne and Western HealthMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Department of MedicineWestern HealthMelbourne Medical SchoolUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS)University of Melbourne and Western HealthMelbourneVic.Australia
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28
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Sgrò P, Sansone M, Sansone A, Sabatini S, Borrione P, Romanelli F, Di Luigi L. Physical exercise, nutrition and hormones: three pillars to fight sarcopenia. Aging Male 2019; 22:75-88. [PMID: 29451419 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1439004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a pathophysiological condition diffused in elderly people; it represents a social issue due to the longer life expectancy and the growing aging population. It affects negatively quality of life and it represents a risk factor for other pathologies, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. No silver bullet exists to hinder sarcopenia, but it may be counteracted by physical exercise, nutrition, and a proper endocrine milieu. Indeed, we aim to analyze the scientific literature to give to clinician effective advices to counteract sarcopenia. Main text: Physical exercise, proper nutrition, optimized hormonal homeostasis represent the three pillars to fight sarcopenia. Physical exercise represents the most effective remedy to face sarcopenia, in particular if it is combined with a proper diet and with an adequate endocrine milieu. Consistency in training, adequate daily protein intake and eugonadism seems to be the keys to fight sarcopenia. The combination of these three pillars might act synergistically. CONCLUSIONS Optimization of these factors may increase their efficiency; however, scientific data may be sometimes confusing so far. Therefore, we aim to give practical advices to clinician to identify and to highlight the most important aspects in each of these three factors that should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sgrò
- a Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology , Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico" , Rome , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Sansone
- b Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology , Sapienza - Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Sansone
- b Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology , Sapienza - Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- c Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry , Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico" , Rome , Italy
| | - Paolo Borrione
- d Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Internal Medicine , Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico" , Rome , Italy
| | - Francesco Romanelli
- b Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology , Sapienza - Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- a Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology , Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico" , Rome , Italy
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Semba RD, Moaddel R, Zhang P, Ramsden CE, Ferrucci L. Tetra-linoleoyl cardiolipin depletion plays a major role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Med Hypotheses 2019; 127:142-149. [PMID: 31088638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical performance that occurs during aging, is highly prevalent among the elderly. Sarcopenia increases the risk of falls, disability, and death. The biological basis for sarcopenia is not well understood. There are no specific preventive or therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia except exercise. The elucidation of biological pathways and identification of therapeutic targets for treating or preventing sarcopenia remain a high priority in aging research. Mitochondria play a critical role in skeletal muscle by providing energy in the form of ATP, regulation of signaling, calcium homeostasis, autophagy, and other functions. Cardiolipin, a unique dimeric phospholipid specific to mitochondria and an essential component of mitochondrial membranes, is involved in mitochondrial protein transport, maintaining structural organization of mitochondrial membranes, cellular signaling, regulating enzymes involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids, and facilitating normal electron transport chain (ETC) function and generation of ATP. The fatty acid species composition of cardiolipin is critical to mitochondrial bioenergetics, as cardiolipin affects membrane biophysical properties, binds and stabilizes ETC protein complexes, and shapes the curvature of the mitochondrial cristae. Tetra-linoleoyl cardiolipin (18:2)4 comprises ∼80% of cardiolipin in mitochondria in normal human skeletal and cardiac muscle and is optimal for effective ETC function and ATP generation. Aging is associated with a decrease in cardiolipin content, decrease in tetra-linoleoyl cardiolipin (18:2)4 and replacement of linoleic acid (18:2) with other fatty acids in cardiolipin composition, decline of ETC function, and increased generation of reactive oxygen species in muscle. Together, these findings from the literature prompt the hypothesis that depletion of the cardiolipin (18:2)4 species may be at the root of mitochondrial dysfunction with aging, in turn leading to sarcopenia. Corroboration of the tetra-linoleoyl cardiolipin depletion hypothesis suggests new leads for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia by enhancing the biosynthesis, accretion, and integrity of tetra-linoleoyl cardiolipin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Semba
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Pingbo Zhang
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Christopher E Ramsden
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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30
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Isolation and characterization of myogenic precursor cells from human cremaster muscle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3454. [PMID: 30837559 PMCID: PMC6401155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human myogenic precursor cells have been isolated and expanded from a number of skeletal muscles, but alternative donor biopsy sites must be sought after in diseases where muscle damage is widespread. Biopsy sites must be relatively accessible, and the biopsied muscle dispensable. Here, we aimed to histologically characterize the cremaster muscle with regard number of satellite cells and regenerative fibres, and to isolate and characterize human cremaster muscle-derived stem/precursor cells in adult male donors with the objective of characterizing this muscle as a novel source of myogenic precursor cells. Cremaster muscle biopsies (or adjacent non-muscle tissue for negative controls; N = 19) were taken from male patients undergoing routine surgery for urogenital pathology. Myosphere cultures were derived and tested for their in vitro and in vivo myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration capacities. Cremaster-derived myogenic precursor cells were maintained by myosphere culture and efficiently differentiated to myotubes in adhesion culture. Upon transplantation to an immunocompromised mouse model of cardiotoxin-induced acute muscle damage, human cremaster-derived myogenic precursor cells survived to the transplants and contributed to muscle regeneration. These precursors are a good candidate for cell therapy approaches of skeletal muscle. Due to their location and developmental origin, we propose that they might be best suited for regeneration of the rhabdosphincter in patients undergoing stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
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31
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Skeletal Muscle Resident Progenitor Cells Coexpress Mesenchymal and Myogenic Markers and Are Not Affected by Chronic Heart Failure-Induced Dysregulations. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5690345. [PMID: 30719048 PMCID: PMC6335669 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5690345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose In heart failure (HF), metabolic alterations induce skeletal muscle wasting and decrease of exercise capacity and quality of life. The activation of skeletal muscle regeneration potential is a prospective strategy to reduce muscle wasting; therefore, the aim of this project was to determine if functional properties of skeletal muscle mesenchymal progenitor cells (SM-MPC) were affected by HF-induced functional and metabolic dysregulations. Methods Gastrocnemius muscle biopsy samples were obtained from 3 healthy donors (HD) and 12 HF patients to purify mRNA for further analysis and to isolate SM-MPC. Cells were expanded in vitro and characterized by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry for expression of mesenchymal (CD105/CD73/CD166/CD146/CD140b/CD140a/VIM) and myogenic (Myf5/CD56/MyoG) markers. Cells were induced to differentiate and were then analyzed by immunostaining and Q-PCR to verify the efficiency of differentiation. The expression of genes that control muscle metabolism and development was compared for HD/HF patients in both muscle biopsy and in vitro-differentiated myotubes. Results The upregulation of MYH3/MYH8/Myf6 detected in HF skeletal muscle along with metabolic alterations indicates chronic pathological activation of the muscle developmental program. SM-MPC isolated from HD and HF patients represented a mixed population that coexpresses both mesenchymal and myogenic markers and differs from AD-MMSC, BM-MMSC, and IMF-MSC. The functional properties of SM-MPC did not differ between HD and HF patients. Conclusion In the present work, we demonstrate that the metabolic and functional alterations we detected in skeletal muscle from HF patients do not dramatically affect the functional properties of purified and expanded in vitro SM-MPC. We speculate that skeletal muscle progenitor cells are protected by their niche and under beneficial circumstances could contribute to muscle restoration and prevention and treatment of muscle wasting. The potential new therapeutic strategies of HF-induced skeletal muscle wasting should be targeted on both activation of SM-MPC regeneration potential and improvement of skeletal muscle metabolic status to provide a favorable environment for SM-MPC-driven muscle restoration.
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32
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Wang QQ, Jing XM, Bi YZ, Cao XF, Wang YZ, Li YX, Qiao BJ, Chen Y, Hao YL, Hu J. Human Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells May Attenuate Sarcopenia in Aged Mice Induced by Hindlimb Suspension. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:9272-9281. [PMID: 30571669 PMCID: PMC6320659 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the use of human umbilical cord Wharton’s Jelly derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) to treat sarcopenia has not been explored, we studied the effects of hWJ-MSCs in aged male C57BL/6J mice with sarcopenia induced by hindlimb suspension, and explored the potential mechanism. Material/Methods Hindlimb suspension was used to induce sarcopenia in 24-month-old C57BL/6J mice and green fluorescent protein-tagged hWJ-MSCs and controls were transplanted into mice via tail vein or local intramuscular injection. After hWJ-MSC transplantation, changes in whole body muscle strength and endurance, gastrocnemius muscle weight and myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) were studied. Proliferation of skeletal muscle stem cell, apoptosis, and chronic inflammation were also investigated. Results We demonstrated that whole body muscle strength and endurance, gastrocnemius muscle mass, and CSA were significantly increased in hWJ-MSC-transplanted mice than in controls (P<0.05). In hWJ-MSC-transplanted mice, apoptotic myonuclei was reduced, and BrdU and Pax-7 expression indices of gastrocnemius muscles were increased (P<0.05). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were downregulated, and IL-4 and IL-10 were upregulated (P<0.05). Conclusions hWJ-MSCs may ameliorate sarcopenia in aged male C57BL/6J mice induced by hindlimb suspension, and this may be via activation of resident skeletal muscle satellite cells, reduction of apoptosis, and less chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Quan Wang
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Ma Jing
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Zhen Bi
- Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Fu Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Xin Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Bao-Jun Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yan-Lei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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33
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Riuzzi F, Sorci G, Arcuri C, Giambanco I, Bellezza I, Minelli A, Donato R. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia: the S100B perspective. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:1255-1268. [PMID: 30499235 PMCID: PMC6351675 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sarcopenia is a condition of reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, reduced agility, and increased fatigability and risk of bone fractures characteristic of aged, otherwise healthy people. The pathogenesis of primary sarcopenia is not completely understood. Herein, we review the essentials of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of skeletal mass maintenance; the alterations of myofiber metabolism and deranged properties of muscle satellite cells (the adult stem cells of skeletal muscles) that underpin the pathophysiology of primary sarcopenia; the role of the Ca2+ -sensor protein, S100B, as an intracellular factor and an extracellular signal regulating cell functions; and the functional role of S100B in muscle tissue. Lastly, building on recent results pointing to S100B as to a molecular determinant of myoblast-brown adipocyte transition, we propose S100B as a transducer of the deleterious effects of accumulation of reactive oxygen species in myoblasts and, potentially, myofibers concurring to the pathophysiology of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Ileana Giambanco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Alba Minelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology.,Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
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34
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Wilkinson D, Piasecki M, Atherton P. The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function: Measurement and physiology of muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss in humans. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:123-132. [PMID: 30048806 PMCID: PMC6202460 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass with age is due to atrophy and loss of individual muscle fibres. Anabolic resistance is fundamental in age-related fibre atrophy. Fibre loss is associated with denervation and remodelling of motor units. The plasticity of both factors should be considered in future research.
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, sarcopenia, is associated with physical frailty and increased risk of morbidity (chronic diseases), in addition to all-cause mortality. The loss of muscle mass occurs incipiently from middle-age (∼1%/year), and in severe instances can lead to a loss of ∼50% by the 8–9th decade of life. This review will focus on muscle deterioration with ageing and highlight the two underpinning mechanisms regulating declines in muscle mass and function: muscle fibre atrophy and muscle fibre loss (hypoplasia) – and their measurement. The mechanisms of muscle fibre atrophy in humans relate to imbalances in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and breakdown (MPB); however, since there is limited evidence for basal alterations in muscle protein turnover, it would appear that “anabolic resistance” to fundamental environmental cues regulating diurnal muscle homeostasis (namely physical activity and nutrition), underlie age-related catabolic perturbations in muscle proteostasis. While the ‘upstream’ drivers of the desensitization of aged muscle to anabolic stimuli are poorly defined, they most likely relate to impaired efficiency of the conversion of nutritional/exercise stimuli into signalling impacting mRNA translation and proteolysis. Additionally, loss of muscle fibres has been shown in cadaveric studies using anatomical fibre counts, and from iEMG studies demonstrating motor unit loss, albeit with few molecular investigations of this in humans. We suggest that defining countermeasures against sarcopenia requires improved understandings of the co-ordinated regulation of muscle fibre atrophy and fibre loss, which are likely to be inextricably linked.
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Moore DR, Kelly RP, Devries MC, Churchward-Venne TA, Phillips SM, Parise G, Johnston AP. Low-load resistance exercise during inactivity is associated with greater fibre area and satellite cell expression in older skeletal muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:747-754. [PMID: 29761654 PMCID: PMC6104111 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related sarcopenia is accelerated by physical inactivity. Low-load resistance exercise (LLRE) counters inactivity-induced muscle atrophy in older adults, but changes in muscle fibre morphology are unstudied. We aimed to determine the impact of LLRE during short-term inactivity (step-reduction) on muscle fibre size and capillarity as well as satellite cell (SC) content in older skeletal muscle. METHODS Fourteen older (~71 years) male adults underwent 14 days of step reduction (<1500 steps/day) while performing six sessions of LLRE (~30% maximal strength) with one leg (SR + EX) while the contralateral leg served as an untrained control (SR). Seven healthy ambulatory age-matched male adults (~69 years) served as a comparator group (COM). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis after 14 days, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine muscle fibre cross-sectional area (CSA), myonuclear content, SC content (PAX7+ cells), and total (C:F) and fibre type-specific (C:Fi) capillary-to-fibre ratios. RESULTS Type I and II fibre CSA was greater in SR + EX compared with SR. Whereas there were no differences across fibre types between SR + EX and CON, type II fibre CSA was significantly lower in SR compared with COM. Type II myonuclear domain was greater in SR + EX compared with COM and SR. Pax7+ cells associated with type I and II fibres were lower in SR compared with SR + EX. Type II PAX7+ cells were also lower in SR compared with COM with a similar trend for type I fibres. There were trends for a lower C:Fi in SR compared with SR + EX for both fibre types with no differences for each compared with COM. CONCLUSIONS Minimal LLRE during a period of decreased physical activity is associated with greater muscle fibre CSA, SC content, and capillarization. These results support the use of LLRE as an effective countermeasure to inactivity-induced alterations in muscle morphology with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Moore
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan P Kelly
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | | | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Adam P Johnston
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Chhetri JK, de Souto Barreto P, Fougère B, Rolland Y, Vellas B, Cesari M. Chronic inflammation and sarcopenia: A regenerative cell therapy perspective. Exp Gerontol 2018; 103:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zhao J, Tian Z, Kadomatsu T, Xie P, Miyata K, Sugizaki T, Endo M, Zhu S, Fan H, Horiguchi H, Morinaga J, Terada K, Yoshizawa T, Yamagata K, Oike Y. Age-dependent increase in angiopoietin-like protein 2 accelerates skeletal muscle loss in mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1596-1609. [PMID: 29191837 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.814996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy, or sarcopenia, is commonly observed in older individuals and in those with chronic disease and is associated with decreased quality of life. There is recent medical and broad concern that sarcopenia is rapidly increasing worldwide as populations age. At present, strength training is the only effective intervention for preventing sarcopenia development, but it is not known how this exercise regimen counteracts this condition. Here, we report that expression of the inflammatory mediator angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) increases in skeletal muscle of aging mice. Moreover, in addition to exhibiting increased inflammation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), denervated atrophic skeletal muscles in a mouse model of denervation-induced muscle atrophy had increased ANGPTL2 expression. Interestingly, mice with a skeletal myocyte-specific Angptl2 knockout had attenuated inflammation and ROS accumulation in denervated skeletal muscle, accompanied by increased satellite cell activity and inhibition of muscular atrophy compared with mice harboring wildtype Angptl2 Moreover, consistent with these phenotypes, wildtype mice undergoing exercise training displayed decreased ANGPTL2 expression in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, ANGPTL2 up-regulation in skeletal myocytes accelerates muscle atrophy, and exercise-induced attenuation of ANGPTL2 expression in those tissues may partially explain how exercise training prevents sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhe Tian
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics,
| | | | - Peiyu Xie
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics
| | - Keishi Miyata
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics.,Immunology, Allergy, and Vascular Biology, and
| | | | | | | | - Haoqiu Fan
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics
| | | | | | | | - Tatsuya Yoshizawa
- Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamagata
- Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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McKenna CF, Fry CS. Altered satellite cell dynamics accompany skeletal muscle atrophy during chronic illness, disuse, and aging. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2017; 20:447-452. [PMID: 28795971 PMCID: PMC5810415 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review explores recent research investigating the contribution of satellite cells (skeletal muscle stem cells) during muscle fiber atrophy as seen in periods of disuse, illness, and aging. RECENT FINDINGS Studies indicate reduced satellite cell activity and density in a variety of acute and chronic conditions characterized by robust muscle wasting. The direct contribution of satellite cells to unloading/denervation and chronic illness-induced atrophy remains controversial. Inflammation that accompanies acute trauma and illness likely impedes proper satellite cell differentiation and myogenesis, promoting the rapid onset of muscle wasting in these conditions. Transgenic mouse studies provide surprising evidence that age-related declines in satellite cell function and abundance are not causally related to the onset of sarcopenia in sedentary animals. SUMMARY Recent clinical and preclinical studies indicate reduced abundance and dysregulated satellite cell activity that accompany muscle atrophy during periods of disuse, illness, and aging, providing evidence for their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen F. McKenna
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
- Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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